路由器逆向分析------binwalk工具的安装

路由器逆向分析------binwalk⼯具的安装⼀、binwalk⼯具运⾏⽀持的平台
Operating System Core Support Optional Feature Support Ease of Installation
Linux Excellent Excellent Very easy
OSX Excellent Good Very easy
FreeBSD Experimental Unknown Very easy
Windows Experimental Poor Very easy
在Linux下使⽤binwalk⼯具效果最佳，坑最少；推荐在ubuntu系统下安装和使⽤binwalk⼯具。

⼆、binwalk⼯具的简单安装
Installation
Binwalk follows the standard Python installation procedure:
$ sudo python setup.py install
If you're running Python 2.x, you'll also want to install the Python lzma module:
$ sudo apt-get install python-lzma
在binwalk⼯具的简单安装之前，需要在ubuntu系统上安装好python，binwalk⼯具简单安装的命令过程如下：
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf git
$ git clone https:///devttys0/binwalk
$ cd binwalk
$ sudo python setup.py install
# 如果安装的是 python 2.x，还需要安装python-lzma模块
$ sudo apt-get install python-lzma
binwalk⼯具的详细使⽤帮助说明：
Binwalk v2.1.2b
Craig Heffner,
Usage: binwalk [OPTIONS] [FILE1] [FILE2] [FILE3] ...
Disassembly Scan Options:
-Y, --disasm Identify the CPU architecture of a file using the capstone disassembler
-T, --minsn=<int> Minimum number of consecutive instructions to be considered valid (default: 500)
-k, --continue Don't stop at the first match
Signature Scan Options:
-B, --signature Scan target file(s) for common file signatures
-R, --raw=<str> Scan target file(s) for the specified sequence of bytes
-A, --opcodes Scan target file(s) for common executable opcode signatures
-m, --magic=<file> Specify a custom magic file to use
-b, --dumb Disable smart signature keywords
-I, --invalid Show results marked as invalid
-x, --exclude=<str> Exclude results that match <str>
-y, --include=<str> Only show results that match <str>
Extraction Options:
-e, --extract Automatically extract known file types
-D, --dd=<type:ext:cmd> Extract <type> signatures, give the files an extension of <ext>, and execute <cmd>
-M, --matryoshka Recursively scan extracted files
-d, --depth=<int> Limit matryoshka recursion depth (default: 8 levels deep)
-C, --directory=<str> Extract files/folders to a custom directory (default: current working directory)
-j, --size=<int> Limit the size of each extracted file
-n, --count=<int> Limit the number of extracted files
-r, --rm Delete carved files after extraction
-z, --carve Carve data from files, but don't execute extraction utilities
Entropy Analysis Options:
-E, --entropy Calculate file entropy
-F, --fast Use faster, but less detailed, entropy analysis
-J, --save Save plot as a PNG
-Q, --nlegend Omit the legend from the entropy plot graph
-N, --nplot Do not generate an entropy plot graph
-H, --high=<float> Set the rising edge entropy trigger threshold (default: 0.95)
-L, --low=<float> Set the falling edge entropy trigger threshold (default: 0.85)
Raw Compression Options:
-X, --deflate Scan for raw deflate compression streams
-Z, --lzma Scan for raw LZMA compression streams
-P, --partial Perform a superficial, but faster, scan
-S, --stop Stop after the first result
Binary Diffing Options:
-W, --hexdump Perform a hexdump / diff of a file or files
-G, --green Only show lines containing bytes that are the same among all files
-i, --red Only show lines containing bytes that are different among all files
-U, --blue Only show lines containing bytes that are different among some files
-w, --terse Diff all files, but only display a hex dump of the first file
General Options:
-l, --length=<int> Number of bytes to scan
-o, --offset=<int> Start scan at this file offset
-O, --base=<int> Add a base address to all printed offsets
-K, --block=<int> Set file block size
-g, --swap=<int> Reverse every n bytes before scanning
-f, --log=<file> Log results to file
-c, --csv Log results to file in CSV format
-t, --term Format output to fit the terminal window
-q, --quiet Suppress output to stdout
-v, --verbose Enable verbose output
-h, --help Show help output
-a, --finclude=<str> Only scan files whose names match this regex
-p, --fexclude=<str> Do not scan files whose names match this regex
-s, --status=<int> Enable the status server on the specified port
binwalk的简单安装功能有限，只能将对设备的固件进⾏⽂件组成格式的分析和设备的⽂件系统进⾏提取，不能对提取后的设备⽂件系统进⾏解压处理。

要binwalk⼯具能对提取后的设备⽂件系统进⾏解压还需要安装binwalk⼯具需要的依赖库和组件⼯具。

使⽤binwalk⼯具对设备的固件进⾏⽂件组成格式的分析（以路由器固件的分析为例）：
$ binwalk firmware.bin | head
分析结果如图：
使⽤binwalk⼯具对设备的固件⽂件系统进⾏提取（以路由器固件的分析为例）：
$ binwalk -e firmware.bin
# 或者
$ binwalk -Me firmware.bin
⽂件系统的提取结果如图：
从上⾯的提取结果来看，binwalk虽然对路由器固件的⽂件系统squashfs提取成功，但是⽂件系统squashfs解压却失败，主要的原因是因为binwalk⼯具的安装不完整，后⾯会提到binwalk⼯具的完整安装。

