中考话题复习世界与环境(教师版)

中考话题复习——世界与环境（教师版）
● 话题涵盖内容
● 教材链接
●基础夯实
词汇通关
国家与民族-名词
1.world世界
亚洲
3.Africa非洲
4.America 美洲；美国
5.Australia 澳洲；澳大利亚
6.Europe 欧洲
7.country国家8.China中国
9.Britain 英国10.Canada 加拿大
11.France 法国12.Germany 德国
13.India印度14.Japan日本
15.Russia俄罗斯16.Italy 意大利
17.Thailand 泰国18.Korea 韩国
19.capital首都；省会20.city城市
21.countryside乡下22.district 区域；行政区
国家与民族-形容词
1.foreign外国的
2.national国家的
3.international国际的
n 亚洲的
5.American 美洲的
6.Australian 澳大利亚的
7.British英国的
8.Chinese中国的
9.Canadian加拿大（人）的10.European 欧洲的
11.German 德国的12.India 印度的；印度人的13. Japanese日本的14.Russian俄罗斯的
15.local 当地的；本地的16.native 本族的；本地的
自然与环境-名词
1.Earth地球
2.nature 自然界
3.environment 环境
4.field 田野
5.forest 森林
6.mountain 高山
7.hill 小山；山丘8. river 河；江
ke湖；湖泊10.sea 海
11. water 水12.air 空气
13.coal 煤；煤块14.oil 油
15.fire 火；火灾16.earthquake 地震
17.animal 动物18.plant 植物
19.space 太空20. season 季节
21.spring 春天22.summer 夏天
23.autumn/ fall 秋天24.winter 冬天
自然与环境-动词
1.waste 浪费
2.save 节约
3.cause 造成；引起
4.change 变化；改变
5.cover 遮盖；覆盖
6.disappear 消失
7.dig 凿（洞）；挖（土）8.grow 生长；发育
9.pollute 污染10.throw 扔；掷
11. reduce 减少12.recycle 回收利用
自然与环境-形容词
1.natural自然的
2.serious 严重的
3.fresh 新鲜的
4.endangered 濒临灭绝的
5.harmful 有害的
6.polluted 受污染的
自然与环境-短语
1.cut down砍倒
2.break out 爆发
3.die out 消失；灭亡
4.put out 扑灭；熄灭
5.run out of/use up 用完
6.in need of 需要
7.places of interest 名胜古迹8.in danger 处于危险中
9.air pollution 空气污染
10.stop/prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
11.put sth. to good use好好利用某物12. do harm to...对……有害13.make full use of 充分利用14.try one’s best尽某人最大努力
句型通关
1．众所周知，地球是人类唯一的家园。

As we all know, the Earth is the only homeland for humans.
2．我们应该为保护环境做点事情。

We should do something to protect the environment.
3．我们应该节约用水和电。

We are supposed to save water and electricity.
4．回收废物是很重要的。

It is important to recycle the waste.
5．我们应该学会垃圾分类。

We should learn to sort the garbage.
6．只有保持生态平衡，我们才能保护好环境。

Only do we keep the balance of the nature, can we protect the environment well.
实战演练
听力训练
笔录要点根据你所听到的内容，填写下面的表格，每空不超过3个单词。

