上海市八校2017届高三上学期11月联考英语试题(解析版) - 副本

2017届高三年级八校联合调研
英语试卷2016年11月
（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）
第I卷（共90分）
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A（10×1=10分）
Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent。

For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word。

For the other blanks，fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct。

Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21）_______（search）for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far—fetched Hollywood？Well，from the world history point of view，romance did，in fact，set down its roots in Rome。

The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive，(22）_______means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.
The Romance languages （23）____________（compose）of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______their basis。

These languages include French，Italian，Spanish and Portuguese。

The common people in ancient Rome spoke （25）________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech，as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated。

Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages。

Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write)primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought （27）__________（develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story （28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far—fetched, mysterious events。

Romances of this period (29）_________（include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole。

What exactly is a twentieth—century romance ？Does it have any relationship with the lively，popular novels written today，with their fantastic plots of love affairs？Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray：“ When one is in love，one always begins by deceiving （30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others。

That is what the world calls a romance.”
Section B(10×1=10分）
Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once。

Note that there is one word more than you need。

In the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11，2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory （LIGO），British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to ____31___ the US—led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news。

According to Hawking，these results confirm several very important ____32___ of Einstein’s theory of general relat ivity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly。

As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einstein’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) _33________“dark” universe。

Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum(电磁光谱）to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go ___34____. But now we know how to detect gravitational waves，which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.
“Gravitational waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the ___35___ to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking。

“The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed __36____ of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.”
However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational __37_____ of a star——-so how did both of these black holes become so massive？
This question touches on one of the biggest mysteries ___38___ black hole evolution. Currently，astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass（恒星质量)” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, ___39____ an extremely bright light。

And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super—massive that live in the centers of most galaxies。

There is a disconnect, however。

If black holes grow by merging and consuming stellar matter, there should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “i ntermediate mass" black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are ____40____ rare，throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt。

One thing is clear, however。

This is the first time that we’ve acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger。

So it’s good to know we’re on the right track。

III. Reading Comprehension
Section A（15×1=15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Cowboy or spaceman ？A dilemma for a children’s party，perhaps。

But also a question for economists，argued Kenneth Boulding，in an essay published in 1966. We have run our 41 ，he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the
world’s resources，42 ____ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is 43 a grassland than a spaceship-——a closed system，alone in space, carrying exhaustible supplies。

We need，said Boulding，an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental 44 。

In the half century since his essay，a new movement has responded to his challenge。

“Ecological economists，” as they call themselves, want to 45 __ its aims and assumptions. What do they say —— and will their ideas take off？
To its 46 , ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics，but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world。

Our environment, they note，is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is 47 in traditional textbooks，where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms，households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.
There are two ways our economies can grow，ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the 48 ，they say，is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP (gross domestic product），a simple 49 which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors。

50 ，they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI （genuine progress indicator），
a composite（复合的）index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents。

While GDP has kept growing，global GPI per person 51 in 1978：by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer，not richer. The solution，according to experts，lies in a “steady—state” economy，where the use of materials and energy is held 52 .
Mainstream economists are not 53 。

GPI，they point out，is a subjective standard。

And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century，wrongly，that overpopulation would lead to famine。

Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists
54 self—satisfaction。

In 2009，a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already
55 safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change。

That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions，even if their answers turn out to be wrong。

41。

A. grassland B. nation C。

economy D。

spaceship 42. A。

ignorant B. confident C. astonished D. anxious
43。

A。

less B。

smaller C。

more D. larger
44. A。

movements B. influences C. limits D. threats
45. A. reject B。

realize C. resemble D. revolutionize
46. A。

challengers B。

learners C。

advocates D. professors 47。

A。

addressed B。

ignored C. opposed D. reflected 48. A。

advanced B。

former C. latter D. scientific
49。

A. number B. product C。

idea D. measure 50。

A。

In addition B。

For example C。

In other words D。

In its place
51.A. peaked B. plunged C。

persisted D. paused
52.A。

sufficient B. efficient C。

constant D。

adequate
53.A. impressed B。

involved C。

concerned D。

appointed
54.A. call for B。

contribute to C。

warn against D. refer to
55.A. setting B。

overstepping C. extending D。

redrawing
Section B（11×2=22分）
Directions：Read the following three passages。

Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D。

Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read。

（A）
Every April I am troubled by the same concern —— that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills，sky and forest appearing gray。

