2010入学试题
华中师范大学870计算机基础考研真题——10年
华中师范大学870计算机基础考研真题——10年2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题院系、招生专业：信息技术系教育技术学考试时间：元月10日下午考试科目代码及名称：848 计算机应用基础一、判断以下题目中的A、B、C、D哪一个最符合题意（每小题2分，共20分）。
1.C语言中，合法用户标示符是A W21B mainC returnD “abc”2.当a不等于0时，值为真的表达式是：A aB !aC a==0D a=03.错误的转义字符是：A ’\n’B ’\101’C ’\’’’ D’\108’4.以下程序运行结果是Main(){ int a=-2，b;Do{b=++a;If(!b) printf(“#”）;else printf(“*”）;}while (a<1);}A #*#B *#*C ###D ***5、执行以下程序段后，m值为：Int r，m=9，n=6;while (n!=0){r=m%n;m=n;n=r;)A 9B 6C 3D 546.若有初始化 int a[5]={1,2,3,4,5}，则值为4的表达式为A a[4]B a[a[2]+1]C a[a[2]]D a[3]+17.若有说明 int s[2][5]，n=3,则对数组元素非法引用是A s[1][5]B s[0][n+1]C s[1][4-2]D s[n-2][0]8.若有定义 int aa[3][4]，（*p）[4]；p=aa 则*（p+1）+2表示A aa[2][1]地址B aa[1][2]地址C 元素aa[2][1]D 元素aa[1][2]9.以下程序运行结果为void fun(char*s){s=s+2；*s=*s+2；}main(){char*a= ”12345”；fun（a）printf(“%s\n，a)；}A 12345B 12545 C345 D 54510.若a=3,b=c=4,则表达式（c>=b>=a）？1：0值为：A 1B 0C 3D 4二、简答题（每小题10分，共20分）1.栈具有什么特点？试举一个实例，简要说明栈在程序设计中所起的作用。
2010年考研数学二真题及答案
二零一○年全国研究生入学考试试题（数学二）一选择题一选择题 1.的无穷间断点的个数为函数222111)(xx x x x f +--=A0 B1 C2 D3 2.设21,y y 是一阶线性非齐次微分方程)()(x q y x p y =+¢的两个特解，的两个特解，若常若常数m l ,使21y y m l +是该方程的解，21y y m l -是该方程对应的齐次方程的解，则解，则 A 21,21==m l B 21,21-=-=m lC 31,32==m lD 32,32==m l3.=¹==a a x a y x y 相切，则与曲线曲线)0(ln 2A4e B3e C2e De 4.设,m n 为正整数,则反常积分21ln (1)mnx d xx-ò的收敛性的收敛性A 仅与m 取值有关取值有关B 仅与n 取值有关取值有关C 与,m n 取值都有关取值都有关D 与,m n 取值都无关取值都无关5.设函数(,)z z x y =由方程(,)0y z F x x=确定,其中F 为可微函数,且20,F ¢¹则z z x yxy¶¶+¶¶= A x B z C x -D z - 6.(4)2211lim ()()nnx i j nn i n j ®¥==++åå= A121(1)(1)xd xd y x y ++òò B11(1)(1)xdxdy x y ++òòC 1101(1)(1)d x d y x y ++òòD1121(1)(1)dxdyx y ++òò7.设向量组线性表示，，，：，可由向量组sI b b b aa a ¼¼21r 21II ,,:，下列命题正确的是：的是：A 若向量组I 线性无关，则s r £B 若向量组I 线性相关，则r>s C 若向量组II 线性无关，则s r £D 若向量组II 线性相关，则r>s 8.设A 为4阶对称矩阵,且20,+=AA 若A 的秩为3,则A 相似于A 1110æöç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷èø B 1110æöç÷ç÷ç÷-ç÷èøC 1110æöç÷-ç÷ç÷-ç÷èøD 1110-æöç÷-ç÷ç÷-ç÷èø二填空题二填空题9.3阶常系数线性齐次微分方程022=-¢+¢¢-¢¢¢y y y y 的通解y=__________ 10.曲线1223+=x x y 的渐近线方程为_______________ 11.函数__________)0(0)21ln()(==-=n ny n x x y 阶导数处的在12.___________0的弧长为时，对数螺线当q p qe r =££13.已知一个长方形的长l 以2cm/s 的速率增加，宽w 以3cm/s 的速率增加，则当l=12cm,w=5cm 时，它的对角线增加的速率为___________ 14.设A ，B 为3阶矩阵，且__________,2,2,311=+=+==--B A B A B A 则三解答题三解答题 15.的单调区间与极值。
浙江理工大学植物纤维化学2010真题
浙江理工大学
二O一O年硕士学位研究生招生入学考试试题
考试科目：植物纤维化学代码：963 （*请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）
一、名词解释（3×5=15分）
1. 亲电试剂
2. 玻璃转化点
3. 结晶度
4. 剥皮反应
5. —纤维素
二、选择题(2×10=20分(1-6单选，7-10多选))
1. 针叶材的管胞约占木质部细胞总容积的 二-1 。
A 45-50% B 90-95% C 60-70% D 30-50%
2. 我们所得到的分离木素中 二-2 木素和原本木素结构是一样的。
A 磨木 B Brauns C 硫酸 D 没有一种
3. 无论是碱法还是亚硫酸盐法制浆、脱木素化学过程主要是一种 二-3 反应。
A 亲电
B 氧化
C 磺化
D 亲核
4. 用NaClO2处理无抽提物木粉、使木素被氧化而除去，剩下的产物为： 二-4 。
A 综纤维素
B β－纤维素
C 克－贝纤维素
D 氧化纤维素
5. 碱法制浆中、部分木素结构单元的α-醚键断裂后形成 二-5 中间产物。
A 亚甲基醌
B 正碳离子
C 酚型结构
D 非酚型结构
6. 木素生物合成过程中、不属于首先合成的木素结构单元是： 二-6 。
A 香豆醇
B 紫丁香醇
C 松柏醇
D 芥子醇
7. 在酸性亚硫酸盐制浆中、木素的缩合方式主要有： 二-7 。
A Cβ-C5
B Cα-C6
C Cα-C1
D Cβ-C1
E Cβ-C2
8. 半纤维素上的功能基主要有： 二-8 。
第1页，共4页。
2010年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)真题及答案
2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and nark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. ②It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting 1 workers’ productivity. ③Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect,” the extremely influential idea that the very 3 of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.①The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant. ②According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. ③It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. ④A (n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers’ behavior 10 itself.①After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric analysis. ②The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.①It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. ② 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. ③When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. ④ 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. ⑤Workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. ⑥This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] Contrary to [B] Consistent with [C] Parallel with [D] Peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D] intended20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D]h i t t i n gSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel atthe fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.①We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.①Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote. ③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes[B] casual style[C] elaborate layout[D] radical viewpoints23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2①Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. ② received one for its “one-click” online payment system. ③Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. ④One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.①Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. ②In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. ③In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law. ④It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”①Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. ②That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. ③Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move againstrivals that might beat them to the punch. ④In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. ⑤Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.①The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. ②The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling.①The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. ②Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. ③The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,” says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to businesses.[B] their connection with asset allocation.[C] the possible restriction on their granting.[D] the controversy over their authorization.27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions.[B] It involves a very big business transaction.[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Para. 3) most probably means[A] loss of goodwill.[B] increase of hostility.[C] change of attitude.[D] enhancement of dignity.29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges.[B] are often unnecessarily issued.[C] lower the esteem for patent holders.[D] increase the incidence of risks.30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents.[B] Protection for business-method patent holders.[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents.[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents.Text 3①In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. ②The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.①The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication” : Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. ②Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. ③The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. ④In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. ⑤Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.①In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. ②In fact, they don’t seem to be required at all.①The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. ②Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. ③For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. ④If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.①Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. ②They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics.[B] discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas.[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics.[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems.[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends.[C] has won support from influentials.[D] requires solid evidence for its validity.33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions.[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media.[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public.[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention.34. The underlined phrase “these people” in Paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence.[B] have little contact with the source of influence.[C] are influenced and then influence others.[D] are influenced by the initial influential.35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted.[B] The impulse to influence others.[C] The readiness to be influenced.[D] The inclination to rely on others.Text 4①Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. ②Behind the scenes,they have been taking aim at someone else the accounting standard-setters. ③Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. ④These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.①Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. ②The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. ③And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. ④After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. ⑤These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements. ⑥Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who question our motives. ⑦Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls the use of judgment by management.①European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. ②The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. ③Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did not live in a political vacuum but in the real world and the Europe could yet develop different rules.①It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.②Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. ③The truth will not be known for years.④But banks’ shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical.⑤And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.①To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. ②America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. ③Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. ④The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility interests. ⑤But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules.[B] collect payments from third parties.[C] cooperate with the price managers.[D] re-evaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management.[B] the revival of the banking system.[C] the banks’ long-term asset losses.[D] the weakening of its independence.38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators.[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets.[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness.[D] sympathy.Part BDirections:For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; theconsumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep atighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving Europeangrocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market?Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy. At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply theirgigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafés. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy,Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from thefood service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some largefood producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41. →42. →43. →44. →E →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of the century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of a benefit, real or fancied, to itself.Some species of trees have been “read out of the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, somehave been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the Postgraduates’ Association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and the other information which you think is relevant.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “Postgraduates’ Association”instead. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年英语（一）试题参考答案Section I Use of English1. A. affected2. B. up3. C. act4. B. perplexing5. C. accounts6. B. matter7. D. so long as8. A. awareness9. C. enough10. D. by11. C. subjected12. A. Contrary to13. A. evidence14. D. misleading15. B. For example16. A. duly17. D. continued18. C. However19. B. tended20. D. hittingSection Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part AText121. B. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.22. A. free themes.23. D. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. A. His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.25. B. The Lost Horizon in NewspapersText226. C. the possible restriction on their granting.27. D. It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. C. change of attitude.29. B. are often unnecessarily issued.30. A. A looming threat to business-method patents.Text331. B. discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas.32. D. requires solid evidence for its validity.33. A. the power of influence goes with social interactions.34. C. are influenced and then influence others.35. C. The readiness to be influenced.Text436. A. follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules.37. D. the weakening of its independence.38. C. act on their own in rule-setting.39. B. exaggerated the real value of their assets.40. D. sympathy.Part B41. B. Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.42. F. For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to。
2010年本科入学考试英语试题
金 陵 协 和 神 学 院 2010年本科入学考试·英语试题（总分100分，答题时间180分钟）注意： 本试卷共11页，请将1－80题的选择答案填到第11页的答题表中。
第一部分：词汇与语法（共40题，每题1分，共40分）1. John wrote his name and phone number on a _________ of paper. A) lump B) sheet C) tube D) slice2. He often writes to his parents. He writes ____________. A) frequently B) occasionally C) sometimes D) now and then3. My teacher says I am a good student, and I hope that is ______. A) fair B) exact C) correct D) equal4. He gave a large ______ of money to the church. A) some B) number C) amount D) piece5. Sue forgot to bring her textbook, so she asked if she could ___ her classmate’s book.A) lend B) lends C) borrows D) borrow6. He always goes ____________ after school. A) to home B) to house C) home D) to the house7. You must give up watching TV now. You must _____ right away. A) end B) stop C) surrender D) begin8. “Yes, _____________,” the girl said. “I would be happy to help you.”A) off course B) course C) because D) of course9. He needed some spare parts for a machine at work, so he ______ them.A) asked B) begged C) thanked D) requested10. Mr. Jones has a house in California and _______ in New York. A) another B) other C) else D) different11. How _______ is Nanjing ________ Shanghai? A) long…away B) away …till省份 姓名 准考证号码答题不超过此装订线C) distance…to D) far…from12. Jeff has been in China for a year, so his parents haven’t seen him _______ lastApril.A) from B) for C) since D) by13. The boy just ____ the Bible for the first time, so there were many things he didn’tunderstand.A) read B) reads C) red D) reading14. Did you climb ________mountain all the way to the top?A) the hole B) the all C) the whole D) all of15. _________ money does he have in the bank?A) How many B) How muchC) How D) How few16. My friend, ___________ brother works in the church, just got married.A) whose B) whose his C) his D) of whom17. What kind of car did your father _______ ten years ago?A) drive B) drives C) drove D) driven18. My friend has ___________ beautiful house!A) so B) such a C) such D) a such19. “Don’t do that!” he shouted ________ a loud voice.A) in B) with C) on D) over20. I can’t find my bike. It isn’t _________ where I put it.A) their B) theirs C) they’re D) there21. The patient was told to take the medicine ________ .A) one day twice B) two times one dayC) twice a day D) one day two times22. He ________ the football club of the university.A) is belonged to B) is belongedC) belongs D) belongs to23. In this school, there are about 200 students _______ music, dancing or dramatics.A) study B) are studyingC) to study D) studying24. ________ in 1508, the bridge is about 500 years old.A) Being built B) Built C) Having built D) Building25. If I were you, I ________ worry so much.A) couldn't B) mustn't C) wouldn't D) needn't26. It is not clear ________ they will continue the work or not.A) that B) whether C) if D) that if27. Some of the students were reading magazines and _______ were just turning overthe pages.A) the other B) others C) some students D) some other28. "Go down this road ______ you find a space free," the camper said.A) when B) before C) until D) as soon as29. Last year summer I went to France. This year I'm going to Italy _______ .A) in spite B) rather C) instead D) despite30. This is the strangest thing ________ heard about.A) I have ever B) I have neverC) ever I have D) never I have31. You will never be able to enter that university ______ you get very high scores inthe examinations next month.A) if B) as C) although D) unless32. _________ we have no money, we can't buy it.A) For B) Since C) While D) That33. Then an old man ________ gray hair entered the room.A) of B) in C) with D) for34. It's not surprising that as a successful businessman, my friend Martin is not ______he was when he graduated five years ago.A) that B) what C) how D) why35. He considered ________ to see Paul in person.A) going B) be going C) to go D) to be going36. ______ Tuesday evening at eight, Major Joyce will give a lecture in Bailey Hall on"My Experience in China."A) In B) At C) Of D) On37. They are determined to make their voice ________ .A) hear B) to hear C) heard D) hearing38. ______ do you prefer, a government without newspapers or newspapers without agovernment?A) What B) How C) Which D) Why39. The girl was shocked at the horrible scene, as if ______ into a nightmare.A) had walked B) walked C) walking D) to walk40. I don't understand why you ______ the same mistakes!A) are keeping making B) are kept to makeC) keep to make D) keep making第二部分完形填空（共20题，每题1分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从41－60各题所组成的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
中国海洋大学食品考研生物化学2010真题.
