北师大版高中英语必修五第3讲：Unit13 people-语法篇(教师版)

Unit13 People语法篇
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通过本节课||，学生可掌握unit13中重点语法及其用法||，并通过各个题型的练习||，巩固语法基础||，提升综合解题能力||。

过去分词
过去分词起形容词、副词的作用||，在句中作状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语||。

一、过去分词作状语
1.通常修饰谓语||，很多是说明动作发生的背景或情况||。

Guided by these principles||，they went on with the work.
在这些方针的指引下||，他们继续进行这项工作||。

Delighted with her work||，they made her the general manager.
他们很欣赏她的工作||，让她当了总经理||。

Encouraged by these successes||，they decided to expand the business.
在这些成绩的鼓舞下他们决定扩大经营||。

Built in 1192||，the bridge is over 700 years old.
这座桥是1192年修的||，已经有七百多年的历史了||。

2.过去分词也可作原因状语
Influenced by his example||，they performed countless good deeds.
在他的事迹的影响下||，他们做了无数件好事||。

Confined to bed||，she needed to be waited on in everything.
(由于)她卧病在床||，什么事都需要人照顾||。

He soon fell asleep||，exhausted by the journey.
由于旅途劳累他很快就睡着了||。

3.过去分词也可作时间状语
Seen from the hill||，the town looks magnificent.
从山上看这座城市非常漂亮||。

This method||，tried in areas near Shanghai||，resulted in a marked rise in total production.这个办法在上海附近地区试验时总产量有了显著提高||。

4.过去分词也可作假设的条件状语
Given closer analysis||，we can see this is totally wrong.
仔细分析一下||，我们可以看出这是完全错误的||。

Given better attention||，the cabbages could have grown better.
如果管理得好一点||，这些大白菜还可以长得更好||。

United we stand||，divided we fall.
(谚)团结则存||，分裂则亡||。

二、过去分词作定语
过去分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生或没有一定的时间性||。

Is this the book recommended by our teacher?
这是老师推荐的书吗？
A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.
今天发的信或许后天他能收到||。

We have to pay duties on goods imported from abroad.
进口商品得交税||。

I hate to see letters written in pencil.
我讨厌看铅笔写的信||。

三、过去分词作表语
过去分词多表示主语所处的状态||。

The door remained locked.
门仍然锁着||。

She felt disappointed.
她感到很失望||。

He seems quite delighted at the idea.
听了这想法他似乎很激动||。

注意：这种结构和被动语态的区别||。

被动语态表示一个动作||。

It is usually closed at 6.
它通常六点关门||。

The book was written by a woman.
这书是一位妇女写的||。

四、过去分词作宾语补足语
She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.
她很高兴看到孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾||。

He once heard the song sung in German.
有一次他听见有人用德语唱了这首歌||。

You’d better have your shoes mended.
你最好还是请人把鞋子修一下||。

五、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格
All books returned at the end of the term||，the library assistant was satisfied.所有的书期末时都还了||，图书管理员很高兴||。

The field ploughed||，he began to spread seed.
地耕好了||，他开始撒种子||。

1. ________ a tough job market||，fresh graduates are dreaming of running their own businesses instead.
A. Facing with
B. Faced with
C. Faced up with
D. Facing to
解析：考查非谓语动词||。

分词的逻辑主语是fresh graduates||，与face with间为被动关系||，故用过去分词作状语||，用faced with||。

答案：B
2. If ________ in wet sand||，vegetables can remain fresh for a long time.
A. being buried
B. having buried
C. buried
D. burying
解析：考查非谓语动词||。

动词bury与句子主语之间构成动宾关系||，原句补充完整后为：If they are buried...
答案：C
3. I found her ______ at the desk ______ a letter.
A. sitting; written
B. seated; writing
C. seated; written
D. seating; writing
解析：考查非谓语动词||。

seat为及物动词||，不带宾语时||，用过去分词形式||，此句中作宾语补足语||，seated相当于sitting；现在分词writing作伴随状语||。

答案：B
4. Nearly half the U. S. workers questioned in a survey_____ yesterday said they were worried that their jobs are at risk amid the current economic crisis.
A. having released
B. being released
C. released
D. releasing
解析：考查非谓语动词||。

句意为“昨天公布的一项调查显示||，被询问的近一半的美国员工称他们担心眼下的经济危机会危及到自己的工作”||。

这里是过去分词作定语||，修饰survey||。

答案：C
警示误区：解决考查非谓语动词的题目时||，首先要注意动词与它的逻辑主语之间的主、被动关系||。

再者||，要注意过去分词形式和being done结构的区别||。

这是一个测试的热点||，不要混淆||，单纯的过去分词表示完成和被动两层含义||，而being done结构则表示动作正在进行||。

5. The sale usually takes place outside the house||，with the audience ________ on benches||，chairs or boxes.
A. having seated
B. seating
C. seated
D. being seated
解析：考查非谓语动词||。

