2020-2021高考英语二模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解

2020-2021高考英语二模试卷分类汇编阅读理解
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert, seeking a million in prize money. To win, they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours. Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part－drivers.
DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. One had its brake lock up in the starting area. Another began by throwing itself onto a wall. Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles.
One turned upside down. One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote control. One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock. The "winner," if there was any, reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long, narrow hole, and the front wheels caught on fire.
"You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things," says Reinhold Behringer, who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics. "Even ants (蚂蚁) can do all these tasks effortlessly. It's very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines."
The robotic vehicles, though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately. Sure, that very young child, who has just only learned to walk, may not think to wipe apple juice off her face, but she already knows that when there's a cookie in the kitchen she has to climb up the table, and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good. She is more advanced, even months old, than any machine humans have designed.
（1）Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because_____.
A. they did not have any human guidance
B. the road was not familiar to the drivers
C. the distance was too long for the vehicles
D. the prize money was unattractive to the drivers
（2）DARPA organized the race in order to_____.
A. raise money for producing more robotic vehicles
B. push the development of vehicle industry
C. train more people to drive in the desert
D. improve the vehicles for future wars
（3）From the passage we know "robotic vehicles" are a kind of machines that _____.
A. can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing can
B. can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limit
C. can show off their ability to turn themselves upside down
D. can move from place to place without being driven by human beings
（4）In the last paragraph, the writer implies that there is a long way to go______.
A. for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficulties
B. for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the table
C. for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solve
D. for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛，目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车，并介绍了这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part－drivers.”车队和观众都知道可能根本没有赢家，因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。

可知，这些汽车都没有驾驶员。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields.”美国国防部高级研究计划局(DARPA)组织了这次比赛，作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。

可以推测，DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车，故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, jus t proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance.”但这项被称为“大挑战”的项目恰恰证明了，在没有人类引导的情况下，让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。

可以推断出“robotic vehicles”是一种不要人操作的汽车，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“she is more advanced...than any machine...”可知机器远不如人的智力。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．（2019•北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the
ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing." she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."
（1）What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
（2）What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive
B. Beneficial
C. Significant
D. Unnoticeable
（3）What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。

这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。

但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。

（1）段落大意题。

第一段“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。

再根据第二段中的“At the heart phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called
phytoplankton. Becaust of the way light reflects off the organisms ,these phytoplanktons create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。

海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。

由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。

故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。

根据第三段中的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。

由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's wamning trend”可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。

故选A。

（3）推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters ,such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make co nditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。

但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。

由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。

故选D。

（4）主旨大意题。

第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知到本世纪末。

一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。

再结合第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warning trendWarming changes key characteris tics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, …”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。

