中考英语人物成就描述练习题50题含答案解析

中考英语人物成就描述练习题50题含答案解析
1.Thomas Edison is famous for inventing the light bulb. He made great contributions to the field of electricity. Which of the following is NOT one of Edison's inventions?
A.The phonograph
B.The motion picture camera
C.The telegraph
D.The electric light bulb
答案解析：C。

托马斯·爱迪生发明了电灯、留声机和电影摄影机等，电报不是爱迪生发明的。

本题考查爱迪生的发明成就，需要学生对爱迪生的主要发明有一定了解。

2.Alexander Graham Bell is known for inventing the telephone. What was his nationality?
A.American
B.British
C.Canadian
D.French
答案解析：C。

亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔是加拿大人。

本题考查对贝尔国籍的了解，属于人物成就相关的基础知识。

3.Nikola Tesla is renowned for his contributions to the development of alternating current (AC). Which field did Tesla mainly work in?
A.Medicine
B.Physics
C.Chemistry
D.Biology
答案解析：B。

尼古拉·特斯拉主要在物理学领域工作，尤其是在交流电等方面做出了巨大贡献。

本题考查对特斯拉工作领域的认识。

4.Marie Curie is famous for her discoveries in the field of radioactivity. What element did she discover?
A.Radium
B.Platinum
C.Gold
D.Silver
答案解析：A。

玛丽·居里发现了镭元素。

本题考查居里夫人的重要成就，对放射性元素的了解。

5.Isaac Newton is known for his laws of motion. Which of the following is one of Newton's laws?
A.The law of universal gravitation
B.The law of thermodynamics
C.The law of relativity
D.The law of conservation of energy
答案解析：A。

艾萨克·牛顿的成就包括万有引力定律。

热力学定律、相对论和能量守恒定律分别是其他人的成就。

本题考查牛顿的重要定律。

6.Galileo Galilei is famous for his contributions to astronomy. What did he discover?
A.The structure of DNA
B.The circulation of blood
C.The moons of Jupiter
D.The theory of evolution
答案解析：C。

伽利略·伽利雷发现了木星的卫星。

本题考查伽利略在天文学方面的成就。

7.Charles Darwin is known for his theory of evolution. What is the main idea of his theory?
A.Species change over time through natural selection.
B.The earth is the center of the universe.
C.All matter is made up of atoms.
D.Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
答案解析：A。

查尔斯·达尔文的进化论主要观点是物种通过自然选择随时间发生变化。

B 选项是地心说，C 选项是关于物质组成，D 选项是能量守恒定律。

本题考查达尔文进化论的主要内容。

8.Albert Einstein is famous for his theory of relativity. What does the theory of relativity explain?
A.The behavior of light and gravity.
B.The structure of atoms.
C.The process of photosynthesis.
D.The circulation of blood.
答案解析：A。

爱因斯坦的相对论解释了光和引力的行为。

B 选项是原子结构，C 选项是光合作用，D 选项是血液循环。

本题考查相对论的主要内容。

9.Wernher von Braun is known for his contributions to space exploration. What did he develop?
A.The first computer
B.The first satellite
C.The first rocket
D.The first airplane
答案解析：C。

韦纳·冯·布劳恩致力于空间探索，开发了第一枚火箭。

本题考查对冯·布劳恩成就的了解。

10.Stephen Hawking is renowned for his research on black holes. What disease did he suffer from?
A.Alzheimer's disease
B.Parkinson's disease
C.Muscular dystrophy
D.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
答案解析：D。

斯蒂芬·霍金患有渐冻症（肌萎缩侧索硬化症）。

本题考查对霍金所患疾病的了解。

11.Who is famous for writing "Romeo and Juliet"?
A.William Shakespeare
B.Jane Austen
C.Mark Twain
D.Charles Dickens
答案解析：A。

