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GLOBE is a multi-phase, multi-method research program designed understand the relationship between culture and leadership, organizational, and societal effectiveness.
Austria
Germany Malaysia
(Black sample)
South Africa
(former FRG)
(White sample)
Bolivia Germany Mexico
Spain
(former GDR)
Brazil
Greece
Namibia Sweden
Canada Guatemala Netherlands Switzerland
Medium Individualistic Countries in GLOBE
Most Collectivist Countries in GLOBE
Hong Kong 4.13
U.S.
4.20
Egypt
4.50
Poland
4.53
Indonesia
4.54
Denmark Singapore Japan South Korea Sweden
Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which a society, organization, or group relies on social norms, rules and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of nnaire Item Followers are (should be) expected to obey their leaders without question.
8
Country Rankings on Power Distance
Lowest Power Distance Countries in GLOBE
Lowest Uncertainty Avoidance Countries in GLOBE
Medium Uncertainty Avoidance Countries in GLOBE
Highest Uncertainty Avoidance Countries in GLOBE
Russia Hungary Bolivia Greece Venezuela
2.88 3.12 3.35 3.39 3.44
Israel U.S. Mexico Kuwait Ireland
4.01 4.15 4.18 4.21 4.30
Austria Denmark German (former WEST) Sweden Switzerland
5.16 5.22
5.22 5.32 5.37
Specific Questionnaire Item
• In this society, children live with parents until they get married.
16
Country Rankings on In group Collectivism
Least Family Collective Countries in GLOBE
Specific Questionnaire Item People are generally (should be generally) very tolerant of mistakes.
12
Country Rankings on Humane Orientation
Least Humane Oriented Medium Humane
Countries in GLOBE
Countries in GLOBE
Most Humane Oriented Countries in GLOBE
Germany (Former WEST) Spain France Singapore Brazil
3.18 3.32 3.40 3.49 3.66
Medium Power
Highest Power
Distance Countries in Distance Countries in
GLOBE
GLOBE
Denmark
3.89
Netherlands 4.11
South Africa
(Black sample) 4.11
Israel
4.73
Costa Rica
U.S.
4.55
Greece
4.58
Austria
4.62
Germany 4.73
(former EAST)
19
Culture Construct Definitions
Gender Egalitarianism: The degree to which a collective minimizes gender inequality.
Hong Kong Sweden Taiwan U.S. New Zealand
3.90 4.10 4.11 4.17 4.32
Indonesia Egypt Malaysia Ireland Philippines
4.69 4.73 4.87 4.96 5.12
13
Culture Construct Definitions
Specific Questionnaire Item People are (should be) generally dominant.
18
Country Rankings on Assertiveness
Least Assertive Countries in GLOBE
Medium Assertive Most Assertive
Japan Israel Qatar Austria Italy
4.63 4.70 4.71 4.85 4.94
Egypt China Morocco India Iran
5.64 5.80 5.87 5.92 6.03
17
Culture Construct Definitions
Assertiveness: The degree to which individuals are assertive, dominant & demanding in their relationships with others.
Russia
England
6
GLOBE measures both cultural practices (as is) and cultural values (should be).
7
Culture Construct Definitions
Power distance: The degree to which members of a collective expect power to be distributed equally.
2
THE GLOBE RESEARCH PROGRAM
160 social scientists and management scholars from 62 cultures representing all major regions throughout the world are engaged in this long-term programmatic series of cross-cultural leadership studies.
Project GLOBE: Deciphering Cultures And Their
National, Organizational, And Managerial Implications
Robert J. House Mansour Javidan
Sept. 25, 2003
1
THE GLOBE RESEARCH PROGRAM
countries in
Countries in
GLOBE
GLOBE
Sweden
3.38
New Zealand 3.42
Switzerland 3.47
Japan
3.59
Egypt
3.91
Ireland 3.92
Philippines 4.01
Ecuador 4.09
France
4.13
Spain
4.42
Nigeria
Turkey
Czech
Indonesia Philippines United
Republic
States
Denmark Iran
Poland
Venezuala
Ecuador Ireland
Portugal
Zambia
Egypt
Israel
Qatar
Zimbabwe
El Salvador Italy
Medium Family Collective Countries in GLOBE
Most Family Collective Countries in GLOBE
Denmark Sweden New Zealand Netherlands Finland
3.53 3.66 3.67 3.70 4.07
4.74
England France Brazil Italy Portugal
5.15 5.28 5.33 5.43 5.44
Russia Spain Thailand Argentina Morocco
5.52 5.52 5.63 5.64 5.80
9
Culture Construct Definitions
14
Country Rankings on Individualism/Collectivism
Most Individualistic Countries in GLOBE
Greece Hungary Germany (former East) Argentina Italy
3.25 3.53
3.56 3.66 3.68
(English speaking) 5
GLOBE Countries Listed by Geographic Regions of the World
China
Hong Kong New Zealand Taiwan
Colombia Hungary Nicaragua Thailand
Costa Rica India
3
4
GLOBE Countries Listed by Geographic Regions of the World
Albania Finland
Japan
Singapore
Argentina France
Kazakhstan Slovenia
Australia Georgia Kuwait
South Africa
Specific Questionnaire Item Most people lead (should lead) highly structured lives with few unexpected events.
10
Country Rankings on Uncertainty Avoidance
11
Culture Construct Definitions
Humane Orientation: The degree to which a collective encourages & rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring and kind to others.
4.80 4.90 5.19 5.20 5.22
15
Culture Construct Definitions
• In-Group Collectivism The degree to which individuals have strong ties to their small immediate groups
Institutional Collectivism: The degree to which individuals are integrated into groups within the society.
