英语论文引用文献参考格式-Citation
论文引用格式（Citationformat）
论文引用格式（Citation format）The national standard "Bibliographic References" (GB7714-87), "presentation of scientific and Technical Periodicals" (GB/T3179-92) and "Chinese academic journals (CD) data retrieval and evaluation standards", and used the sequence encoding tagging system.1. citation documents in the text annotation formatThe documents quoted in the thesis should be marked with square brackets in the upper right corner of the author or the text of the result, or as part of the sentence. Such as:In 1981, Japan gave only the vertical impact velocity formula of flat wheels impacting rails (1),......Xue, Du, et al. [2] pointed out that gossypol excreted slowly from the body.[literature 2] pointed out that gossypol excreted slowly from the body.Proof of theorem see document [3].Refer to many articles or the same authors of articles, only the papers number are all listed in brackets, the serial number "," separate; in case of serial number, available "~" connection, omitting the middle number. Such as:Findings from earlier studies [2, 4, 6-9] indicate that,......2. bibliographic reference format and example(1) a book or treatiseAuthor. Title [M]. Edition (first edition is not marked). Publication: publisher, publication year. Initial or start page number of the citation1 Zhai Wanming. Vehicle track coupling dynamics [M]. Beijing: China Railway Press, 1997.74 - 80.2 nachod Kim M in traction motor design [M] Li Zhongwu, Fan Junjie, Li Tieyuan. Beijing: China Railway Press, 1983.21-25.[3] Eisson, H, N.Immunology:an, introduction, to, molecular, and, principles, of, the, immune,, respones [M],.5th, ed., New, York:Harper, and, Row, cellular, 1974.3-6.(2) periodicals (Serials)The number of authors (articles). Title: [J]. journal, publication year, volume number (issue): the citation starting or page number.Shi Feng, Li Zhizhong. Optimization algorithm of railway vehicle flow path [J]. Journal of China Railway, 1993, 15 (3):70.[2] You, C, H, Lee, K, Y, Chey, R, F, et, al., Electrogastrographic, study, of, patients, with, unexplained, nausea, bloating, and, vomiting[J]., Gastroenterology,1980,79:311-314.(3) the literature published in the proceedings of the conference, the paper and the compilation of the papers[serial number] precipitation literature author. Title (article) name [A]. see (in English use In): original author, thesis collection name [C]. publication place: publisher, publication year. Quotation start or start stop page number1 Zhang Yuxin. Heavy truck high friction composite brake shoes the development and application of [A]. in: Chinese Railway Society compiled. Special international heavy haul braking Association Symposium [C]. Beijing: Chinese Railway Society, 1988.242.[2] Hunninghaks, G, W, Gadek, J, B, Szapiel, S, V, et, al.人的肺泡巨噬细胞[A]。
英语论文引用文献参考格式 Citation精选ppt课件
Grading: Total 50 Points
Get the audience’s attention 5
Introduction: Main Idea
5
Supporting Idea 1
10
Supporting Idea 2
10
Concluding Statement
Starting and Ending Speeches
The Function of the Introduction
Reveal the topic of your speech and then....
