2015大连理工大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练
2015年辽宁省专升本英语考试真题答案

2015年辽宁省专升本英语考试真题答案2015 Liaoning Province College Entrance Examination for Adults (Specialized English) AnswersPart I Listening Comprehension (30 points)1. D2. C3. A4. C5. A6. B7. A8. B9. C10. A11. B12. C13. B15. A16. B17. A18. C19. B20. APart II Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)21. B22. A23. C24. D25. B26. A27. C28. D29. BPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)31. A32. B33. D34. C35. D36. A37. B38. C39. A40. D41. C42. B43. D44. A45. C47. D48. A49. B50. DPart IV Translation (10 points)51. With the rapid development of the Internet, online shopping has become increasingly popular.52. As soon as he heard the news of the accident, he rushed to the scene.53. Not until all the work was completed did he realize how valuable cooperation was.54. The city has launched a series of measures to tackle air pollution.55. It wasn't until he went abroad for further studies that he realized the importance of English.Part V Writing (30 points)Sample answer:In today's society, the issue of environmental protection has become a hot topic of discussion. The deterioration of the environment not only threatens human health but also endangers the survival of many species. As individuals, we should all take steps to protect the environment.One of the most effective ways to protect the environment is to reduce waste and recycle. By reducing, reusing, and recycling products, we can minimize our impact on the environment. Another important step is to conserve energy and water. We can do this by turning off lights and appliances when not in use and fixing leaky faucets. Additionally, we should all strive to reduce our carbon footprint by using public transportation, carpooling, and using energy-efficient products.In conclusion, protecting the environment is a collective responsibility that requires the cooperation of individuals, businesses, and governments. By taking steps to reduce waste, conserve resources, and reduce our carbon footprint, we can all contribute to a healthier and more sustainable planet.Overall comment: The essay is well-organized and provides a clear and persuasive argument for the importance of environmental protection. The language used is appropriate and the essay effectively addresses the topic.。
大连理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析

大连理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such assteering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes,makesitself sound like a precise science.Nothing could be further fromthe truth.The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain.And there are long,variable lags before policy changes have anyeffect on the economy.Hence there is an analogy that likens theconduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi windscreen,a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages,central bankers seem to have hadmuch to boast about of late.Average inflation in the big sevenindustrial economies fell to a mere2.3%last year,close to its lowestlevel in30years,before rising slightly to2.5%this July.This isa long way below the double-digit rates which many countriesexperienced in the1970s and early1980s.It is also less than most forecasters had predicted.In late1994the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said thatAmerica’s inflation rate would average3.5%in1995.In fact,it fellto2.6%in August,and is expected to average only about3%for theyear as a whole.In Britain and Japan inflation is running half apercentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year.This is no flash in the pan;over the past couple of years,inflationhas been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States,since conventional measures suggest that both economies,and especially America’s,have little productive slack.America’s capacity utilisation,for example,hit historically high levels earlier this year,and its jobless rate(5.6%in August)has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment-the rate below which inflation has taken off on the past.Why has inflation proved so mild?The most thrilling explanation is,unfortunately,a little defective.Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.67.From the passage we learn that________.(A)there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates(B)economy will always follow certain models(C)the economic situation is better than expected(D)economists had foreseen the present economic situation68.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?(A)Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car.(B)An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.(C)A high unemployment rate will result from inflation.(D)Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.69.The sentence This is no flash in the pan(line5,paragraph 3)means that________.(A)the low inflation rate will last for some time(B)the inflation rate will soon rise(C)the inflation will disappear quickly(D)there is no inflation at present70.The passage shows that the author is________the present situation.(A)critical of(B)puzzled by(C)disappointed at(D)amazed at答案及试题解析67.(C)意为:经济形势比预想的好。
2015届高考高三英语二轮专题复习精练:阅读理解(12)

2015届高考高三英语二轮专题复习精练:阅读理解(12)A[2014·辽宁省大连市高三双基测试]“Sooner or later, we will have to recognize that the Earth also has rights to live without pollution. What we must know is that human beings cannot live without the Earth, but the planet can live without humans.”