福建省三明市三地三校联考高二(下)期中英语试卷

高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
It was the summer of 1965. DeLuca, then 17, visited Peter Buck, a family friend．Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future. "I'm going to college, but I need a way to pay for it，" DeLuca recalls，saying "Buck said,‘You should open a sandwich shop.'"
That afternoon, they agreed to be partners. And they set a goal：to open 32 stores in ten years. After doing some research, Buck wrote a check for﹩1000.De Luca rented a storefront（店面）in Connecticut,and when they couldn't cover their start-up costs，Buck kicked in another ﹩1000.
But business didn't go smoothly as they expected. DeLuca says, "After six months，we were doing poorly, but we didn't know how badly, because we didn't have any financial controls." All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.
DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time. Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York．They'd meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running. "We convinced ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public,‘We are so successful, we are opening a second store." And they did-in the spring of 1966. Still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error.
But the partners' learn-as-you-go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. Every Friday, DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers. "It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn' t necessary, but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well,and the personal relationships established really helped out," DeLuca says.
And having a goal was also important. "There are so many problems that can get you down. You just have to keep working toward your goal," DeLuca adds.
DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich, the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.
1.DeLuca opened the first sandwich shop in order to ______ ．
A. pay for his college education
B. support his family
C. help his partner expand business
D. do some research
2.They decided to open a second store probably because they ______ ．
A. had enough money to do it．
B. had succeeded in their business
C. wanted to make people believe that they were successful
D. wished to meet the increasing demand of customers
3.What contribute most to their success according to the author？______
A. Making friends with suppliers．
B. Learning by trial and error．
C. Finding a good partner．
D. Opening chain stores．
B
Welcome to your future life! You get up in the morning and look into the mirror．Your face is firm and young-looking．In 2035，medical technology is better than ever．Many people your age could live to be 150，so at 40，you're not old at all．And your parents just had an anti-aging treatment．Now，all three of look the same age!
You say to your shirt，"Turn red．"It changes from blue to red．In 2035，"smart clothes"contain particles（粒子）much smaller than the cells in your body．The particles can be programmed to change clothes'color or pattern．
You walk into the kitchen．You pick up the milk，but a voice says，"You shouldn't drink that!"Your fridge has read the chip （芯片）that contains information about the milk，and it knows the milk is old．In 2035，every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip．It's time to go to work．In 2035，cars drive themselves．Just tell your"smart car"where to go．On the way，you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve．Such"smart technology"is all around you．
So will all these things come true？"For new technology to succeed，"says scientist Andrew Zolli，"it has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already．"The Internet is one example-what will be the next？
4.We can learn from the text that in the future ______ ．
A. people will never get old
B. everyone will look the same
C. red will be the most popular color
D. clothes will be able to change their pattern
5.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4？______
A. Milk will be harmful to health．
B. More drinks will be available for sale．
C. Food in the grocery store will carry electronic information．