“Romeo and Juliet”（（ 罗密欧与朱丽叶》）是威廉·莎士比亚（（William Shakespeare）的著名作品。

Jane Austen（（简·奥斯汀）的代表作品有“Pride and Prejudice”（ 傲慢与偏见》）等；Mark Twain （马克·吐温）的代表作品有“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”（（ 汤姆·索亚历险记》）等；Charles Dickens（（查尔斯·狄更斯）的代表作品有“Oliver Twist”（ 雾都孤儿》）等。

12.Which writer is known for "Pride and Prejudice"?
A.William Shakespeare
B.Jane Austen
C.Mark Twain
D.Charles Dickens
答案解析：B。

“Pride and Prejudice”（ 傲慢与偏见》）是简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）的作品。

William Shakespeare（威廉·莎士比亚）的著名作品有“Romeo and Juliet”等；Mark Twain（（马克·吐温）的代表作品有“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”等；Charles Dickens（查尔斯·狄更斯）的代表作品有“Oliver Twist”等。

13."The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" is written by ________.
A.William Shakespeare
B.Jane Austen
C.Mark Twain
D.Charles Dickens
答案解析：C。

“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”（（ 汤姆·索亚历险记》）是马克·吐温（（Mark Twain）的作品。

William Shakespeare（（威廉·莎士比亚）的著名作品有“Romeo and Juliet”等；Jane Austen（（简·奥斯汀）的代表作品有“Pride and Prejudice”等；Charles Dickens（查尔斯·狄更斯）的代表作品有“Oliver Twist”等。

14.Who is the author of "Oliver Twist"?
A.William Shakespeare
B.Jane Austen
C.Mark Twain
D.Charles Dickens
答案解析：D。

“Oliver Twist”（ 雾都孤儿》）是查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）的作品。

William Shakespeare（（威廉·莎士比亚）的著名作品有“Romeo and Juliet”等；Jane Austen（（简·奥斯汀）的代表作品有“Pride and Prejudice”等；Mark Twain（（马克·吐温）的代表作品有“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”等。

15.Which writer's works are known for their vivid descriptions of 19th century English society?
A.William Shakespeare
B.Jane Austen
C.Mark Twain
D.Charles Dickens
答案解析：D。

查尔斯·狄更斯（（Charles Dickens）的作品以对19 世纪英国社会的生动描述而闻名。

William Shakespeare（（威廉·莎士比亚）的作品主要是文艺复兴时期的戏剧；Jane Austen（（简·奥斯汀）的作品主要描写英国乡村中产阶级的生活；Mark Twain（（马克·吐温）是美国作家，主要描写美国社会。

16.Jane Austen is famous for her novels that focus on ________.
A.romantic love stories
B.adventures in foreign lands
C.social satire
D.19th century English countryside life
答案解析：D。

简·奥斯汀（（Jane Austen）以其聚焦于19 世纪英国乡村生活的小说而闻名。

A 选项浪漫爱情故事不是简·奥斯汀作品的唯一重点；B 选项异国冒险不是她的作品主题；C 选项社会讽刺不完全准确。

17.William Shakespeare's plays are known for their ________.
A.realistic descriptions of modern life
B.beautiful poetry and complex characters
C.simple language and straightforward plots
D.humorous stories about animals
答案解析：B。

威廉·莎士比亚（（William Shakespeare）的戏剧以优美的诗歌和复杂的人物而闻名。

A 选项对现代生活的现实描述错误，
莎士比亚的作品主要是文艺复兴时期的戏剧；C 选项简单的语言和直接的情节不准确，莎士比亚的作品语言丰富且情节复杂；D 选项关于动物的幽默故事错误。

18.Mark Twain is known for his ________.
A.serious historical novels
B.humorous stories about American life
C.romantic poetry
D.detailed descriptions of ancient civilizations
答案解析：B。

马克·吐温（（Mark Twain）以其关于美国生活的幽默故事而闻名。

A 选项严肃的历史小说不是马克·吐温的风格；C 选项浪漫诗歌错误；D 选项对古代文明的详细描述错误。

19.Which writer's works are often studied for their exploration of human nature
21. The famous painter Vincent van Gogh is known for his use of bright colors and thick brushstrokes. Which of the following is not one of his famous works?
A. Starry Night
B. The Scream
C. Sunflowers
D. Cafe Terrace at Night
答案解析：B。

