六年级地理变迁英语阅读理解30题

六年级地理变迁英语阅读理解30题
1
<背景文章>
V olcanoes are one of the most powerful forces of nature. When a volcano erupts, it can cause huge changes to the landscape. The hot lava that flows out can destroy everything in its path. It can cover the land with a thick layer of rock.
The ash and gas that are released during an eruption can travel long distances. They can block out the sun and cause a cooling effect on the climate. V olcanoes can also create new landforms. For example, when lava cools and hardens, it can form mountains and plateaus.
Some volcanoes erupt very violently, while others are more gentle. The type of eruption depends on many factors, such as the type of magma and the pressure inside the volcano.
V olcanoes are not only a threat to human life and property, but they can also be a source of beauty and wonder. The colorful rocks and minerals that are created by volcanic activity can be very beautiful. And the geothermal energy that is released by volcanoes can be used to generate electricity.
1. What is the main cause of the huge changes to the landscape when
a volcano erupts?
A. The wind.
B. The rain.
C. The hot lava.
D. The cold air.
答案：C。

解析：文章中明确提到“When a volcano erupts, it can cause huge changes to the landscape. The hot lava that flows out can destroy everything in its path.”，即火山喷发时，热的岩浆流出会对地貌造成巨大改变。

2. What can the ash and gas released during an eruption do?
A. Make the climate warmer.
B. Make the climate cooler.
C. Make the sun shine brighter.
D. Make the air cleaner.
答案：B。

解析：文中提到“The ash and gas that are released during an eruption can travel long distances. They can block out the sun and cause a cooling effect on the climate.”，即火山喷发时释放的火山灰和气体能传播很远，遮挡太阳并使气候变冷。

3. What can form when lava cools and hardens?
A. Rivers.
B. Lakes.
C. Mountains and plateaus.
D. Valleys.
答案：C。

解析：“When lava cools and hardens, it can form mountains and plateaus.”表明岩浆冷却变硬后会形成山脉和高原。

4. What depends on many factors such as the type of magma and the pressure inside the volcano?
A. The color of the volcano.
B. The size of the volcano.
C. The type of eruption.
D. The location of the volcano.
答案：C。

解析：“The type of eruption depends on many factors, such as the type of magma and the pressure inside the volcano.”说明火山喷发的类型取决于很多因素，如岩浆类型和火山内部压力。

5. What can the geothermal energy released by volcanoes be used for?
A. Cooking food.
B. Heating houses.
C. Generating electricity.
D. Watering plants.
答案：C。

解析：“And the geothermal energy that is released by volcanoes can be used to generate electricity.”指出火山释放的地热能可用于发电。

2
<背景文章>
Rivers play a very important role in shaping the land. Rivers carry
sediment and water. As the river flows, it erodes the land. The sediment carried by the river is deposited in different places. This deposition can create new landforms.
For example, deltas are formed when a river meets the sea. The river slows down and deposits its sediment. Over time, this sediment builds up and forms a delta. Another example is floodplains. When a river floods, it spreads out over the surrounding land. As the water recedes, it leaves behind sediment. This sediment builds up and forms a floodplain.
Rivers also carve out valleys. As the river flows through the land, it cuts into the rock and soil. Over time, this can create deep valleys.
Rivers are not only important for shaping the land but also for providing water for people and animals. We need to take care of our rivers so that they can continue to play their important roles.
6. What is formed when a river meets the sea?
A. Mountains.
B. Deltas.
C. Plateaus.
D. Valleys.
答案：B。

解析：文章中提到“For example, deltas are formed when
a river meets the sea.”，当河流入海时会形成三角洲。

7. What happens when a river floods?
A. It dries up.
B. It forms a desert.
C. It spreads out over the surrounding land and leaves behind sediment.
D. It becomes deeper.
答案：C。

解析：文中提到“When a river floods, it spreads out over the surrounding land. As the water recedes, it leaves behind sediment.”，当河流泛滥时，会蔓延到周围的土地并留下沉积物。

8. What do rivers carve out?
A. Canyons.
B. Hills.
C. Valleys.
D. Islands.
答案：C。

解析：“Rivers also carve out valleys.”表明河流会雕刻出山谷。

9. Why are rivers important for people and animals?
A. They provide food.
B. They provide water.
C. They provide shelter.
D. They provide entertainment.
答案：B。

解析：文章最后提到“Rivers are not only important for shaping the land but also for providing water for people and animals.”，河流对人和动物很重要是因为它们提供水。