Get the attention of the audience by: 1) Concern the audience 2) Emphasize the Importance of Your
5
Evidence for Your Ideas
10
Eye Contact/Posture/Etc.5来自Grammar10
Sample Speech: The University Should Provide Air-Con in the Dorms
1) Introduction: Bring in the Audience. 2) Main Point 3) Supporting Point 1: With 2 facts. 4) Supporting Point 2: With 2 facts 5) Conclusion 6) Bibliography Slide
Example: Describing how things are not as they seem. “A cloud by day and a pillar of fire by
mla英语论文引用格式要求怎么写
mla英语论文引用格式要求怎么写MLA 是一种常用的引用格式，由于MLA 格式很严谨，在文章中即使是一小句也不可以随便不加任何注释的引用。
下面小编给大家分享一些mla英语论文引用格式要求，希望能对大家有所帮助。
mla英语论文引用格式要求Rubric of the Course Paper for “American Literature”关于“美国文学”课程论文MLA格式的细则1. The thesis is written in English, including the citation.( 全文用英文书写, 包括引用文献。
)2. What are some essential standard of a MLA paper? (MLA 论文基本要求)Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper. Set the margins of your thesis to one-inch(2.54 centimeters)on all sides. The paper should be double-space typed. There is one space between every English words. There is no space between the words and punctuations. (用12号新罗马字体排版，双倍行距。
页边距为2.54厘米，16开A4白色纸打印，英文单词之间相距一个空格。
单词和标点符号之间没有空格。
)3. How to Create a Header? 如何编辑页眉?Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your family name, followed by a space with the page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4) and flush with the right margin. Omit the page number on Page One.(编辑页眉，将你的姓和页码标注在右上角，姓和页码之间有一个空格，不用标点符号;上面边距是1.27厘米，右边与正文部分对齐。
英文文献的引用方法与格式
英文文献的引用方法与格式-- APA格式所谓APA格式是指美国心理学会（American Psychological Association) 所出版的出版手册（Publication Manual) 中，有关投稿该协会旗下所属二十九种期刊时必须遵守的规定而言. 学术界通称为APA 格式。
APA引证格式由两部分组成：论文中的文献引用与论文后面的参考文献。
必须注意的是,参考文献部份与文献引用部份息息相关,引用过的文献必须出现在参考文献中，而且参考文献中的每一项文献都被引用过,两者的作者姓氏以及发表年代也必须完全一致。
一、文献引用(Citation in Text）文献引用的目的，一方面是帮助读者进一步直接查阅有关文献的内容,另一方面是尊重与保障他人的知识产权。
文献引用的方式主要有两种,一种是在行文当中直接引用作者姓氏,如：Widdowson （1978） has claimed that native speakers can better understand ungrammatical utterances with accurate vocabulary than those with accurate grammar and inaccurate vocabulary. 另一种是直接引用研究的结果或论点,如:Communicative methods have the common goals of bringing language learners into closer contact with the target language (Stern, 1981). APA文献引用的格式主要有下列几种，分述如下:（一）作者为一个人时例1：Stahl (1983）has demonstrated that an improvement in reading comprehension can be attributed to an increase in vocabulary knowledge. [注：若行文中提到作者姓氏，用此例所示格式引用］例2:During the period of Grammar Translation methodology, bilingual dictionaries became common as reference tools （Kelly, 1969）。
英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式
英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式英语专业毕业论文引用和参考文献格式采用APA 格式及规范。
一、文中夹注格式英语学位论文引用别人的观点、方法、言论必须注明出处，注明出处时使用括号夹注的方法（一般不使用脚注或者尾注），且一般应在正文后面的参考文献中列出。
关于夹注，采用 APA 格式。
（一）引用整篇文献的观点引用整篇文献（即全书或全文）观点时有两种情况：1.作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现，如：Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities butin their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1990).2.作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，如：Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only intheir personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (1990).3. 如果作者的姓氏和文献出版年份均已在正文同一句中出现，按APA 的规范不需使用括号夹注，如：In a 1990 article, Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing.4.在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏，不得使用汉字，如： (Zhang, 2005)（二）引用文献中具体观点或文字引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码出版年份，没有页码是文献引用不规范的表现。
英文参考文献 引用格式
英文参考文献引用格式English:When citing references in an academic paper, there are several commonly used formats, including APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard. In APA format, the reference should include the author's last name and initial, the publication year, the title of the work, and publication information. For example, a book citation should follow this format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work: Subtitle. Publisher. For MLA format, the citation includes the author's name, the title of the source, the title of the container, other contributors, version, number, publisher, publication date, and location. In Chicago style, the citation should include the author's name, the title of the book, the place of publication, the publisher, and the year of publication. In Harvard style, the citation includes the author's name, the year of publication, the title of the work, and publication information. It is important to carefully follow the specific guidelines for each format to ensure that the references are accurately cited.中文翻译:在学术论文中引用参考文献时，有几种常用的格式，包括APA、MLA、芝加哥和哈佛。
逆天总结英文文献的引用方法与格式-APA格式
逆天总结英文文献的引用方法与格式-APA格式所谓APA格式是指美国心理学会(American Psychological Association) 所出版的出版手册(PublicationManual) 中，有关投稿该协会旗下所属二十九种期刊时必须遵守的规定而言。
学术界通称为APA格式。
APA引证格式由两部分组成：论文中的文献引用与论文后面的参考文献。
必须注意的是，参考文献部份与文献引用部份息息相关，引用过的文献必须出现在参考文献中，而且参考文献中的每一项文献都被引用过，两者的作者姓氏以及发表年代也必须完全一致。
一、文献引用（Citation in Text）文献引用的目的，一方面是帮助读者进一步直接查阅有关文献的内容，另一方面是尊重与保障他人的知识产权。
文献引用的方式主要有两种，一种是在行文当中直接引用作者姓氏，如：Widdowson (1978)has claimed that native speakers can better understand ungrammatical utteranceswith accurate vocabulary than those with accurate grammar and inaccuratevocabulary. 另一种是直接引用研究的结果或论点，如：Communicative methods have the common goalsof bringing language learners into closer contact with the target language(Stern, 1981). APA文献引用的格式主要有下列几种，分述如下：(一)作者为一个人时例1：Stahl(1983) has demonstrated that an improvement in reading comprehension can beattributed to an increase in vocabulary knowledge. [注：若行文中提到作者姓氏，用此例所示格式引用]例2：Duringthe period of Grammar Translationmethodology, bilingual dictionaries becamecommon as reference tools (Kelly, 1969). [注：行文中未提到作者姓氏，用此例所示格式引用；句子本身的标点符号位于括号的后面。
英语论文引用文献参考格式 Citation ppt课件
Emphasize the Importance of Your Topic
Tell a story and explain why it doesn’t relate to your topic.