当然了，binwalk还有⼀种更简单的直接安装⽅式：
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install binwalk
参考⽹址：
三、binwalk⼯具的完整安装
Before You Start
Binwalk supports Python 2.7 - 3.x. Although most systems have Python2.7 set as their default Python interpreter, binwalk does run faster in Python3. Installation procedures for both are provided below.
Installation
Installation follows the typical Python installation procedure:
# Python2.7
$ sudo python setup.py install
# Python3.x
$ sudo python3 setup.py install
NOTE: Older versions of binwalk (e.g., v1.0) are not compatible with the latest version of binwalk. It is strongly recommended that you uninstall any existing binwalk installations before installing the latest version in order to avoid API conflicts.
Dependencies
Besides a Python interpreter, there are no installation dependencies for binwalk. All dependencies are optional run-time dependencies, and unless otherwise specified, are available from most Linux package managers.
Although all binwalk run-time dependencies are optional, the python-lzma module is highly recommended for improving the reliability of signature scans. This module is included by default in Python3, but must be installed separately for Python2.7:
$ sudo apt-get install python-lzma
Binwalk uses the pycrypto library to decrypt some known encrypted firmware images:
# Python2.7
$ sudo apt-get install python-crypto
# Python3.x
$ sudo apt-get install python3-crypto
Binwalk uses to generate graphs and visualizations, which requires the following:
# Python2.7
$ sudo apt-get install libqt4-opengl python-opengl python-qt4 python-qt4-gl python-numpy python-scipy python-pip
$ sudo pip install pyqtgraph
# Python3.x
$ sudo apt-get install libqt4-opengl python3-opengl python3-pyqt4 python3-pyqt4.qtopengl python3-numpy python3-scipy python3-pip
$ sudo pip3 install pyqtgraph
Binwalk's --disasm option requires the disassembly framework and its corresponding Python bindings:
# Python2.7
$ sudo apt-get install python-pip
$ sudo pip install capstone
# Python3.x
$ sudo apt-get install python3-pip
$ sudo pip3 install capstone
Binwalk relies on multiple external utilties in order to automatically extract/decompress files and data:
# Install standard extraction utilities
$ sudo apt-get install mtd-utils gzip bzip2 tar arj lhasa p7zip p7zip-full cabextract cramfsprogs cramfsswap squashfs-tools
# Install sasquatch to extract non-standard SquashFS images
$ sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev liblzo2-dev
$ git clone https:///devttys0/sasquatch
$ (cd sasquatch && ./build.sh)
# Install jefferson to extract JFFS2 file systems
$ sudo pip install cstruct
$ git clone https:///sviehb/jefferson
$ (cd jefferson && sudo python setup.py install)
# Install ubi_reader to extract UBIFS file systems
$ sudo apt-get install liblzo2-dev python-lzo
$ git clone https:///jrspruitt/ubi_reader
$ (cd ubi_reader && sudo python setup.py install)
# Install yaffshiv to extract YAFFS file systems
$ git clone https:///devttys0/yaffshiv
$ (cd yaffshiv && sudo python setup.py install)
# Install unstuff (closed source) to extract StuffIt archive files
$ wget -O - /downloads/files/stuffit520.611linux-i386.tar.gz | tar -zxv
$ sudo cp bin/unstuff /usr/local/bin/
Note that for Debian/Ubuntu users, all of the above dependencies can be installed automatically using the included deps.sh script:
$ sudo ./deps.sh
binwalk⼯具的快速安装和使⽤⽅式，参考官⽅的链接：
Quick Start Guide
Peter Wu edited this page on 21 May 2016 ·
Pages 12
Clone this wiki locally
https:///devttys0/binwalk.wiki.git
Installation
Download binwalk:
$ wget https:///devttys0/binwalk/archive/master.zip
$ unzip master.zip
Install binwalk; if you have a previously installed version of binwalk, it is suggested that you uninstall it before upgrading:
$ (cd binwalk-master && sudo python setup.py uninstall && sudo python setup.py install)
Debian users can install all optional and suggested extractors/dependencies using the included deps.sh script (recommended):
$ sudo ./binwalk-master/deps.sh
If you are not a Debian user, or if you wish to install only selected dependencies, see the documentation for more details.
Scanning Firmware
The primary - and by far the most popular - feature of binwalk is its signature scanning.
Binwalk can scan a firmware image for many different embedded file types and file systems; just give it a list of files to scan:
$ binwalk firmware.bin
DECIMAL HEX DESCRIPTION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 0x0 DLOB firmware header, boot partition: "dev=/dev/mtdblock/2"
112 0x70 LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D, dictionary size: 33554432 bytes, uncompressed size: 3797616 bytes
1310832 0x140070 PackImg section delimiter tag, little endian size: 13644032 bytes; big endian size: 3264512 bytes
1310864 0x140090 Squashfs filesystem, little endian, version 4.0, compression:lzma, size: 3264162 bytes, 1866 inodes, blocksize: 65536 bytes, created: Tue Apr 3 04:12:22 2012 File Extraction
You can tell binwalk to extract any files that it finds in the firmware image with the -e option:
$ binwalk -e firmware.bin
Binwalk will even recursively scan files as it extracts them if you also specify the -M option:
$ binwalk -Me firmware.bin
And if the -r option is specified, any file signatures that couldn't be extracted - or that resulted in 0-size files - will be automatically deleted:
$ binwalk -Mre firmware.bin
To extract one specific signature type, specify one or more options:
$ binwalk -D 'png image:png' firmware.bin
Entropy Analysis
What happens if binwalk doesn't report any signatures? Or, how do you know binwalk didn't miss anything interesting?
Entropy analysis can help identify interesting sections of data inside a firmware image:
$ binwalk -E firmware.bin
HINT: You can combine other scans with the entropy scan. For example, you can combine a signature scan with an entropy scan:
$ binwalk -B -E firmware.bin
DECIMAL HEX DESCRIPTION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36625 0x8F11 Zlib header, default compression
binwalk⼯具完整安装⽅式的整理，以python 2.7的安装为例，python 3.x的安装类似。