D. Milk in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer．
6.Which of the following is mentioned in the text？______
A. Nothing can replace the Internet．
B. Fridges will know what people need．
C. Jacked sleeves can be used as a guide．
D. Cars will be able to drive automatically．
7.What is the text mainly about？______
A. Food and clothing in 2035．
B. Future technology in everyday life．
C. Medical treatments of the future．
D. The reason for the success of new technology．
C
There are an extremely large number of antsworldwide．Each individual （个体的）ant hardly weigh anything，but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind．They also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles．Foranimals their size，ants have been astonishingly successful，largely due to their wonderfulsocial behavior．
In colonies （群体）that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions，they organize their lives with a clear division of labor．Even more amazing is how they achievethis level of organization．Where we use sound and sight to communicate，ants dependprimarily on pheromone （外激素），chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tastedby fellow members of their colony．When an ant finds food，it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is．When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying，it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit．
In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal．They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves，attacking in large groups and overcoming their target．Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy．Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，these little creatures have survived on Earth，for more than 140 million years，far longer than dinosaurs．Because they think as one，they have a collective （集体的）intelligence greater than you would expect from itsindividual parts．
8.We can learn from the passage that ants are ______ ．
A. not willing to share food
B. not found around the poles
C. more successful than all other animals
D. too many to achieve any level of organization
9.Ants can use pheromones for ______ ．
A. escape
B. communication
C. warning enemies
D. arranging labor
10.What does the underlined expression"take on"in Paragraph 3 mean？______
A. Accept．
B. Employ．
C. Play with．
D. Fight against．
11.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants？______
A. Their behavior．
B. Their size．
C. Their number．
D. Their weight．
D
As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information，are people remember less？If you know your computer will save information，why store it in your own personal memory，your brain？Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how．
In a recent study，Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments．She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory．In the first experiment，they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer．The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information．The second group understood that the computer would not save it．Later，the second group remembered the information
better．People in the first group knew they could find the information again，so they did not try to remember it．
In another experiment，the researchers gave people facts to remember，and told them where to find the information an the Internet．The information was in a specific computer folder （文件夹）．Surprisingly，people later remember the folder location （位置）better than the facts．When people use the Internet，they do not remember the information．Rather，they remember how to find it．This is called "transactive memory （交互记忆）"
According to Sparrow，we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet．Instead，computer users are developing stronger transactive memories；that is，people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date．This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent，but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing．
12.The passage begins with two questions to ______ ．
A. introduce the main topic
B. show the author's altitude