“The Scream”（ 呐喊》）是挪威画家爱德华·蒙克的作品。

“Starry Night”（ 星夜》）、“Sunflowers”（ 向日葵》）、“Cafe
Terrace at Night”（ 夜间的露天咖啡座》）都是梵高的著名作品。

22. Pablo Picasso is famous for his unique art style. Which period of his works is characterized by fragmented forms and multiple perspectives?
A. Blue Period
B. Rose Period
C. Cubist Period
D. Surrealist Period
答案解析：C。

毕加索的立体主义时期作品以碎片化的形式和多重视角为特点。

“Blue Period”（蓝色时期）作品主色调为蓝色，表现忧郁。

“Rose Period”（（玫瑰时期）色调温暖。

“Surrealist Period”（（超现实主义时期）不是毕加索最具代表性的以碎片化形式和多重视角为特点的时期。

23. Leonardo da Vinci is renowned for his masterpiece Mona Lisa. What is unique about the painting's background?
A. It is very colorful.
B. It is a landscape with mountains.
C. It is hazy and mysterious.
D. It is filled with people.
答案解析：C。

蒙娜丽莎》的背景朦胧而神秘。

A 选项它非常多彩不符合实际情况。

B 选项是有山的风景错误。

D 选项充满了人也不对。

24. Michelangelo is famous for his sculptures. Which one of the
following is his masterpiece?
A. The Thinker
B. David
C. Venus de Milo
D. The Discobolus
答案解析：B。

“David”（ 大卫》）是米开朗基罗的杰作。

“The Thinker”（（ 思想者》）是罗丹的作品。

“Venus de Milo”（（ 米洛斯的维纳斯》）和“The Discobolus”（（ 掷铁饼者》）也不是米开朗基罗的作品。

25. Claude Monet is known as the founder of Impressionism. Which of the following paintings is his work?
A. Guernica
B. Water Lilies
C. The Persistence of Memory
D. American Gothic
答案解析：B。

“Water Lilies”（（ 睡莲》）是莫奈的作品。

“Guernica”（ 格尔尼卡》）是毕加索的作品。

“The Persistence of Memory”（ 记忆的永恒》）是达利的作品。

“American Gothic”（（（ 美国哥特式》）是格兰特·伍德的作品。

26. Which artist is famous for his pointillism technique?
A. Paul Cézanne
B. Georges Seurat
C. Henri Matisse
D. Edouard Manet
答案解析：B。

乔治·修拉以点彩画技法闻名。

保罗·塞尚、亨利·马蒂斯、爱德华·马奈都不是以点彩画技法著名。

27. Vincent van Gogh painted many self-portraits. What color is often used to represent his hair?
A. Black
B. Brown
C. Red
D. Blonde
答案解析：C。

梵高的自画像中经常用红色来代表他的头发。

黑色、棕色、金色都不符合他自画像中头发的常见颜色。

28. Which artist is known for his paintings of ballerinas?
A. Edgar Degas
B. Rembrandt
C. Raphael
D. Titian
答案解析：A。

埃德加·德加以画芭蕾舞女闻名。

伦勃朗、拉斐尔、提香都不是以画芭蕾舞女著名。

29. Gustav Klimt is famous for his paintings with rich gold and decorative elements. Which of the following is one of his famous works?
A. The Birth of Venus
B. The Kiss
C. Primavera
D. The Last Supper
答案解析：B。

“The Kiss”（ 吻》）是古斯塔夫·克里姆特的著名作品。

“The Birth of Venus”（ 维纳斯的诞生》）是波提切利的作品。

“Primavera”（（ 春》）也是波提切利的作品。

“The Last Supper”（（ 最后的晚餐》）是达芬奇的作品。

30. Which artist is known for his abstract expressionist paintings?
A. Jackson Pollock
B. Claude Monet
C. Pierre-Auguste Renoir
D. Jan van Ey
31.Lincoln is known for leading the United States through the Civil War and abolishing slavery. Which of the following is NOT an achievement of Lincoln?
A.Ending slavery.
B.Leading the country through the Civil War.
C.Discovering electricity.
D.Strengthening the federal government.
答案解析：C。