1.最懒的⽅式，⾃动安装依赖库和组件⼯具。

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf git
$ git clone https:///devttys0/binwalk.git
$ cd binwalk
# python2.7安装
$ sudo python setup.py install
# ⾃动安装依赖库⽂件
$ sudo ./deps.sh
2.快速安装⽅式，⾃动安装依赖库和组件⼯具。

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf git
# https:///devttys0/binwalk/wiki/Quick-Start-Guide
$ wget https:///devttys0/binwalk/archive/master.zip
$ unzip master.zip
$ (cd binwalk-master && sudo python setup.py uninstall && sudo python setup.py install)
# ⾃动安装依赖库⽂件和⼯具组件
$ sudo ./binwalk-master/deps.sh
3.有选择性的安装binwalk的依赖库⽂件和组件⼯具。

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf git
# https:///devttys0/binwalk/blob/master/INSTALL.md
$ git clone https:///devttys0/binwalk.git
$ cd binwalk
# python2.7安装
$ sudo python setup.py install
# python2.7⼿动安装依赖库
$ sudo apt-get install python-lzma
$ sudo apt-get install python-crypto
$ sudo apt-get install libqt4-opengl python-opengl python-qt4 python-qt4-gl python-numpy python-scipy python-pip
$ sudo pip install pyqtgraph
$ sudo apt-get install python-pip
$ sudo pip install capstone
# Install standard extraction utilities（必选）
$ sudo apt-get install mtd-utils gzip bzip2 tar arj lhasa p7zip p7zip-full cabextract cramfsprogs cramfsswap squashfs-tools # Install sasquatch to extract non-standard SquashFS images（必选）
$ sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev liblzo2-dev
$ git clone https:///devttys0/sasquatch
$ (cd sasquatch && ./build.sh)
# Install jefferson to extract JFFS2 file systems（可选）
$ sudo pip install cstruct
$ git clone https:///sviehb/jefferson
$ (cd jefferson && sudo python setup.py install)
# Install ubi_reader to extract UBIFS file systems（可选）
$ sudo apt-get install liblzo2-dev python-lzo
$ git clone https:///jrspruitt/ubi_reader
$ (cd ubi_reader && sudo python setup.py install)
# Install yaffshiv to extract YAFFS file systems（可选）
$ git clone https:///devttys0/yaffshiv
$ (cd yaffshiv && sudo python setup.py install)
# Install unstuff (closed source) to extract StuffIt archive files（可选）
$ wget -O - /downloads/files/stuffit520.611linux-i386.tar.gz | tar -zxv
$ sudo cp bin/unstuff /usr/local/bin/
四、binwalk IDA plugin插件⼯具的安装
Installing the IDA Plugin
If IDA is installed on your system, you may optionally install the binwalk IDA plugin:
$ python setup.py idainstall --idadir=/home/user/ida
Likewise, the binwalk IDA plugin can be uninstalled:
$ python setup.py idauninstall --idadir=/home/user/ida
Usage
Once installed, there will be two new menu options in IDA's Search drop-down menu list:
1. binwalk signatures - Scans the loaded IDB for file signatures
2. binwalk opcodes - Scans the loaded IDB for common opcode signatures
Results are printed to IDA's output window:
五、binwalk⼯具的卸载
Uninstalling Binwalk
If binwalk has been installed to a standard system location (e.g., via setup.py install), it can be removed by running:
# Python2.7
$ sudo python setup.py uninstall
# Python3
$ sudo python3 setup.py uninstall
Note that this does not remove any of the manually installed dependencies.。