My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. "Just wait，” a neighbor advised。

”You'll wake up one morning and spring will just be here。

”
And look，on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric，as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch。

Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green。

Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward.
Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree’s dark twiste d branches stretch out in unpruned（未经修剪的）abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple。

Until last year，I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens。

My mobile—home neighbor was the first to speak.”You're not cutting it down，are you？" she asked anxiously。

Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch。

”Don't kill it，now," he warned。

Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people's names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter。

It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder。

I couldn’t help recalling Robert Frost’s words:
The trees that have it in their pent—up buds
To darken nature and be summer woods
One thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood。

And then，he looked at me and said，"We need to prune that apple tree again。

”
56。

By say ing that “my spirits ebb” (Para。

1）, the author means that _________________。

A.he feels relieved B。

he feels blue
C。

he is surprised D. he is tired
57. The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _________________.
A. be regarded as a delight in the neighborhood
B。

have been abandoned by its original owner
C。

have been neglected by everyone in the community
D。

be appealing only to the author
58。

In Para. 4，“neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches” probably because ___________________________。

A.they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the tree
B.they wanted to prevent the author from pruning the tree
C.they were concerned about the safety of the tree
D.they wanted to get to know the author
59. It can be inf erred that the author’s neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _______________.
A.when spring would arrive
B. how to pass the long winter
C. the neighborhood gathering
D. the pruning of the apple tree
（B)
60。

Which is one of the characteristics of Mount Cook National Park？
A. It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach。

B。

It provides star-shining night skies for visitors.
C。

It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities。

D. It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea.
61。

Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ________ the most exciting.
A。

Mountaineering on Elie de Beaumont
B. Mountain walks via Hooker Valley Track
C. Skiing on Tasman Glacier
D。

Climbing Mount Cook
62。

If you are a visitor to the park, you should ________．
A。

properly evaluate your own experience and skill
B。

get your permit prepared before you start to climb
C。

hire local guides to help you to train for climbing
D。

avoid exploring glaciers in winter
（C)
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems？This is one of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions.
In many ways, our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same horrible consequences today as it did in the 1930's when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival, and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the labor market。

Increasing wealth，the rise of families with more than one wage earner，the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and
improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship。

Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level，the majority are from multiple—earner，relatively well-off families。

Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force，so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market problems。

Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship。

The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or long—time unemployment frequently interact to weaken the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times that unemployed in any month，those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment totals，there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full—time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job。

Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly，disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor，so that the dramatic expansion of cash and non-cash transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected。

As a result of such conflicting evidence，it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions，and，hence，whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be counteracted(抵消）by job creation and economic stimulation。

There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty，employment，and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications，measuring the consequences of labor market problems.
63. In Paragraph 2，the author contrasts the 1930's with the present in order to show that_____________。

A. more people were unemployed in the 1930’s
B。

unemployment is more intolerable today
C。

social programs are more in need now
D。

in come level has increased since the 1930’s
64.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.A majority of low—wage workers receive earnings from more than one job.
B.Repetition of short—term unemployment mainly contributes to people's loss of working capacity.
C。

Many unemployed people are from families where other members are working。

D. Labor market hardship is understated because fewer individuals are jobless than counted。

65.It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of income transfers is often not felt by
_________________.
A. those doing a low—paid, part-time job
B。

children in single-earner families
C. workers who have just retired
D. full-time workers who become unemployed
66. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage？
A. What causes labor market problems that result in suffering。

B。

Why income statistics are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.
C。

When poverty，employment，and earnings figures agree with each other。

D。

How statistics give an unclear picture of the labor-market—related suffering。

Section C（4×2=8分)
Directions：Read the following passage。

Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box。

Each sentence can be used only once。

Note that there are two more sentences than you need。

Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals，while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seagoing boat, or calculated the length of the year but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general。

