2021年郑州第十四中学高三英语下学期期末试题及参考答案

2021年郑州第十四中学高三英语下学期期末试题及参考答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
The history ofpop art begins with abstract art. Pop art emerged from the foundation of abstract art in the 1950s, first gaining recognition in Great Britain, then establishing itself in the United States in the 1960s.
In the 1930s and 1940s, abstract art was greatly popular, but people began to hate this art form. Most abstract art produced in this era could be found in art galleries or the homes of the elite(名流), not in the homes of everyday people. Pop art sprung onto the scene as the people's art.
Some art critics say pop art is a rebellion against abstract art; others say it is an extension of abstract art. You can see elements of abstract art in many pop art prints, especially those that consist of a collage（拼贴画）of images. However, some pop art pieces have nothing to do with abstract art, looking more like a photo of a popular consumer item, which impressed people deeply.
Richard Hamilton and Eduardo Paolozzi were two of the first contemporary pop art pioneers recognised in Great Britain. They were a part of the Independent Group, an organised group of British artists who wanted to challenge ruling modernist approaches to culture. They recognised the value of modern advertising and comic book images. They used these popular images in art as a social commentary, often building irony and humour into their artworks, thus creating a new form of art. These pieces were mass-produced and sold at affordable prices.
When pop art took off in the United States, it expanded to include a celebration of kitsch and the common images found in movies and television. Andy Wharhol is perhaps the most famous American pop art artist, known for his prints of the actress Marilyn Monroe, the singer Elvis Presley and of Campbell's soup cans. Andy Wharhol was inspired by images from advertisements and common consumer items. He also made a series of paintings which showed images of car accidents.
1. Why did people dislike abstract art?
A. People found it hard to understand.
B. Ordinary people couldn't afford it.
C. People disliked enjoying it in galleries.
D. It wasn't based on everyday life.
2. What impression do pop art works leave on people?
A. They are a rebellion against abstract art.
B. They have many elements of abstract art.
C. They are created so real.
D. They are products of advertisers.
3. The Independent Group was set up to ________.
A. introduce a new art form to the world
B. develop modern advertising further
C. create new comic book images
D. make British culture better known
B
Did you know that horses talk? Well, they do, and you can lean to understand “horse talk” if you pay close attention to the horses you see.
When horses live in the wild, other animals try to eat them, so a lot of horse talk is about staying alive. Even now, when most horses live on farms, they watch for danger. For this reason, never walk behind a horse. If you surprise it, the horse might mistake you for a mountain lion or wolf and give a dangerous kick.
By watching the ears of a horse, you can get clues to what it's hearing. A horse can tum each ear in a different direction. For a wild horse, this trick is important for survival. The horse can hear something sneaking up behind it while also checking out a threatening noise in front. When a horse lets its ears down, it's feeling safe and relaxed. If horses becomeisolated, they neigh, or “whinny,” calling for company. They're saying, “Where are you? I'm over here!” If a horse snorts(哼) while holding its head high and staring at something, it's saying, “That looks dangerous. Get ready to run!” When two horses meet, they put their noses together and smell each other's breath. It's their way of asking, “Are you a friend?” Horses nicker,too. Nickering is a quiet sort of sound. This friendly noise means they're feeling secure and saying, “Clad to see you.”
In the wild, horses live in herds, with all members watching for danger. In a herd, only one horse is the leader, the “boss hoss”. The “boss hoss” is usually an older female. She watches for threats and teaches younger horses how to behave. However, others may want her job. When that happens, she pins her ears back against her head and may even bite or kick to get challengers to back off. She's using body language to say, “Hey, I'm in charge here!” All horses know that the one who makes others move is the leader. Horses relate to people that way, too.
Horses have a language of their own. Now you know a bit of what they might be saying.
4. What is the general idea of this passage?
A. Horses can talk with their owners.
B. You can know a bit of horses' language.
C. Horses can “talk” in their own way.
D. Other animals can also learn language.
5. What does the underlined word “isolated” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Lonely.
B. Glad.
C. Sad.
D. Frightened.
6. What will a horse do when he wants to know whether another horse is a friend?
A. He will let his ears down.
B. He and another horse will put their noses together and smell each other's breath.
C They both will hold their heads high and stare at something.
D. He will give another horse a dangerous kick.
7. How will the “boss hoss” deal with her challengers?
A. By warning or fighting.
B. By watching for threats.
C. By teaching younger horses how to behave.
D. By relating to people.
C
After finishing his dinner, Lin Xu opened a WeChat mini-programcalled "Clear Plate" on his phone and took a picture of the empty plates. He was then awarded 157 credit points after the image was uploaded and recognized by artificial intelligence. The credit points can be used to buy gifts, such as books, cellphones and red wine, or to purchase charity meals donated to children in poor rural areas.
