高考英语暑假阅读理解选练6试题

延庆县2021高考英语暑假阅读理解选练〔6〕
制卷人：歐陽文化、歐陽理複；制卷時間：二O二二年二月七日
阅读以下四篇短文，从每一小题后所给的A,B,C或者D四个选项里面，选出最正确选项。

Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day's events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.After all, isn't accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?
When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, well－equipped with pens, a diary, and a camera.During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels.On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand.The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.I automatically took out my pen... At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.
Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations
that are particularly meaningful.I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects I find really beautiful.I'm no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.
I don't want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes.Maybe I won't have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I'll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.I don't live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.
1．Before the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of________. A．observing her school routine
B．expressing her satisfaction
C．impressing her classmates
D．preserving her history
解析细节理解题。

由文章第一段的最后一句话“After all, isn't accumulating memories a way of preserving the past？〞可知，我认为通过看过去经历的记录是保存过去的一种方式，应选D项。

答案 D
2．What caused a change in the author's understanding of keeping a diary?
A．A dull night on the journey.
B．The beauty of the great valley.
C．A striking quotation from a book.
D．Her concerns for future generations.
解析细节理解题。

由第三段的第一句话“At that point, I understood that nothing I
wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.〞可知，山谷的美让我意识到没有什么能比得上让自己去体验美。

应选B项。

答案 B
3．What does the author put in her diary now?
A．Notes and beautiful pictures.
B．Special thoughts and feelings.
C．Detailed accounts of daily activities.
D．Descriptions of unforgettable events.
解析细节理解题。

由第四段第一句话“Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.〞可知如今“我〞只把一些特殊想法和感受写在日记里，故正确答案为B项。

答案 B
4．The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is________.
A．to experience it
B．to live the present in the future
C．to make memories
D．to give accurate representations of it
解析细节理解题。

由最后一段的最后一句“I don't live to make memories...I just live，and the memories form themselves〞可知A项正确，C项不正确；由第四段最后一句“I realize that li fe will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera，busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.〞可知B项错误。

由最后一段第二句话“Maybe I won't have as many exact representations of people and places；maybe I'll forget certain facts，but at least the experiences will always remain
inside me.〞可知D项错误。

答案A。

阅读以下短文，从每一小题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

【2021界一模】A
Six years ago, I walked into a local animal shelter on a cold, rainy day. Although my house was already full of cats and dogs, I still couldn’t resist an occasional visit to the shelter. This time as I was walking down the row of pens full of barking dogs I noticed a small boy looking into one of them.
He had a malnourished〔营养不良的〕 looking body and a bony face with a big nose sticking out of the middle of it. He was looking at a small, golden dog. Its bony ribs were showing and its thin tail was folded between its legs. It wasn’t begging for attention like the other puppies but was hiding in the corner instead. The boy looked up at me with sad eyes and asked what was wrong with it. “It was probably abused and abandoned〞, I said. “That is why it is so scared.〞
The boy immediately turned to an older lady and said, “Grandma, I want this one.〞The old woman smiled and walked to the front desk to fill out the adoption forms.
I followed and asked about the boy. I found out that he’d had a rough start in life too. She had just gotten custody〔监护权〕 of him after the state had taken him from
his parents. She had hoped getting a dog would make it easier on him. I looked back at him, holding his scared puppy, and said a prayer for them both.
It was yesterday. I was driving down the road enjoying a gloriously sunny, spring day. Then in a green front yard I saw the boy. His teenage body was tall and strong. His nose no longer seemed big but fit well into his smiling face. He was throwing a ball to a healthy, happy dog with shining golden hair. His little act of love and kindness had indeed gone a long way. It had saved a dog’s life, healed his own heart, and given this middle-aged man fresh hope for us all.
26. The author entered the animal shelter because ____________ .
A. he loves dogs and pets
B. it was too cold outside
C. he wanted to buy a dog
D. he wanted to see the boy
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。

根据Although my house was already full of cats and dogs, I still couldn’t resist an occasional visit to the shelter.因为他家已经有许多狗了，他因为喜欢去看狗和宠物，应选A。

27. The reason why the dog was so scared is that _______ .
A. it was afraid of the cold
B. it had been ill-treated
C. it was frightened by the boy
D. it was frightened by the author
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。

根据It was probably abused and abandoned它被虐待，所以看起来很害怕的样子，应选B。

28 . Why did the boy want to adopt the golden dog?
A. Because the dog looked attractive.
B. Because his grandma also liked the dog.
C. Because they had something in common.
D. Because the author advised him to adopt it.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