可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Alison Malmon was ending her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania. US, when she got the news: Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from mental illness.
Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to organize students to talk openly about mental health. It soon blossomed into a national organization that today has more than 450 campus chapters. Leaders with the organization spend their time talking with college students about the pressure that today's young people face.
"What you hear often is just a need to be perfect," said Malmon, "and a need to present oneself as perfect." A new study in the UK proved that this need for perfectionism is simply part of today's society. In the study, two researchers studied more than 40,000 students from the US,
Canada, and the UK. They found that what they called "socially-prescribed (社会定向型的) perfectionism" increased by a third between 1989 and 2016.
Lead researcher Thomas Curran said that while so many of today's young people try to present a perfect appearance online, social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modem society, meaning young people can't avoid being sorted and ranked in both education and employment. That comes from new normal situation like greater numbers of college students, national examination and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education.
For example, in 1976, half of high school seniors expected to get a college degree of some kind. By 2008, more than 80 percent expected the same. The researchers also said changes in parenting styles over the last two decades might have had an impact. As parents feel increased pressure to raise successful children, they in turn pass their "achievement anxieties" onto their kids through "too much participation in their child's activities or emotions
Those in the mental health community like Malmon say they're concerned about the impact the culture of perfectionism has on mental health on campuses. "Mental health has truly become this generation's social justice (公正)issue," she said. "It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."
（1）What inspired Alison Malmon to start a group related to mental health?
A.Her brother's mental illness.
B.Her project during the freshman year.
C.The pressure she had experienced.
D.Her strong interest in mental health.
（2）What may be pushing today's young people to struggle to be perfect, according to the article?
a. The impact of social media.
b. Parents' high expectations of their children.
c. The decreasing number of college students.
d. The fierce competition in society.
e. Their desire to draw their parents' attention.
A.a, b, c
B.a, d, e
C.a, b, d
D.b, c, e
（3）What does Malmon think is a way to help young people manage the pressure of perfectionism?
A.Enabling them to know what is to blame for their pressure.
B.Lowering their expectations of themselves.
C.Reducing parents' involvement in their children's life.
D.Making them aware of what true social responsibility is.
（4）What is the article mainly about?
A.A new study on college students.
B.Research into the trend of perfectionism.
C.A group devoted to helping people stay mentally healthy.
D.Various pressures that today's young people are facing.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了完美主义给当代年轻人带来的巨大压力，并分析了完美主义出现的具体原因。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from mental illness. “；以及第二段中的”Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to organize students to talk openly about mental health."可知正是Malmon的哥哥Brian患上了精神病让Malmon决定创办一个研究精神病的研究小组。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的"social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modem society…That come s from new normal situation like greater numbers of college students, national examination and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education."可知社交媒体不是年轻人所面临压力的唯一原因，当代社会的激烈竞争以及父母对孩子教育成功的期待都是重要原因。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的 "It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."可知Malmon认为年轻人应该让人们知道精神健康方面的问题不是他们的错误，而是社会以及父母给他们带来的。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文是一篇说明文，前两段导入话题：完美主义给年轻人带来了巨大的精神压力，人们组建了研究团队对此进行研究。

第三段第一句点明主题"What you hear often is just a need to be perfect," said Malmon, "and a need to present oneself as perfect."下文分析了完美主义产生的具体原因，并提出了年轻人的应对方法。

所以本文主要讲述的是对完美主义的研究。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
We have many trips for you to explore the world your way. Our travel ideas are as diverse as the world itself and are designed to let you experience it. Please start with the following four trips.
Athens and Crete Explorer
Duration: 8 Days Prices From: US$ 892
Trip Type: Romance & Honeymoon, Tailor-made Travel Ideas
Designed to thrill people of all ages, this family London vacation explores the sights, history and magic of this great city. Visit the world of Harry Potter, the original Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum, and take the Original London Sightseeing Tour.
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Explore the two most popular cities of Australia and New Zealand on this air-land tour. Start in Sydney, where you'll tour the Sydney Opera House, sail across the famous harbour, and see koalas and kangaroos at Taronga Zoo. Then head on to Auckland where you'll explore the twin harbours, learn about Maori traditions, and enjoy unbeatable views of the landscape. Duration: 11 Days Prices From: US$ 1,999
Trip Type: Vacation Packages with Airfare
This tour is a true classic designed to give the traveler with limited time a superb introduction to the civilization of Ancient Egypt, focusing on the Nile and its importance to the people. The ancient land of Egypt inspires the imagination like no other. Unlock the land of the Pharaohs on this 9 day journey along the Nile.
Duration: 9 Days Prices From: US$ 1,495
Trip Type: Classics (Bestsellers), Tailor-made Travel Ideas
A. London for Families.
B. Australia & New Zealand.
C. Classic Egypt.
D. Athens and Crete Explorer.
（2）If you are on the trip to London for Families, you will see ________.
A.the ancient Oracle
B.the world of Harry Potter
C.koalas and kangaroos
D.the ancient land of Egypt
（3）From the text, it can be learnt that all the four trips ________.
A.have the same trip type
B.take more than one week
C.take more than US$ 1000
D.enjoy their famous diet
（4）Where is the text probably taken from?
A.A travel brochure.
B.A science fiction.
C.A storybook.
D.A textbook.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个旅游行程。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据Athens and Crete Explorer部分中的”Trip Type: Romance & Honeymoon, Tailor-made Travel Ideas“旅行类型：浪漫蜜月，量身定做的旅行创意，可推知，新婚夫妇极可能会选择Athens and Crete Explorer”雅典和克里特岛探险家“。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据London for Families部分中的”Visit the world of Harry Potter“参观哈利波特的世界，可知，如果参加伦敦的家庭之旅，你会看到哈利波特的世界。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解题。

