【英语】高考英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解(科普环保)(及答案)含解析

【英语】高考英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解(科普环保)(及答案)含解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Tablets are really useful devices, but their big screens always make them as a burden to carry around without a bag. Wouldn't it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand?
Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available. In February, South Korean electronics company Samsung and China's Huawei both launched foldable phones, the Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X respectively. Mobile phone use has entered the "foldable future", The Verge noted.
The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices, due to their bendable screens, give us the larger screens we want. Meanwhile, they still fit easily into the pocket. As USA Today noted, they're "the combination of a small tablet and smartphone, all in a single device".
The technology could change other devices, too. For example, we could make TVs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers. In crowded modem cities, they will help us to maximize available space.
In a keynote address, Samsung's senior vice president of mobile product marketing, Justin Denison, called the foldable screen "the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow". "It's a blank canvas (画布) for us to do something beautiful together." he said.
So is there nothing to stand in the way of the foldable future? According to tech news website Android Authority, the necessary displays were difficult to produce. In 2012, nine out of every 10 OLED (二极管) screens produced were imperfect. Today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to between 50 and 90 percent. However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. That's a price that few people will be able to afford.
But if the foldable device isn't going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. Patrick Moorhead, an industry analyst told The Verge, "Few are debating if foldable or rollable mobile displays are the future of smartphones; the only question is when and by whom."（1）What can be the best title for the text?
A. Screen devices on the market.
B. Foldable age is arriving.
C. Possible powers of a tablet.
D. Foldable screens are imperfect.
（2）What can we learn from Justin Denison's words?
A. The foldable screen has great potential.
B. The Galaxy Fold still has many problems.
C. The production of foldable phones will soon increase.
D. Companies need to work together to develop foldable phone.
（3）What is the problem with foldable phones at the moment?
A. They are easy to break.
B. They are inconvenient to carry.
C. They are not as useful as expected.
D. They are unaffordable for most families.
（4）What is the author's attitude toward the future of the foldable screen?
A. Worried.
B. Cautious.
C. Positive.
D. Unconcerned.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。

”
（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Wouldn't it be great if there were a ph one with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand?”如果有一款具有平板电脑功能的手机，可以折叠起来，整齐地放在手里，那不是很棒吗?；以及第二段中的“Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available.”现在，类似于平板形状的可折叠手机即将问世。

可知本文主题是“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Justin Denison, called the foldable screen ‘the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow’.‘It's a blank canvas (画布) for us to do something beautiful together.’” Justin Denison称可折叠屏幕是“未来智能手机的基础”。

“这是一块空白的画布，我们可以一起做一些美好的事情。

”“可知，我们能从贾斯汀·丹尼森的话中了解到“可折叠屏幕”具有很大的潜力。

”故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. That's a price that few people will be able to afford.”然而，目前这些可折叠设备价格昂贵。

例如华为Mate X的价格是17500元人民币。

这是一个很少有人能负担得起的价格。

可知，目前可折叠手机大多数家庭都买不起。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“But if the foldable device isn't going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming.”但如果这种可折叠设备不能在一夜之间改变世界，那么毫无疑问，它将会到来。