____67_________
It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized。

Animals fight，so do savages；so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good，but it is not to be civilized。

____68_______. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side，and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. ___69______. For that is what going to war means; it means power is right.
This is what the story of mankind has been like. But we must not expect too much. After all，the race of men has only just started。

From the point of view of evolution，human beings are very young indeed，babies of a few months old。

Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years.
____70_____. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business，a business of fighting and killing。

We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else。

第II卷(共50分）
I.Summary (10分）
Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage with no more than 60 words。

Use your own words as far as possible.
It's not piano lessons or dance classes。

Nowadays，the biggest extra—curricular activity is going to a tutor。

”I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It's costly," says Pat, a mother in Canada。

However，she adds, ”after finding out half my daughter's class had tutors，I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead”
Shelley，a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home。

"When I used to sit down with my children，it was hard to get them focused。

I was always yelling。

When I got a tutor once a week，they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done。

”
Tutoring isn't simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower—achieving students. In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010。

That increased to 15 percent last year.
Overall，parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations，but there is also a cultural shift。

A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.
Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed s chedules. ”A lot of parents just don't have time to help their children with homework,” says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. "Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3。

"
There has been a shift in the attitudes，too. ”Chil dren used to get bullied (欺侮) for having a tutor，" Diamond says。

”Now it's becoming the norm to have one.”
Children don’t seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. "For the amount w e pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need,” she says. Still，she’s now thinking of getting a tutor.
Why? Her daughter has actually asked for one.
II。

Translation（3+3+4+5=15分)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets。

1. 没过多久,失主就来认领他的行李了.(claim)
2. MOOC越来越流行，但学习者需要自律才能有所收获。

（take）
3.各国领导人不仅就气候变化达成了共识，还强调了经济全球化、技术进步的重要性。

（Not only)
4.网站上的报道引起了公众对弱势群体的关心,但真正重要的是怎样才能阻止这样的悲剧再次上演.(matter)
III。

Guided Writing(25分）
Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions.
上海普通高中高三毕业生的志愿服务(公益劳动）将被记录在案，并纳入综合素质评价(part of Students’ Overall Quality Evaluation System） .有人认为这会加重学生本已繁重的学业负担，有人认为这有益于学生的全面发展,请结合自己经历谈谈体会。

【答案】略
2016年高三年级八校联合调研
英语试卷答案
第I卷（共90分）
I。

Listening comprehension (10+15 = 25分)
（10×1) 1-5 ABBCA 6-10 DCDAD
（10 ×1.5）11—13 CAD 14—16 CCB 17—20 AACD
II。

Grammar and Vocabulary （20×1=20分）
21. searching 22. which 23. are composed 24。

as 25 。

what
26。

written 27。

to have developed 28。

but 29。

included 30. oneself /himself 31-35 GHFDI 36-40 KCBJA
III. Reading Comprehension （45分)
（15×1）41—55 CBACD CBBDD ACACB
（11×2) 56-59 BACC 60—62 BDA 63—66 DCAD
（4×2) 67-70 BADE
第II卷(共50分）
I。

Summary：（10分)
(1）Tutoring is gaining popularity in Canada，suited to children (2) at different levels. Generally，（3) higher academic achievements are the goal, beyond which are the cultural and attitudinal shifts，partly due to （4) Asian immigrants' influence，and (5）parents’lack of time or ability to help children. These all contribute to the rise of the business and (6）the growing acceptance among parents and children. (60
words)
Rubrics for summary writing
II. Translation:（15分）（3+3+4+5）
1.没过多久，失主就来认领了他的行李了。

（claim)
It was not long before the owner of the lost property came to claim his luggage.
句型1分1分1分
2.MOOC越来越流行，但学习者需要自律才能有所收获。

（take）
MOOC is becoming increasingly/ more and more popular，
1分
-—but it takes learners self—discipline to achieve something.
-- but it takes self—discipline for learners to achieve something.
take句型1分0。