【答案】1. a movie 2. kids 3. around the world 4. birds ing plastic bags 听力原文
An American director Lynne Cherry made a movie called Young Voices for The Planet. It tells some different stories of kids who are making a differnece to the environment. Lynne Cherry wants everyone to know that kids have the power to bring about change. Felix is 11 years old. He helps to plant 2.5 billion trees in Germany and 12 billion trees around the world. Olivia is the same age of Felix, and she rises more than 200,000 dollars to protect birds. Ted is 12 years old. He tries his best to ask people to stop using plastic bags. Alec, a 14-year-old boy, teaches other kids about the climate change. He makes more than 17 speeches across the country.
语法选择
A large part of China experienced larger amounts of smog(雾霾) than usual.The air was __1__ polluted.The distance one could see was shorter than 1,000 meters in Beijing, Tianjin, and the provinces of Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Anhui.In some areas, it was down to 200 meters.
People usually set off firecrackers(爆竹)__2__ the Spring Festival.__3__ because of the smog, this year seemed very quiet.It was really different.A man__4__ Zhang Wei said that his friends and he hadn’t set off a single firecracker.
“We all suffered from last__5__ smog.If we don’t call an end to the firecrackers, the environment will get worse and worse during the holiday.” Said Zhang Wei.He called on more people to set off fewer firecrackers during this year’s Spring Festival holiday by__6__ up a notice in his neighborhood.
More Chinese looked forward to celebrating the holiday__7__ a greener way.They decided not to set off firecrackers.They also decided__8__ food.They said that the new celebrations sounded popular.
To clean the sky, more than ten provinces__9__ Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu have started to use national 4 standard, which is expected to reduce vehicle emission (车辆排放) by 30% to 50%.Beijing even has started to use the__10__ national 5 standard.
We still have a lot to do to improve the air quality.For example, using public transportation as much as possible is not a hard thing for us to do, but it matters a lot.
()1．A．bad B．badly C．worse D．worst
()2．A．celebrate B．celebrated C．to celebrate D．celebrating ()3．A．But B．So C．Or D．And
()4．A．calling B．called C．calls D．call
()5．A．month B．months C．months’D．month’s
()6．A．put B．to put C．putting D．Puts
()7．A．in B．on C．at D．to
()8．A．don’t waste B．don’t to waste C．not waste D．not to waste ()9．A．including B．include C．included D．includes
()10．A．strict B．stricter C．strictest D．more strict 【答案】1-5：B C A B D 6-10：C A D A B
完形填空
As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse. In some places we can’t see fish swimming in the river or trees on the hills. Some people even have no clean 1 to drink. Recently, a new lifestyle called low-carbon life is
2 every corner of our country. The meanings of low-carbon life are 3
energy and no waste. It is such an important project that I can’t wait to 4 my ideas on how to promote (推动)it.
First, we should 5 a no-car day every week in our school. Because cars not only cause serious air pollution but also waste energy. 6 the no-car day, neither students nor teachers are allowed to drive to school. At the same time, we just walk or run. Use our bikes and enjoy the fun.
Second, we had better not use plastic 7 any more. No one can stand the “white pollution”, 8 it is wise to use cloth bags which can be used again and again.
9 , one thing that we should keep in mind is that every big thing comes from small details. So, as students, we should 10 lights when we leave, use both sides of paper, and reuse our textbooks and so on.
All in all, it weighs greatly for all of us to put the low-carbon lifestyle into practice. Just set our mind to these: no-car days, no plastic bags, and no waste. Let’s do it now.
( )1. A. drink B. water C. soup D. tea
( )2. A. spreading B. moving C. living D. becoming
( )3. A. many B. high C. much D. low
( )4. A. express B. complete C. require D. accept
( )5. A. put off B. set up C. ask for D. think of
( )6. A. In B. At C. On D. With
( )7. A. boxes B. bags C. pens D. fans
( )8. A. because B. so C. but D. although
( )9. A. Finally B. Generally C. Last D. Lately
( )10. A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off
【答案详解】
1. B 考查动词辨析。

句意：一些人甚至没有干净的饮用水。

根据上下文提示，可知此处应填water，故选B。

2. A 考查动词辨析。

句意：最近，一种被称为低碳生活的新生活方式正在传播到每一个角落。

A.spread传播；B.move移动；C.live居住；become变成。

根据句意可知，此处应指的是传播到各地，故选A。

3.D 考查形容词辨析。

句意：低碳意思就是少的能源消耗和没有浪费，A.many 多的；B.high高的；C.much多的；D.low低的，根据句意可知，应选D。

4. A 考查动词辨析。

句意：它是如此重要的一个项目以至于我迫不及待的想表达关于如何推动它的想法。

A.express表达；plete 完成；C.require要求；D.accept 接受。

根据句意可知，应选A。

5. B．考查短语辨析。

A.put off张贴 B.set up建立，设置；C.ask for索要；D.think of想起，根据后面a no-car day every week in our school在我们学校无车日，应该是设置；我们应该在学校每周都将一天定为"无车日"，故选B。

6. C 考查介词辨析。

根据后面the no-car day在"无车日"这一天，具体某一天前用介词on，故选C。

7. B 考查名词辨析。

句意：第二，我们不要再使用塑料袋。

根据后文cloth bags(布袋)相对应，可知此处应填plastic bags，故选B。

8.B 考查连词辨析。

A．because因为B．so所以；C．but但是；D．although 尽管，根据No one can stand the"white pollution"，it is wise to use cloth bags which can be used again and again前面说没人能忍受白色垃圾，后面用布袋子是个明智的选择，应该是因果关系，故选B。