句意：促销活动经常在户外进行||，观看的人坐在长凳、椅子或箱子上||。

本句中with的复合结构作状语||，即with＋宾语＋宾语补足语||。

句中应该用seated表状态||，故选C||。

答案：C
基础演练
一、单项选择
1. Because of my poor English I’m afraid I can’t make myself ________.
A. understand
B. to understand
C. understanding
D. understood
2. The workers want us ________ together with them.
A. work
B. working
C. to work
D. worked
3. What’s the language ________ in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
4. ________ some officials||，Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed
B. Followed by
C. Being followed
D. Having been followed by
5. Most of the people ________ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. inviting
6. He was disappointed to find his suggestions _____.
A. been turned down
B. turned down
C. to be turned down
D. to turn down
7. Do you know the boy ________ under the big tree?
A. lay
B. lain
C. Laying
D. lying
8. —Good morning. Can I help you?
—I’d like to have this package ________||，madam.
A. be weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighed
9. There was a terrible noise ________ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
10. ________ more attention||，the trees could have grown better.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
巩固提高
一、适当形式填空（单句适当形式）
1. You cannot accept an opinion (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
2. (cover) with snow||，the mountain looks very beautiful and peaceful.
3. A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.
4. My computer was (break) so I couldn't read your two e-mails until toady.
5. Healthy eating (combination) with regular exercise is a way to become fit.
6. (found) in 1636||，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
7. The cartoon||， (intention) for the young kids||，turned out to be popular with the adults.
8. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain (seat) as the plane was making
a landing.
9. Many things (consider) impossible in the past are very common today.
10. I know that if I start watching a soap opera||，I immediately become (addict).
Keys:
基础演练
DCBBA BDDBA
巩固提高
1. offered
2. Covered
3. questioned
4. broken
5. combined
6. Founded
7. intended
8. seated
9. considered
10. addicted
一、选词填空（单句选词填空）
1. "All of our ice cream and (freezing/frozen) foods melted||，" said the manager of a store in downtown Manhattan.
2. (Buried/To bury) deep down in the earth||，the dead forests rotted away and became coal.
3. Most African countries are countries||，while America||，Britain||，Germany and so on are countries. (developing/developed)
4. (Seen/Seeing) from the top of the hill||，the city looked like a big garden.
5. The little girl's (scary/scared) expression showed she was frightened.
6. I was to see my old friends again. Besides||，much to my ||，Tony expressed his love to me. (delight/delighted)
7. Don't touch the glass because it is (breaking/broken).
8. Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police||，but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not (worried/worry) any more.
9. The air has leaked out of this football. Could you get it (blow/blown/to blow) up?
10. When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth (examining/examined)?
二、单句改错
1. Marking with the date on which it was bought||，the dictionary was put on the shelf.
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2. I have collected the money needing to build the new library.
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3. Taking good care of||，the old woman feels very happy.
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4. The soldiers tried to rescue the people trapping in the big fire on the top floor.
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5. Many people believe the English speaking on TV and the radio is standard English.
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6. People say Vancouver is Canada's most beautiful city||，surround by the mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
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7. Being driven by a greater demand for vegetables||，farmers have built more greenhouses.
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8. Leading by the Party||，we have won one victory after another.
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9. I am sweeping the falling leaves.
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10. When the teacher came in||，she found two of the windows breaking.
_____________________________________________________________________________________ Keys：
一、选词填空（单句选词填空）
1. frozen
2. Buried
3. developing||，developed
4. Seen
5. scared
6. delighted||，delight
7. broken
8. worried
9. blown
10. examined
二、单句改错
1. Marking改为Marked
2. needing改为needed
3. Taking改为Taken
4. trapping改为trapped
5. speaking改为spoken
6. surround改为surrounded
7. Being driven改为Driven
8. Leading改为Led
9. falling改为fallen
10. breaking改为broken
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一、单项选择
1. He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. （2019湖北22）
A. emotion
B. talent
C. identity
D. treasure
2. The failure was a big___________ to him||，but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as
ever. （2019福建24）
A. blow
B. issue
C. excuse
D. factor
3. It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve. （2019湖南27）
A. is; takes
B. are; takes
C. are; take
D. is; take
