2019版高三英语北师大版一轮教师用书：第1部分 选修8 Unit 22 Environmental Protection Word版含解析

Unit 22Environmental Protection
(对应学生用书第151页)
[单词拼写应用]
Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记
1．trap v t. 使困住
2．principle n. 原则，道德准则
3．beyond prep. 超出
4．relevant adj.有关的
5．coincidence n. 巧合
6．condemn v t.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；宣判7．advocate v t.主张，提倡
8．recycle v t.回收利用
9．substitute n. 代替品，代用品
10．seize v t.依法没收；(用武力)夺取11．means n. 方式，方法；手段12．potential n. 可能性，潜在性
13．botanical adj.植物(的)
14．corrupt adj.贪污受贿的，腐败的15．conservation n. 保护
16．consensus n. 一致的意见
17．sacrifice v t.&v i.牺牲，献出
18．catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难
19．negative adj.消极的，负面的
20．fragile adj.脆弱的；易毁的21．valid adj.有充分理由的22．evolution n. (生物)进化
Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别
1．adopt v t.采用
→adoption n. 收养；采用2．reserve v t.保留；预约
n. 保护区
→reserved adj.预订的；保留的→reservation n. 保护3．agriculture n. 农业
→agricultural adj.农业的4．threat n. 威胁
→threaten v t.威胁5．change v．&n. 变化
→changeable adj.多变的6．separate v. 分开
adj.分开的
→separation n. 分离，分开7．construct v t.建造
→construction n. 建造8．finance n. 资金
→financial adj.财政的；金融的9．allocate v t.分配，配给
→allocation n. 分配，配给10．politics n. 政治(活动)
→political adj.政治的
→politician n. 政治家11．sharp adj.锋利的
→sharpen v t.&v i.削尖
→sharpener n. 卷笔刀
12．consider v. 思考；认为
→considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的
→consideration n. 考虑；思考
→considering prep. 考虑到；鉴于
13．calculate v t.计算，算出
→calculation n. 计算
→calculator n. 计算器
Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．We supported each other financially(finance) and by showing up at events.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
2．Agricultural(agriculture) development simply must precede economic development.
3．Some members of the committee expressed reservations(reserve) about the proposal.
4．The incident threatened(threat) to ruin his chances in the election.
5．Market is an effective means in allocation (allocate) of resources.
6．My calculation(calculate) is based on notional figures，since the actual figures are not yet available.
7．Considering his young age，it is quite considerate of him to consider other people before making decisions.(consider)
8．After a long separation，they both lived a separate life and in the end they separated peacefully.(separate)
9．A new bridge is being constructed over the river and its construction will be finished next year.(construct)
10．It is not safe to let the child sharpen his pencil using the sharp sharpener．(sharp) [拓展联想]
Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写
1．a number of 一些
2．beyond one's control 超出……的控制，不受……的控制3．in turn 依次；反过来
4．lead to 引起，导致
5．ahead of 在……前面
6．apart from 除……以外
7．answer for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任8．call for an end to sth. 要求结束……
9．on one's behalf 代表……
10．carry off 掠去，夺走
11．all in all 总的来说
12．earn one's living 谋生
13．as a matter of fact 实际上
14．break away from 摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织) 15．look ahead 展望未来，向前看
16．take action 采取行动
Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)
1．It was his carelessness that led to his failure in the exam.
2．Language is the carrier of culture and in turn it's influenced by culture. 3．Nowadays many teenagers want to break away from their parents and live a life free from being controlled.
4．If you drive this car without a licence，you'll have to answer for the consequences. 5．I thought we'd be late for the concert，but we ended up getting there ahead of time. 6．The young man made a promise to his parents that he would try to earn his living after graduation.
7．As a matter of fact，I've never been there before.
8．Mr Knight cannot be here，so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf．9．Thieves carried off the farmer's sheep during the night.
10．His idea is to look ahead and make a good plan.
11．A number of students were absent from the meeting for various reasons.
12．It's beyond my control to fall in love with you.
[拓展联想]
[句式结构仿写]
(对应学生用书第153页) 精讲6个考纲单词
trap v ．使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境 n ．陷阱；圈套；捕捉器
[教材原句] Because of the greenhouse effect ，the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使得地球气温上升。

钱都投资到一个地方，那样做不明智。

②She was trapped (trap) in the burning house at that moment.那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。