中国海洋大学 2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题生物化学 B一、判断题:(对的打√,错的打×。
每题 1分,共 30分1 当不同分子大小的蛋白质混合物流经凝胶柱层析时,小分子物质因体积小最先被洗脱出来。
2 球蛋白的三维折叠均采取亲水侧基在外,疏水侧基藏在分子内部的结构。
3蛋白质变性主要由于氢键的破坏这一概念是由 Anfinsen 提出的。
4 无论氨基酸顺序如何,多肽链主链结构的连键都是相同的。
5 蛋白质在等电点时溶解度最小。
6 酶的别构调节是慢速调节。
7 在原核细胞和真核细胞中,染色体DNA都是与组蛋白形成复合体。
8人体可以合成各种类型的饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸。
9脂肪酸的氧化只要β-氧化一种形式。
10 TCA循环可以产生 NADH 2和 FADH 2,但不能产生高能磷酸化合物。
11 氧化还原电位决定了呼吸链中传递体的排列顺序以及电子的流动方向。
12 鸟氨酸循环是肝细胞内的线粒体中进行的。
13 体内脱氨基的主要形式是氧化脱氨基作用。
14 逆转录酶具有 DNA 聚合酶和 RNA 聚合酶的双重功能。
15 蛋白质合成是在核糖核蛋白体上进行的,氨基酸可以随机结合到各自的位点上。
16尿素的生产过程是耗能过程。
17 在原核生物中 DNA 的复制是半保留式的不连续复制,而真核生物中是半不连续的。
18 很多生物合成途径中最后一步是由一种调节酶催化的,此酶为自身的产物,即该途径的最终产物所抑制。
19 核糖体上每个肽键的形成除在氨基酸的活化中用去二个高能磷酸键外,还需消耗两个高能磷酸键。
20 在线粒体中有三羧酸循环、脂肪酸α-氧化、氧化磷酸化的酶系。
21 果糖 1,6-二磷酸对丙酮酸激酶具有反馈抑制作用。
22 酶的共价修饰能引起酶分子构像的变化。
23 蛋白质的合成中终止密码子不编码任何蛋白质。
24 糖异生走糖酵解的所有逆过程。
25 分泌性蛋白质需要信号肽的作用。
26 RNA与DNA的合成都需要引物。
27三羧酸循环中有2次脱羧,都是在脱羧酶催化下完成。
2010年硕士学位研究生入学考试物理化学试题
$ $ (D) Pt|H 2 (p )|H 2 SO4 ( a ) |O 2 (p )|Pt
30．电池的电动势测定中不需要用到的装置或方法是： (A) 对消法 (B) Wheatstone 电桥 (C) 温度计 (D) 标准电池
+ 31．298K 时，在 Pt | H 2 ( p = 1 atm) | H ( aH + ) CuSO4 ( aCuSO4 ) | Cu ( s ) 右边的
考试科目： 物理化学 第 3 页 共 6 页
(D) 活化熵
(A) θ = k ⋅ p1/n
a ⋅p (C) θ = 1+ a ⋅ p
= (B) θ
RT ln ( A 0 ⋅ p ) a
C⋅p ( ps − p ) 1 + ( c − 1) p / ps
(D)
V = Vm
25．对反 应 A3+ + B2- ⇔ {A⋅⋅⋅B}+ → P，当向体系中加入惰性支持电解质时，其 反应速率常数将： (A) 增大 (B)减小 (C)不变 (D)很难确定 26．当电解池的两极流过一定电流时，阴极和阳极的电势（用ϕc 和ϕa 表示） 将比平衡时的电极电势 (A) 二者均更正 (B) 二者均更负 (C) ϕc 更负，ϕa 更正 (D) ϕc 更正，ϕa 更负 27．一定浓度下，某强电解质溶液的摩尔电导率是 0.12 Ω-1⋅m2⋅mol-1， 当向该 溶液加入 2 m3 的水时，其摩尔电导率将 (A) 增大 (B)减小 (C)不变 (D)很难确定 28．通过电沉积的方式对溶液中金属离子 A2+和 B2+进行分离, 若要使[A2+] ≤ 10-7∙[B2+], 则要求ϕB2+|B − ϕA2+|A (A) > 0.21 V (B) < -0.21 V (C) >0.14 V (D) <-0.14 V 29．下列电池中，哪一个不能用来测量 H2O 的离子积 KW？
首都师范大学_2010_汉语国际教育真题_汉语国际教育基础(1)
A. 十二洲制 B. 郡县制 C. 道路制 D. 行省制
14. 鄂温克族主要生活在我国
地区
A. 西北
B. 东北
C. 西南
D. 东南
15. 下面哪个节日不属于基督教？
A. 圣诞节 B. 复活节 C. 开斋节 D. 受难节
16. 以下哪一部不是老舍的作品？
A. 《家》
B. 《老张的哲学》
C. 《正红旗下》
3. 汉武帝时期汉朝国力达到极盛阶段，华夏族逐渐改称“汉族”，此后的“汉语”“汉字” 也由
此而来。
4. 隋唐时期，中日交流达到鼎盛时期，日本政府多次派遣隋使、隋唐使，来中国学习先进 的
文明与文化。
5. 中国的楹联起源于古代的桃符，是一种独特的艺术。
6. 孔子创立的“儒学”是春秋旧中国时期影响最大的思想流派。
的
精神。
A. 写实主义 B. 人体本位 C. 天人合一 D. 追求个性
20. 中国地域辽阔，汉唐时期已经形成了
两个中心。
A. 长安、洛阳
B. 长安、咸阳
C. 长安、建康
D. 长安、临安
21.
