高速铁路综合维修技术专业《隔离开关操作8》

隔离开关操作
I solating switch operation
学习目标：
learning objectives
1.掌握隔离开关的操作、检调
Master the operation and inspection of isolating switch
2.熟悉隔离开关常见故障和负荷隔离开关
Familiar with common isolating switch faults and load isolating switch
从事隔离开关倒闸作业的人员，其平安等级应不低于三级。

由于隔离开关触头外露，作业人员可以清楚的观察到它的开、闭状态，检修后应恢复原状。

The safety level of personnel engaged in isolating switching operation shall not be lower than three. Because the contact of isolation switch is exposed,operator can clearly observe its open and closed state, which should be restored after maintenance.
凡接触网及电力作业人员进行隔离开关倒闸时，都必须有电力调度的命令。

对车站、机务段、厂矿等有权操作隔离开关的单位，在向电力调度申请倒闸命令之前，要令人应向单位主管负责人办理倒闸手续。

对遇有危及人身或设备平安的紧急情况，可以不经电力调度批准，先行断开断路器或有条件断开的隔离开关，
并立即报告电力调度，但在闭合时必须有电力调度员的命令。

负荷开关的开断电流能力只有2A，带负荷开断隔离开关会导致强烈的电弧和飞弧事故。

All overhead contact line system and power operators must have power dispatching orders when switching isolating switch. For stations, locomotive depot, factories and mines that have the right to operate isolating switch, before applying for switching order to power dispatching,person in charge of unit should go through the switching procedure.In case of emergency endangering the safety of human life or equipment,breaker or isolating switch with conditional disconnecting may be disconnected in advance without the approval of power dispatching and immediately reported to power dispatching, but power dispatching must have the order of power dispatcher when the breaker is closed. The breaking current capacity of load switch is only 2A, and breaking the isolation switch with load can cause strong arcing and flaring accidents.
在进行隔离开关倒闸作业时，先由操作人向电力调度提出申请，经电调审查后发布倒闸作业命令，操作人受令复诵，电力调度员确认无误后，方可给命令编号和批准时间。

倒闸人员必须戴
好平安帽和绝缘手套，接到倒闸命令后，要迅速准确的进行倒闸，一次开闭到位，中途不得停留和发生冲击，如图2-1所示。

每次倒闸作业，发令人要将命令内容等记入“倒闸操作命令记录〞，要令人要填写“隔离开关倒闸命令票〞。

操作完成后，操作人要立即填写“隔离开关倒闸完成报告单〞。

In the process of isolating switch switching operation,operator shall first apply to power dispatching and issue switching operation order after the review of electricity dispatching. The operator shall repeat the order and power dispatcher shall confirm error before order number and approval time are given. Switch personnel must wear safety hats and insulation gloves. After receiving the switch order, switch the switch quickly and accurately. Do not stop or shock during the process, as shown in Figure 2-1. For each switching operation,originator shall record the contents of order in the "switching operation order record", and the "isolating switch switching order ticket" shall be filled in. After the operation is
completed,operator should fill in the "isolating switch shutdown completion report form" immediately.
图2-1 隔离开关作业
Figure 2-1 Isolating switch operation 隔离开关检调重点和常见故障
Key points and common faults of isolating switch inspection
隔离开关检调时，首先要确定编号及分合闸位置，检调后应恢复原状，经常操作的隔离开关，检修周期为3—6个月，不经常操作的隔离开关，检修周期为9—10个月，检调标准如下：During inspection and adjustment of isolating switch, the serial number and opening and closing position shall be determined first, and isolating switch shall be restored to its original state after inspection and adjustment. The maintenance period of isolating switch that is frequently operated shall be 3-6 months, and the maintenance period of isolating switch that is infrequently operated shall be 9-10 months. The inspection and adjustment standards are as follows:
（1）各局部零件连接牢固，铁件无锈蚀，操作机构灵活可靠。

Each part of parts firmly connected, iron without rust, flexible and reliable operation mechanism.
（2）开关瓷柱转动灵活，水平转角，误差为，合闸时，刀闸触头接触紧密良好，呈水平状态，两闸刀中心线为一直线，止钉间隙1—3mm。

The switch porcelain column has flexible rotation, horizontal angle90°, error is1°, when closing, the knife switch contact is close and good, in horizontal state, the center line of two knife is a straight line,gap between nail 1 -- 3mm.
（3）触头入槽后，用的塞尺检查，对于线接触应塞不进去，对于面接触接触外表宽度为以下时，塞进深度不超过，接触外表宽度为及以上时，塞进深度不应超过。