Specific Questionnaire Item Leaders encourage (should encourage) group loyalty even if individual goals suffer.
Austria
Germany Malaysia
(Black sample)
South Africa
(former FRG)
(White sample)
Bolivia Germany Mexico
Spain
(former GDR)
Brazil
Greece
Namibia Sweden
Canada Guatemala Netherlands Switzerland
Medium Individualistic Countries in GLOBE
Most Collectivist Countries in GLOBE
Hong Kong 4.13
U.S.
4.20
Egypt
4.50
Poland
4.53
Indonesia
4.54
Denmark Singapore Japan South Korea Sweden
Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which a society, organization, or group relies on social norms, rules and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of nnaire Item Followers are (should be) expected to obey their leaders without question.
8
Country Rankings on Power Distance
Lowest Power Distance Countries in GLOBE
Lowest Uncertainty Avoidance Countries in GLOBE
Medium Uncertainty Avoidance Countries in GLOBE
Highest Uncertainty Avoidance Countries in GLOBE
Russia Hungary Bolivia Greece Venezuela
2.88 3.12 3.35 3.39 3.44
Israel U.S. Mexico Kuwait Ireland
4.01 4.15 4.18 4.21 4.30
Austria Denmark German (former WEST) Sweden Switzerland
5.16 5.22
5.22 5.32 5.37
Specific Questionnaire Item
• In this society, children live with parents until they get married.
16
Country Rankings on In group Collectivism
Least Family Collective Countries in GLOBE
Specific Questionnaire Item People are generally (should be generally) very tolerant of mistakes.
12
Country Rankings on Humane Orientation
Least Humane Oriented Medium Humane
Countries in GLOBE
Countries in GLOBE
Most Humane Oriented Countries in GLOBE
Germany (Former WEST) Spain France Singapore Brazil
3.18 3.32 3.40 3.49 3.66
Medium Power
Highest Power
Distance Countries in Distance Countries in
GLOBE
GLOBE
Denmark
3.89
Netherlands 4.11
South Africa
(Black sample) 4.11
Israel
4.73
Costa Rica
U.S.
4.55
Greece
4.58
Austria
4.62
Germany 4.73
(former EAST)
19
Culture Construct Definitions
Gender Egalitarianism: The degree to which a collective minimizes gender inequality.
Hong Kong Sweden Taiwan U.S. New Zealand
3.90 4.10 4.11 4.17 4.32
Indonesia Egypt Malaysia Ireland Philippines
4.69 4.73 4.87 4.96 5.12
13
Culture Construct Definitions
Specific Questionnaire Item People are (should be) generally dominant.
18
Country Rankings on Assertiveness
Least Assertive Countries in GLOBE
Medium Assertive Most Assertive
Japan Israel Qatar Austria Italy
4.63 4.70 4.71 4.85 4.94
Egypt China Morocco India Iran
5.64 5.80 5.87 5.92 6.03
17
Culture Construct Definitions
Assertiveness: The degree to which individuals are assertive, dominant & demanding in their relationships with others.
Russia
England
6
GLOBE measures both cultural practices (as is) and cultural values (should be).
7
Culture Construct Definitions
Power distance: The degree to which members of a collective expect power to be distributed equally.
2
THE GLOBE RESEARCH PROGRAM
160 social scientists and management scholars from 62 cultures representing all major regions throughout the world are engaged in this long-term programmatic series of cross-cultural leadership studies.
Project GLOBE: Deciphering Cultures And Their
National, Organizational, And Managerial Implications
Robert J. House Mansour Javidan
Sept. 25, 2003
1
THE GLOBE RESEARCH PROGRAM
countries in
Countries in
GLOBE
GLOBE
Sweden
3.38
New Zealand 3.42
Switzerland 3.47
Japan
3.59
Egypt
3.91
Ireland 3.92
Philippines 4.01
Ecuador 4.09
France
4.13
Spain
4.42
Nigeria
Turkey
Czech
Indonesia Philippines United
Republic
States
Denmark Iran
Poland
Venezuala
Ecuador Ireland
Portugal
Zambia
Egypt
Israel
Qatar
Zimbabwe
El Salvador Italy
Medium Family Collective Countries in GLOBE
Most Family Collective Countries in GLOBE
Denmark Sweden New Zealand Netherlands Finland
3.53 3.66 3.67 3.70 4.07
4.74
England France Brazil Italy Portugal
5.15 5.28 5.33 5.43 5.44
Russia Spain Thailand Argentina Morocco
5.52 5.52 5.63 5.64 5.80
9
Culture Construct Definitions
14
Country Rankings on Individualism/Collectivism
Most Individualistic Countries in GLOBE
Greece Hungary Germany (former East) Argentina Italy
3.25 3.53
3.56 3.66 3.68
(English speaking) 5
GLOBE Countries Listed by Geographic Regions of the World
China
Hong Kong New Zealand Taiwan
Colombia Hungary Nicaragua Thailand
Costa Rica India
3
4
GLOBE Countries Listed by Geographic Regions of the World
Albania Finland
Japan
Singapore
Argentina France
Kazakhstan Slovenia
Australia Georgia Kuwait
South Africa
Specific Questionnaire Item Most people lead (should lead) highly structured lives with few unexpected events.
10
Country Rankings on Uncertainty Avoidance
11
Culture Construct Definitions
Humane Orientation: The degree to which a collective encourages & rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring and kind to others.
4.80 4.90 5.19 5.20 5.22
15
Culture Construct Definitions
• In-Group Collectivism The degree to which individuals have strong ties to their small immediate groups
Institutional Collectivism: The degree to which individuals are integrated into groups within the society.
Specific Questionnaire Item Leaders encourage (should encourage) group loyalty even if individual goals suffer.