林肯以领导美国南北战争和废除奴隶制而闻名。

A 选项“结束奴隶制”是林肯的成就；
B 选项“领导国家度过南北战争”也是林肯的成就；D 选项“加强联邦政府”也是林肯的贡献之一。

而发现电的是托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生，不是林肯。

32.Washington is remembered as the first president of the United States. What did Washington NOT do?
A.Lead the Continental Army.
B.Establish a democratic system.
C.Invent the telephone.
D.Set an example for future presidents.
答案解析：C。

华盛顿作为美国第一任总统，领导了大陆军，建立了民主制度，为未来的总统树立了榜样。

发明电话的是亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔，不是华盛顿。

33.Newton is famous for his laws of motion. Which of the following is an achievement of Newton?
A.Discovering gravity.
B.Inventing the steam engine.
C.Writing Romeo and Juliet.
D.Painting the Mona Lisa.
答案解析：A。

牛顿以他的运动定律和发现万有引力而著名。

发明蒸汽机的是瓦特； 罗密欧与朱丽叶》的作者是莎士比亚； 蒙娜丽莎》是达芬奇所画。

34.Edison is known for his many inventions. Which of the following did Edison NOT invent?
A.The light bulb.
B.The telephone.
C.The phonograph.
D.The movie camera.
答案解析：B。

爱迪生发明了电灯、留声机和电影摄影机。

发明电话的是亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔。

35.Marie Curie is famous for her work in radioactivity. What did Marie Curie NOT achieve?
A.Discovering radium.
B.Winning two Nobel Prizes.
C.Inventing the computer.
D.Making significant contributions to science.
答案解析：C。

玛丽·居里发现了镭，获得了两次诺贝尔奖，对科学做出了重大贡献。

发明计算机的不是玛丽·居里。

36.Gandhi is remembered for his non-violent resistance. Which of the following is an achievement of Gandhi?
A.Leading violent protests.
B.Establishing colonial rule.
C.Fighting for independence through non-violence.
D.Inventing the airplane.
答案解析：C。

甘地以非暴力抵抗而闻名，他通过非暴力方式为印度独立而奋斗。

A 选项“领导暴力抗议”与甘地的理念不符；B 选项“建立殖民统治”也不是甘地的成就；发明飞机的是莱特兄弟。

37.Alexander the Great is known for his military conquests. What did
Alexander the Great NOT do?
A.Create a large empire.
B.Spread Greek culture.
C.Invent the printing press.
D.Become a famous military leader.
答案解析：C。

亚历山大大帝创建了庞大的帝国，传播了希腊文化，是著名的军事领袖。

发明印刷机的是古登堡。

38.Leonardo da Vinci is famous for his art and inventions. Which of the following is an achievement of Leonardo da Vinci?
A.Painting the Sistine Chapel.
B.Inventing the telescope.
C.Creating the Mona Lisa.
D.Writing the Iliad.
答案解析：C。

达芬奇创作了（ 蒙娜丽莎》。

西斯廷教堂天顶画》是米开朗基罗所画；发明望远镜的是伽利略； 伊利亚特》的作者是荷马。

39.Plato is known for his philosophical works. Which of the following is an achievement of Plato?
A.Founding democracy.
B.Writing The Republic.
C.Inventing the steam engine.
D.Painting the Last Supper.
答案解析：B。

柏拉图以他的哲学著作 理想国》而闻名。

建立民主制度的是古希腊的一些政治家等；发明蒸汽机的是瓦特； 最后的晚餐》是达芬奇所画。

40.Aristotle is famous for his contributions to philosophy and science. What did Aristotle NOT do?
A.Study biology.
B.Write Poetics.
C.Invent the computer.
D.Make significant contributions to logic.
答案解析：C。