—Evo MoralesI am not one to tell people what to do; I basically believe that as Americans we have a right to our own opinions, social issues, etc. Now, with that being said, I must stress one issue that seems to be a growing trend:pick up your trash.I love the fact that parents involve their children in outdoor activities. In fact, I encourage outdoor activities for children. I think that being outdoors away from technological devices fuels the imagination. That is to say, it provides materials for children's writing and creation. I really do love seeing a family sitting along a river bridge and enjoying some summertime fishing as well as exploring.But what I do not like is going back to the same area the next day and finding the place littered with trash. Pick up your trash.If you are teaching your children about outdoor activities, such as fishing, teach them to respect nature as well. When packing your supplies for the day's outing, throw a small kitchen bag in with the rest of the items. Use the kitchen bag to throw your papers, cans, wrappers, containers and everything else that is not at the site upon arrival. Remember to take the kitchen bag with you. Don't misuse your responsibility and model.I am the first one to admit that I am not perfect when it comes to the “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle”program. From my desk right now, I can see a pile of old magazines that need to be taken to the recycling center. But I would never leave trash along a roadside or other public areas.I would like to see future generations enjoy the outdoors without all the pollutants left behind today. For now, I would just like to take my wildlife photos without litter in the background. Pick up your trash.1.What is implied in Evo Morales' words in Paragraph 1?A. Human beings should change their attitude towards the Earth.B. Human beings will live forever on the Earth safe and sound.C. Human beings have realized the importance of caring about the Earth.D. Human beings only know they have rights to ask for more from the Earth.2.Why does the author think he is not perfect when referring to the Three R's program?A. He isn't accustomed to using the kitchen bag.B. He would never pick up trash at the roadside.C. He always throws the old magazines to the dustbin.D. He doesn't take his old magazines to a recycling center.3.What is the purpose of this passage?A. To give parents some guidance on how to educate their children.B. To teach a lesson to those parents who don't care about the Earth.C. To show his attitude towards parents' behavior in outdoor activities.D. To ask parents to guide their kids to respect nature in outdoor activities.[文章大意]作者通过引用别人的话介绍了美国人的环保理念:收拾好自己的垃圾。
2015年全国医学博士入学统一考试英语真题及答案解析

2015年全国医学博士入学统一考试英语真题及答案解析Part I: Listening comprehension(略)Part II: Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four word or phrases marked A,B,C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Despite his doctor’s note of caution, he never____from dring and smorking.A. retainedB. dissuadedC. alleviatedD. abstained32. people with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likely to____their hearing.A. rehabilitateB. jeopardizeC. tranquilizeD. supplement33. impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to____larry in any way in his success.A. refuteB. ratifyC. facilitateD. impede34. when the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their plan______.A. accordinglyB. alternativelyC. considerablyD. relatively35. it is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can_____ future adults with appreciation of music.A. acquaintB. familiarizedC. endowD. amuse36. if the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should be subsided when energy prices_____A. level outB. stand outC. come offD. wear off37. heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate_____ from qualified medical personnel.A. prescriptionB. palpationC. interventionD. interposition38. asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma, asbestosis and internal organ cancers, and_____ of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.A. offsetB. intakeC. outletD. onset39. ebola, which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine,______ and semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.A. salineB. salivaC. scabiesD. scrabs40. the newly designed system is ____ to genetic transfections, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.A. comparableB. transmissibleC. translatableD. amenable Section BDirections: each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it issubstituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41. every year more than 1000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.A. propellingB. prolongingC. puzzlingD. promising42. improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS.A. disgraceB. discriminationC. harassmentD. segregation43. surviviors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude.A. depletionB. dehydrationC. exhaustionD. handicap44. scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.A. negativeB. confusingC. eloquentD. indistinct45. top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from long-term goals.A. anticipateB. clarifyC. examineD. verify46. his imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.A. challengingB. solemnC. hostileD. demanding47. the discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.A. erasedB. triggeredC. shadowedD. suspended48. faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger, so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench it.A. nurtureB. eliminateC. assimilateD. puncture49. some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.A. unpredictableB. unconventionalC. unparalleledD. unexpected50. a veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating touchy situation.A. estimatingB. handlingC. rectifyingD. anticipatingPart III Cloze(10%)Direction: in this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases 51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth 52 tumors were discovered in her daughter’s cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby’s cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cellsof the mother. But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father 53 would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn child’s body across the placental barrier.The Guardian claimed this to be the fires 54 case of cells crossing the placental barrier. But this is not the case----microchimerism 55 cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common, with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 70 percent of cases and to go the other way about half,56.As the BBC pointed out, the greater 57 in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer, in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells, which led to the 58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched.59, according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of “cancer danger”. Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined 60 of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby’s immune system is extremely low.51. A. suggests B. suggesting C. having suggested D. suggested52. A. since B. although C. whereas D. when53. A. what B. whom C. who D. as54. A. predicted B. notorious C. proven D. detailed55. A. where B. when C. if D. whatever56. A. as many B. as much C. as well D. as often57. A. threat B. puzzle C. obstacle D. dilemma58. A. detection B. deletion C. amplification D. addition59. A. therefore B. furthermore C. nevertheless D. conclusively60. A. likelihood B. function C. influence D. flexibilityPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions: in this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish byhalf.First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-first-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.Pfizer announced that one such drug it’s pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug initial tests, and 9 out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent?Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent response to a cancer drug(or in this case a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never would’ve been two competing companies hadn’t sat down and put their heads together.Are there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by competitive interest and proprietary information? Who’s to say, but it seems like with the amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, the outcome pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncology’s favorite four-letter word: cure.61. which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Competition and CooperationB.Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC. The promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD. Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug62. in cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals now ____A. are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB. are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC. are investing the lion’s shares of their moneyD. care only about their profits63. from the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer that____A. the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB. it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC. other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD. the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy64. from the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer to the question___A. is nowhere to be foundB. can drive one crazyC. can be multipleD. is conditional65. the tone of the author of this passage seems to be_____A. neutralB. criticalC. negativeD. potimistPassage TwoLiver disease is the 12th leading cause of death in the US, chiefly because once it’s determined that a patient needs a new liver it’s difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, there’s guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-grown livers into rats.The livers aren’t grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructure of a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold(支架) with liver cells isolated from health livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days.The team also translated some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rat’s vascular systems. However, the current method isn’t perfect and can not seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can’t keep functioning for more than about 24 hours(hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat thansplant).But the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic, but if nothing goes horribly wrong—and especially if stem-cell research established a reliable way to create health liver cells from the every patients who need transplants-lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.66. it can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intended to____A. investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the labB. explore the unknown functions of the human liverC. reduce the incidence of liver disease in the US.D. address the source of liver transplants67. what does the author mean when he says that the livers aren’t grown from scratch?A. the making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architectureB. a huge step toward building functioning livers in the labC. the building of the infrastructure of a donor liverD. growing liver cells in the donor organ68. the biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab until____A. duplicated syntheticallyB. isolated from the healthy liverC. repopulated with the healthy cellsD. the addition of some man-made blood vessels69. what seems to be the problem in the planted liver?A. the rats as wrong recipientsB. the time point of the transplantationC. the short period of the recellularizationD. the insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels70. the research team holds high hopes of_____A. creating lab-generated livers for patients within two yearsB. the timetable for generating human livers in the labC. stem-cell research as the future of medicineD. building a fully functioning liver into ratsPassage ThreePatients whose eyes have suffered heat or chemical bums typically experience severe damage to the cornea—the thin, transparent front of the eye that refracts light and contributes most of the eye’s focusing ability. In a long-term study, Italian researchers use stem cells taken from the limbus, the border between the cornea and the white of the eye, to cultivate a graft of healthy cells in a lab to help restore vision in eyes. During the 10-years study, the researchers implanted the healthy stem cells into the damaged cornea in 113 eyes of 112 patients. The treatment was fully successful in more than 75 percent of the patients, and partially successful in 13 percent. Moreover, the restored vision remained stable over 10 years. Success was defined as an absence of all symptoms and permanent restoration of the cornea.Treatment outcome was initially assessed at one year, with up to 10 years of follow-up evaluations. The procedure was even successful on several patients