5分0。

5分
5.各国领导人不仅就气候变化达成了共识，还强调了经济全球化、技术进步的重要性。

（Not only)
Not only did leaders from different countries agree on climate change
句型1分0.5分
but (also) they （also）emphasized/ placed emphasis on the importance of
句型1分0。

5分
economic globalization and technological advances。

0.5分0。

5分
6.网站上的报道引起了公众对弱势群体的关心，但真正重要的是怎样才能阻止这样的悲剧
再次上演.(matter)
The reports on the websites have caused the public concern about the disadvantaged, 0。

5分1分0。

5分but what really matters is how to prevent such tragedies （as this) from happening again.
1分1分0.5分0.5分
III。

Guided writing:（略）
【答案】1．searching
2．which
3．are composed
4．as
5．what
6．written
7．to have developed
8．but
9．included
10．oneself/himself
【解析】1．介词about后面接动名词，three young American women是动名词的逻辑主语。

故填searching。

2．使用非限制性定语从句，先行词是romanz escrive，指物，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词引导，非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。

故填which。

3．be composed of意为“由……组成”,主语是复数，故填are composed。

4．have…as…意为“认为……是……"。

故填as。

5．spoke后面是宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，用what引导宾语从句.故填what。

6．使用非谓语动词作定语修饰tales，tales和write是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。

故填written。

7．使用Sb/Sth is thought to have done某人某物已经做了某事。

故填to have developed。

8．使用not…but…结构，意为“不是……而是……"。

故填but.
9．主语是Romances of this period“那个时期的爱情小说"，谓语是一般过去时.故填included。

10．句意：当一个人开始恋爱的时候,总是开始欺骗自己.使用反身代词，主语是one。

故填
oneself/himself。

【备注】文章介绍爱情小说起源于罗马和爱情小说的演变过程。

【答案】GHFDI KCBJA
【解析】1．句意：英国物理学家和黑洞理论家Stephen Hawking很快向美国领导的合作表示祝贺，并分享了他对历史性新闻的兴奋。

congratulate祝贺.故选G.
2．句意：根据Hawking说，这些结果证实了爱因斯坦的广义相对论的几个非常重要的预测。

predictions 预言。

故选H。

3．句意：随着越来越清晰，这些波纹在空间时间的直接检测,不仅证实了爱因斯坦的著名的一般理论，而且它也让给我们看见一个以前“黑暗”的宇宙。

previously以前，事先。

故选F.
4．句意:天文学家使用电磁频谱来研究宇宙,但不辐射电磁波谱中的对象将被忽视。

unnoticed未被觉察到的。

故选D。

5．句意:引力波提供了一种全新的方式来看待宇宙,而且检测它们的能力有可能彻底改变天文
学.potential潜能。

故选I。

6．句意:该系统所观察到的属性和我在剑桥的1970预测有关黑洞是一致的。

”properties特性，财产。

故选K。

7．句意:每一个黑洞的质量比预期的要大，因为恒星的引力塌缩形成的。

collapse崩溃，倒塌。

故选C。

8．句意：这个问题涉及到周围一个最大的神秘黑洞的进化。

surrounding周围的。

故选B。

9．在天平的另一头,有在恒星大爆炸立刻形成的恒星质量黑洞,产生非常明亮的光。

producing产生，制作。

故选J。

10．“中等质量黑洞"和几十个太阳质量的黑洞是非常罕见的,astonishingly非常地，令人惊讶地。

故选A.
【备注】文章介绍重力波的发现，和以前霍金的预测基本一致。

【答案】1．CBACD CBBDD ACACB
【解析】1．根据上文“But also a question for economists,”可知,我们像牛仔一样运营我们的经济。

economy经济。

故选C。

2．根据上文“like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources，”可知，我们很自信地球上还有很多资源。

confident自信的。

故选B。

3．但是与其说地球是一块草地，不如说是一个宇宙飞船。

less更少的.故选A。

4．我们需要一种经济认真对待环境危险问题。

threats威胁.故选C.
5．生态经济学家想要彻底改革它的目标和假设。

revolutionize彻底改革.故选D。

6．句意：对于它的提倡者，生态经济即不是生态也不是经济,而是二者的结合。

advocates提倡者.故选C.
7．根据下文“where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms，households and the government as though nature did not exist.”可知，但是它在传统的课本中被忽视了。

ignored不顾。

故选B。

8．根据上文“through technological change，or through maximum use of resources.”可知,只有前者可以有.former之前的。