国家级自然保护区位于黑龙江省齐齐哈尔境风，1992 年被列入“世界重要
湿地名录”，主要保护对象为丹顶鹤等珍禽及湿地生态系统。
首都师范大学 2010 年 攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目代码：443
考试科目名称：汉语国际教育基础
请将答案写在答题纸相应的位置上。考试时间为 180 分钟。
壹 中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识（共 80 分）
一、 填空题（每小题 1 分，共 30 分）
1. 在清代，
是国家唯一的最高学府。
2. 在科举考试中，如果一个人在乡试、会试、
651综合英语(含英汉互译)2010初试科目试题
26. When they were evicted for not paying the rent, they wept, wailed and ______ their teeth.
A.ibbled
A. in for, off, for B. after, along at C. in for, on, after D. into, on, upon
5. I don’t go ______ hard rock. It’s much too noisy ______ my taste.
A. after, with B. for, for C. with, with D. with, for
27. At the football match, the ______ were thoroughly aroused by the flexibility of the players.
A. audiences B. on-lookers C. spectators D. crowds
28. You can rest ______ that the talented young secretary has been able to confirm what he said in the original report.
A. dangledB. droopedC. sagged D. stooped
20. As the final examination was drawing near, Theresa spent the rest of the day with her books, trying to ______ with some reading.
2010考研试题及评分标准
（6）设 A 为 4 阶实对称矩阵，且 A 2 + A = O 。若 A 的秩为 3，则 A 相似于
1 1 (B) −1 0 −1 −1 (D) −1 0 x < 0, 0, 1 （7）设随机变量 X 的分布函数 F ( x ) = , 0 ≤ x < 1, 则 P{ X = 1} = 2 −x x ≥1 1 − e , 1 −1 −1 −e (D) 1 − e 2 （ 8） 设 f1 ( x ) 为标准正态分布的概率密度， f 2 ( x) 为 [ −1,3] 上均匀分布的概率密度，若
2
x2
1
……3 分
x f ′( x ) f ( x)
(−∞, −1)
−
↘
−1
0 极小
(−1, 0) +
↗
0 0 极大
(0,1)
−
↘
1 0 极小
(1, +∞)
+
↗
……6 分 因此， f ( x ) 的单调增加区间为 ( −1, 0) 及 (1, +∞ ) ，单调减少区间为 ( −∞, −1) 及 (0,1) ；
2 取 D = {( x, y ) | x + 2
（16）解： f ( x ) 的定义域为 ( −∞, +∞ ) ，由于 f ( x ) = x 2
x2
2 4 4
……8 分 ……10 分
∫
1
x2
1
e −t dt − ∫ te − t dt ，
2 2
x2
1
所以 f ( x ) 的驻点为 x = 0, ±1 列表讨论如下：
f ′( x) = 2 x ∫ e −t dt + 2 x 3e − x − 2 x3e − x = 2 x ∫ e −t dt ，
[考研真题]2010年法律硕士(非法学)研究生入学联考试题综合课真题
![[考研真题]2010年法律硕士(非法学)研究生入学联考试题综合课真题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a71104d208a1284ac85043d9.png)
[考研真题]2010年法律硕士（非法学）研究生入学联考试题综合课真题【考试年份】2010年1月【考试科目】法理学、宪法学、中国法制史。
满分150分2010年法硕（非法学）试题——综合课一、单项选择题（1一-45题，每小题1分，共45分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中。
只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑）1．在法的概念问题上，古典自然法学派的主要观点是（）。
A．法是阶级社会的产物B．法是民族精神的产物C．法是人类理性和本性的体现D．法是自由意志的外在表现形式2．下列选项中，属于规范性法律文件的是（）。
A．市公安机关签发的拘留证B．县民政部门核发的结婚证C．省高级人民法院作出的判决书D．省人大常委会制定的《农村公路管理条例》3．下列选项中，属于法区别于其他社会规范的特征是（）。
A．概括性B．规范性C．抽象性D．国家强制性4．我国宪法规定：“中华人民共和国公民有宗教信仰自由。
”该规定属于法律规范中的（）。
A．授权性规范B．禁止性规范C．义务性规范D．命令性规范5．按照法律关系主体是否特定化，可以将法律关系划分为（）。
A．基本法律关系与普通法律关系B．绝对法律关系与相对法律关系C．调整性法律关系与保护性法律关系D．平权型法律关系与隶属型法律关系6．下列选项中，不属于我国正式法律渊源的是（）。
A．制定法B．习惯法C．国际惯例D．国际条约7．下列关于法的效力的表述，能够成立的是（）。
A．法律应使人知晓，不知者不为罪B．法律不经公布，就不具有效力C．在现代社会，法律完全不具有溯及力D．法的效力高低取决于其强制性程度8．下列关于英美法系特征的表述，能够成立的是（）。
A．法的基本分类是公法和私法B．承袭罗马法传统，不制定法典C．制定法和判例法都是法的正式渊源D．诉讼不采用对抗制，法官是双方争议的裁决者9．下列关于立法的表述，不能成立的是（）。