C. describe how to use the Internet
D. explain how to store information
13.What can we learn about the first experiment？______
A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer．
B. The two groups remembered the information equally well．
C. The first group did not try to remember the formation．
D. The second group did not understand the information．
14.In transactive memory，people ______ ．
A. keep the information in mind
B. change the quantity of information
C. organize information like a computer
D. remember how to find the information
15.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research？______
A. We are using memory differently．
B. We are becoming more intelligent．
C. We have poorer memories than before．
D. We need a better way to access information．
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Characteristics of an excellent scientist The Free Dictionary defines （定义）a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences，especially natural science or physical science．(1) ．Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist．Curiosity．
(2) ．Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work．If a scientist doesn't have the drive to ask questions or even wonder，then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process．Patience．
(3) ．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one．Even if you think you have received some education on science，you still have a lot of scientific research to do．If you're an instant-gratification （及时满足的）type of person，this may not be the best choice for you．Ethical （道德的）qualities．
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good，a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment and living things，since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial （商业的）interests．Sticking to an old belief contradicted （反驳）by evidence is dishonest．(4) ．
Working habits．
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation，keeping it in mind and recording it．(5) ．He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally．Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new．
A．Becoming a scientist takes a long time．
B．An excellent scientist must be very curious about things．
C．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods．
D．He/She can work well alone or in groups，depending on what's needed．E．However，that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence．
F．To make discoveries in human knowledge，you have to think differently．
G．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory．
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.
E F.
F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one．The (21) is that countries around the world have growing mountains of (22)because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before．
How did we (23)a throwaway society？First of all，it is now easier to (24)an object than to spend time and money to repair it．(25)modern manufacturing （制造业）and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively．Products are plentiful and (26)．
Another cause is our (27) of disposable （一次性的）products．As(28) people，we are always looking for (29) to save time and make our lives easier．Companies (30) thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few．Our appetite for new products also (31)to the problem．We are (32) buying new things．Advertisements persuade us that (33) is better and that we will be happier with the latest products．The result is that we (34)useful possessions to make room for new ones．All around the world，we can see the (35) of this throwaway lifestyle．Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger．To (36) the amount of rubbish and to protect the (37)，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials．(38)，this is not enough to solve （解决）our problem．
Maybe there is another way out．We need to repair our possessions (39) throwing them away．We also need to rethink our attitudes about (40)．Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment．
21. A. key B. reason C. problem D. project
22. A. gifts B. products C. debt D. rubbish
23. A. become B. face C. observe D. change