③I was trapped into admitting (admit) I had done something wrong.我被诱骗承认我做错了事。

reserve v．贮存；保留；预订
n．[C]储备；贮藏；保护区
[教材原句]Breweries are often built in nature reserves.酿酒厂经常建在自然保护区。

我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。

②Margaret made a reservation(reserve) at/in her favorite hotel in Singapore.
玛格丽特订了她在新加坡最喜欢的饭店。

③It is advisable to keep some food reserved (reserve) in case of emergency.
储备一些食物以防万一是明智的。

链接写作
【导学号：33220079】你需要提前订票吗？
①Do you have to reserve tickets in advance? (reserve)
②Do you have to make a reservation of tickets in advance? (reservation)
advocate vt.主张，提倡n．提倡者，拥护者
[经典例句]The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.(牛津词典)
报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。

earthquake-stricken area.
我们提倡在学校里的每个人都为地震灾区捐些钱。

②Many experts advocate rewarding (reward) your child for good behaviour.
很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。

③She has always been an advocate of/for changes to English spelling，to make it easier to learn.她一贯主张对英语的拼写进行改革，使之更易于学习。

substitute vt.&vi.(用……)替代；取代
n．代替品，代用品
[高考佳句]Unfortunately，you must carry the necessary equipment with you，since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)不幸地是，你必须携带必要的设备，因为你不可能找到天然的替代品。

人的离去令她伤心痛哭，她正想找一个人填补内心的空缺。

②We substitute the red balls for the blue ones，to see if the baby would notice.＝We substitute the blue balls with/by the red ones，to see if the baby would notice.我们用
红色球代替蓝色球，看是否能够引起宝宝的注意。

means n．方式，方法；手段
[高考佳句]But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.(2017·江苏高考)但他将提供几年的时间让农民在此期间有可能找到其他的适应办法。

总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚。

②Only by this means is it possible to persuade him.
只有用这种方法才能说服他。

③By no means can teaching in school be separated from practice.
学校教学决不能脱离实践。

④As is known to us all，Ye Shiwen succeeded by means of hard working.
众所周知，叶诗文依靠刻苦训练而获得成功。

【导学号：33220080】如果不了解唐朝的历史，你是绝不会理解唐诗的。

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
①(普通句式)If you don't know something about the history of the Tang Dynasty，you can't understand Tang Peoms.
②(高级句式)If you don't know something about the history of the Tang Dynasty，by no means can you understand Tang Peoms.
threaten vt.威胁；恐吓
[经典例句]They threatened to close our credit lines if we don't reduce the amount
of carbon dioxide we produce.如果我们不降低二氧化碳的排放数量，他们威胁说将取消我们的信用额度。

The terrorists are threatening to blow(blow)up the hijacked airliner.
恐怖分子扬言要炸毁劫持的客机。

②Will a rising China become a threat to western interests？崛起的中国会对西方利益有威胁吗？
adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养
[经典例句]All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.(牛津词典)
三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。

那位参议员极力反对采取这项措施。

②He is my adopted son and I'm his adoptive father.(adopt)
他是我的养子，我是他的养父。

He couldn't adapt his way of life to the company.
他的生活方式无法适应公司的要求。

链接写作
(普通表达)After he adopted a new way，the problem was solved.
①(高级表达)With a new way adopted，the problem was solved. (with复合宾语)
②(高级表达)Having adopted a new way，he solved the problem. (现在分词短语作状语)
诠释2个核心短语
refer to涉及；谈到；参考；查阅；关于；提及
[经典例句]We agreed never to refer to the matter again.(朗文辞典)
我们同意永远不再提这件事。

我们的经济被称作自由市场经济。

②In reference to your question about cost，the tickets for the film are 35 yuan each.关于你咨询的费用问题，这部电影的票价是每张35元。

③The result of the research is for reference only.
这个研究结果仅供参考。

lead to引起，导致；通向；造成(后果)
[高考佳句]Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science.(2016·浙江高考·阅读理解C)
研究婴儿的玩耍可能会对科学有更好的理解。

①This has led scientists to think out other solutions to the problem.这就使得科学家想出其他解决问题的方法。

②He decided to lead a new life after the unusual experience.
经过这次不平常的经历后，他决定过一种新的生活。

③The receptionist led the way to the boardroom.
接待员领路来到董事会会议室。

是酒驾导致了那场事故。

It was drunk driving that led to/contributed to/caused/resulted in/brought about the accident.
突破1个高考句型
(教材P6)Without these naturally occurring gases，the sun's rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.
如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空中去，地球将处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。