A．立法体制的核心问题是立法权的分配B．修改和废止法律是立法活动的重要组成部分C．立法反映社会发展规律，与人的主观能动性无关D．有关国家机关发布的规范性法律文件属于广义的立法10．下列关于法律制裁的表述，能够成立的是（）。
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试思想政治理论试题 答案
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试政治真题答案及解析一、单项选择题：1～16小题，每小题1分，共16分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1. 【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是马原中的“马克思主义最崇高的社会理想”知识点。
马克思主义最崇高的社会理想是，实现物质财富极大丰富，人民精神境界极大提高，每个人自由而全面发展的共产主义社会，是马克思主义最崇高的社会理想。
其中，物质财富极大丰富和精神境界极大提高的根本目的是实现人的自由而全面的发展——价值目标。
所以，正确答案是A选项。
这段话的关键是要知道马克思主义追求的根本价值目标与马克思主义最崇高的社会理想之间的关系,而A正是马克思主义最崇高的社会理想的落脚点。
而B本身不正确，C为空想社会主义者的主张,D为资产阶级思想家提出的。
2. 【答案】C【解析】此题考察的是马原中“中质变和量变的关系”知识点。
通过题干中的关键句——坚持就是胜利的哲理是什么，坚持意味着量大，马上就想到了量变导致质变知识点，答案选C。
ABD不符合题意。
3. 【答案】D【解析】本题考查马哲中认识世界和改造世界中“人与自然的关系”知识点。
气候变暖给人类发出的警示是人在对于自然的作用过程中，生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提，保护自然，协调人和自然的关系是大势所趋，所以，正确答案是选项D。
ABC本身是错误的。
人与人之间一切社会关系的核心是生产关系，人类社会发展的根本决定力量是物质资料的生产方式。
4. 【答案】C【解析】本题考查马原中政经部分“劳动力成为商品的基本条件”知识点。
与一般商品不同的是，劳动力商品的消费过程也就是劳动过程。
在劳动过程中，能创造出新价值，而且这个新的价值比劳动力自身的价值更大。
这里劳动力的买卖并不同价值规律相矛盾，一切都按商品交换的原则办事。
在工人将剩余价值生产出来的同时，货币也随之转化为资本了。
因此，本题的正确答案是C选项。
2010年硕士研究生入学考试“数据结构与C语言程序设计”试题与答案
13．C 语言规定，简单变量做实参时，它和对应的形参之间的数据传递方式是 A．单向值传递 B．地址传递 C．由实参传给形参，再由形参传回给实参 D．由用户指定传递方式 14．C 语言规定，函数返回值的类型是由 A．return 语句中的表达式的类型所决定 B．调用该函数时的主函数的类型所决定 。
3
C．调用该函数时系统临时决定 D．在定义该函数时所指定的函数的类型所决定 15．下面给出的 4 个定义语句中，与 int *p[5]; 等价的是 。 A．int p[5]; B．int *p; C．int *(p[5]); 16．若有以下定义和语句，则值为 1002 的表达式是 。 struct s{ int age; int num; }; static struct s a[3]={1001,20,1002,19,1003,21},*ptr; ptr=a; A．ptr++->num B．(ptr++)->age C．(*ptr).num D．(*++ptr).age 17．若要通过下面的程序段使得指针变量指向一个存储整型变量的动态存储单元，则程序段中的空 。 白处(横线上方)应该是 int *ptr; ptr= malloc(sizeof(int)); A．int B．int * C．(int *) D．(*int ) 。 18．下面关于宏的叙述中，错误的是 A．宏名无类型，其参数也无类型 B．宏定义不是 C 语句，不必在行的末尾加分号 C．宏替换只是字符替换 D．宏定义命令必须写在文件的开头 。 19．下列关于 C 语言文件操作的叙述中，正确的是 A．对文件的操作必须是先打开文件 B．对文件的操作必须是先关闭文件 C．对文件操作之前必须先测试文件是否已打开，然后再打开文件 D．对文件的操作无顺序要求 20．使用 fopen( )函数以文本方式打开或者建立可读写文件。要求：若指定文件不存在，则建立一 个文件，并使文件指针指向其开头；若指定文件存在，则打开该文件，并将文件指针指向其结尾。下列 。 “文件使用方式”中，正确的是 A．“r+” B．“ a+” C．“ w+” D．“a”
10天大真题和答案
天津大学招收2010年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目名称：物理化学 考试科目代码：839 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，并写清楚题号，答案写在试题上无效。
一、填空题(32分)1. 封闭系统发生一循环过程，Q 。
A. > 0；B. < 0；C. = 0；D. 不确定2. 封闭系统理想气体的真空膨胀过程(焦耳实验)，S ∆ 。
A. > 0； B. < 0； C. = 0； D. 不确定3. kPa 下，5-°C 的水变为5°C -的冰，S ∆ 。
A. H T ∆=；B. H T ∆>；C. HT∆<； D. 与H ∆关系不定4. 对于一组成固定的封闭系统TS p ⎛⎫∂= ⎪∂⎝⎭ 。
A. V T -；B. p V T ∂⎛⎫- ⎪∂⎝⎭；C. p C p -；D. H V T ∂⎛⎫- ⎪∂⎝⎭5. 饱和蔗糖(122211C H O , A)水溶液中()A s μ ()A 溶液μ。
A. > ；B. < ；C. = ；D. 不确定6. 理想气体反应 A B X Y a b x y +==+ 在恒压、绝热条件下进行。
若非体积功为零，则r H ∆ 。
A. > 0；B. < 0；C. = 0；D. 不确定7. 克劳修斯克拉佩龙方程m2d ln d 相变H p T RT ∆=适用于 、 相变，公式推导中采用的近似条件为 、 。
8. 某双原子分子可看作一维谐振子，其振动能级分布数分别为012,,,n n n L 等。
已知温度T 下系统处于热平衡时100.528n n =，则30n n = 。
9. mol 苯(66C H ) 和 mol 甲苯(653C H CH )在25 °C ，100 kPa 下混合形成理想液态混合物，则该过程的熵变S ∆= 。