24. A. hide B. replace C. control D. withdraw
25. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of
26. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful
27. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division
28. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy
29. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends
30. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve
31. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes
32. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for
33. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger
34. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away
35. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences
36. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure
37. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands
38. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
39. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of
40. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41.Shawn Cheshire is a blind cyclist who competed in the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro，
Brazil．She lost her ability (1) （see）after an accident nine years ago．She has tried to become as (2) （depend）as possible in the last few years．
She said that，(3) a long time，she was in a really dark place and hated being blind．She said that sports and physical exercise gave (4) （she）another opportunity at living．Earlier this month，Cheshire crossed 68 kilometers of steep and uneven ground in the Grand Canyon（大峡谷）．She did so in 24 hours and 15 minutes，(5) is believed to be a record for a blind hiker （徒步旅行者）．The (6) （early）record of 28 hours (7) （set）in 2014．
Three friends helped her during the Grand Canyon hike．They walked several steps
apart．They guided and warned her of (8) （barrier）．She listened for and followed
the sound of a bell (9) （wear）by the lead hiker．She used hiking poles for balance．Cheshire and her friends finished the hike on October 8，2018．She said as the group neared (10) end of the trip，"I had a huge ball of emotion welled up in my chest -I cannot believe we just did that．"
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）
42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文
中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
Dear Li Hua，
I'm very delighting to have received the letter you send me two weeks ago． I've bee n thinking about the question you asked me． From my point of view， you should com
e back before you finish your study at abroad． For one reason， what you are studying
is bad needed nowadays in China． It will be quite a easy thing for you to find a good jo b． As a matter of fact， many big companies in our city are hoping to employ people a s you． For other reason， it will be much more convenient for you to look after your p arent as they are getting old． Therefore， I think it's a good idea for you to return． So what are you waiting？
43.假如你是李华，想邀请你的朋友John在周六晚上去观看科幻电影The Wandering
Earth，请用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．发出邀请；
2．介绍电影（主题：保护人类共同的地球家园；观众评价等）；
3．请求回复．
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
_______
Looking forward to your reply．
Yours，Li Hua
答案和解析
1.【答案】
【小题1】A 【小题2】C 【小题3】B
【解析】【文章大意】本文讲述了Buck和 DeLuca 创建一家价值数百万美元的连锁餐厅的故事．
1. 细节理解题。

由第一段关键句""I'm going to college，but I need a way to pay for it，"．"可知，其目的是为了支付大学的费用。

故选A。

2. 细节理解题。

由第四段的"We convinced ourselves to open a second store．We figured we could tell the public,‘We are so successful，we are opening a second store．'可知他们之所以在开第二家商店主要就是为了向别人证明他们是能够成功的。

故选C。

3. 推理判断题。

总结全文故事发展脉络，根据第四段最后一句话"Still，it was a lot of learning by trial and error"可推论出他们取得成功的主要原因在于他们的坚持不懈，反复尝试。

故选B。

4.【答案】
【小题1】D 【小题2】C 【小题3】D 【小题4】B
【解析】DCDB
本文是一片科技小短文，主要畅想了未来30-50年人们生活所发生的一系列变化．随着新技术的成功，人们未来的生活变得越来越美好：寿命可以延长至150岁，智能衣服的颜色也是随心而变，食物上也装有芯片，汽车可以自动驾驶．
学生需要认真阅读原文，把握文章大意，对文章脉络有整体的了解，能仔细查找文中细节，并能根据文章内容进行合理的推测判断．
1. D．细节理解题．根据文章的第二段最后一句"The particles can be programmed to change your clothes'color or pattern．"可知，粒子可以被编程来改变你的衣服的颜色或图案．故选D．文中提到人们的寿命延长至150岁，但并未提及人们永不变老，所以A项不正确．B、C两项也均未提及．
2. C．推理判断题．根据文章的第四段第三句中"…the chip（芯片）that contains information…"及最后一句"…every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip．"可知，食品店里的每一份食品都带有这样一个芯片，芯片中都有电子信息，故选C．