The "Clear Plate" mini-program has become popular among young Chinese. Similar campaigns like an "empty plate challenge" are alsoon the horizonin many Chinese universities.
"Technological innovation is a good way to reduce food waste," said Liu Jichen. Founder of the start-up that developed the app. The idea popped up at a dinner in 2017, when Liu found that the restaurant owner would give diners who polished off their food a card and offer small gifts after a certain number of cards had been collected. "Everyone who values food is bound to enjoy a sense of gain at a lower cost," Liu mentioned this case, noting that such an idea could potentially be realized online.
He formeda team to work on the project. Yet it was quite a challenge for the AI system to assess whether the uploaded photos showed empty plates. To make the AI system smarter，Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1, 000 others, spent half a year collecting over100,000 samples from canteens and restaurants across the country and analyzed the data. Dozens of enterprises, institutions and restaurants have contacted the start-up to cooperate on the project. Through the digitalized, visualized mini-program, people can clearly see the good results of saving food, which will effectively reduce food waste. "We hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation, encouraging them to develop the habit of thrift(节约)," Liu said.
8. What does the underlined phrase "on the horizon" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Likely to decrease.
B. Likely to succeed.
C. Likely to change.
D. Likely to appear.
9. What caused Liu Jichen to develop the "Clear Plate" app?
A. Food waste afterdinner.
B. The idea of the restaurant owner.
C. Small gifts sent by his friends.
D. Charity meals donated to children.
10. What was difficult for the project Liu's team worked on?
A. Making the AI system smarter.
B. Assessing the uploaded photos.
C. Collecting samples from canteens and restaurants.
D. Encouraging people to develop the habit of thrift.
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. AI programs becoming popular.
B. AI programs appearing in many Chinese universities.
C. AI programs encouraging diners toclear their plates.
D. AI programs collecting pictures of clearing diners' plates.
D
A team of researchersfrom theUniversityofColorado Boulderhave created a revolutionary type of robotic muscles. They are strong and flexible at the same time, can feel the movements they perform and, whenever they suffer damage, they can self-heal. However, what is best about them is probably the fact that they are extremely cheap to manufacture.
The robotic muscles have been called actuators, and have drawn inspiration from real-life muscles. By creating robots equipped with this kind of actuators, researchers would allowthem to perform movements just like human muscles.
To make the robotic muscles work, they filled some flexible material with electrodes(电极)and with liquid and oil. Then, they applied some electricity, and the liquid and oil started moving around the electrodes and powered them. This way, the robotic muscles started contracting and relaxing just like real muscles, but a lot quicker.
Researchers also took inspiration from the variety of human muscles, and created more types of actuators, each of them performing a different movement. They called these robotic muscles HASEL ( Hydraulically-Amplified
Self-healing Electrostatic). However, they are superior to biological muscles as they are stronger, faster, and more flexible.
Even the researchers were amazed they could develop such technology. Eric Acome, the author of one of the studies, explained what is unique about the robotic muscles.
“The ability to create electrically powered soft actuators that lift a gallon of water at several times per second is something we haven't seen before.”
These muscles are special because they are also self-healing. This property is given by the liquid placed inside of them, which also gives them a lot more advantages than those mechanisms (机械)using solids. In the end, the material which keeps the liquid, the oil and the electrodes is extremely cheap. It is a type of polymer (聚合物)similar to the one used for potato chips bags, and can be manufactures for only 10 cents.
12. What can we learn about actuators?
A. They can heal on their own.
B. They are biological muscles.
C. They can not move like human muscles.
D. They are slower to react than real muscles.
13. What do actuators use to directly power electrodes?
A. Solids.
B. Liquid and oil.
C. A type of polymer.
D. Potato chips bags.
14. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. The origin of actuators.
B. The opinions on actuators.
C. The advantages of actuators.
D. The significance of actuators.
15. In which part of a newspaper will the textmost probably appear?
A. Health.
B. Culture.
C. Education.
D. Technology.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项If you see humor as a form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest benefits: Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people entertaining.____16____Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.
____17____Humor lets you better understand life and sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems. So it will be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
You don’t have to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor. You can be the one
who directs the conversation of fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. Every party needs a straight person.____18____
When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. When people see you trying to be funny, it frees them to try it themselves.____19____People need permission to be funny social settings because there’s always a risk that comes with humor. For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.
Some people — and I was one of them — believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case.____20____One funny observation about a problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out.
A. You’ll appear fun and funny by association.
B. But not all senses of humor are created equal.
C. Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles.
D. Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.
E. The problem comes when you start doing too much complaint-based humor.
F. You have to be at least a bit self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others.
G. So even if your efforts at humor fail, you might free the hidden humor in others.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项My daughter has been crazy about raising a pet for a long time.
Last spring I bought two newly-hatched chickens for her. She got___21___and took good care of them.___22___, a few days later, both chickens died. She___23___into tears because of their death. I helped her___24___the two chickens under a tree behind our house. I thought it would be the___25___of her ideas.