根据I found out that he’d had a rough start in life too因为小男孩和这只小狗有一共同之处，应选C。

29.The Grandma wanted the boy to adopt a dog so that ___________ .
A. his life could be easier
B. he could play balls with it
C. he could forget about his parents
D. the dog could be taken good care of
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。

根据She had hoped getting a dog would make it easier on him.
她让小男孩领养一只狗以便让他的生活过得更加轻松，应选A。

30.What can we learn from the last paragraph ?
A. The author is a kind-hearted old man.
B. The boy’s nose has become smaller than before.
C. The author enjoys watching people playing with dogs.
D. Both the boy and the dog are growing healthily and happily.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。

根据It had s aved a dog’s life, healed his own heart,小狗和小男孩都幸福滴安康地成长，应选D。

Passage Thirty-five (Exploration on the Origin of Continents)
The origin of continental nuclei has long been a puzzle. Theories advanced so far have generally failed to explain the first step in continent growth, or have been subject to serious objections. It is the purpose of this article to examine the possible role of the impact of large meteorites or asteroids in the production of continental nuclei. Unfortunately, the geological evolutio n of the Earth’s surface has had an obliterating effect on the original composition and structure of the continents to such an extent that further terrestrial investigations have small chance of arriving at an unambiguous answer to the question of continental origin. Paradoxically, clues to the origin and early history of the surface features
of the Earth may be found on the Moon and planets, rather than on the Earth, because some of these bodies appear to have had a much less active geological history. As a result, relatively primitive surface features are preserved for study and analysis. In the case of both the Moon and Mars, it is generally concluded from the appearance of their heavily cratered surfaces that they have been subjected to bombardment by large meteoroids during their geological history. Likewise, it would appear a reasonable hypothesis that the Earth has also been subjected to meteoroid bombardment in the past, and that very large bodies struck the Earth early in its geological history.
The large crater on the Moon listed by Baldwin has a diameter of 285 km. However, if we accept the hypotheses of formation of some of the mare basins by impact, the maximum lunar impact crater diameter is probably as large as 650km. Based on a lunar analogy, one might expect several impact craters of at least 500km diameter to have been formed on Earth. By applying Baldwin’s equation, the depth of such a crater should be about 20km. Baldwin admits that his equation gives excessive depths for large craters so that the actual depth should be somewhat smaller. Based on the measured depth of smaller lunar crater. Baldwin’s equation gives the depth of the zone of brecciation for such a crater as about 75km. The plasticity of the Earth’s mantle at the depth makes i t impossible to speak of “bracciation〞 in the usual sense. However, local stresses may be temporarily sustained at that depth, as shown
by the existence of deep-focus earthquakes. Thus, short-term effects might be expected to a depth of more than 50km in the mantle.
Even without knowing the precise effects, there is little doubt that the formation of a 500-km crater would be a major geological event. Numerous authors have considered the geological implications of such an event. Donn et al. have, for example, called on the impact of continent-size bodies of sialic composition to from the original continents. Two major difficulties inherent in this concept are the lack of any known sialic meteorites, and the high probability that the energy of impact would result in a wide dissemination of sialic material, rather than its concentration at the point of impact.
Gilvarry, on the other hand, called on meteoroid impact to explain the production of ocean basins. The major difficulties with this model are that the morphology of most of the ocean basins is not consistent with impact, and that the origin and growth of continents is not adequately explained.
We agree with Donn at al. that the impact of large meteorites or asteroids may have caused continent formation, but would rather think in terms of the localized addition of energy to the system, rather than in terms of the addition of actual sialic material.
1. A mare basin is
[A]. a formula for determining the relationship between the depth and width of craters.
. a valley that is filled in when a spatial body has impact with the moon or the earth.
[C]. a planetoid (small planet) created when a meteorite, upon striking the moon, breaks off a part of the moon.
[D]. a dark spot on the moon, once supposed to be a sea, now a plain.
2. The writer does not believe that
[A]. an asteroid is larger than a meteorite.
. material from space, upon hitting the earth, was eventually distributed.
[C]. the earth, at one time, had craters.
[D]. ocean were formerly craters.
3. The article is primarily concerned with
[A]. the origin of continents.
. the relationship between astral phenomena and the moon.
[C]. differences of opinion among authoritative geologists.
[D]. the relationship between asteroids and meteorites.
4. Sialic material refers to
[A]. the broken rock resulting from the impact of a meteorite against the earth. . material that exists on planets other than the earth.
[C]. a composite of rock typical of continental areas of the earth.
[D. material that is man-made to simulate materials that existed far back in geological history.
Vocabulary
1. meteorit 陨石，陨星
2. asteroid 〔火星和木星轨道间〕小行星
3. obliterate 除去，消减……痕迹
4. crater 火山口，陨石坑
5. mare 海，〔也指月亮，火星上的〕阴暗区
6. impact 撞击
7. impact crater 陨石坑，撞击火山
8. brecciate 合成角砾岩
the zone of brecciation 角砾岩地带
9. mantle 地幔
10. stress 应力
local stress 部分〔本身〕应力
11. sialic 硅铝的
12. probability 概率，可能性
13. disseminate 传播，分散，浸染
14. morphology 组织，构造，形态〔学〕
15. astral 星〔星状体〕的
难句译注
1. Unfortunately, the geological evolution of the Earth’s surface has had an obliterating effect on the original composition and structure of the continents to such an extent that further terrestrial investigations have small chance of arriving at an unambiguous answer to the question of continental origin.
[构造简析] 句中用such…that 句型。