故选B。

9．根据上文“They are suspicious of GDP(gross domestic product),”可知，GDP是不考虑资源消耗，无偿工作，和其它很多因素的测量方法.measure衡量。

故选D.
10．根据下文“they advocate more holistic approaches，”可知，为了期待它，他们提倡更整体的方法。

In its place取代它。

故选D。

11．句意:在1978年，人均GDP达到顶点。

peak达到高峰.故选A。

12．句意:根据专家所说，解决方法在于“稳定状态的”经济，这里材料和能源的使用保持持续状态.constant连续的，不断的。

故选C.
13．根据下文“GPI，they point out , is a subjective standard。

”可知，主流经济学家对此印象不深刻.impressed印象深刻的。

故选A。

14．句意：但是，生态经济学家告诫当心自我满足。

warn against告诫，当心,提防.故选C。

15．句意：自然杂志的一篇文章认为人类的活动已经超越了安全的界限。

overstepping踏过，逾越。

故选B。

【备注】文章介绍生态经济的概念,我们在发展经济的同时不能忽视自然。

【答案】BACC
【解析】1．推理判断题。

根据文章第一段的句子“the landscape looks dull，with hills, sky and forest appearing gray.”可知，“my spirits ebb”意为：他感到沮丧.故选B。

2．推理判断题。

根据文章第三段的句子“Then there was the old apple tree。

It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone.”可知,文章的苹果树主要被认为邻里之间的快乐.故选A。

3．细节理解题。

根据文章第四段的句子“I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches."可知,邻居打开房间，走到门廊上,因为他们担忧苹果树的安全.故选C。

4．推理判断题.根据文章第五段的句子“It was as if the old apple tree gathering us under its boughs for the dual purpose of acquaintanceship and shared wonder。

”可知，作者修剪苹果树将邻居都聚集到苹果树下，结合最后一段的“And then, he looked at me and said, ”We need to prune that apple tree again.””可知，作者的邻居最关心邻居之间的聚会。

故选C。

【备注】作者介绍生活在这个地方很久了，和邻居没有什么接触，一次他想修剪一棵老苹果树让邻居都聚集到苹果树下，带给邻居之间的快乐。

【答案】BDA
【解析】
1。

细节理解题。

根据文章“Far from city lights ，the stargazing here is magnificent Aoraki Mount Cook National Park forms the majority of New Zealand’s only International Dark Sky Reserve"可
知，这里的星空是壮丽的奥拉基库克山国家公园形成唯一的国际黑暗天空保护区。

故星光闪耀的夜空是公园特色。

故选B.
2。

略
3。

细节理解题.根据文章“Climbers don’t require permits ，but are requested to complete a trip intentions form”可知，游客必须要填意向表，即游客要选择自己适合的项目.故洗A。

【答案】DCAC
【解析】1．推理判断题。

根据文章第二段的句子“Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930’s”可知,作者将20世纪30年代和现在对比是为了表示自从20世纪30年代收入水平在增加。

故选D。

2．细节理解题。

根据文章第二段的句子“Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner，the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed，and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness。

”可知，很多失业的人是来自很多家庭成员在工作的家庭。

故选C。

3．推理判断题。

根据文章第三段的句子“Finally，income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled，and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor，so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected。

"可知，那些做低收入,兼职工作的人感受不到收入转移的影响.故选A.
4．主旨大意题.根据文章最后一段的句子“There is only one area of agreement in this debate—-that the existing poverty，employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.”可知，文章主要介绍什么时候贫困，就业和收入数据彼此一致。

故选C。

【备注】文章介绍劳动市场问题对社会所造成的冲击很难用数据体现。

全文从数据对社会问题的夸大和低估两个方面开始进行分析。

【答案】BADE。