可知，作者对可折叠屏幕的未来持的态度是积极的。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

When we see a person in trouble, the first idea that comes to our mind is to lend a hand. But what if we see an animal in trouble, does the same rule apply?
This question was raised after a group of penguins were saved from an icy gully (峡谷) in Antarctica. It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series Dynasties. The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope (斜坡) so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.
The case has taken the international media by storm. Viewers watching this film let out a sigh of relief. "I'm so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isn't bothering,
right?" viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.
However, others think human interference (干涉) is unnatural. "You can't have sunshine throughout your life. To have done anything else would only make matters worse," said the show's creator David Attenborough, according to The Times.
In this case, however, Mike Gunton, the executive producer of the series, said that this was a one-off situation. "There were no animals going to suffer by interfering. You weren't touching the animals and it was just felt by doing this... they had the chance not to have to keep slipping down
the slope," he told the BBC.
Such cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen, wildlife photographer for National Geographic. He told Metro, "If it's ever a predator (捕食者) situation, no matter how gut-wrenching, you stay out of
the way. Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."
"There's no rule book in those situations. You can only respond to the facts that are right there
in front of you," Will Lawson, the show's director, told Daily Mail.
（1）What has led to a heated media discussion?
A.People's various remarks on penguins.
B.The rescue of penguins from a gully.
C.Some penguins' sufferings in a gully.
D.Ways of filming the series Dynasties.
（2）Who holds a positive attitude towards human interference?
A.Kathryn Shaw.
B.Will Lawson.
C.Paul Nieklen.
D.David Attenborough.
（3）Which of the following best explains the word "gut-wrenching" underlined in paragraph 6?
A.Putting one in place.
B.Making one confused.
C.Putting one in danger.
D.Making one heartbroken.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reasons for the Necessity of Lending a Hand to Animals
B.Suggestions on How to Protect Animals From Danger
C.Effects of Human Interference on Dangerous Animals
D.Opinions on Whether to Help Animals in Trouble or Not
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当动物们面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救
之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The film crew were an xious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope
（斜坡）so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.”和第三段中的“The case has taken the international media by storm”可知，从峡谷中救出企鹅这一事件引起了大家的热议。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“I'm so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isn't bothering, right?" viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.”可知，她对帮助动物是很赞成的，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据上文大家对干涉动物的行为有不同观点，再结合下文的“you stay out of the way. Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."可知，此句句意为：如果这是个捕食的情景，无论你是多么的心碎，你都不能干预。

结合四个选项可知，此处用Making one heartbroken（心碎）最合句意。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文就救助企鹅的视频引发的热议讲述了当动物面临危险时，我们如何伸出援助之手给出了一些建议。

因此，本文的最佳标题应为“若何保护动物脱险的建议”。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

One spring day, once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover (盘旋) and zip through your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table. While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely: me.
A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is to fly as many as three miles from home, stick her long, straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When the bee has had her fill, shell fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixture is ready to be placed into the comb. Then she and her 50 000 or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lifetime, our bee may visit 4, 000 flowers, and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me.
The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast, and beyond. If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure. Literally—I never go bad.
Alas, my good health is not guaranteed. The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals, as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit I'd appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a little wild My future depends on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers, thus helping the bees, who give so much—to you, to me—without ever asking for anything in return.
（1）What does "me" refer to in the passage?
A. The flower
B. The bee
C. Water
D. Honey
（2）What is the 2nd paragraph mainly about?
A. Bees' special talent
B. Bees' hard work.
C. Bees' living environment.
D. Bees' social behavior.
（3）What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To appeal for help for honeybees.
B. To talk about the history of a treasure.
C. To put forward techniques for gardeners.
D. To argue against the control of chemicals.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，用拟人的手法，以蜂蜜的口吻，介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤为人类酿造蜂蜜，人类应该保护蜜蜂。

（1）考查代词指代。

根据第一段中的“While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely"可知，当你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻击时，其实蜜蜂完全专注于其他的东西——蜜，由此可知me指的就是蜜，故选D。