9.A 考查副词辨析。

A.Finally最后；B.Generally普遍地；st最后；tely 最近。

根据上文中First第一，Second第二，可知此处应填Finally用来陈述作者的观点。

故选A。

10.D 考查短语辨析。

句意：作为学生，在离开的时候应该关掉灯。

A.turn up调大；B.turn down调小；C.turn on打开；D.turn off关闭。

故选D。

阅读理解
The government in China ended its one-child policy and let families have two
children instead. The change is meant to balance population development, stop a falling birth rate(比率)and strengthen the country’s labor force.
China, with the largest population in the world, started the one-child policy in 1980. But the government allowed only a small number of couples to have two children. For example, some families in the countryside could have two children, if the first-born child is a girl.
In 2013, the Chinese government gave other couples a chance to have two children if one of them was an only child. At the end of 2014, China had a population of 1. 37 billion people. A total of 800 million of them have jobs. But the labor market population will drop in 35 years. That is to say, the country will be in great need of labor by the year 2050. With the two-child policy, an increase in birth can solve this problem.
But unlike people in the countryside, too many young people in the cities are no longer interested in having a second child. A survey of the UN also shows that the growth rate is low where there is a higher level of income, better education, more health care and better living conditions. A report by the United Nations shows that the growth rate of world population will actually go down in the next ten years. The growth rate will fall from the present 1. 8％to a rate of about 1. 6％by the end of this century. But the report also points out that problems of food, health care, housing, jobs and schools will get worse unless we do something about the situation. ( )1. The government plan to end the one-child policy because _____.
A. we need a larger population
B. millions of people have jobs
C. most families want to have a second child
D. the falling of labor population must be stopped
( )2. The underlined word “strengthen ” probably means _____ in Chinese. A. 增加 B. 购买 C. 培训 D. 转变
( )3. Our country will be in great need of labor _____ if the one-child policy continues.
A.in 2015
B. in 2035
C. in 2050
D. in 2070
( )4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The total growth rate of world population will increase.
B. The growth rate of population in richer areas will increase.
C. The growth rate of population in poorer areas will increase.
D. The total growth rate in big cities around the world will increase.
( )5. Which of the following may be the best title?
A. UN Report on World Population
B. Two-child Policy Carried out in China
C. Birth Rates Dropping Quickly
D. Problems with Overpopulation
【答案详解】
1.D细节理解题。

根据第一段“The change is meant to balance population development, stop a falling birth rate(比率)and strengthen the country’s labor force.”可知选D。

2.A词义判断题。

根据上文停止下降的出生率可知此处是增加劳动力，故选A。

3.C细节理解题。

根据第二段“That is to say, the country will be in great need of labor by the year 2050.”可知选C。

4.C细节理解题。

根据第四段“A report by the United Nations shows that the growth rate of world population will actually go down in the next ten years.”可知A错误；根据第四段“A survey of the UN also shows that the growth rate is low where there is a higher level of income, better education, more health care and better living conditions.”可知B错误；根据第四段“But unlike people in the countryside, too many young people in the cities are no longer interested in having a second child.”可知D 错误，故选C。

5.B主旨大意题。

纵观全文可知联合国报告只在第四段提及，故A错误；人口过剩问题没有提及，故D错误；除了提到出生率下降，还提及实施二孩政策，故B 更适合。

短文填空
We all need a healthy environment，but we produce waste every day and it is harmful to our environment. 1. ___________ students，we can still do something to help. 2. ___________ fact，even the simplest everyday activities can make a real
difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you to live 3. ___________ green life.
Remember these three words: reduce，reuse and recycle. Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. We should put them to good use. This 4.
___________money and reduces pollution. Before we buy something new，think if it is really necessary! When we do need to 5. ___________things，choose local products if possible，and try not to buy too many things from abroad. Reuse means “use again”. Use things for as long as 6. ___________ . When we buy things，make sure that they last a long time. We should take 7. ___________of them so that they will last，and we should repair them instead of 8. ___________ them away and buying new ones. Don’t use cups or bags which are made of paper. It’s better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again. Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it takes energy to pull down something and bring it back to daily life, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them.
9.____________ out what can be recycled in your neighborhood and take
10.___________in the the recycling programs.
We should also buy products made from recycled materials，such as recycled paper，used bottles, metal and so on. Johny, the president of Rubbish Recycle, often built some toys out of used bottles and paper. He also set up a lab to work for the rubbish recycle. He was well-known for this in his area and won a big prize in a recycling competition in his city. Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind.
【答案详解】
1. As 句意：作为学生，我们应该做些事情去保护环境。