4. The meeting will be held in September||，but____ knows the date for sure. （2019重庆2）
A. everybody
B. nobody
C. anybody
D. somebody
5.The research group produced two reports based on the survey||，but_________ contained any
useful suggestions. （2019福建21）
A. all
B. none
C. either
D. neither
二、阅读理解
The world's smallest known animal with a backbone(脊椎) is a frog the size of a housefly||，a new study says. At 7.7mm long||，the newfound frog is a little smaller than the previous(先前的) record holder||，a fish||，which measures about 7.9mm.
Scientist Christopher Austin and his student Eric Rittmeyer discovered the little frog during a trip to Papua New Guinea to study animals and plants on the island. They happened to find the world's smallest frog.
"This frog has a call that doesn't sound like a frog at all. It sounds like an insect||，" said Austin.
The calls were coming from all around them||，and it took the two researchers a while to find out that the sounds were coming from the ground. They thought they would find an insect. What they got instead surprised them.
"We found it by putting a whole handful of leaves into a clear plastic bag and going through it carefully until we saw that small frog jump off one of those leaves||，" said Austin.
The frogs can jump 30 times their own length. When Austin brought the camera to his eyes||，the subject would often already be gone. After jumping around for some time||，the frogs stopped long enough for Austin to take photos. Even so||，he had to enlarge the photos in order to describe the new species.
The scientists also found another new little frog species in New Guinea. Austin said that they found 20 species unknown before on the island of New Guinea.
It was a unique experience||，but both scientists agree that finding the smallest frog isn't the most important discovery. Instead||，it is important to find tiny frogs have much in common. Almost all the tiny frogs||，at least 29 species worldwide||，are hidden in the wet leaves on tropical(热带的) forest floors. This helps protect the frogs. Small size increases the risk of drying out||，which would kill the frogs. In addition||，they eat creatures that other frogs don't eat.
1. According to the text||，the newly found frog .
A. lives underground
B. has a unique call
C. is 7.9mm long
D. feeds on leaves
2. What do we know about the two researchers' trip to the island?
A. They just happened to pass there.
B. They found 29 new species of frogs.
C. They didn't expect to find such a tiny frog.
D. Their most important finding was the tiny frog.
3. It is implied in the last paragraph that tiny frogs .
A. are struggling to survive
B. prefer to live in a wet habitat
C. are unique to New Guinea
D. differ greatly from each other
4. The purpose of the text is to .
A. report on a recent find
B. introduce some tiny frogs
C. share a traveling experience
D. call on readers to protect nature
三、短文7选5
3 Ways to Make Responsibility Fun
Here are 3 great ways to teach your child responsibility while still having fun:
Caring for a pet
I've heard many parents say to their kids||，"Now||，if you get this cat||，I'm not going to take care of it. You have to!" This is an unreasonable expectation for small children and sets them up for failure.
1. Instead||，when your child gets a pet||，accept that you will have to care for the pet too. Pick two or three fun pet tasks that your child can do.
2. If your child sees you are carefully caring for your pets||，you'll be teaching him how to look after them! And you won't have to do that anymore!
Volunteer work for children
Children need volunteer jobs that use their skills and allow them to see the positive results of their actions. 3. This can be an eye-opening experience that encourages him to help others.
4.
Many parents refuse to reward their children. But the truth is that rewards work when you encourage responsible behavior in your kid. Children under 10 usually can't understand ideas like social responsibility. Older kids also benefit from rewards because the reward means that people notice their excellent behavior.
5. So it is important to help your child grow into a healthy and responsible member of society.
A. Rewards for kids
B. Live your life responsibly
C. Children love repeating the things adults do.
D. Give your kid a chance to explain his actions.
E. Without personal responsibility||，society can't be healthy.
F. Also||，it teaches children that caring for pets is a difficult task.
G. Volunteer work teaches your child that not everyone has the things he has.
四、作文
最近||，你班英语老师组织同学们围绕“当科学家需要具备哪些素质？” 这个话题展开讨论||，要求同学们谈谈自己的看法||，并举例说明||。

请你写一篇120词左右的英语发言稿||。

参考词汇：雄心ambition；毅力perseverance
Keys：
一、单项选择
CAAAB
二、阅读理解
BCBA
三、短文7选5
1. F
2. C
3. G
4. A
5. E
四、作文
One possible version:
To be a scientist||，the most important thing we need is to have great ambition||，which is the driving force to keep us achieving our goals. Secondly||，we must have courage and perseverance because it is not an easy thing to do scientific research. As we all know||，Madame Curie was famous for her perseverance while she was researching into radium. She failed many times but she never gave up. It was her perseverance that led to one of the most important discoveries in history. Besides||，we need to be
hard-working. We have to devote most of our time and energy to scientific research so that we can make a difference to the world.。