根据四个旅游行程中Duration（持续时间）的介绍信息“Duration: 8 Days ，Duration: 9Days，Duration: 11Days”可知，这四个旅游行程都超过了一周。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的”We have many trips for you to explore the world your way. Our travel ideas are as diverse as the world itself and are designed to let you experience it. Please start with the following four trips.“我们有很多旅行供您以您的方式探索世界。

我们的旅游理念和世界本身一样多样化，旨在让您体验它。

请从以下四次旅行开始。

可推知，这篇文章可能来自于旅游手册。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
At the age of seven, while his friends were spending pocket money on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo was busy saving money for more essential purchases. To try to get his peers to do the same, the youngster from Arequipa, Peru came up with the innovative idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence—while also helping the environment.
Established in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world's first bank for kids. To open an account, kids have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste (paper or plastic) and establish a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank "partners" are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and meet other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.
The waste collected is sold to local recycling companies, who, thanks to Jose, pay a higher-than-market rate for everything brought in by Bartselana Student Bank members. The funds received are placed in the individual's account until his/her savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw his/her money, or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger target. "At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy," Jose recalls. "They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily. I had the support of the school principal."
By 2013, the bank had over 200 members who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, has ten educational centers.
They are designed to teach the over 3,000 members both finance and environmental management. On December 6, 2018, in response to the growing demand, Bartselana Student Bank began accepting applications from kids all across Peru.
As the teenager says, "Together we can change the world. We just need an opportunity."
（1）What is the purpose of the eco-bank?
A. To involve kids in the management of the local recycling companies.
B. To help kids get pocket money to spend on things like candy and toys.
C. To show kids how important it is to learn environmental management.
D. To get kids to help the environment and be economically independent.
（2）What duty does an eco-bank member have to perform?
A. Attending financial education workshops.
B. Bringing in 5 kilos of waste.
C. Saving one kilo of solid waste weekly.
D. Establishing a savings goal.
（3）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Kids are more responsible when growing up.
B. The future of the country relies mainly on kids.
C. Kids can contribute to the society though young.
D. The present is a vital period for kid development.
（4）Which of the following words can best describe Jose?
A. Generous.
B. Crazy.
C. Flexible.
D. Influential.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，巴塞拉纳学生银行成立于2012年，是世界上第一家儿童银行。

为了开户，孩子们必须携带至少5公斤的固体废物(纸或塑料)，并设定一个储蓄目标。

回收的垃圾被卖给当地的回收公司，多亏了Jose，这些公司为巴塞拉纳学生银行成员带来的所有东西支付高于市场的价格。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“the youngster from Arequipa, Peru came up with the innovative idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence—while also helping the environment.”可知eco-bank的目的是让孩子们帮助环境和变得经济独立。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and meet other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.”可知所有银行的“合作伙伴”必须每月至少额外存放一公斤可回收物品，并满足其他要求，例如参加金融教育和环境管理研讨会。

故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“By 2013, the bank had over 200 members who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, has ten educational centers.”可知到2013年，世界银行已有200多名成员，他们带来了一吨可回收垃圾。

如今，生态银行已经得到了几个当地机构的支持，拥有十个教育
中心。

即可知生态银行是给社会带来了贡献的，即划线部分的意思是作为生态银行成员的
孩子们虽然年轻，但是可以为社会做贡献。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“As the teenager says, ‘Together we can change the world. We just need an opport unity.’”可知Jose提到我们可以一起改变世界，我们只是需要一
个机会。