Begin With a Quote
Example: Introduction to a Writing Course “I know of no sword so sharp as the pen, no blood thicker than the ink of the written word. If knowledge is power, writing is war.” – William Shakespere
Final Exam: Final Speech
Grading: Total 50 Points
Get the audience’s attention 5
Introduction: Main Idea
5
Supporting Idea 1
10
Supporting Idea 2
10
Concluding Statement
5
Evidence for Your Ideas
10
Eye Contact/Pr
10
Sample Speech: The University Should Provide Air-Con in the Dorms
MLA引用文献规范
MLA论文格式1。
MLA 文献引用格式的基本描述：文学类论文通常使用MLA（Modern Language Association)格式。
作者在正文中用括号夹注的形式注明参考文献的简要出处，即(作者姓氏+空格+页码）。
1。
1 In-text Citation：Ancient writers attributed the invention of the monochord to Pythagoras，who lived in the sixth century BC (Marcuse 197）.而在论文末尾的“引用文献”（Works Cited）部分(按作者姓氏的字母顺序排列），则可根据作者姓氏很容易的找出该引用文献的详细信息。
包括作者名（姓+逗号+名）、著作名、出版信息（出版地：出版社，出版年,文献类别)三个部分.1.2 In Works Cited：Marcuse，Sibyl。
A Survey of Musical Instruments。
New York: Harper, 1975. Print / Web。
21 Aug. 2011.2。
引语（Quotations）的格式（引用原文）用引号“”…Among intentional spoonerisms，the “distinctive features may serve to weld together words etymologically unrelated but close in their sound and meaning" (Jakobson and Waugh 304)。
用方括号（square brackets“[ ]”）和省略号（ellipses“…"）标明更动原文的地方.Smith （276）found that “…the placebo effect，which had been verified in previous studies，disappeared when[his own and others’]behaviors were studied …”短于三行的一句或者短于一句的引语应该写入正文，并且用双引号标明。
英文文献的引用方法与格式
英文文献的引用方法与格式-- APA格式所谓APA格式是指美国心理学会(American Psychological Association) 所出版的出版手册(Publication Manual) 中，有关投稿该协会旗下所属二十九种期刊时必须遵守的规定而言。
学术界通称为APA格式。
APA引证格式由两部分组成：论文中的文献引用与论文后面的参考文献。
必须注意的是，参考文献部份与文献引用部份息息相关，引用过的文献必须出现在参考文献中，而且参考文献中的每一项文献都被引用过，两者的作者姓氏以及发表年代也必须完全一致。
一、文献引用（Citation in Text）文献引用的目的，一方面是帮助读者进一步直接查阅有关文献的内容，另一方面是尊重与保障他人的知识产权。
文献引用的方式主要有两种，一种是在行文当中直接引用作者姓氏，如：Widdowson (1978) has claimed that native speakers can better understand ungrammatical utterances with accurate vocabulary than those with accurate grammar and inaccurate vocabulary. 另一种是直接引用研究的结果或论点，如：Communicative methods have the common goals of bringing language learners into closer contact with the target language (Stern, 1981). APA文献引用的格式主要有下列几种，分述如下：(一)作者为一个人时例1：Stahl (1983) has demonstrated that an improvement in reading comprehension can be attributed to an increase in vocabulary knowledge.[注：若行文中提到作者姓氏，用此例所示格式引用]例2：During the period of Grammar Translation methodology, bilingual dictionaries became common as reference tools (Kelly, 1969). [注：行文中未提到作者姓氏，用此例所示格式引用；句子本身的标点符号位于括号的后面。
论文中的APA引文格式
APA论文资料引用格式包括文献引用（reference citations）与参考文献（reference list）两部分。
1.文献引用1.1间接引用（citations）：间接引用需在论文主体部分引用作者姓名和文献出版年份。
读者可以在references list中看到所引用文献完整的信息。
A．如果引用文献只涉及一位作者的某本专著或文章，而作家的名字在自己的行文中没有出现, 将该作家的姓氏和所引用文献出版的时间用括弧括起来，放在句子结尾，注意该括弧算作句子的一部分，标点符号应放在括弧之后。