(写出公式及结果)10. 某温度、压力下()2H g 、()2N g 和()3NH g 反应达到化学平衡的系统中，组分数C = ；自由度数F = 。
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合试题、答案与解析
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合试题A1.单句型最佳选择题。
每一道试题由一个题干和四个备选答案组成，题干在前，选项在后。
选项A、B、C、D中只有一个为正确答案，其余均为干扰答案。
考生在回答本题型时需对备选答案进行比较，找出最佳的备选答案。
1. 下列关于体液的叙述，正确的是A. 分布在各部分的体液量大体相等B. 各部分体液彼此隔开又相互沟通C. 各部分体液的成分几乎没有差别D. 各部分体液中最活跃的是细胞内液答案解析：本题考点为人体体液的分布及其特点。
人体的体液包括细胞内液和细胞外液两大部分，细胞外液又包括组织液和血浆。
各部分的体液彼此隔开，但又相互沟通。
不同部位的体液量和成分的差距均很大，其中细胞外液相对比较活跃。
所以答案B 是正确的。
2. 需要依靠细胞内CAMP来完成跨膜信号转导的膜受体是A. G蛋白偶联受体B. 离子通道型受体C. 酪氨酸激酶受体D. 鸟苷酸环化酶受体答案解析：本题考点为细胞信号转导的细胞内途径。
细胞的信号转导分为离子通道介导的信号传导、G蛋白偶联受体介导的信号转导和酶联型受体介导的信号转导三种方式。
其中cAMPf乍为G蛋白偶联受体介导的信号转导途径中的第二信使，在该转导方式中发挥重要作用，因此选A。
3. 外加刺激引起细胞兴奋的必要条件是A. 刺激达到一定的强度B. 刺激达到一定的持续时间C .膜去极化达到阈电位D. 局部兴奋必须发生总和答案解析：本题考点为细胞兴奋的条件。
细胞兴奋即产生动乍电位。
动乍电位产生的必要条件是细胞膜去极化达到阈值，也就是电压依赖性N6通道开放形成正反馈。
因此C为最恰当的选择。
4. 发生巨幼红细胞贫血的原因是A. 缺铁B. 蛋白质摄入不足C. 缺乏维生素B12 和叶酸D. EPO生成不足答案解析：本题考点为不同类型贫血的原因。
在红细胞生成过程中，需要有足够的蛋白质、铁、叶酸和维生素B2的供应。
蛋白质和铁是合成血红蛋白的重要原料，而叶酸和维生素B2是红细胞成熟所必需的物质。
2010年考研数学二真题及答案
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12. 当0 ≤ θ ≤ π时，对数螺线r = eθ的弧长为 ___________
13.已知一个长方形的长 l 以 2cm/s 的速率增加，宽 w 以 3cm/s 的速率 增加，则当 l=12cm,w=5cm 时，它的对角线增加的速率为___________ 14.设 A，B 为 3 阶矩阵，且 A = 3, B = 2, A−1 + B = 2,则 A + B −1 = __________
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2
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33
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2010——2011南开大学真题及答案(考研亲情奉献)
南开大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题一、选择题1.B型DNA的构象为：A．C-3’内式糖环构象，反式糖苷键构象B．C-3’外式糖环构象，顺式糖苷键构象C．C-2’内式糖环构象，反式糖苷键构象D．C-2’外式糖环构象，顺式糖苷键构象2. 亚硝酸引起基因突变的机制是A．甲基化B．脱氨C．脱氢D．氧化3. RNase P的非Waston-Crick 碱基配对是A．G=UB．C=UC．G=AD．C=A4. 反密码子UAC识别的密码子是A．AUGB．TUGC．ATGD．GUA5. DNA分子变性时,通常从下列哪种部位开始A．富含A-T的区域B．富含G-C的区域C．嘌呤交替排列的区域D．嘧啶交替排列的区域6. 下列基因组DNA按复性速度由小到大,排列正确的是A．E.coli<牛<T4噬菌体<小鼠卫星DNAB．牛<E.coli<T4噬菌体<小鼠卫星DNAC．牛<Ecoli<小鼠卫星DNA<T4噬菌体D．T4噬菌体<小鼠卫星DNA<小鼠卫星DNA<Ecoli<牛7. 色氨酸操纵子的转录衰减作用与哪一序列相关A．操纵序列B．前导序列C．调节基因序列D．启动子序列8. 错配修复的标签是A．模板链的酰基化B．模板链的磷酸化C．模板链的羟化D．模板链的甲基化9. 属于核酶的是A．GTPaseB．氨酰-tRNA合成酶C．甲酰转移酶D．肽基转移酶10. 以鸟嘌呤核苷酸为辅因子的内含子剪接反应发生于A．I型内含子B．II型内含子C．III型内含子D．IV型内含子11. 关于DNA分子甲基化描述错误的是A．帮助细胞识别和区分自身DNA和外来DNAB．甲基供体是S-腺苷甲硫氨酸C．胸腺嘧啶最容易被甲基化D．调节基因表达12. 对DNA拓扑异构酶描述错误的是A．可增加或减少DNA超螺旋程度B．I型酶的作用方式是临时性切开DNA双链中的一条C．I型酶的作用需要GTP供能;II型酶的作用需要ATP供能D．II型酶的作用方式是同时切开DNA双链13. John Cairns等利用H-胸腺嘧啶发现了A．Ecoil的θ型复制B．DNA的半保留复制C．DNA的半不连续复制D．胸腺嘧啶的代谢途径14.大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶I,II,III的共性是A．都具有3’-5’外切活性B．都具有5’-3’外切活性C．都具有切口平移作用D．都是单亚基酶15.对端粒酶描述正确的是A．端粒酶是核酶B．端粒酶是逆转录酶C．端粒酶是依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶D．端粒酶是依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶16.不参与剪辑切割修复的酶是A．DNA糖基化酶B．AP核酸内切酶C．DNA连接酶D．磷酸二酯酶17.用于检测mRNA表达的探针序列应与下列哪种序列相同A．编码链B．正链C．模板链D．有意义链18.