3. D．推理判断题．根据文章倒数第二段第二、三句"In 2035，cars drive themselves．Just tell your"smart car"where to go．"可知，在2035年，汽车可以自动驾驶．你只要告诉你的"聪明的汽车"去哪里就可以了．故选D．其余三项均与文章内容不符．
4. B．主旨大意题．文章描述了2035年人们生活的几个方面，这些均源自科技的发展，所以B项正确．A：2035年的食品与服装；C：未来的医疗；D：新技术成功的原因．8.【答案】
【小题1】D 【小题2】B 【小题3】D 【小题4】A
【解析】本文是说明文，主要讲的是蚂蚁．单个的蚂蚁显得微不足道，但成群结队的蚂蚁却蕴含着巨大的力量．蚂蚁的数量之众，加起来可以与人类的重量相媲美．蚂蚁分布极为广泛，除了寒冷的山顶和两极地区，几乎到处都有它们的踪影．
解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．
1. 细节理解题．根据文章第一段的句子"They also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles．"可知，我们在极地周围是找不到蚂蚁的．故选D．
2. 细节理解题．根据文章第二段的句子"Wherewe use sound and sight to communicate，ants depend primarily on pheromone （外激素），chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members oftheir colony．"可知，蚂蚁可以用外激素来交流．故选B．
3. 词义猜测题．根据文章第三段的句子"Theyare completely fearless and will
readily takeon a creature much largerthan themselves，"可知，蚂蚁打仗的时候是无畏的，将准备和比它们大得多的动物斗争．take on和fightagainst意思相近．故选D．
4. 细节理解题．根据文章最后一段的句子"Behavingin this selfless and devoted manner，these little creatures have survived onEarth，for more than 140 million years，far longer than dinosaurs．"可知，蚂蚁的生存主要是因为它们的行为．故选A．
12.【答案】
【小题1】A 【小题2】C 【小题3】D 【小题4】A
【解析】1-4 ACDA
1．A．写作意图题．根据第一段"Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how．专家们想知道互联网是否正在改变我们的记忆以及如何改变"可知，作者使用两个问句是为了引出要讨论的话题．故答案为A．
2．C．细节理解题．根据第二段"People in the first group knew they could find the information again，so they did not try to remember it．第一组的人知道他们可以再次找到信息，所以他们没有试图记住它．"故答案为C．
3．D．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段"Rather，they remember how to find it．This is called "transactive memory （交互记忆）"相反，他们记得如何找到它．这被称为"事务性存储器""可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息．故答案为D．
4．A．细节理解题．根据最后一段"but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing但毫无疑问，我们使用记忆的方式正在改变"可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生
的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式．故答案为A．
本文主要说明的是人们越来越依赖互联网来储存信息，人们这样做是否会丧失记忆事物的能力呢？专家怀疑互联网可能正在改变人们的记忆内容和方式．
本文是一篇说明文，涉及的细节理解题较多，做这类题时，要快速抓住关键信息，有时还要学会单词或句意的转换理解，将获得的信息用同义或近义的形式复述出来．
16.【答案】
【小题1】C 【小题2】B 【小题3】A 【小题4】E 【小题5】D
【解析】36．C．推理判断题．根据前文The Free Dictionary defines （定
义） a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences，especially natural science or physical science可知它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的科
学家；故选C．
37．B．推理判断题．根据后文
Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly becaus
e they wanted to know how things work可知一个优秀的科学家对事物一定很好奇；故选B．38．A．推理判断题．根据后文
There are very few jobs that take longer than this one．Even if you think you have received s
ome education on science，you still have a lot of scientific research to do可知成为一名科学家需要很长时间；故选A．
39．E．推理判断题．根据前文
A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial （商业的） interests．Sticking to an old belief contradicted （反驳） by evidence is dishonest可知然而，没有强有力的证据，这种信仰不应改变；故选E．
40．D．推理判断题．根据前文
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation，
keeping it in mind and recording it可知可以单独或团体工作，这取决于它的需要；故选D．本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了优秀的科学家的特点．
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子．解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近七的词），选出最符合语境的句子．
21.【答案】
【小题1】C 【小题2】D 【小题3】A 【小题4】B 【小题5】A
【小题6】C 【小题7】A 【小题8】D 【小题9】A 【小题10】C
【小题11】D 【小题12】B 【小题13】A 【小题14】D 【小题15】D
【小题16】C 【小题17】B 【小题18】A 【小题19】D 【小题20】C
【解析】1-5 CDABA 6-10 CADAC 11-15 DBADD 16-20 CBADC
1．C．考查名词及语境理解． key 关键，重点；problem 问题，麻烦事；project 项目； reason 理由．根据第二行"the world…"可知，出现的问题是垃圾堆积如山．故选：C．2．D．考查名词及语境理解．debt 债务； gifts 礼物； products 产品； rubbish 垃圾．根据句意可知，因为人们现在扔掉很多垃圾，因此，垃圾堆积成了山．故选：D．3．A．考查动词及语境理解． become 变成； change 改变；face 面对； observe 观察．根据句意可知，根据"first of all…"可知，这里讲的是乱扔垃圾的原因．故选：A．4．B．考查动词及语境理解．control 控制； hide 隐藏； replace 替代； withdraw 撤退，收回．根据句意可知，与花时间和钱修理相比，现在更容易更换物品．故选：B．5． A．考查固定搭配及语境理解．As to 至于； Except 除……之外； Regardless of 不管，不顾； Thanks to 多亏了，由于．根据句意可知，多亏了当代制造业和技术，公司能够更快地生产产品，成本也降低很多．故选：A．
6．C．考查形容词及语境理解． cheap 便宜的； funny 有趣的； powerful 强大的； safe 安全的．根据"inexpensively"可知，成本降低的话，产品价格相对也会降低．故选：C．7．A．考查名词及语境理解． division 部门； lack 缺乏； love 爱； prevention 阻止．根据句意可知，另一个原因是人们对一次性产品的钟爱．故选：A．
