FiguresofSpeech(Chen)
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• Without military leverage, peaceful mediation was not working.
• Some countries use oil supply as political leverage.
• Each figure has its own form and characteristics, and its own way of achieving effect. Sometimes two or more figures can be used together for greater impact.
• Image-makers after all, cannot alter the raw material they work with: they can only polish it. “My job is to present the best reality. We ignore the bad points and present the good.”
• Italy cannot be vanished in warfare nor Greeks in studies.
• What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.
• The pen is mightier than the sword. • When the war was over, he laid down the
risky business. • The auto dealer hijacked buyers
into purchasing unwanted accessories. • When a virus enters a cell it hijacks it, and make it do what it wants.
• A knowledge of these figures, and how they are best used will be of help to us not only in deepening our understanding of what we read, but also in appreciating more fully the finer points of a writer’s style. In the process, we might even learn to write better ourselves.
• The gossip was like a net that strangled her. / She was strangled in the net of gossip.
Metaphor
• Efficiency is undermined in a jungle of red tape.
• Unchecked violence has already dulled the luster of the Big Apple. The daunting task before its leaders is to prevent it from rotting to the core.
3. Metonymy (转喻;借代)
• Metonymy is the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated. Its function is to express an idea briefly and effectively by compressing much into a single word or a short noun phrase.
Metonymy
• The whole city went out to hail the victorious troops.
• He has undoubtedly the best stable in the country.
• Sheradon is a hotel noted for its good table.
sword and took up the pen.
Metonymy
• His purse would not allow him that luxury.
• He took to the bottle. • He has been appointed to the bench. • She took the veil at 20. • He reads Shakespeare.
• tongue- eloquence;
• gray hairs- old people;
• sword- war and destruction;
• brain-knowledge, wisdom or reason
Metonymy
• He must have been spoilt from the cradle.
Figures of Speech
Aims
• To know about the most frequentlyused rhetorical devices;
• To be able to identify the most frequently-used figures of speech;
• To know the importance of rhetorical devices in the language use.
4) The two things should be similar in at least one quality.
• Its chief function is to draw sharp pictures in the mind through comparisons, to give deeper insight into things, persons and ideas through suggestive association, or to explain abstract, complicated ideas in simple, concrete imagery.
Figures of Speech
• Definition: The Figure of Speech is a kind of art which deals with how to manipulate the language effectively.
• By figures of speech, we refer here to those rhetorical devices termed “tropes” in classical rhetoric. Tropes have to do with the way words are made to mean other than what they normally imply, and therefore involve deviation from the ordinary and literal meaning of words. They are ways of making our language figurative. We use words in nonliteral senses to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create atmosphere.
Simile
• Jim and Billy are as like as two peas. • And the whining school boy, with his
satchel and shining morning face, creeping like snail unwillingly to school……(Shakespeare) • Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day.
Metaphor
• Dress is is a journey toward
simplicity and triumph over confusion. • Money is the lens in a camera. • A house divided against itself can’t
1. Simile (明喻)
• It has four basic characteristics:
1) Comparative words such as “like”, “as”;
2) Two things involved in comparison;
3) The two things must be substantially different;
Compare
• The news is as a
• The news is a
dagger to his heart. dagger to his heart.
• Joe fought like a lion.
• Joe was a lion in the battle.
Compare
• Learning may be likened to climbing up a mountain. / Learning is climbing up a mountain.
stand.---- A. Lincoln • I skim over the book to taste the tone
of it. • At last he felt a ray of hope.
Metaphor
• The parks are the lungs of our city. • In foreign policy, flying solo can be
Simile
• He is something of a political chameleon. • Habit may be likened to a cable; every day
we weave a thread, and soon we cannot break it. • Notew: A simile must possess the quality of freshness and originality. It would be
better to avoid using similes like: as cold as ice, as good as gold, as strong as an ox, as cunning as a fox, as fresh as a rose.
2. Metaphor (暗喻;隐喻)
• A metaphor is often loosely defined as “an implied comparison” or “ a simile without comparative words”. Its chief function is to vivify an idea through comparison, to give insight into things and persons, or to explain complicated ideas in simple imagery. Compared with similes, it usually requires greater ability on the part of the reader to make out the hidden association or insight in metaphors.