例: I t has been argued that teachers’ role is to provide the students with optimal conditions which can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar results (Bloom, 1976).B.如果引用文献涉及的一位作者的名字在行文中已出现，隶属句子的一部分，则只需在名字后加上括弧，将引用文献的出版日期放于此括号内。
例：Gould (1988) attributes Darwin’s success to his gift for making the appropriate metaphor.C．如果引用文献涉及到的作者和著作的出版时间在行文中已出现，那就不再需要单独的夹注了。
例：In a 1988 article, Gould explores some of Darwin’s most effective metaphors.D．如果引用涉及到的著作是由两位作者合著，则每次引用时都需把两位作者的姓氏注出来，在夹注中用“&”，在行文中则用“and”连接两个作者。
例：The disadvantages of the multiple regression analysis is that it cannot show the complex interrelations between independent variable (Bryman & Cramer, 1990). Bryman and Cramer also pointed out that…E．如涉及到的作者超过两人，少于六人，第一次加夹注时，写出所有作者的姓氏，以后每次引用，只需写出第一作者的姓氏，其后加上“et al”即可。
英文论文参考文献的格式
英文论文参考文献的格式英文论文参考文献的格式参考文献是英语论文的重要组成部分，下面我们就来学习英文论文参考文献怎么写吧!英语论文参考文献格式要求【1】I.文内引用(一)直接引用1.引用中的省略原始资料的引用：在正文中直接引用时，应给出作者、年份，并用带括号的数字标出页码。
若有任何资料省略，使用英文时，应用3个省略号在句中标出(…)，中文用6个(……);若两句间的资料省略，英文应用4个省略号标出(‥‥)，中文用6个(……)。
若要在直接引用插入自己的解释，应使用方括号[ ]。
若在资料中有什么错误拼写、错误语法或标点错误会使读者糊涂，应在引用后立即插入[sic]，中文用[原文如此]。
下面是一些示例：例一：The DSM IV defines the disorder [dysthymic] as being in a chronically depressed mood that occurs for "most of the day more days than not for at least two years (Criterion A) .... In children, the mood may be irritable rather than depressed, and the required minimum duration is only one year" (APA, 1994, p. 345).例二：Issac (1995) states that bipolar disorder "is not only uncommon but may be the most diagnostic entity in children and adolescents in similar settings .... and may be the most common diagnosis in adolescents who are court-remanded to such settings" (p.275).2.大段落引用当中文引用超过160字时，不使用引号，而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行，首行缩进4个空格，两端对齐，之后每行都缩进)。
英语专业毕业论文中的引用格式
论文中的引用格式1.1 间接引用（citations）A.如果引用只涉及一个作家的某本专著或文章，而作家的名字在自己的行文中没有出现, 将该作家的姓氏和出版的时间用括弧括起来，放在句子结尾，注意该括弧算作句子的一部分，标点符号应放在括弧之后。
例: It has been argued that teachers‟ role is to provide the students with optimal condition that can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar results (Bloom, 1976).B.如果引用所涉及到的作家的名字已经出现在行文中, 只需要在名字后面加上括弧, 填入出版时间即可。
例：Gould (1988) attributes Darwin‟s success to his gift for making the appropriate metaphor.C.如果引用涉及到的作家和著作的出版时间在行文中已出现，那就不再需要单独的夹注了。
例：In a 1988 article, Gould explores some of Darwin‟s most effective metaphors.D.如果引用涉及到的著作是由两位作者合著，则每次引用时都需把两位作者的姓氏注出来，在夹注中用“&”，在行文中则用“and”连接两个作者。
例：The disadvantages of the multiple regression analysis is that it cannot show the complex interrelations between independent variable (Bryman & Cramer, 1990). Bryman and Cramer (ibid.) also pointed out that…E.如涉及到的作者超过两人，少于六人，第一次加夹注时，写出所有作者的姓氏，以后每次引用，只需写出第一作者的姓氏，其后加上“et al.”即可。
论文中的APA引文格式
论文中的APA引文格式APA论文资料引用格式包括文献引用（reference citations）与参考文献（reference list）两部分。
