2021年广州市第二十一中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及答案解析

2021年广州市第二十一中学高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Obesity (肥胖症) is becoming a problem in our busy society, and almost one in three American adults is now considered to be obese. Children obesity is alsoat an all-time high.
Obesity means being very overweight. If you are obese, you have too much bodyfat. If you eat more food than your body can use, this will make you put on weight. Food that your body does not need will be stored as fat by your body.
The following are the major factors that increase the risk of obesity.
What you eat plays a major role in weight gain. Eating a lot of fast food such as hamburgers, sweet drinks, ice creams and other sweet food can increase the risk of becoming obese.
If you do not do enough exercise, you will put on weight as the food you eat is not being used to make energy for physical activities.
The chances of you being obese are greater if your parents are obese.
There are many psychological factors that cause people to eat too much. People who are worried, unhappy or bored will often eat to make themselves feel better. This is known as comfort eating.
Age is another factor, as you tend (趋于) to be less active when you get older. When you get older, you need to eat less, and if you do not eat less, you will put on weight. Obesity can cause many health problems such as heart problems, high blood pressure and many other serious medical conditions.
1. The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 means that ____.
A. obesity does not do harm to health.
B. there are more obese children than before.
C. all the American children are obese.
D. there are less obese children in the USA.
2. According to the passage, there are ____ major factors that increase the risk of obesity.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
3. What will the writer most probably talk about after the last paragraph?
A. How to avoid obesity.
B. How to live in the busy USA.
C. What illnesses are caused by obesity.
D. How doctors treat heart problems.
B
Newspapers in Great Britainvarygreatly in their ways of carrying the news. There are serious papers for those who want to know about important happenings everywhere, both at home and abroad. There are popular newspapers for those who prefer entertainment to information.
The London newspaper that is best known outside Great Britain is probably the Times. It began in 1785, and has a high reputation for believable news and serious opinions on the news. It calls itself an independent paper, which means that it does not give its support to a particular political party. Its leading articles give the opinions of the editors, not those of the owners of the paper.
Letters to the editor are printed in the newspaper. These parts of the Times are always interesting. Most of the letters are serious subjects. But from time to time there will be long letters on the subject which is not at all serious, perhaps on a new fashion of dress, or the bad manners of the young people, compared with manners of thirty years ago.
4. If you want to get pleasure, please buy yourself _________.
A. a serious newspaper
B. foreign newspaper
C. any independent paper
D. a popular newspaper
5. The Times has been famous to outside Great Britain for ________ years.
A. 19
B. 85
C. 236
D. 229
6. The Times is an independent paper because ________.
A. it supports no political parties
B. it is not controlled by the British Government
C. it gives special support to all the political parties.
D. the editor’s opinions are not examined by the owners of the paper
7. The underlined word “vary” in the passage probably means “_________”.
A. improve
B. compete with each other
C. are different
D. keep in touch with each other
C
The first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart. We tried to slow it down with
treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good.
In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.
Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, thefalloutfrom second-guessing appears especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes (中风). However, if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.
These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm(prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.
But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. ''Overreaction to Fearsome Risks'' holds true for broader society.
For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.
Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational (不理性的) thinking when processing information, bad events and mistakes. As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again, we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.
I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.
8. The first two paragraphs suggest that________.
A. bad medical outcomes affect doctors
B delivering babies can be difficult work
C. some doctors are not very experienced
D. doctors sometimes make silly mistakes
9. In the blood-thinner study, doctors________.
A. tend to prescribe less effective medicine
B. are more concerned about the patients' safety
C. become less confident in writing a prescription
D. believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding
10. What does the underlined word ''fallout'' in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Result
B. Benefit
C. Difference
D. Absence
11. The author will probably agree that________.
A. we should not doubt our own decisions
B. our experience will pave way for our future
C. humans are emotional and irrational on the whole
D. instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directions
D
My mother is a teacher. I often asked her, “ Why do you teach? What keeps you teaching?” The answer was always the same. “There is always that one child, that one moment that is worth it.”
Now, I am a teacher, too. But different from my mother, I teach students challenging activities outdoors. And when my mother asked me the similar questions, my answer was, “It’s that one child, that one special moment.”One of those moments happened recently. I was working with a group of girls in a four-week programme. Everything went on well through the “Team” events and we were moving on to a“High” one called the Wire Walk.
In the Wire Walk, each girl had to climb up the pegs in a tree to a wire, 8 meters high, and then walk across it. Of course, everything was safe for sure.
When it was Susie's turn, it seemed that she didn't really want to. I asked Susie if she was ready. She answered softly, “I suppose.”
Now, Susie was at the foot of the tree. She started to make the long reach. Then I found Susie was becoming nervous with every step. I realized she would not go much further.
Susie was halfway up. Then she stopped and held the tree tight, looking very afraid. Her eyes were closed.
With her face against the tree, she cried, “I can't.”
The other girls sat in silence. I talked quietly to Susie, trying to relax her. I talked for a long time till I ran out of words.
“I will still be your friend no matter what, Susie!” Mary broke the silence.
To my surprise, Susie lifted her head and looked up to the wire. Then she turned to look down at Mary and smiled. Mary smiled back.
Finally, Susie made it all the way across that wire. When she returned to the ground, the first hug she looked for was from Mary. We all cheered. Moments like this keep me doing what I do.
12. Why did Susie stop halfway up to the wire?
A. It was too high for her to reach.
B. She was too afraid to move on.
C. Something was wrong with it.
D. The teacher asked her to do it.
13. Why did Mary break the silence?
A. To try again herself.
B. To relax the writer.
C. To encourage Susie.
D. To draw Susie's attention.
14. What can we learn from the story of Susie?
A. Helping others is helping ourselves.
B. A word of encouragement matters a lot.
C. Outdoor activities bring peoplecloser than ever.
D. A good method plays an important role in teaching.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Wire Walk
B. That One Moment
C. Fear and Courage
D. The Young Hearts
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Do you want to know how to learn from failures? Your journey starts this second. It takes courage for people to realize that they help on how to learn from features. These following steps will assist you in learning from your mistakes and move on with your life.
36 Alittle bit of humility goes a long way. You know you did something wrong; and while you want to defend your mistakes, you had better keep your emotions in check.Accept that your plans don’t go as well as you want and apologize to those who are under influence.
Humility is the first step to mend broken ties and relationships. 37 Who you were before, or whatever your status might have been—those are no longer significant. This is not the time for you to start another war, but the time for you to reflect on what you have done.
Observe and report. If you want to learn from failures, then you need to stay quiet and start listening to other people. 38 You might not have noticed these things before. Now that you’re given the opportunity to observe them, you might be able to pick up a thing or two. This is your chance to learn how you can help straighten things out.
Make things right. It’s not the most pleasant task to do, especially when you’re cleaning up your mess. But making things right is extremely important to your redemption (补救). If you’re not yet certain of what youcan do, ask. 39 Instead, you can start by helping out in little ways. Getting coffee for those who are under the influence, for example, is one way you can choose.
Knowing how to learn from your failures is very important. 40
A. Humility helps.
B. Control your feelings.
C. This is the only way you can grow as a person.
D. Watch how your friends and colleagues are handing matters.
E. Ignore other people who are talking about you behind your back.
F. People will be more than happy to help if youshow up with a smile.
G. You don’t have to come up with one solution that will take care of everything.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项My mom has always been my biggest inspiration. She's a single parent of eight.
Throughout the years, I've seen my mom___21___many difficulties and overcome many life changing barriers. All those could easily___22___someone with little faith. The most difficult challenge was the___23___of my younger sister Tenesha at the age of 7.