10. What should we do to take care of our rivers?
A. Pollute them.
B. Ignore them.
C. Take care of them so that they can continue to play their important roles.
D. Use them only for transportation.
答案：C。

解析：文中提到“We need to take care of our rivers so that they can continue to play their important roles.”，我们应该照顾好河流以便它们能继续发挥重要作用。

3
<背景文章>
Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that explains the movement of the Earth's lithosphere. The lithosphere is divided into several large plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath. These plates move slowly over time, causing various geological phenomena.
One of the most significant effects of plate movement is the formation of mountains. When two plates collide, the pressure can cause the rocks to buckle and fold, creating massive mountain ranges. For example, the Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
Another consequence of plate tectonics is the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. As plates move, they can cause stress
and friction along their boundaries. This can lead to the release of energy in the form of earthquakes. V olcanoes also form along plate boundaries where magma from the mantle rises to the surface.
11. Plate tectonics explains the movement of the Earth's ___.
A. atmosphere
B. hydrosphere
C. lithosphere
D. biosphere
答案：C。

解析：文章开头提到“Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that explains the movement of the Earth's lithosphere.”，即板块构造理论解释了地球岩石圈的运动。

12. The lithosphere is divided into several large plates that float on the ___.
A. core
B. mantle
C. asthenosphere
D. crust
答案：C。

解析：文中提到“The lithosphere is divided into several large plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath.”，即岩石圈被分成几个大板块，漂浮在下面的半流体软流圈上。

13. When two plates collide, they can form ___.
A. valleys
B. plains
C. mountains
D. deserts
答案：C。

解析：“When two plates collide, the pressure can cause the rocks to buckle and fold, creating massive mountain ranges.”，即当两个板块碰撞时，压力会使岩石弯曲和折叠，形成巨大的山脉。

14. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur along plate boundaries because of ___.
A. heat
B. pressure
C. stress and friction
D. gravity
答案：C。

解析：“As plates move, they can cause stress and friction along their boundaries. This can lead to the release of energy in the form of earthquakes. V olcanoes also form along plate boundaries where magma from the mantle rises to the surface.”，即板块移动时，会在边界处引起应力和摩擦，这可能导致以地震形式释放能量。

火山也沿着板块边界形成，那里地幔的岩浆上升到地表。

15. The Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian Plate and the ___.
A. African Plate
B. Eurasian Plate
C. Pacific Plate
D. Antarctic Plate
答案：B。

解析：“For example, the Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.”，即喜马拉雅山是由印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞形成的。

4
<背景文章>
Desertification is a serious environmental problem. It occurs when fertile land gradually turns into desert. The process of desertification is often caused by human activities and natural factors.
Human activities such as overgrazing, deforestation, and improper agricultural practices can accelerate desertification. When too many animals graze on the land, the grass is eaten up quickly and the soil becomes exposed. Deforestation removes the trees that help hold the soil in place. Improper agricultural practices like excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides can damage the soil.
Natural factors such as droughts and climate change also contribute to desertification. Droughts reduce the amount of water available for plants to grow. Climate change can alter rainfall patterns and increase the frequency of extreme weather events.
The effects of desertification are far-reaching. It can lead to the loss of fertile land, which means less food can be produced. It also forces people
and animals to move to other areas in search of water and food. This can cause conflicts and put a strain on resources in other areas.
We need to take action to prevent desertification. We can plant more trees, practice sustainable agriculture, and reduce our consumption of resources. By working together, we can make a difference and protect our planet.
16. Desertification is mainly caused by ___.
A. natural disasters only
B. human activities only
C. both human activities and natural factors
D. none of the above
答案：C。

解析：文章中提到沙漠化的过程通常是由人类活动和自然因素引起的。

人类活动如过度放牧、砍伐森林和不适当的农业做法会加速沙漠化；自然因素如干旱和气候变化也会导致沙漠化。

17. Which of the following human activities can accelerate desertification?
A. Planting trees
B. Reducing consumption of resources
C. Overgrazing
D. Practicing sustainable agriculture
答案：C。

解析：文章中提到人类活动如过度放牧、砍伐森林和不适当的农业做法会加速沙漠化。

过度放牧会使草地被快速吃光，土
壤暴露出来。

而种树、减少资源消耗和实行可持续农业是预防沙漠化的措施。

18. What are the effects of desertification?
A. Increase in fertile land
B. More food production
C. Loss of fertile land and forced migration
D. None of the above
答案：C。