After the contact is inserted into the groove,plug ruler should be used to check that the plug should not be inserted into the line contact, and the plug depth should not exceed4mm， the width of surface contact when the width of surface contact is below50mm, and the plug depth should not exceed60mm the width of surface contact when the width of the surface contact is above6mm.
（4）绝缘瓷柱清洁，无裂纹和放电痕迹，破损面不大于，用兆欧表测绝缘电阻与前一次比拟不应有明显降低，测接地电阻不得大于。

The insulating porcelain column should be clean, without cracks or discharge traces, and damaged surface should not be larger than.The insulation resistance measured by 2500KVmegohm meter should not be significantly
lower than that measured by previous time, and grounding resistance should not be larger than that measured by megohm meter.
（5）开关引线距绝缘子和接地体不小于，引线张力不大于，跨越相邻承力索时，间距应大于400，带接地闸刀的开关，接地闸刀与两主闸刀在同时运行过程中，空气间隙之和不小于。

The distance between switch lead and insulator and grounding body shall not be less than, and the tension of lead shall not be greater than, and distance shall be greater than 400 when crossing the adjacent catenary wire. For the switch with grounding knife, the sum of air gap between grounding knife and two main knife shall not be less than in the process of running at the same time.
（6）开关应加锁，锁头无锈蚀，开闭方便。

Switch should be locked, lock head no rust, easy to open and close.
（7）除铜件外的金属部件，应除锈涂漆，铜件应涂工业凡士林油。

Metal parts, except copper parts, should be rust coated, copper parts should be coated with industrial petroleum jelly.
隔离开关常见故障
isolating switch common faults
（1）当隔离开关绝缘子破损、脏污，会造成绝缘子闪络或击穿事故。

When insulator of isolating switch is damaged or dirty, it will cause flashover or breakdown of insulator.
（2）电连接引线与开关设备上的设备线夹和接触线上的电
连接线夹接触不良，那么引起接触线、承力索、电连接线、吊弦的烧损事故。

Bad contact between electrical connection lead and equipment wire clip on switchgear and electrical connection wire clip on the contact line will cause the burning of contact line,catenary wire, electrical connection wire and dropper.
（3）开关引线弛度小拉力大，会使设备线夹或支持绝缘子折断。

The small tension of switch lead will break the equipment wire clip or supporting insulator.
（4）开关主刀闸闭合不良，造成触头长期发热而烧损。

The main switch switch is not closed properly, resulting in long-term heating and burning contacts.
（8）开关长期不用，又未及时检修，使传动轴锈蚀造成开关无法正常使用。

The switch has not been used for a long time and has not been repaired in time, which makes transmission shaft corroded and switch cannot be used normally.
（9）在有负载的线路上操作隔离开关，引起电弧烧损开关或支持绝缘子爆炸。

Operating an isolating switch on a loaded line causing an arc burn switch or support insulator to explode.
负荷隔离开关
load isolation switch
隔离开关没有灭弧能力，只能开端空载线路。

当有带负荷开断某一供电分区或空载线路较长其空载电流较大时，需要采用负荷开关。

负荷开关是能够分断工作电流或小的过载电流的开关设备。

负荷隔离开关的结构是将隔离开关和带有真空灭弧机构的负荷串联布置。

就能开断负荷电流，又能形成明显的宽口，起到隔离作用。

在电气化铁路中，多用作分相开关、备用联络开关、隧道内绝缘锚段关节等处。

The isolating switch has no arcing capability and can only start no-load line. When a power supply zone is broken with load or no-load line is long and the no-load current is large,load switch is required. A load switch is a switching device capable of breaking operating current or small overload current. The structure of load isolating
switch is a series arrangement of isolating switch and load with a vacuum arc extinguishing mechanism. Can break load current, but also can form an obvious wide mouth, play an isolation role. In electrified railway, it is mainly used for split-phase switch, standby contact switch, insulated anchor joint in tunnel and so on.
图2—2所示的是在高速铁路使用的某型负荷隔离开关的在支柱上的安装图。

开关安装在支柱的顶端，距离地面1050mm高度安装有电动操作机构，可以实现手动和电动操作，电动负荷隔离开关一般纳入远动控制。

Figure 2-2 shows the installation of a certain type of load isolating switch on a pillar used in high-speed railway. The switch is installed on the top of pillar, 1050mm high from the ground is installed with electric operation mechanism,it can realize manual and electric operation, electric load isolation switch is generally incorporated into the remote control.
图2—2 负荷隔离开关安装图
Figure 2-2 Installation diagram of load isolation
switch。