足迹法(footprint)可用于确定A．内含子序列B．外显子序列C．启动子序列D．增强子序列19.非依赖Rho因子的转录终止不具有的特点是A．终止序列含反向重复序列B．终止序列下游具富含A序列C．终止序列下游具富含G序列D．形成发卡结构打断RNA-DNA杂交区20.氨基酸活化的第一步反应中,氨基酸与ATP-E作用形成A．氨酰－ATP-EB．氨酰-AMP-EC．氨酰-ATPD．氨酰-ADP21.下列哪种氨基酸常处于酶的活性中心A．GlyB．HisC．AlaD．Pro22.分子排阻色谱法分离蛋白质的原理是A．根据蛋白质分子的等电点B．根据蛋白质分子的大小C．根据蛋白质分子的形状D．根据蛋白质分子的稳定性23.关于血红蛋白与肌红蛋白的正确描述是A．血红蛋白与肌红蛋白都具有四级结构B．血红蛋白与肌红蛋白的氧合曲线均为S型C．血红蛋白与肌红蛋白皆具有氧的运输功能D．二磷酸甘油酸通过与血红蛋白的结合降低其与氧的亲和力24.下列哪种抑制剂可通过增加[S]的方法克服其抑制作用A．竞争性抑制剂B．非竞争性抑制剂C．反竞争性抑制剂D．不可逆抑制剂25.当酶促反应速度达到最大反应速度的75%时,Km与[s]的关系是A．[s]=KmB．[S]=2KmC．[s]=3KmD．[s]=4Km26.维生素B12是下列哪种酶的辅酶A．脱氢酶B．脱羧酶C．转氨酶D．变位酶27.催化糖原合酶激酶-3磷酸化的激酶是A．PKAB．PKBC．PKCD．PKG28.蛋白激酶C的活性依赖于下列哪组物质A．Ca2+和PEB．PS和PCC．Ca2+和PSD．Ca2+和DAG29.心房肽受体是一种A．胞内受体B．七跨膜螺旋受体C．寡聚离子通道D．受体酶30.下列关于胰高血糖素描述错误的是A．胰高血糖素是促脂解作用B．胰高血糖素促进肝糖原与肌糖原分解,促进血糖升高C．胰高血糖素受体与G蛋白偶联,具有七次跨膜螺旋结构D．胰高血糖素促进糖异生,抑制糖的分解31.下列哪种物质通过增加线粒体内膜对一价阳离子的通透性而破坏氧化磷酸化的作用A．撷氨霉素B．寡霉素C．抗霉素AD．叠氮化物32.下列哪种不饱和脂肪酸能在高等动物体内合成：A．△5,8,11—二十碳三烯酸B．△5,8,1,14—二十碳四烯酸C．△9，12—十八碳二烯酸D．△9,12,15—十八碳三烯酸33.下列哪种物质不含S-腺苷甲硫氨酸所提供的甲基A．磷酸肌酸B．肾上腺素C．胸苷酸D．磷脂酰胆碱34.A．B．C．D．。
2010年西安高新一中入学分班考试真题及答案
1高新一中分班考试真卷一．认真填一填(每小题3分,共30分)1．我国香港特别行政区的总面积是十亿九千二百万平方米，改写成用“万”作单位的数是____平方米，省略“亿”后面的尾数写作____平方米。
2. 小明以8折的优惠买了一双鞋，省丁20元，那么他买鞋实际付了____元.3. 有一组数据:13,15,13,13,19,19中位数是____.4. 分数单位的所有最简真分数的和是____.5．现有10万个苹果,小明从中任取l00个，发现被虫咬的有2个.估计这些苹果中有____个被虫咬.6．把3.1 , 3. , π, 314%四个数按照从小到大的顺序排列是____.7. 买一辆汽车,分期付款购买要多加价7%,如果现金购买可按九五折优惠.小新算完后发现分期付教比现金购买多付7200元，那么这辆汽车的原价是____元.8. 如果※表示一种运算符号,其意义a※b＝2a﹣b,则11※(5.5※3)＝____.9. 圆的直径由6厘米增加到10厘米，圆的面积增加了____平方厘米.10. 桌面上有一条长80厘米的线段，另外有直径为1厘米、2厘米、3厘米、4厘米、5厘米、8厘米的圆形纸片若干张，现在用这些纸片将桌上线段盖住,并且使所用纸片圆周长总和最短，则这个周长总和是____厘米。
二、将正确答案的序号填入括号内(每小题2分，共10分)1.把米长的绳子剪成相等的两段，每段的长度是全长的( ).A. 米B. 米C.D.2．一辆摩托车的油箱容积为5升，行驶6千米耗油0.3升,这辆车加满油后要行驶120千米.中途( ).A.不需加油B.一定要加油C.加油也可不加油3. 存有酒精溶液的容器的盖子不小心被打开了，第一天酒精蒸发了，第二天蒸发了剩下的,这时,容器内剩下的酒精占原来的( ).A. B. C. D.4．一种股票，原价13元,第二天跌了9%,第三天又涨了9%,四三天的价钱和原价相比( )。
A. 没有变B. 比原价高C. 比原价低5. 如图,小明周末到外婆家，走到十字路口处，记不清前面哪条路通往外婆家，那么他能一次走对路的可能性是( )A. B. C. D. 01(第5题图)三. 细心算一算(共24分)1. 计算(每小题4分,共16分)(1) (1＋0.75＋2＋1)÷(3﹣1)(2) 2÷×(3) 7.816×1.45＋1.69×7.816＋3.14×2.184(4) 1×[7＋(4.125﹣4)﹣4]2. 解方程(每小题4分,共8分)(1) 80×25%﹣1.3x＝10.9 (2) 6﹣x＝0四.实际问题，用一用(共28分)1. 人民机床厂五月份制造机床108台，比四月份多制造，五月份比四月份多制造多少台机床？（4分）2. 一个圆形喷水池的周长是62.8米，绕着这个水池修一条宽2米的水泥路。
中南神学院本科入学考试语文试题
中 南 神 学 院2010年本科入学考试（本科语文）试题成 绩:1．下列各组中加点的字，读音完全正确的一项是（ ）A ．绚．（xu àn ）丽 芜．（w ú）杂 亘．（g èng ）古 饿殍．（pi āo ）遍野 B ．埋．（m án ）怨 侥．（ji ǎo ）幸 镣．（li ào ）铐 潺．（ch án ）潺流水 C ．蹉．（cu ō）跌 坚韧．（r ěn ） 窗扉．（f ēi ） 浅尝辄．（zh è）止 D ．颤．（ch àn ）动 揣．（chu ǎn ）摩 慷慨．（g ài ） 义愤填膺．（y īng ）2．下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一项是（ ）A ．大展鸿图 大事渲染 百折不挠 嫉恨污蔑B ．历尽沧桑 苦思暝想 举止安祥 怅望低徊C ．民不聊生 肆无忌殚 声名狼藉 毋庸质疑D ．重岩迭嶂 摇摇欲坠 砥砺品格 通霄达旦3．依次填入下列空格中的词语，最恰当的一项是（ ）①在常人难以想象的 环境中，他凭借 的精神创造了如此巨大的成绩确定难能可贵。
②儿子想使母亲骄傲，这心情毕竟是太真实了， 使“想出名”这一难登大雅之堂的念头也多少改变了一点印象。
③他的精神 在象征着他的生命的伟大事业中。