解析：文章中提到沙漠化的影响是深远的。

它会导致肥沃土地的流失，这意味着可以生产的食物更少。

它还会迫使人们和动物迁移到其他地区寻找水和食物。

19. What can we do to prevent desertification?
A. Continue with improper agricultural practices
B. Increase deforestation
C. Plant more trees and practice sustainable agriculture
D. Do nothing
答案：C。

解析：文章中提到我们需要采取行动来防止沙漠化。

我们可以种植更多的树，实行可持续农业，减少资源消耗。

20. Desertification can cause ___.
A. more water available
B. less conflicts
C. a strain on resources in other areas
D. none of the above
答案：C。

解析：文章中提到沙漠化会迫使人们和动物迁移到其他地区寻找水和食物。

这可能会导致冲突，并给其他地区的资源带来压力。

5
<背景文章>
Forests play a very important role in regulating climate. Forests can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This helps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and slow down global warming. Forests also help to regulate temperature and humidity. They can cool the air in summer and keep it warm in winter. Moreover, forests can prevent soil erosion and maintain water balance.
In conclusion, forests are essential for maintaining a stable climate. We should protect forests and plant more trees to help protect our planet.
21. Forests can absorb ___ and release oxygen.
A. carbon monoxide
B. carbon dioxide
C. sulfur dioxide
D. nitrogen dioxide
答案：B。

森林可以吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。

22. Forests help to regulate ___.
A. temperature only
B. humidity only
C. temperature and humidity
D. neither temperature nor humidity
答案：C。

森林有助于调节温度和湿度。

23. Forests can prevent ___.
A. air pollution
B. water pollution
C. soil erosion
D. noise pollution
答案：C。

森林可以防止土壤侵蚀。

24. We should ___ to help protect our planet.
A. cut down forests
B. burn forests
C. protect forests and plant more trees
D. do nothing
答案：C。

我们应该保护森林并种植更多的树来帮助保护我们的星球。

25. Forests can cool the air in ___.
A. spring
B. summer
C. autumn
D. winter
答案：B。

森林在夏天可以使空气凉爽。

6
<背景文章>
Glaciers are large masses of ice that form over many years. They are created when snow falls and does not melt completely. As more snow accumulates, the weight compresses the lower layers and turns them into ice. Glaciers can be found in many parts of the world, especially in mountainous regions and near the poles.
Glaciers are important for several reasons. They help regulate the Earth's climate by reflecting sunlight back into space. They also provide fresh water when they melt. However, in recent years, glaciers have been shrinking due to climate change. Warmer temperatures are causing more snow to melt and less snow to accumulate.
As glaciers melt, they can have a significant impact on the environment. For example, they can cause sea levels to rise, which can flood coastal areas. They can also affect the flow of rivers and the availability of water for people and animals.
It is important for us to understand the importance of glaciers and take steps to protect them. We can reduce our carbon emissions to slow down climate change and help preserve these important natural resources.>
26. Glaciers are formed when ___.
A. rain falls and freezes
B. snow falls and does not melt completely
C. water freezes in rivers
D. ice melts in the ocean
答案：B。

解析：文章中提到“They are created when snow falls and does not melt completely.”，所以冰川是当雪落下且不完全融化时形成的。

27. Glaciers are important because they ___.
A. make the Earth warmer
B. provide fresh water when they melt
C. cause sea levels to drop
D. use up all the fresh water
答案：B。

解析：文中提到“They also provide fresh water when they melt.”，冰川融化时会提供淡水，所以很重要。

28. Climate change is causing glaciers to ___.
A. grow larger
B. stay the same size
C. shrink
D. disappear completely
答案：C。

解析：“However, in recent years, glaciers have been shrinking due to climate change.”表明气候变化导致冰川缩小。

29. When glaciers melt, they can cause ___.
A. more snow to fall
B. sea levels to rise
C. rivers to dry up
D. the Earth to cool down
答案：B。

解析：“As glaciers melt, they can have a significant impact on the environment. For example, they can cause sea levels to rise.”冰川融化会导致海平面上升。

30. To protect glaciers, we can ___.
A. use more fossil fuels
B. cut down more trees
C. reduce our carbon emissions
D. waste more water
答案：C。

解析：“We can reduce our carbon emissions to slow down climate change and help preserve these important natural resources.”为了保护冰川，我们可以减少碳排放。