（2）考查主旨大意。

通读第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤采蜜，为人类酿造蜂蜜，由此可知本段主要介绍的是蜜蜂的辛勤工作，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"thus helping the bees, who give so much—to you, to me—without ever asking for anything in return."可知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们帮助为人类辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读理解
News anchors(主播) must have been reluctant to read out the following news: Xin Xiaomeng began working as the world's first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news anchor at Xinhua News Agency on Sunday, three months after a male robot joined the profession.
Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues reading. That's why many news anchors were worried: Will AI replace us in the near future?
To find the answer, we have to analyse the technologies that support Xin at her job. Three key technologies are used to support Xin. First, samples of human voices are collected and synthesized (合成). This is followed by the collection and synthesis of human muscle movement samples. And third the voices and movements are married in a way that when the Al news anchor reads, the micro -electric motors behind her face move to make her expressions seem
more human.
Yet we need a thorough knowledge of deep leaning technology to make a robot imitate a person's voice. The developer needs to collect tens of thousands of pieces of pronunciations, input them into the machine and match them with the text or the Al to lean and read. The process for imitating facial movements is similar. The developer has to analyse the movements of the 53 muscles in the human face, make a model set from the collected data for the AI news anchor to lean, and imitate the movements of facial muscles via programs
Both the technologies used to make Xin's performance impressive are mature. The real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according to the content of the news report. In fact, Xins expressions don't always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human. Actually. AI is still no match for human qualities.
（1）What does the underlined word "reluctant "in the first paragraph mean?
A. Delighted.
B. Unwilling.
C. Confused.
D. Optimistic.
（2）What can we infer about previous news robots?
A. They read news without expressions.
B. They looked like a human being
C. They could interview sports stars
D. They could interact with audience.
（3）What do we know about the third technology?
A. This technology is very perfect so far
B. This technology is quite popular now
C. This technology remains at the theoretical stage
D. This technology is far from mature.
（4）From the last paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that____.
A. human news anchors should learn from AT anchors to save their jobs
B. Al anchors perform much better than human news anchors at present
C. Al news anchors won't replace human news anchors in the near future
D. Xin Xiaomeng s expressions vary so naturally that they are true to life
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，作者介绍了人工智能背后的技术，并指出在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"Xin Xiaomeng began working as the world's first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news anchor at Xinhua News Agency on Sunday"及第二段中的"That's why many news anchors were worried: Will AI replace us in the near future?"可知，担心将来自己的工作会被人工智能取代的新闻主播一定不愿意透露下面这个消息：上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，由此可知画线词词义为"不
愿意的"，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues reading."可知，与以前的机器人主播不同的是，辛晓萌读起来不像一台冷冰冰的机器，就像是一个活生生的人，她读新闻的时候脸上的肌肉能够伸展和放松，面部反应也发生了变化，由此可知，以前的机器人主播读新闻时面无表情，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"The real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according to the content of the news report. In fact, Xins expressions don' t always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human."可知，真正的难点在于第三技术，使辛晓萌的面部表情根据新闻报道的内容而变化，事实上，辛晓萌的表情不总是随着内容而变化，她的表情一点也不像人类，由此可知，第三技术还远远不够成熟，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Actually. AI is still no match for human qualities."可知，人工智能仍无法与人类素质相匹敌，由此可知，在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇阅读理解
Hacking isn't just for computers and smartphones, According to a study published last week in the journal Science, scientists have found a way to hack a plant's genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around the world.
Photosynthesis（光合作用）is the word used to describe how plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food. Scientists who conducted the new study say this is a very slow process. Plants use less than 1 percent of the energy available to therm. But by hacking a plant's genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between 14 and 20 percent.
"Specifically, scientists hacked the plant's protective system. Normally, this system is activated when a plant gets too much sunlight, "said scientist Krishna Niyogi, co-author of the study. When the plant senses the light, it gets rid of extra energy and creates more leaves. When the plant is in shade, the protective system is turned off, but the process is slow.
Stephen Long is the lead author of the study. He compared a plant's protective system to light-adjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（镜片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. This makes it hard for plants to get the right amount of sunlight needed to create food.
The new study sped up the process. By changing the plant's genes, the protective system turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used
in the study increased. Leaf growth in two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study on tobacco plants. But they think the genetic changes will produce the same results in corn and rice.
（1）What will happen to the plants when scientists change plants' genes？
A. They will become weaker and weaker.
B. They will grow fast to produce more food.
C. They will have more beautiful flowers.
D. They will depend less on sunlight.
（2）Why does the author mention light-adjusting glasses？
A. To warn people of the hot and bright sun.
B. To explain the principle of plants' protective system.
C. To help leaves of the plants absorb sunlight.
D. To serve the science experiment smoothly.
（3）In the future, the genetic changes will be used to.
A. improve tobacco plants' quality
B. increase tobacco plants' leaves and roots
C. improve the flowers' living time
D. increase the production of corn and rice
（4）Which of the following can be the theme of this text？
A. Hacking plants for more production
B. Leaf growing more quickly
C. Double production of tobacco plants
D. Photosynthesis and production
【答案】（1）B
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家通过改变植物的基因，加快光合作用的速度，使植物叶子生长迅速，从而提高植物产量。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“ scientists have found a way to hack a plant's genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around the world. ”可知，科学家发现改变植物基因会使植物的光合作用速度加快，将来会增加全球植物的产量。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“ He compared a plant's protective system to light-adjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（镜片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. ”可知，作者提到镜片是为了说明植物的保护系统的工作原理与镜片相同。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“ But they think the genetic changes will pr oduce the same results in corn and rice. ”但是他们认为基因的改变将在玉米和水稻中产生相同的结果。