介词短语Without these naturally occurring gases代替虚拟条件句，用来表达虚拟的事实。

有时表假设的情况隐含在一些词或短语中(如otherwise，but for，or等) ①Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat，the earth at night would be freezing cold，too cold for us to live on.如果没有大气保持太阳的热量，夜晚的地球将会非常寒冷，冷得让我们无法生存。

②He was busy yesterday，or he would have helped (help) you with your experiment. 他昨天很忙，要不然他就会帮助你做实验的。

链接写作
【导学号：33220081】(普通表达)I couldn't have finished the work so soon without your help.
①(高级表达)I couldn't have finished the work so soon if you hadn't helped me.(用if 从句改写)
②(高级表达)I couldn't have finished the work so soon if it hadn't been for your
help.(用if it had not been for改写)
③(高级表达)I couldn't have finished the work so soon but for your help.(用but for 改写)
[多角快练]——练单词练短语练句型————————————————
(对应学生用书第155页)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They were able to position the ships by means of radar.
2．The book referred (refer) to last time has been sold out.
3．The old computer doesn't work；we must substitute a new one for it.
4．A number of high buildings have arisen (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
5．As teachers，we should be considerate (consider) of our students' feelings.And then they will trust us.
6．The child asked his mother if/whether he could go out to play tennis.
7．Given (give) that there is no traffic delay，I will be here on time.
8．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond recognition.
9．It is said that he is the only one of the students that was praised (praise) at the meeting.
10．March 1970 found (find) me working in a small constructional firm.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Having trapped in the traffic jam for hours，he became impatient.
Having后加been
2．The newer will be the substitute with me as your English teacher.
with→for
3．We must obey the principle all men are innocent until they are proved guilty.
principle后加that
4．The policeman seized the thief by his arm immediately.
his→the
5．Pupils should be helped to adapt a positive approach to the environment.
adapt→adopt
6．“It's such a nice place，”Mother said as she sat at the table reserving for customers.
reserving→reserved
7．In the past few years thousands of films have produced all over the world.
have后加been
8．Pack ice around Iceland was becoming a threat with navigation.
with→to
(对应学生用书第156页)
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
请根据Lesson 1的课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In the last few decades，it has been reported that Earth's climate 1.is being changed(change) and human beings will face global warming.Global warming refers to 2.an average increase in the Earth's temperature that，in turn，leads to climate change.Over the last 100 years，the global average temperature 3.has increased (increase) by 1 and many experts insist that the blame 4.for this global warming can 5.mostly (most) be pinned on human activities.6.Thelink between human activities and 7.rising(rise) global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.8.If we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge 9.quantities(quantity)，we are condemning life on ernments all over the world have a 10.responsibility (responsible) to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide. Ⅱ.写作改错双练
请根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。

1．上周一见证了来自自然保护区的一头狮子挣脱牢笼逃离动物园，此事引起了人们的恐慌。

(see，reserve，break away from，flee，lead to，panic)
2．据说失去控制的狮子非常危险。

(beyond control)
3．鉴于人们的生命受到威胁，警方主张孩子们除了乘车上学外均须待在家里。

(give that，threaten，advocate that，apart from)
4．最终，因为警方采用一位猎人的方法，把这头狮子困在了陷阱里。

(adopt，means，trap)
5．要是没有这位猎人的帮助，这头狮子不会这么快被捉住。

(without，be caught) 第一步练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。

第二步练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处错误，请你帮他纠正过来。

Last Monday saw that a lion from the natural reserve led to a panic, it broke away from its cage and fled the zoo. It was believed that the lion beyond control will be very dangerous. Given that people's lives were threatened, the police advocated that, apart from go to school by the bus, children should stay at home. In the end, the police trapped the lion in a trap by adopting a hunter's means. Without the hunter's help, the lion couldn't have been caught so easy.
【答案】
Last Monday saw that a lion from the natural reserve led to a panic,
it which
broke away from its cage and fled the zoo. It was believed that the lion beyond
control
will
would be very dangerous. Given that people's lives were threatened, the
police advocated that, apart from
go
going to school by ﹨
the bus, children should stay at
home. In the end, the police trapped the lion in a trap by adopting a hunter's means.
Without the hunter's help, the lion couldn't have been caught so
easy easily.。