1.文献引用1.1间接引用（citations）：间接引用需在论文主体部分引用作者姓名和文献出版年份。
读者可以在references list 中看到所引用文献完整的信息。
A．如果引用文献只涉及一位作者的某本专著或文章，而作家的名字在自己的行文中没有出现, 将该作家的姓氏和所引用文献出版的时间用括弧括起来，放在句子结尾，注意该括弧算作句子的一部分，标点符号应放在括弧之后。
例: I t has been argued that teachers’ role is to provide the students with optimal conditions which can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar results (Bloom, 1976).B.如果引用文献涉及的一位作者的名字在行文中已出现，隶属句子的一部分，则只需在名字后加上括弧，将引用文献的出版日期放于此括号内。
例：Gould (1988) attributes Darwin’s success to his gift for making the appropriate metaphor.C．如果引用文献涉及到的作者和著作的出版时间在行文中已出现，那就不再需要单独的夹注了。
例：In a 1988 article, Goul d explores some of Darwin’s most effective metaphors.D．如果引用涉及到的著作是由两位作者合著，则每次引用时都需把两位作者的姓氏注出来，在夹注中用“&”，在行文中则用“and”连接两个作者。
例：The disadvantages of the multiple regression analysis is that it cannot show the complex interrelations between independent variable (Bryman & Cramer, 1990).Bryman and Cramer also pointed out that…E．如涉及到的作者超过两人，少于六人，第一次加夹注时，写出所有作者的姓氏，以后每次引用，只需写出第一作者的姓氏，其后加上“et al”即可。
国外著作参考文献格式
国外著作参考文献格式英文回答：In-Text Citations.Author-Date System: Parenthetical citations include the author's last name and the year of publication, e.g., (Smith, 2023).Notes-Bibliography System: Numbered superscript references correspond to full citations in a separate bibliography at the end of the work.Reference List.Books:One Author:Smith, J. (2023). Title of the Book. Publisher.Two Authors:Smith, J., & Jones, M. (2023). Title of the Book. Publisher.More Than Two Authors:Smith, J., Jones, M., & Brown, J. (2023). Title of the Book. Publisher.Journal Articles:Print:Smith, J. (2023). Title of the Article. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), Pages.Online:Smith, J. (2023). Title of the Article. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), Pages. doi:XX.XXXXXX.Other Sources:Website:Author, J. (Year). Title of Page. Website Title. URL.Conference Paper:Smith, J. (2023). Title of Paper. Conference Proceedings, Location, Date.Government Publication:U.S. Department of Education. (2023). Title of Publication. City: Publisher.中文回答：正文引用。
英语论文引用文献参考格式Citation
2
Surprise the Audience
Example: After explaining the grading of a writing course.This course is one of the hardest writing courses in the university. The majority of my students fail……to use proper punctuation. I will help you to improve
02
All of you have been involved with something invented in Africa.
03
Tell A Story
Take something from your daily life and related it to your topic.
Tell a funny story and relate it to your topic. (the hurricane helicopter joke)
Bibliography
A list of the works that are in the student’s essay, or publication.Works that can be in a bibliography can include books, academic articles, newspaper articles and websites (sometimes).
Tell a story and explain why it doesn’t relate to your topic.