___26___, I was wrong. Children are children___27___. The failure hasn't___28___my daughter in any way. She still tried to keep a small animal or even a snail.
One day lastwinter, I____29____under the eaves (屋檐) of the house a family of sparrows. My daughter and I could____30____the sparrows as our "pets", but we didn't.
So I told her to scatter(撒) the grains in the windowsill. A few minutes later, the sparrows came toland on the windowsill____31____and pecked(啄) at the rice. Suddenly my daughter asked me, “Mum, can we catch and____32____the sparrows, and let them live with us in the room? How____33____it is for them to live
outside.”
"Oh, my dear, I do not thinkit's a good____34____. You know, " I explained to her. “the sparrow is a bird that loves____35____. No one can keep them in a cage. If they are caught, they will____36____quickly. They are____37____to living outside. Moreover, they have warm nest under the eaves."
From then on, we have set up a kind of relationship with the sparrow family. We feed them frequently and___38___them as pet birds. However, we don’t need to posses them. We____39____seeing these little birds flying and jumping among branches, leaves and flowers in the____40____mornings.
21. A. surprised B. excited C. disappointed D. amazed
22. A. Naturally B. Suddenly C. Unfortunately D. Finally
23. A. broke B. bore C. burst D. turned
24. A. bury B. put C. dig D. set
25. A. end B. beginning C. wish D. reality
26. A. Thus B. Then C. Therefore D. However
27. A. at last B. in all C. after all D. for fun
28. A. upset B. encouraged C. helped D. impressed
29. A. stared B. noticed C. sensed D. glared
30. A. look B. act C. catch D. feed
31. A. one after another B. one another C. every other D. each other
32. A. stay B. cage C. love D. watch
33. A. free B. happy C. cold D. warm
34. A. way B. idea C. plan D. advice
35. A. cage B. singing C. freedom D. worms
36. A. please B. starve C. suffer D. die
37. A. safe B. proud C. grateful D. used
38. A. think B. dream C. treat D. appreciate
39. A. enjoy B. would like C. want D. consider
40. A. summer B. autumn C. winter D. spring
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
As the bus drove across Sydney Harbor Bridge, the city’s famous Sydney Opera House___41.___ （come）into sight. White as a pearl, as if numerous seashells lined the shores, the great building seemed to bloom like a graceful lotus（荷花）. The sky above matched___42.___（it）beauty. The iron structure of Sydney Bridge looked like a giant’s arm, embracing the opera house, crowning it the jewel of the sea.
The boat-ride afterwards was___43.___（extreme）amazing as well. Plates of food, drinks and various desserts provided a feast fit___44.___a king. The boat that transported passengers glided through the water,___45.___（send）ribbons of waves and gentle ripples（涟漪）through the sea. The quiet harbor’s mix of hills, houses and beautiful ships gave the air a pleasant harmony.
The University of Sydney was another harbour. It was the place___46.___the famous Harry Potter series was shot. The towering ancient buildings, with their fantastic carvings, gave me
___47.___magical feeling in the afternoon sun. Their beauty was matched only by the blossoming roses on the ground, making the university quite___48.___（enjoy）for studying.
Another___49.___（attract）was Bondi Beach. The white sand was made smooth by the waves. The blue sea-line was met with on-going waves, blue water, clear skies and laughing people. I had my slippers____50.____（put）on, so I walked down into the shallows to feel the sand and water flow over my feet.
As the bright sun cast my shadow upon the sand, I realized that this unforgettable land had made a deep impression on my heart.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.短文改错
My classmates and I were to graduate next month. We were determined to do anything. After a heating discussion, we decided on making a video to record our experience at school.
It took us a whole week to collect materials, during that we interviewed our teachers or took photos of every aspect of school life. The editing part before that was tough. We discussed what to put into the video. Some compromises are unavoidable, but the video proved perfectly. Several days later, when the video was playing on the graduation ceremony, it was well received. The teachers and students shared a great time. That surely gave to us a great sense of achievement.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，校剪纸俱乐部（paper-cutting club）主席，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸艺术展。

请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1、展览主题；
2、展览时间、地点；
3、展览内容。

注意：1、词数100左右；
2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Henry,
I'm Li Hua, the leader of the paper-cutting club in our school.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C
12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D
16. D 17. C 18. A 19. G 20. E
21. B 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32.
B 33.
C 34. B 35. C 36.
D 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. D
41. came
42. its 43. extremely
44. for 45. sending
46. where 47. a
48. enjoyable
49. attraction
50. put
51.(1).anything→something
(2).heating→heated
(3).experience→experiences
(4).that→which
(5).or→and
(6).before→after
(7).are→were
(8).perfectly→perfect
(9).playing→played
(10).去掉to
52.略。