[参考译文] 遗憾的是，地球外表的地质变化对大陆原始构造和组成起了抹煞的作用。

这种消除作用到达了这种程度，使进一步的大陆的研究工作很难对大陆起源问题去得明确之答案。

2. In the case of both the Moon and Mars. It is generally concluded from the appearance of their heavily cratered surfaces that they have been subjected to bombardment by large meteoroids during their geological history.
[构造简析] in the case of 就……说，至于……，论到。

[参考译文] 拿月亮和火星来说，一般都从它们外表严重的陨石坑得出结论：它们在其地质进化过程中遭到过宏大的陨星的撞击。

3. Two major difficulties inherent in this concept are the lack of any known sialic meteorites, and the high probability that the energy of impact would result in a wide dissemination of sialic material, rather than its concentration at the point of impact.
[构造简析] that clause 是high probability 的说明同位语。

[参考译文] 这一概念本身固有的两大难点是缺乏任何的硅铝陨石和以下现象的高概率：即撞击的能量会导致硅铝材料广泛分散，而不是集中于撞击点上。

写作方法与文章大意
文章一开场就说明了此文阐述“大陆核生成过程中大的陨星的撞击作用。

〞由于地球外表地质进化抹去了大陆原始构造和组成的痕迹，只好由月亮和火星作为研究对象来说明地球。

从三方面来阐述：一是鲍德温的方程式，深度和宽度；二是硅铝组成；三是海洋盆地。

最后结论。

答案祥解
1. D. 是月球上的一个黑点，一度认识是海，如今知道是平原。

Mare basin海盆地。

词义本身说明D项对。

另一方面，第二段开场提及“鲍德温所列出的月球上最大的陨石坑直径为285公里。

可是，假如我们承受了某些由于撞击而形成海盆地的构造假设，那么月球上最大陨石坑的直径可能有650公里大。

〞这里都说mare basin指的是月球上陨石坑。

这就排除了A,B,C三个选项。

A. 是测定陨石坑深度和宽度的公式。

B. 当某一天体或者地球撞击时填入的深谷。

C. 当陨星撞击月亮时，撞掉的部分月亮而形成小星体。

2. D. 海洋是原来的陨石坑。

倒数第二段“另一方面，Gilvarry 用陨星撞击来解释海洋盆地的形成。

这一形式的最大困难在于大多数海洋盆地构造和撞击情况不符。

〞A. 小行星大于陨星。

B. 来自太空的材料，在撞击地球时，均匀分布。

C. 地球一度有过陨石坑。

这三项明显不对，谈不上相信不相信。

3. A. 大陆起源。

这在文章一开场就点明“大陆核起源长期以来一直是个谜。

进展到如今的理论一般都不能说明大陆生长的第一步情况，或者者遭到严厉的反对。

这篇文章的目的就是要研究大陨星或者小行星的撞击在地球核生成中可能起的作用。

〞另见难句译注1。

B. 星际现象和月球的关系。

C. 权威地质学家意见分歧。

D. 小行星和陨星之间的关系。

4. C. 地球大陆地区特有的岩石构成。

第三段第三句：“举例说，Donn et al.提出大陆区域大小的，硅铝构造的天体撞击形成最初的大陆块的设想。

〞其它见难句译注3。

A. 由于陨星撞击地球形成破碎的岩石。

B. 存在于地球之外其它星球的材料。

C. 人造材料模拟存在于遥远地质史上的材料。

三项文内都没有提到。

制卷人：歐陽文化、歐陽理複；制卷時間：二O二二年二月七日。