2023考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(三)

2023考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(三)
2023考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(三)
Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists
focus on the way in which individuals, groups,
business enterprises, and gover____ents seek to
achieve efficiently any economic objective they select.
(1) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.
The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of national ine and employment.
Economic issues have occupied people’s minds throughout the ages. (4) Aristotle and Plato in
ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade, both of whom were prejudiced
against merce, feeling that to live by trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade.
(5) During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded merce as inferior to agriculture.
Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), by the
Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics of Smith and his 19th-century successors.
答案
1.其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解：心理学和伦理学试图解释目的是如何形成的，历史记录着人们所追求的目的的变化，社会学那么从社会环境的角度来解释人们的行为。

2.第一个领域，价格理论或微观经济学，解释在竞争的市场中供需间的互相作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的变化。

3.因为，按照凯恩斯的理论，不充分的总体需求会增加失业，建议的解决方式是企业扩大投资或政府增加开支，继而增加预算赤字。

4.古希腊的亚里士多德和柏图都在著作中谈到财富、财产和贸易问题，两人都对商业持有偏见，认为靠生意来谋生是缺乏取的。

5.在中世纪，罗马天主的经济学思想表达在其教法中，教法谴责从借贷中获利的行为，并认为商业地位劣于农业。

总体分析^p
本文主要介绍了经济学的研究开展历史。

第一段：经济学的定义及研究对象。

第二、三段：经济学的两大领域：微观经济学和宏观经济学。

第四、五段：经济学研究的古代和现代理论。

试题精解
1.[精解] 此题考核的知识点是：并列分句、后置定语。

该句子中冒号后是并列的三个简单句。

第一个分句中how 引导的从句做explain的宾语第二个和第三个分句中都有介词in的短语做后置定语，翻译时应提早。

词汇方面：contribute to意为“是……的原因增进，有助于”knowledge意为“知识知晓，理解”，文中活译为“对…的理解”。

2.[精解] 此题考核的知识点是：宾语从句、状语。

句子的主干是The first explains how…。

主语后的名
词短语price theory or microeconomics是其同位语，因此翻译the first时，应增译为“第一个领域”。

how引导宾语从句，其主干是the interplay … creates …。

介词短语in petitive markets做地点状语，翻译时应前置。

词汇方面：interplay意为“互相影响”a multitude of 意为“许多的，大量的”individual意为“个别的，单独
的，个人的”margin意为“(时间、空间、金钱的)余地”，profit margin指“利润空间”。

3.[精解] 此题考核的知识点是：词性转换。

该句是包含原因状语从句的复合句,句子主干是the indicated cure is…,表语由并列连词either … or…连
接。

4.[精解] 此题考核的知识点是：定语从句、分词做状语。

主句是Aristotle and … wrote about problems …，后面接有both of whom引导的定语从句，采用拆译法单独成句。

句子最后的分词构造feeling that …在定语从句中做状语，翻译时也应单独成句，that后引导的是宾语从句，做feeling的宾语。

词汇方面：be prejudiced against意为“对…有偏见”，undesirable意为“不想要的，不得人心的”。

5.[精解] 此题考核的知识点是：非谓语动词作后置定语、定语从句。

该句含有which引导的非限定性从句做定语，翻译时拆开单独成句，并重复先行词，做从句的主语。

词汇方面：condemn意为“谴责”，taking of interest 是动名词构造，可增译为“获利的行为”。