as作为。

2.In 固定搭配：in fact事实上。

3.a live a green life绿色生活
4.saves 句意：不要浪费东西，这有助于省钱和减少污染。

save money节约钱。

5.buy 从下文“…try not to buy too many things from abroad”可知，此句意思是如果你需要买东西。

buy things买东西。

6.possible as…as possible尽可能……地。

use things for as long as possible意为“尽可能久地使用物品”。

7.care 固定搭配，take care of照顾。

8.throwing 句意:当东西坏了，我们应该修理，而不是把它们扔掉或者重新购买。

throw away扔掉。

9.Find find out找到、查明。

10. part 句意：号召大家加入回收利用的活动项目中。

固定搭配take part in，意为“参加”。

读写训练
A．回答问题
请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。

要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整，并把答案写在指定的位置。

Scientists who study the climate are still arguing about how fast the Earth is warming and how much it will warm, but they do agree that the Earth is warming and that it will keep warming if we don’t do anything about it.
Scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels (化石燃料) like oil and coal causes greenhouse gases to escape into(漏到) the air and that these gases are causing most of the warming. Another cause is deforestation (cutting down trees). Trees soak up carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), one of the greenhouse gases, from the air.
There are already some changes happening because of global warming. Sea level is rising and some animals are already moving to new homes. It’s already too late to stop global warming completely.
If the warming gets worse, as scientists expect, there may be some kinds of plants and animals that become extinct (灭绝的) because they can’t move to new homes. There may be more storms and floods. Sea level may rise so much that people have to move away from the coasts. Some areas may become too dry for farming.
Global warming is a very difficult problem to fix. People are having a hard time agreeing on what to do about it. For example, everyone agrees that wasting energy is a bad thing to do. But some people think that the federal government (联邦政府) should make laws about it, while other people think it should be up to each person or business to decide what to do.
Many states and businesses in the United States are not waiting until the federal
government decides what to do. They have already started working on the problem. 1．What causes most of the Earth warming?
The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation cause most of the Earth warming. 2．Why is sea level rising?
The sea level is rising, because of global warming.
3．As scientists expect，what will happen to some plants and animals if the warming gets worse?
Some kinds of plants and animals may become extinct.
4．Who has started working on the global warming?
Many states and businesses.
5．What should the federal government do according to some people’s opinion? The federal government should make laws about stopping the global warming.
B．书面表达
习主席说：绿水青山就是金山银山。

作为一名初三学子，我们如何当一名环保小卫士呢？请以保护环境为主题写一篇发言稿。

内容包括：
(1)说明环境保护的重要性(两点)；
(2)列举生活中一些污染环境的现象(至少两条)；
(3)号召大家从身边小事做起，共同保护地球——我们唯一的家园(至少三条)。

作文要求：
(1)不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和考生的真实姓名；
(2)语句连贯，词数80个左右。

作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数，也不必抄写在答题卡上。

How to Be a Good Environmental Guard
Good morning，ladies and gentlemen!
Today, I’d like to make a speech called how to be a good environmental guard. President Xi has ever said, “Clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.”_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
优秀范文：
How to Be a Good Environmental Guard
Good morning，ladies and gentlemen!
Today, I’d like to make a speech called how to be a good environmental guard. President Xi has ever said, “Clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.”
Now, we are faced with a major problem —environmental protection, which is very important to our lives. In our daily life，we can see air pollution，water pollution and land pollution.Our living conditions are getting worse and worse.We should do something to deal with the problems.
First，we shouldn’t throw litter or spit anywhere in public.Second，we’d better walk or ride a bike instead of taking a bus or a taxi.Third，we should recycle boxes, newspapers，cans and plastic bottles.Finally, we’d better use both sides of paper. What’s more, we are supposed to turn off the lights when we are not using them.
If we follow these suggestions，we will be good environmental guards. But as the saying goes, “Easier said than done.”So it’s time for actions.Let’s protect our only homeland—the Earth together from now on!。