• Some countries use oil supply as political leverage.
• Each figure has its own form and characteristics, and its own way of achieving effect. Sometimes two or more figures can be used together for greater impact.
• Image-makers after all, cannot alter the raw material they work with: they can only polish it. “My job is to present the best reality. We ignore the bad points and present the good.”
• Italy cannot be vanished in warfare nor Greeks in studies.
• What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.
• The pen is mightier than the sword. • When the war was over, he laid down the
risky business. • The auto dealer hijacked buyers
into purchasing unwanted accessories. • When a virus enters a cell it hijacks it, and make it do what it wants.
• A knowledge of these figures, and how they are best used will be of help to us not only in deepening our understanding of what we read, but also in appreciating more fully the finer points of a writer’s style. In the process, we might even learn to write better ourselves.
• The gossip was like a net that strangled her. / She was strangled in the net of gossip.
Metaphor
• Efficiency is undermined in a jungle of red tape.
• Unchecked violence has already dulled the luster of the Big Apple. The daunting task before its leaders is to prevent it from rotting to the core.
3. Metonymy (转喻;借代)
• Metonymy is the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated. Its function is to express an idea briefly and effectively by compressing much into a single word or a short noun phrase.
Metonymy
• The whole city went out to hail the victorious troops.
• He has undoubtedly the best stable in the country.
• Sheradon is a hotel noted for its good table.
sword and took up the pen.
Metonymy
• His purse would not allow him that luxury.
• He took to the bottle. • He has been appointed to the bench. • She took the veil at 20. • He reads Shakespeare.
• tongue- eloquence;
• gray hairs- old people;
• sword- war and destruction;
• brain-knowledge, wisdom or reason
Metonymy
• He must have been spoilt from the cradle.
Figures of Speech
Aims
• To know about the most frequentlyused rhetorical devices;
• To be able to identify the most frequently-used figures of speech;
• To know the importance of rhetorical devices in the language use.
4) The two things should be similar in at least one quality.
• Its chief function is to draw sharp pictures in the mind through comparisons, to give deeper insight into things, persons and ideas through suggestive association, or to explain abstract, complicated ideas in simple, concrete imagery.
Figures of Speech
• Definition: The Figure of Speech is a kind of art which deals with how to manipulate the language effectively.
• By figures of speech, we refer here to those rhetorical devices termed “tropes” in classical rhetoric. Tropes have to do with the way words are made to mean other than what they normally imply, and therefore involve deviation from the ordinary and literal meaning of words. They are ways of making our language figurative. We use words in nonliteral senses to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create atmosphere.
Simile
• Jim and Billy are as like as two peas. • And the whining school boy, with his
satchel and shining morning face, creeping like snail unwillingly to school……(Shakespeare) • Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day.
Metaphor
• Dress is is a journey toward
simplicity and triumph over confusion. • Money is the lens in a camera. • A house divided against itself can’t
1. Simile (明喻)
• It has four basic characteristics:
1) Comparative words such as “like”, “as”;
2) Two things involved in comparison;
3) The two things must be substantially different;
Compare
• The news is as a
• The news is a
dagger to his heart. dagger to his heart.
• Joe fought like a lion.
• Joe was a lion in the battle.
Compare
• Learning may be likened to climbing up a mountain. / Learning is climbing up a mountain.
stand.---- A. Lincoln • I skim over the book to taste the tone
of it. • At last he felt a ray of hope.
Metaphor
• The parks are the lungs of our city. • In foreign policy, flying solo can be
Simile
• He is something of a political chameleon. • Habit may be likened to a cable; every day
we weave a thread, and soon we cannot break it. • Notew: A simile must possess the quality of freshness and originality. It would be
better to avoid using similes like: as cold as ice, as good as gold, as strong as an ox, as cunning as a fox, as fresh as a rose.
2. Metaphor (暗喻;隐喻)
• A metaphor is often loosely defined as “an implied comparison” or “ a simile without comparative words”. Its chief function is to vivify an idea through comparison, to give insight into things and persons, or to explain complicated ideas in simple imagery. Compared with similes, it usually requires greater ability on the part of the reader to make out the hidden association or insight in metaphors.