8．D．考查形容词及语境理解． brave 勇敢的；busy 忙碌的；kind 友好的；sensitive 敏感的．"we are always looking for…"可知，人们总是在节省时间，说明人们很忙碌．故选：D．
9．A．考查名词及语境理解． friends 朋友； jobs 工作； places 地方； ways 方法．a way to do sth 做某事的方法，是固定搭配．故选：A．
10．C．考查动词及语境理解．donate 捐献； preserve 保护，维持； produce 生产； receive 收到．根据句意可知，企业生产大量的一次性产品．故选：C．
11．D．考查动词及语境理解． adapts 适应；contributes 捐献； responds 回应； returns 归还，返回．根据句意可知，人们对新产品的欲望促成了这一问题．故选：D．12．B．考查短语及语境理解． ashamed for 为…而感到羞愧； addicted to 沉迷于； tired of 厌烦； worried about 担忧．根据"appetite"可知，人们痴迷于购买新产品．故选：B．13．A．考查形容词比较级及语境理解． higher 更高的； larger 更大的； newer 更新的； stronger 更强壮的．根据句意可知，广告使人们相信新的更好．故选：A．14．D．考查动词短语及语境理解． hold onto 抓住不放； pay for 为…付款； pick up 捡起； throw away 扔掉．根据句意可知，人们扔掉自己的物品来为新的腾地方．故选：D．15．D．考查名词及语境理解．advantages 优势；consequences 后果，结果；functions 功能； purposes 目的．根据下句可知，这里指的是乱扔垃圾的后果．故选：D．16．C．考查动词及语境理解． decrease 减少； measure 测量；record 记录； show 展示．根据句意可知，越来越多的政府要求人们循环使用物品，这样做是为了减少垃圾．故选：C．
17．B．考查名词及语境理解．brands 品牌；consumers 消费者； environment 环
境； technology 技术．根据语境可知，要求人们循环利用也是为了保护环境．故选：B．18．A．考查副词及语境理解．However 然而；Meanwhile 与此同时； Otherwise 要不然的话； Therefore 因此．根据句意可知，然而，只是要求人们循环利用是远远不够的．故选：A．
19．D．考查介词及语境理解．in favor of 支持，赞成； instead of 代替；or rather 更准确地说； other than 除了，不同于．根据句意可知，我们需要修理我们的财物，而不是扔掉它们．故选：D．
20．C ．考查动词及语境理解． advertising 登广告； collecting 收集；repairing 修理； spending 花费．根据句意可知，我们也需要重新考虑对修理的态度，根据下句"repairing …"可知答案．故选：C ．
本文是一篇议论文，文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的威胁．随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧物，用新物品取而代之．包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力．文章还建议人们养成循环利用的习惯，以此来减少垃圾的产生并减轻环境的压力．
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高．做完型填空首先要通读全文，了解大意．一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容．千万不要看一句，做一句．其次要逐句分析，前后一致．选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等．答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确． 41.【答案】
【小题1】to see
【小题2】independent
【小题3】for 【小题4】her 【小题5】which 【小题6】earlier
【小题7】was set 【小题8】barriers 【小题9】worn
【小题10】the
【解析】1．to see ．考查不定式，the ability to do sth ：做某事的能力，故填to see ． 2．independent ．考查形容词，根据become ，填写形容词，故填independent ． 3．for ．考查介词，for a long time ：很长一段时间，故填for ．
4．her ．考查代词，给她另一个机会，作宾格，故填her ．
5．which ．考查连词，先行词是前面的事情，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which ． 6．earlier ．考查比较级，更早的记录，故填earlier ．
7．was set ．考查被动，主语是record ，因为是过去时，被创造，故填was set ． 8．barriers ．考查名词，warn sb of sth ：警惕某人某物，不止一个，故填barriers ． 9．worn ．考查非谓语，bell 与wear 是动宾关系，故填过去分词作后置定语，故填worn ． 10．the ．考查冠词，旅程的结尾，表示特指，故填the ．
文章讲述了盲人自行车选手Shawn Cheshire 克服困难参加了里约残奥会．
本题是语法填空．语法填空题是高考常考的内容之一，它注重考查考生综合运用英语语言知识及语法知识的能力，要求考生要注意一些语法及语言知识的积累，做题时要先通
读短文，在了解大意的基础上结合语境及所学语言、语法知识进行填空．
42.【答案】Dear Li Hua，
I'm very delighting to have received the letter you send me two weeks ago． I've been th inking about the question you asked me． From my point of view， you should come back before you finish your study at abroad． For one reason， what you are studying is bad nee ded nowadays in China． It will be quite a easy thing for you to find a good job． As a matt er of fact， many big companies in our city are hoping to employ people as you． For othe r reason， it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parent as they are getti ng old． Therefore， I think it's a good idea for you to return． So what are you waiting∧？详解：
1．delighting改为delighted．考查过去分词．过去分词作表语，多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化，其主语多半是人．
2． send改为sent．考查动词时态．根据时间状语two weeks ago，要用一般过去时态．3． before改为after/when．考查连词．根据句意：在你在国外完成学业后你应当回来．用连词after或when．
4．去掉at．考查介词．abroad是副词，其前不需要介词at．
5． bad改为badly．考查副词．need是动词，要用副词修饰．
6． a改为an．考查冠词．thing是可数名词，单数形式前加不定冠词a表示泛指，因easy 读音以发元音开头，用不定冠词an．
7．as改为like．考查介词．as意为"作为"，like意为"像…一样"，此处应是后者．8． other改为another．考查固定搭配．for one thing …for another意为"一个原因是…；另一个原因是"，是固定搭配．
9． parent改为parents．考查名词复数．此处指"父母"，要用复数形式．
10． waiting后加for．考查固定搭配．wait for意为"等待，等候"，是固定搭配．
【解析】本文主要讲述作者给李华的建议．作者建议李华在国外完成学业后回国工作，一则，国内的许多大公司需要像李华这样的人才；二则可以方便照看父母．
高考短文改错题的形式有说明文，短文故事，书信等，具有很强的实用性．短文的内容和语言都符合高中学生的实际，从表面上看类似一篇学生习作．首先，通读全文，了解短文大意，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑，在通读全文时把一些容易的错误先改好，再进行逐句改错．其次，要进行逐个句子的改错．这是要对文中的词法、句法和语篇着重分析和特别注意．最后把改好的短文再阅读一遍，检查答案是否正确，感觉是否还有。