亚里士多德研究生物学，著有（ 诗学》，对逻辑学做出了重大贡献。

发明计算机的不是亚里士多德。

41.Li Na is famous for winning two Grand Slam singles titles. Which of the following is NOT one of her achievements?
A.Winning the French Open.
B.Winning the Australian Open.
C.Winning the Wimbledon.
D.Winning the US Open.
答案解析：C。

本题考查对体育明星李娜成就的了解。

李娜获得过法国网球公开赛和澳大利亚网球公开赛冠军，没有获得过温布尔登网球锦标赛冠军。

选项A、B 都是李娜的成就，选项D 李娜虽未获得过美网冠军，但本题要求选出不是李娜成就的一项，所以答案是C。

42.Michael Phelps is known as one of the greatest swimmers of all
time. How many Olympic gold medals has he won?
A.18.
B.23.
C.28.
D.32.
答案解析：B。

本题考查对体育明星迈克尔·菲尔普斯成就的了解。

迈克尔·菲尔普斯共获得23 枚奥运会金牌。

所以答案是B。

ain Bolt is renowned for his speed in which sport?
A.Swimming.
B.Tennis.
C.Athletics.
D.Basketball.
答案解析：C。

本题考查对体育明星尤塞恩·博尔特从事运动项目的了解。

尤塞恩·博尔特以田径短跑闻名。

选项A 是游泳，选项B 是网球，选项D 是篮球，都不符合。

所以答案是C。

44.Serena Williams has won many Grand Slam titles. In which sport does she compete?
A.Golf.
B.Tennis.
C.V olleyball.
D.Table tennis.
答案解析：B。

本题考查对体育明星塞雷娜·威廉姆斯从事运动项
目的了解。

塞雷娜·威廉姆斯是网球运动员。

选项A 是高尔夫，选项
C 是排球，选项
D 是乒乓球，都不符合。

所以答案是B。

45.Lionel Messi is a superstar in which sport?
A.Football.
B.Baseball.
C.Hockey.
D.Cricket.
答案解析：A。

本题考查对体育明星莱昂内尔·梅西从事运动项目的了解。

莱昂内尔·梅西是足球巨星。

选项B 是棒球，选项C 是曲棍球，选项D 是板球，都不符合。

所以答案是A。

46.Cristiano Ronaldo is famous for his skills in which sport?
A.Badminton.
B.Football.
C.Basketball.
D.V olleyball.
答案解析：B。

本题考查对体育明星克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多从事运动项目的了解。

克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多以足球技艺闻名。

选项 A 是羽毛球，选项C 是篮球，选项D 是排球，都不符合。

所以答案是B。

47.Nadia Comaneci is a legend in which sport?
A.Gymnastics.
B.Swimming.
D.Athletics.
答案解析：A。

本题考查对体育明星纳迪娅·科马内奇从事运动项目的了解。

纳迪娅·科马内奇是体操传奇人物。

选项B 是游泳，选项
C 是网球，选项
D 是田径，都不符合。

所以答案是A。

48.Muhammad Ali was a famous figure in which sport?
A.Boxing.
B.Tennis.
C.Football.
D.Basketball.
答案解析：A。

本题考查对体育明星穆罕默德·阿里从事运动项目的了解。

穆罕默德·阿里是著名的拳击手。

选项B 是网球，选项C 是足球，选项D 是篮球，都不符合。

所以答案是A。

49.Yao Ming is well-known for his achievements in which sport?
A.Basketball.
B.V olleyball.
C.Tennis.
D.Table tennis.
答案解析：A。

本题考查对体育明星姚明从事运动项目的了解。

姚明以篮球成就闻名。

选项B 是排球，选项C 是网球，选项D 是乒乓球，都不符合。

所以答案是A。

50.Lindsey V onn is a prominent athlete in which sport?
B.Swimming.
C.Tennis.
D.Athletics.
答案解析：A。

本题考查对体育明星林赛·沃恩从事运动项目的了解。

林赛·沃恩是著名的滑雪运动员。

选项B 是游泳，选项C 是网球，选项D 是田径，都不符合。

所以答案是A。