A ．坚苦 艰苦 以至 灌注B ．坚苦 艰苦 以致 贯注C ．艰苦 坚苦 以至 贯注D ．艰苦 坚苦 以致 灌注4．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（ ）A ．这件玩意虽然有些年头了，但古董鉴赏家认为，它是一件不名一钱．．．．的赝品。
B ．走在狭长而幽深的山涧中，他有些害怕；当转过一个山脚，前面突然豁然．．开朗．．了，他高兴得跳了起来。
C ．当前，恐怖主义的威胁已蔓延到世界各个角落，鉴于这种情况，作为记者，我们就是要把他们制造的耸人听闻．．．．的事实公之于众。
D ．9月11日，美国国内班机遭恐怖分子的劫持，制造了举世皆知的“9·11”事件，真是祸起萧墙．．．．啊！5．下列各句中，标点符号使用恰当的一项是（ ）准考证号：A．“归根到底他是对了！”人们说道：“他是对了，守旧老人错了……”B．大家要继续解放思想，深化改革，面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来，努力开创教育和科研的新局面。
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中学2010年入学考试
数学试题（100分钟）
同学们，你们好！欢迎你来到我校参加升学考试，展示你的学习
成果。
请你认真思考，仔细答题，交上一份满意的答卷！努力吧， 你
是最棒的！
Ⅰ卷
一、 认真思考，准确填写。
（25颗★）
1、一个数由7个10000，8个1000，4个100组成，这个数是（ ），
把这个数四舍五入到万位是( )。
2、7.05千米=( )千米( )米 1500毫升=（ ）升
5吨80千克=( )吨 3.15小时=( )小时( )分
3、25 ：
0.6化成最简单的整数比是（ ）：（ ），比值是（ ）。
4、40÷50= （ ）10 = 12（ ） =( )%=( )：( )
5、糖占糖水的10%，那么糖与水的比（ ）。
6、一幅地图上5厘米长的线段表示实际距离150千米，这幅地图的
比例尺是（ ）。
7、一个圆柱体，削去6立方分米，正好削成与它等底等高的圆锥体。
这个圆锥体的体积是（ ）。
8、一个三角形的内角度数的比是3：5：4，这个三角形是（ ）
三角形。
9、一个长方体形状的游泳池，它的长是50米，宽是25米，深2.2
米。
这个游泳池占地（ ）平方米，最多容纳水（ ）立方米。
10、把4米长的绳子平均分成7段，每段长是（ ）米。
每段长
是这根绳子（ ）（ ）。
11、一长方形的长与宽的比为4∶3，已知长是2分米，宽是（ ）
分米。
12、已知甲数的23 =乙数的 35 (甲乙都不为0)，那么甲数与乙数的比
是（ ）。
13、如果用一张正方形纸的周长是12分米，把它剪成一个最大的圆
形，那么圆的面积是（ ）平方分米。
二、仔细推敲，正确辨析。
（对的在括号里画“√”，错的画“×” ）
（5颗★）
1、一个合数最少有2个因数。
（ ）
2、做种子发芽实验，种子的发芽率最高可达100%。
（ ）
3、正方形的面积与边长不成比例。
（ ）
4、小圆的直径是5厘米，大圆的直径是10厘米，那么大圆和小圆的
面积比是1：4。
（ ）
5、2吨的110 与4吨的20%重量相等。
（ ）
三、慎重考虑，精心选择。
（把正确答案的序号填入括号里）（5颗★）
1、一个数（0除外）除以13 ，即把这个数（ ）。
A 、缩小3倍
B 、扩大3倍
2、13 + 15 - 13 + 15
=（ ）。
A 、0 B 、23 C 、25
3、要形象反映化肥厂2009年下半年每月的产量情况，最好选用 （ ）。
A 、 条形统计图
B 、 折线统计图
C 、 扇形统计图
4、一个圆的周长与它半径的比是（ ）。
A 、1：2π
B 、 2π：1
C 、π：1
5、一种商品，降价20%，又提高原价的20%后，商品的价格（ ）。
A 、高于原价
B 、不变
C 、低于原价
四、看清题目，细心计算。
(28颗★)
1、 直接写得数。
（4颗★）
3-25 = 49 ÷3= 13 - 16
= 12 + 14 = 120 ×15= 23 - 14 = 1- 413 = 79 - 13
+ 29 = 35×314 = 34 + 18
= (14 +13 )×12= 89 ÷98 = 2、 脱式计算（12颗★）
①813 ÷6 + 16 ×513 ②[1-( 14 + 38 )]÷110
③6.2×( 97 - 14.25÷0.5 ) ④（1
3
-
1
6
+
1
4
）× 12
3、解方程（12颗★）
2 5X + X = 280
4
5X —
7
20=
9
20
2 3：
3
4
= X ：9
0.25
1.25
=
1.6
X
五、应用知识，解决问题。
（37颗★）
1、一种录音机原价每台1200元，现在每台售价是840元，降价百分之几？
2、学校举行书法作品展览，五年级参展作品比四年级参展作品少3 7，
五年级参展的作品有40幅。
四年级参展作品有多少幅？
3、打字员打一份书稿，每分钟打160个字，25分钟可以打完。
如果每分钟多大40个字，多少分钟就可以打完？（用比例知识）
4、王新读一本故事书。
第一天读了全书的27 ，第二天读了32页，还
剩全书的13 没读，问还剩多少页没读？
5、一个圆柱形玻璃容器，从里面量底面半径是5厘米。
将一个瓷玩具沉入容器的水中，水深15厘米。
将瓷玩具拿出后，容器内水深12厘米。
这个瓷玩具的体积是多少？
6、童乐幼儿园共有150本图书，其中的40%分给大班，剩下的图书按4∶5分给小班和中班，小班和中班各分到多少本？
7、在比例尺是1:30000000的地图上，甲乙两地之间的航空线长4.5厘米。
在比例尺是1:25000000的地图上，甲乙两地之间的航空线长多少厘米？
Ⅱ卷
一、认真读题，谨慎填空。
（8颗★）
1、一长为7分米，宽为5分米的铁片，最多能剪出（）个直径为2分米的圆形铁片。
（2颗★）
2、2个同样大小的正方体，组成一个新长方体，表面积是40平方厘米，求一个正方体的表面积（）平方厘米。
（3颗★）
3、一个圆锥和一个圆柱的底面积相等，圆锥的体积是圆柱的1
6，如
果圆柱的高是9厘米，那么圆锥的高是（）厘米。
（3颗★）二、仔细审题，巧妙解答。
（12颗★）
1、商店运来三种水果，其中梨的重量占1
3。
苹果的重量和其它两种
水果重量之和的比是1 ：3。
苹果比梨少20千克。
共运来水果多少千克？（4颗★）
2、职工子弟小学原有科技书,文艺书共630本,其中科技书占20%,后来又买进一批科技书,这时科技书占这两种书的30%,又买进科技书多少本?（4颗★）
3、商店同时卖出两台洗衣机，每台2400元，其中一台比进价高20%，
另一台比进价低20%。
总的来看商店是赚钱还是赔钱？（4颗★）。