During the first three months of Tenesha's life, doctors___24___if she would live to see the age of 1. This was___25___news, but my mom never lost___26___.Even though Tenesha's___27___hospital visits hurt her at times, my mom never showed signs of___28___. Her strength always made Tenesha feel___29___there had been nothing to worry about. This strength___30___Tenesha to live the life of a regular child. We almost___31___that she was sick.
Unfortunately, after 5 years of a happy childhood, things began to___32___. Tenesha lost sight in her left eye, which was___33___by loss of sense in her left arm, eventually leaving her left side paralyzed (瘫痪的). My mom___34___her job and attended to her every need. With my mom by her side.Tenesha went to bed with a ___35___ every night.
At the age of 7, Tenesha left us. Her___36___was over. It was a(n)___37___difficult time for us all. However, it wasalso the best learning experience. We now know that no matter how___38___our sufferings may appear, we have a support system that will overcome it all. This is all because of the___39___person in the world-my mom. When we all felt weak, my mom grew stronger. At a time of___40___, my mom grew victorious. She is my heroine!
21. A. record B. promote C. experience D. abandon
22. A. discourage B. impress C. distinguish D. possess
23. A. disease B. missing C. mistake D. passing
24. A. asked B. doubted C. argued D. whispered
25. A. confusing B. disappointing C. embarrassing D. heartbreaking
26. A. hope B. interest C. courage D. confidence
27. A. aimless B. priceless C. countless D. meaningless
28. A. pity B. weakness C. preference D. apology
29. A. as if B. even if C. once D. unless
30. A. forced B. challenged C. persuaded D. enabled
31. A. hesitated B. forgot C. ignored D. avoided
32. A. take in B. clarify C. worsen D. fall out
33. A. followed B. approved C. caused D. accelerated
34. A. changed B. improved C. lost D. quit
35. A. wish B. smile C. reward D. dream
36. A. turning B. crime C. suffering D. adventure
37. A. universally B. extremely C. accurately D. properly
38. A. unstable B. unreliable C. unbelievable D. unbearable
39. A. strongest B. wisest C. healthiest D. proudest
40. A. sorrow B. tension C. defeat D. separation
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Studies show that music not only helps people get through pain, but that listening to music could be the key to good health.
When slow rhythm music___41.___(play), the heartbeat and blood pressure slow down, helping people take breaths more slowly, thus___42.___(decrease) muscle tension in the shoulders, neck, stomach and back.___43.___(specialist) have also found that music decreases psychological tension. A regular habit of listening to music helps relax___44.___(mental) and physically, thus helping to ease and avoid back pain.
Experts state during exercise music can give a better approach in___45.___number of ways. Experts say it can improve mood and grow endurance (持久力). Also, studies show that listening to music can lead to a faster___46.___(recover) of the body. What is more, it appears that any type of music can help the patients recover sooner,___47.___is one of the surprising health benefits of music.
Many people suffer from memory loss. Music can be used as a tool to help patients remember songs___48.___keep in touch with their history. The part of the brain that___49.___(process) music is placed next to memory. Studies have found that people with memory loss respond_____50._____(good) to music of their choice.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.下面短文中有10处语言错误。

请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

看看里面，
While I was in junior middle school, I had great difficulties in learning maths.To change a situation, I made great efforts.Firstly, I bought some reference books and got prepared before class, make it easy for me to understand that the teacher would teach.Secondly, I listened attentive in class and took notes carefully, which help my accumulate basic knowledge.Thirdly I did my homework on time and turn to my teacher for help when I had problems.Finally I caught with others.
Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.Facing with challenges, I respond positively and overcome them.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你们班近期举行了建党100周年主题班会。

请你用英语为学校网站英语专栏写则简要报道，内容包括：
1.班会的时间、地点：
2.班会的过程：
3.班会的意义及你的感受。

注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。

建党100周年：the100 Anniversary of the Founding of the CPC
A Meaningful Class Meeting
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D
12. B 13. C 14. B 15. B
A E D G C
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我
[语篇解读]
21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. B 32.
C 33. A 34.
D 35. B 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. C
41. is played
42. decreasing
43. Specialists
44. mentally
45. a 46. recovery
47. which 48. and
49. processes
50. better
51.(1). While→ When (2). difficulties→ difficulty (3).a→the (4). make→ making (5). that→ what (6). attentive→ attentively (7). my→me(8). turn→ turned (9). caught后加up (10). Facing→ Faced
52.略。