与上文因为Jose为生态银行成员带来的东西支付高于市场的价格，而使得银行成
员有了增加，并得到了当地机构和教育中心的支持，可知Jose是“有影响力的”。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出
正确答案。

6．阅读理解
The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as American's first president from 1789 to 1797. President Washington has been called the "Father of his country."
The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of the Declaration of independence in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influential
of the nation's Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor.
Another of American's greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is on the five-dollar bill. He served
as the sixteenth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery.
The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president.
But he was the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher.
Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill.
Another president is on the fifty-dollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 1869 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under
his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces.
So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was never elected president, but was one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civil activist, and diplomat.
These American statesmen are on the front of the bills. The backs of the notes show images
from nation's history or famous places. They are in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the Treasury Building, the White House, the Capitol Building and independence Hall.
（1）The design of the bills shows that Americans values their people's__________ .
A. talents in many ways
B. success in their careers
C. inventions in new fields
D. contributions to the country
（2）For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nation's ____________.
A. economy and power
B. independence and democracy
C. wealth and success
D. faith and glory
（3）Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. Men on the Money
B. the Design of US Bills
C. History on the Money
D. the Story of US Bills
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。

（1）考查推理判断。

文章在描述每一种面值的纸币上的人物时，都着重描写他们对国家的作用与影响，George Washington是第一任总统，Thomas Jefferson独立宣言的主要起草者，Abraham Lincoln结束内战，废除奴隶制，Alexander Hamilton第一个财政部长和开国元勋之一，Andrew Jackson支持大众民主和个人自由，Benjamin Franklin开国元勋之一，从而可判断美国人民看重的是伟人对这个国家做出的贡献。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“President Washington has been called the ‘Father of his country.’"；第二段中的“Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation's Founding Fathers.”及下文对美元上其他人物的介绍可知，文章中提到的这些历史上著名的人物，无论是独立战争，美国内战，还是独立宣言的起草与签署都反映出他们为争取国家的独立与民主所做出的努力与牺牲。

故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill.第二段中的The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill.”及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Most adults find it hard to recall events from their first few years of life and now scientists have found exactly when these childhood memories fade(消失).
A new study has found that most three-year-olds can recall a lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.
Most children by the age of eight or nine can only recall 35% of their experiences from under the age of three, according to the new findings.
The scientists behind the research say this is because at around this age the way we form memories begins to change. They say that before the age of seven children do not have a sense of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early events they can recall tend to be more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster rate of forgetting than adults. The findings also help to explain why children can often have clear memories of events but then forget them just a couple of years later.
The youngsters first visited the laboratory at the age of three and discussed six unique events from their past, such as family outings, trips to the zoo, and the first day of school. The children
then returned for a second session between the ages of five and nine to discuss the same events. The researchers found that between the ages of five and seven, the amount of memories the children could recall remained between 63 -72 percent. However, the amount of information eight-to nine-year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent.
（1）What does the new study tell us?
A.Childhood memories decline with years.
B.Three-year-old kids are the cleverest.
C.Childhood memories can fade easily.
D.Some adults cannot recall past events.
（2）What does the underlined word "persist" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Change.
B.Remain.
C.Appear.
D.Return.
（3）What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A.Adults cannot have clear memories of past events.
B.Children can think like adults when they get older.
C.Children under 7 years old have different ways of forming memories.
D.Children often forget things because they have no idea of time or place.
（4）In the second session, nine-year-old children _________.
A.refused to discuss the same events
B.remembered all their family outings
C.could recall 72 percent of their past events
D.only remembered a small part of their past events
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了记忆消失的一些知识。

大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在，但到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退。

在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。

在5到7岁之间，孩子们能回忆起的记忆量保持在63%到72%之间。

然而，8至9岁儿童能够回忆起的信息量下降到35%和36%。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段“A new study has found that most three-year-olds can recall a lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.”一项新的研究发现，大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在他们五岁和六岁时仍然存在，但当他们超过七岁时，这些记忆迅速衰退。

可知新研究告诉了我们童年时的记忆随年龄而衰退。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“but by the time they are over seven, these memories。