可知选D。

（4）考查主旨大意，根据文章内容可知，科学家改变植物的基因，加快光合作用的速度，使植物叶子生长迅速，从而提高植物产量。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
The Rapid Rise and Fall of Robot Babysitters
During the winter of 2017, an 18-year old college student named Canon Reeves spent much of his time trailing a knee-high robot around Fayetteville, Arkansas, as it delivered Amazon packages to students. The robot, created by a start-up called Starship Technologies in 2014, is basically a cooler on wheels; it uses radars, sensors, and nine cameras to make deliveries. Reeves's job was to monitor how it handled various grounds, field comments from the public, and press the off switch if necessary. He said, "People would also ask if it could deliver beer." It couldn't.
Broadly speaking, jobs of caring for robots fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which include maintenance, engineering and programming. The demand for people with this skill set is considerable, with 20 million to 50 million new jobs to be expected in this category by 2030, according to the Mckinsey Global Institute. In the year that ended in June 2018, had almost three times the number of positions on the recruitment committee that ended in June 2016.
Over the last year, a 34-year-old businessman named David Rodriguez spent hundreds of hours following a machine called the KiwiBot around UC Berkeley's campus while it delivered Red bull and other drinks to students. To retrieve (检索) orders, the app encourages students to give the robot a wave; the robot's digital eyes will roll depending on its mood. Rodriguez, who heads business development for the start-up, was tasked, early on, with monitoring the KiwiBot for problems – even carrying it, should the motors fail. Since April 2018, though, the KiwiBot has largely been left unattended, and the majority of human interactions involve technical checks and loading food into the robot. To eliminate the boring work, the team is developing a restaurant robot to collect and load orders – which could happen in 2020. However, Rodriguez assured me that his staff won't be out of work. Everyone holds double roles in the company. Greater robot self-governing just means employees will shift their focus to accounting, engineering, and design. Mckinsey estimates that millions of jobs globally could be lost to automation by 2030. "A huge number of jobs will be produced as autonomous vehicles are released into the environment," Ramsey said. In 2016, Bosch started training students from Schoolcraft College, a community college in Michigan, in autonomous-vehicle repair; Toyota has trained students in maintenance as well. "We might even see a return to low-level jobs where people come and fuel the car for you," Ramsey said. "Until we can wirelessly charge, someone needs to refuel them." The hardest-to-automate industries, as it happens, are the ones that require looking after humans, such as childcare, education and health care. Robot babysitters might feel like they have scored the job of the future, but in fact, they might be better positioned.
（1）What kind of robot is the one created by a start-up called Starship Technologies? A. A factory robot. B. A delivery robot. C. A restaurant robot. D. A construction robot.（2）What does "fall under the umbrella of" in Para. 2 mean?
A. are in the category of
B. are under the protection of
C. are in relation of
D. are in the process of
（3）According to Ramsey, what will happen when autonomous vehicles are put on the market?
A. Autonomous vehicles will become much cheaper.
B. A large number of people will be out of work.
C. A lot of job opportunities will be created.
D. Many people will turn to buying autonomous cars.
（4）What does the last sentence in Para. 4 mean?
A. Robot carers will have a competitive advantage in the future.
B. Many new occupations like caring for robots come and go fast.
C. We still need someone to look after robots in the future.
D. Robots will create more and better jobs for people in the future.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着机器人被越来越多的应用，照看机器人的工作
也随之发生了变化。

本文以对相关信息进行了介绍说明。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"The robot, created by a start-up called Starship Technologies in 2014, is basically a cooler on wheels; it uses radars, sensors, and nine cameras to make deliveries."可知，这款机器人是2014年由一家名为Starship Technologies的初创公司
制造的，它基本上是一种车轮上的冷却器；它使用雷达、传感器和9台摄像头进行配送。

也就是说，Starship Technologies公司创造的是一款配送物品的机器人。

故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的"which include maintenance, engineering and programming"列举了"照看机器人"的工作范畴，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的"A huge number of jobs will be produced as autonomous vehicles are released into the environment"可知，随着自动化车辆被投放到市
场，将产生大量的就业机会。

故选C。

（4）考查句义理解。

该划线句子的字面意思是：机器人保姆可能会觉得自己已经获得了
未来的工作，但事实上，他们的位置可能会更好。

根据字面意思，不难看出其隐藏的意思
为：机器人保姆占据很大的优势，他们可以在未来作更好的工作。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和句义猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅
读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑，推理，归纳，从而选出正确
答案。

