航空发动机专业英语之飞机机体

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The chord of an airfoil is the imaginary straight line drawn
through the airfoil from its leading edge to its trailing edge. The camber of an airfoil is the curve of its upper and lower surfaces. This curve is measured by how much it departs from the chord of the airfoil. Some airfoils have very little camber, i.e. , the airfoil looks flat, while others have a higher degree of camber—the airfoil has
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Cockpit 驾驶座，驾驶舱 Jet engine 喷气发动机 Thrust 推力 Wing 机翼 Horizontal stabilizer 水平安定面 Pitch 俯仰 Vertical stabilizer 垂直安定面 Yaw 偏航 Rudder 方向舵 Side-to-side 左右
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The camber of an airfoil affects its lift. The direction of the air that is flowing past an airfoil relative to the path
of flight is called the relative wind. The relative wind is
always parallel and opposite in direction to the path of flight. imaginary straight line depart from i.e. flat lift 也就是 平，扁平 升力
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The hinged part of the horizontal stabilizer is called the elevator, it is used to deflect the tail up and down. The outboard hinged part of the wing is called the aileron: it is used to roll the wings from side to side. Most airliners can also be rolled from side to side by using the spoilers. Spoilers are small plates that are used to disrupt the flow over the wing and to change the amount of force by decreasing the lift when the spoiler is deployed.
1.7 Airfoil
An airfoil is any part of an aircraft that is designed to
produce lift. The wing is the primary airfoil but the propeller
can also be an airfoil as well as the tail surfaces or sometimes even the fuselage itself. An airfoil has a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord, and camber. The leading edge is the ―front‖ of the airfoil – the portion that meets the

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This page shows the parts of an airplane and their functions. Airplanes are transportation devices which
are designed to move people and cargo from one place
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假想的直线
Байду номын сангаас
离开
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parallel
与…相似，相同的，同样的
1.8 Airplane Parts Definitions
Figure 1.7 Airplane Parts Definitions
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The vertical stabilizer keeps the nose of the plane from swinging from side to side, while the horizontal stabilizer prevents an up-and-down motion of the nose. (On the Wright brother’s first aircraft, the horizontal stabilizer was placed in front of the wings. Such a configuration is called a canard after the French word for ―duck‖).At the rear of the wings and stabilizers are small moving sections that are attached to the fixed sections by hinges.
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locate 设置，安排，固定 beneath 在下方，在…之下 motion 运动 To control and maneuver the aircraft, smaller wings are located at the tail of the plane. The tail usually has a fixed horizontal piece (called the horizontal stabilizer) and a fixed vertical piece (called the vertical stabilizer). The stabilizers’ job is to provide stability for the aircraft, to keep it flying straight.
air first. The trailing edge is the back of the airfoil – the
place at which the airflow over the upper surface of the airfoil joins the airflow over the lower surface of the airfoil.
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Figure 1.6 The elements of an airfoil
airfoil 翼型
fuselage 机身，壳体 前缘 leading edge
trailing edge
chord 弦 camber 弯度
后缘
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to another. Airplanes come in many different shapes
and sizes depending on the mission of the aircraft. The
airplane shown on this slide is a turbine-powered airliner which has been chosen as a representative aircraft. airliner 班(客)机
more curve. The term upper camber refers to the camber
of the upper surface of the airfoil. The term lower camber refers to the camber of the lower surface of the airfoil.
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representative 典型，有代表性 For any airplane to fly, you must lift the weight of the airplane itself, the fuel, the passengers, and the cargo. The wings generate most of the lift to hold the plane in the air. To generate lift, the airplane must be pushed through the air. The jet engines, which are located beneath the wings, provide the thrust to push the airplane forward through the air. The air resists the motion in the form of aerodynamic drag. Some airplanes use propellers for the propulsion system instead of jets.
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maneuver 操纵 stabilizer 安定面 nose 机头 configuration 外形 canard 前置安定面 rear 后面，后部 hinge 铰链 deflect 偏斜，偏转 deployed 展开，散开，应用

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Elevator 升降舵 Up-down 上下 Flaps 襟翼 Drag 阻力 Aileron 副翼 Roll 旋转 Spoiler 扰流片，扰流器 Slats 前缘缝翼 Payload 有效负载
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In the figure, these moving sections are colored brown. Changing the rear portion of a wing will change the amount of force that the wing produces. The ability to change forces gives us a means of controlling and maneuvering the airplane. The hinged part of the vertical stabilizer is called the rudder: it is used to deflect the tail to the left and right as viewed from the front of the fuselage.