Begin With a Quote
英文参考文献会议引用格式及范文
英文参考文献会议引用格式及范文English Response:Conference Paper Reference Format.In-text citations should follow the author-date system. For example:(Smith, 2020)。
(Jones and Brown, 2021)。
(Wilson et al., 2022)。
The reference list should be placed at the end of the paper and should be ordered alphabetically by the last name of the first author. References should include thefollowing information:Author(s)。
Year of publication.Title of paper.Name of conference.Location of conference.Date of conference.Reference List Example.Jones, A. B., & Brown, C. D. (2021). The impact ofsocial media on mental health. Paper presented at the International Conference on Psychology, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 20-22.Smith, J. (2020). The relationship between sleep and academic performance. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the National Sleep Foundation, Boston, MA, June 10-12.Wilson, K., Lee, S., & Chen, J. (2022). The effects of mindfulness meditation on stress. Paper presented at the International Conference on Mindfulness, Sydney, Australia, March 15-17.中文回答：会议论文参考文献格式。
英语专业论文文献引用格式
文献引用文献引用注明出处反映了论文作者对所涉领域的把握和治学的态度。
文学方向论文一般按MLA规范。
引用格式要做到全文前后一致。
引文必须准确。
任何引文都必须标明页码，以方便读者查找。
短于3行的引文应写入正文，用双引号标明。
引文中的引文用单引号标明。
1）夹注引文出处使用括号夹注的方法。
夹注的内容包括引文作者的姓氏、名字缩写（必要时）、引文的页码和引文出处（文章、著作等）的标题或标题中的关键词组（必要时）。
引用具体观点或文字引文不超过一页时，页码标注方法：(Soja 124)引文超过一页时，页码标注方法：(Soja 122-124)如果作者姓氏在正文中已经出现，则不需要在括号夹注中重复。
如：Gamlin suggests that the novel’s “emphasis on the tale-telling nature of the story” (68) enables the immigrants to retell historical events.如果连续引用同一位作者同一篇文献同一页内容，则第二次引用时在括号夹注中标明ibid.如：Advocators of these movements argue for “their own distinctive cultures recognized within the public sphere” (McKee 21). In other words, they are linked by a “distinctive concern with questions of identity”and are fighting for “recognition of cultural difference”(ibid.).引用中文著作或期刊，括号夹注中须用汉语拼音标明作者姓氏，不得使用汉字。
如：(Zhu 12)引用同一作者的多篇文献引用同一作者的多篇文献时，应在括号夹注中标明文献标题中的关键词。
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Example Topic: Importance of Africa How many of you have drank coffee this morning? How many of you have worn a cotton shirt? [Audience raises their hands]
11
Get the Attention of the Audience: Anyone feel hot in here? I sure do. How many people here feel hot, raise your hand. [Questioning the Audience]
Main Point If you are feeling hot like me, then perhaps you need what I need, air conditioning in your dorm now! Here are some reasons why.
5
Example: Importance of Road Safety Everyday thousands of people die on Chinese roads. Tens of thousands more families go bankrupt from loosing income and health expenses.
Tell a story and explain why it doesn’t relate to your topic.
9
Example: Introduction to a Writing Course “I know of no sword so sharp as the pen, no blood thicker than the ink of the written word. If knowledge is power, writing is war.” – William Shakespere
6
Example: After explaining the grading of a writing course.
This course is one of the hardest writing courses in the university. The majority of my students fail……to use proper punctuation. I will help you to improve
Example: Describing how things are not as they seem. “A cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night.” – Moses (in Exodus)
10
Reinstate the main points addressed in the introduction.
Refer back to the introduction. If the introduction was a question, then
answer your question, if it was a quote then address your quote, if it was a story, then rehash the story.
10
Eye Contact/Posture/Etc.
5
Grammar
10
1
1) Introduction: Bring in the Audience. 2) Main Point 3)th 2 facts. 4) Supporting Point 2: With 2 facts 5) Conclusion 6) Bibliography Slide
2
3
Reveal the topic of your speech and then.... Get the attention of the audience by: 1) Concern the audience 2) Emphasize the Importance of Your Topic 3) Surprise the Audience in Some Way 4) Question the Audience 5) Tell A Story 6) Begin With a Quote
4
Example: Warning Students About Low Grades Look to the left of you, look to the right. One of you will not be here next semester.
Example: Cancer How many of you are over 35, smoke, or drink often? (Wait for the hands to go up) All of you are at risk….
Grading: Total 50 Points
Get the audience’s attention 5
Introduction: Main Idea
5
Supporting Idea 1
10
Supporting Idea 2
10
Concluding Statement
5
Evidence for Your Ideas
All of you have been involved with something invented in Africa.
8
Take something from your daily life and related it to your topic.
Tell a funny story and relate it to your topic. (the hurricane helicopter joke)