表语同位语从句
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表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。
其基本结构为:主语+ 系动词+ that从句。
例如:
This is how we got out of troubl e then.
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is whereour proble m lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meetin g. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looksas if it is goingto rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
My anger i s because he often tells lies.
【注意】
I.表示“是否”时。
表语从句的引导词只用w h ether。
The questi on is whethe r we can trust him.
II.That引导表语从句时,通常不省略,但在口语中也可省略或“,”代替that。
Ⅲ当主语是re ason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是b ecaus e。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the trainby one minute this mornin g .
表语从句用连接代词、连接副词和从属连词th at, whether, as if, because引导The impressi on he makes on me is________________________(他是个可靠的人。
)
That’s ____________________________(正是我们所担心的)
That is____________________(他出生的地方)
The reason____________________(她这么成功)i s_____________________(她既聪明又勤奋)
同位语从句
同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。
通常由tha t引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advi ce、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、inform ation、messag e、news、order、proble m、possib ility、reason、belief、promis e、questi on、reques t、sugges tion、truth、wish、word等。
如: The news that we won the game is exciti ng. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The though t came to him that Mary had probab ly fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
They are famili ar with the opinio n that all matter consis ts of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。
1、从先行词来看
同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。
该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。
例如:
They were deligh ted at the news that theirteam had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。
2、从引导词来看
引导词tha t在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。
试比较:
The factor y(that)we visite d yester day is a chemic al one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。
(that在从句中作宾语,所以此句是定语从句)
The news that he will leavefor Shangh ai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。
(that只起连接从句的作用,所以此句是同位语从句)
3、引导同位语从句表示“是否”时,只用whether。
The proble m whethe r we should contin ue this experi ment has been solved. There i s no doubt_____________________________(汽车的价格会下降)
The questi on ____________________________(谁该获这个奖)requir es considerati o n.
I have no idea________________________________(我应该选哪一个)
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
①同位语从句是对前面的名词(包含有内容,如前文出现过的)补充说明;定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰限定作用(tree ,person , house)。
②that作为关系代词,在同位语从句中只起连接作用,不担任句子成分,不可以省略;在定语从句中的that除了起引导作用外还在定语从句中担任主语或宾语或表语,任宾语时可以省略。
区别:
The news that is spreadi ng around the airpor t is that a heavy snow is comin g.(同位语从句)
The news that the plane would take off on time made everyb ody happy.(定语从句)
The news that he will come is true.(同位语从句)
The news(that)he told US is true.(定语从句)
I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book givesyou of life in ancien t Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)。