7．阅读理解
Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy, allowing you to stay comfortable in a cooler room. Or, picture a car windshield that stores the sun's energy and then releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disappear.
According to a team of researchers at MIT, both cases may be possible before long, thanks to a new material that can store solar energy during the day and release it later as heat. This transparent polymer film could be applied to many different surfaces, such as window glass or
Solar energy is only available about half the time we need it — during daylight. For the sun to become a major power provider for human needs, there has to be an efficient way to save it up for use during nighttime and stormy days. Most such efforts have focused on storing and recovering solar energy in the form of electricity, but the new finding, by MlI professor Jeffrey Grossman, Postdoc David Zhitomirsky and graduate student Eugene Cho, could provide a highly efficient method for storing the sun's energy through a chemical reaction and releasing it later as heat.
The key to enabling long-term, stable storage of solar heat, the team said, is to store it in the form of a chemical change rather than storing the heat itself. But heat will disappear over time no matter how good the material around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energy in a stable molecular configuration. When exposed to sunlight, the molecules can stay that way for long periods Then, when triggered (触发)by a very specific temperature or something else, the molecules return to their original shape , giving off heat in the process.
Such chemically-based storage materials, known as Solar Thermal Fuels(STF), have been developed before. But those earlier efforts were designed to be used in liquid solutions and not able to make durable (耐用的) solid-state films. The new approach is the first based on a solid-state material, in this case a polymer, and the first based on inexpensive materials and widespread production technology.
（1）What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1?
A.To show the main idea of the passage.
B.To practice readers' imagination.
C.To interest readers in the passage.
D.To introduce a new kind of material.
（2）According to the passage, what can the polymer film do?
A.It can be made into window glass.
B.It can make necessary electricity.
C.It can store energy and release sunshine.
D.It can absorb sunshine and give off heat.
（3）According to the passage, what is STF based on?
A.The chemical reaction.
B.The movement of heat.
C.The form of electricity.
D.The physical reaction.
（4）What is the advantage of the molecular configuration?
A.It is less expensive.
B.It is very powerful.
C.It is easily available.
D.It is less changeable.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型材料，它可以通过自身吸热并储存热量，之后能够根据需要释放热。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段“Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy, allowing you to stay comfortable in a cooler room. Or, picture a car windshield that stores the sun's energy and then releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disappear. ”想象一下你的衣服可以释放足够的热量让你温暖和舒适，让你可以在冰冷的房间里保持舒适。

或者，再想象一下车的挡风玻璃可以储存太阳的能量，然后释放热量使挡风玻璃上的冰消失)可推测，本段以衣服和骑车挡风玻璃为例，提到了如果衣服能够吸热和放热、汽车的挡风玻璃能够吸热和自动除冰那该是多么好的事，以此来吸引对着对本文的兴趣。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“thanks to a new material that can store solar energy during the day and release it later as heat. This transparent polymer film could be applied to many diff erent surfaces, such as window glass or clothing. ”多亏了这种能在白天吸热之后以热能形式释放的新型材料，这个透明的聚合物膜可以应用于许多不同的表面，如窗户玻璃或服装)可知，这种聚合物膜可以吸热，此后再以热能的形式释放出来。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Such chemically-based storage materials, known as Solar Thermal Fuels(STF), have been developed before. ”这种以化学反应为基础的储存材料，即太阳能热燃料(STF)，以前就已经被开发出来了，可知，STF是以化学反应为基础。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“But heat will disappear over time no matter how good the material around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energy in a stable mol ecular configuration. ”但是热量会随着时间的推移而消失，不管周围的物质有多好，所以研究小组建立了一个化学储存系统，可以将能量保持在一个稳定的分子结构中)可推断，这种分子结构的优势是相对稳定。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Darrell Blatchley, a marine biologist and environmentalist based in the Philippine city of Davao, received a call from the Philippines, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (渔业与水产资源局) early Friday morning reporting a death of a young whale.
When the necropsy (尸检) was performed, Blatchley told NPR, he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale's stomach. "It was full of plastic nothing but nonstop plastic." he said "It was filled to the point that its stomach was as hard as a baseball." That means that this animal has been suffering not for days or weeks but for months or even a year or more," Blatchley added.
Blatchley is the founder and owner of the D'Bone Collector Museum, a natural history museum in Davao. In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale's system.。