2020-2021学年外研版必修二Module 2 No Drugs grammar学案

Module 2 No Drugs grammar学案
学习目标：1.动词不定时做目的状语to do ，in order to do ，so as to do
2.学习结果状语从句，
学习重点：学习目的状语及结果状语从句的用法
知识链接：不定式作目的状语
自学指导：通过习题归纳、整理
高考链接：目的状语从句的用法
学习过程：
目的状语
学习任务：1，通过查字典完成课本P14第 1.2.3题P15 FUNCTION中1---6小题
不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的，逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，为了使目的意义更加清楚或强调，还可在前面加上in order(句首，句末)或so as（句中）
To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.
I’ve written it down in order not to forget.
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
The teachers are using new methods for students to make progress.
结果状语从句
结果状语从句主要由so that, so…that, such…that等引导。

在so…that结构中，so后面跟形容词或副词；在such…that结构中，such后面跟名词。

e.g He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.
他做了错误的决定，结果毁了半生。

He told us such funny stories that we all laughed.
他讲的故事非常有趣，我们都哈哈大笑。

注意下列几种结构：
1. So+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that
e.g. It was so hot a day that even the crops withered.
天气极度炎热，连庄稼都枯萎了。

2. such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that
e.g. It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice.
这是一部很有趣的电影，我看了两次。

3. So+many/few+复数名词+that
e.g. He had so many things to do that he was busy all day long.\
他事务繁杂，整天忙的不可开交。

4. So+much/little +不可数名词+that
e.g. He earned so little money that he could barely support his family.
他挣钱很少，几乎养活不了一家人。

注：so/such放在句首引导结果状语从句时，主句动词与主语倒装
e.g. So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him clearly.
So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
工人们这么快就干完了，结果他们得了奖金。

补充：名词词组中的such和so 分类
such和so两个单词的中文意思相近，学生在使用时很容易混淆。

其实，这两个单词的用法并不相同，首先要注意的是，两个单词的词性不同；such为形容词，意思是“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，主要用来修饰名词；例如：
No such thing has ever happened.
I have never seen such a beautiful place before.
而so是副词，意思为“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，主要用来修饰形容词、副词和分词。

例如：
Last time I saw him he was so fat!
He was not so much angry as disappointed.
但是，such和so都可以用于名词词组。

本文主要介绍一下它们在名词词组中的用法。

一、后接可数名词的单数形式
1、直接跟名词时，用such；例如：
However did you make such a mistake?
I have never heard of such a thing.
Why are you in such a hurry?
注意：当such前面有no时，必须省去不定冠词a(an)，因为no such本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于not such a(an)；例如：
I have no such bo ok. (= I haven’t such a book.)
2、跟带形容词的名词时，既可以用such，也可以用so，但应注意冠词位置的不同，例如：
I have never seen such a tall man.
I have never seen so tall a man.
He is not such a clever boy as his brother.
He is not so clever a boy as his brother.
二、后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，例如：
Such things often happen in our daily life.
Such people are dangerous.
Whales are such smart animals that they communicate with each other.
He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper.
三、后接不可数名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，例如：
Did you ever see such weather?
You can’t drink such hot milk.
She made such rapid progress that she soon began to write articles in English.
四、当复数名词或集合名词之前有few，many；不可数名词之前有little，much修饰时，用so，例如：
so many people / so many students / so few days
so much time / so much money / so little time等。

注意：上述词组中的so实际上修饰名词前的形容词。

试比较下列两句：
①I have met many such people in my life.
②I didn’t expect to meet so many people there.
上述两句中都有many，但却分别用了such和so，其位置不同，因此含义也不同。

在①中，many和such同时修饰后面的名词；而②句中的so修饰的则是many。

五、当many、much、little、few单独作为名词使用时，用so；例如：
There are so few that I can’t give you one.
This is the girl I have told you so much about.
So much for today.
六、such可以和all、some、other、another、one、no、many、any、few、several等词同时修饰一个名词，但它的位置通常是放在这些词的后面，例如：
All such possibilities must be considered.
I need some such cards.
One such dictionary is enough for me.
We have had several such Chinese paintings already.
I hope never to meet with another such accident.
当堂训练：
完成练习册13页第一题。