whose bum injuries had occurred years earlier and who had already undergone surgery.Current treatment for burned eyes involves taking stem cells from a patient’s healthy eye, or from the eyes of another person, and transferring them to the burned eye. The new procedure, however, stimulates the limbal stem cells from the patient’s own eye to reproduce in a lab culture. Several types of treatments using stem cells have proven successful in restoring blindness, but the long-term effectiveness shown here is significant. The treatment is only for blindness caused by damage to the cornea; it is not effective for repairing damaged retinas or optic nerves.Chemical eye burns often occur in the workplace, but can also happen due to mishaps involving household cleaning products and automobile batteries.The result of the study, based at Italy’s University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, were published in the June 23 online issue of the New England Journalof Medicine.71. what is the main idea of this passage?A. stem cells can help restore vision in the eyes blinded by bums.B. the vision in the eyes blinded by bums for 10 years can be restoredC. the restored vision of the burned eyes treated with stem cells can last for10 yearsD. the burned eyes can only be treated with stem cells from other healthy persons72. the Italian technique reported in this passage_____A. can repair damaged retinasB. is able to treat damaged optic nervesC. is especially effective for burn injuries in the eyes already treated surgicallyD. shows a long-term effectiveness for blindness in vision caused by damage to cornea73. which of the following is NOT mentioned about eye bums?A. the places in which people workB. the accidents that involve using household cleaning productsC. the mishaps that involved vehicles batteriesD. the disasters caused by battery explosion at home74. what is one of the requirements for the current approach?A. the stem cells taken from a healthy eyeB. the patient physically healthyC. the damaged eye with partial visionD. the blindness due to damaged optic nerves75. which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude towards the new method?A. sarcasticB. indifferentC. criticalD. positivePassage FourHere is a charming statistic: divide the us by race, sex and county of residence, and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged look like denizens of a poor African country: a boy born on a Native American reservation in Jackson County, South Dakota, for example, will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday, a typical child in Senegal can expect to live longer than that.America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations, health inequalities based on race, sex and class exist in most societies—and are only party explained by access to healthcare.But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail(开创), after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city’s black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity, so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively.We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder, thanks to pioneering studies of British civil servants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London. What’s exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies that it both probes the mechanisms invlilved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation. Encouraged by the US National Institutes of Health , similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health, in populations ranging from urban black men to while poor women in rural Appalachia.To realize the full potential of such projects, biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a “soft science” with little that’s serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle—fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics, or crude race-based medicine.It’s time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society’s most deprived members. More important, it’s time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications, not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites, rich and poor.76. as shown in the 1st paragraph, the shaming statistic reflects______.A. injustice everywhereB. racial discriminationC. a growing life spanD. health inequalities77. which of the following can have a negative impact on health according to the Chicago-based project?A. where to liveB. which race to belong toC. how to adjust environmentallyD. what medical problem to suffer78. the Chicago-based project focuses its management on_____A. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment79. which of the following can most probably neglected by sociologists?A. the racial perspectiveB. the environmental aspectC. the biological dimensionD. the psychological angel80. the author is a big fan of______A. the combination of a traditional and new way of thinking in promoting healthB. the integration of biologists and sociologists to reduce health inequalitiesC. the mutual understanding and respect between racesD. public education and health promotionPassage FiveAmerican researchers are working on three antibodies that many mark a new step on the path toward an HIV vaccine, according to a report published online Thursday, July 8,2010, in the journal Science.One of the antibodies suppresses 91 percent of HIV strains, more than any AIDS antibody ever discovered, according to a report on the findings published in the Wall Street Journal. The antibodies were discovered in the cells of a 60-year-old African-American gay man whose body produced them naturally. One antibody in particular is substantially different from its precursors, the Science study says.The antibodies could be tried as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the WSJ reports. At the very least, they might boost the efficacy of current antiretroviral drugs.It is welcome news for the 33 million people the United Nations estimated were living with AIDS at the end of 2008.The WSJ outlines the painstaking method the team used to find the antibody amid the cells of the African—American man, known as Donor 45. First they designed a probe that looks just like a spot on a particular molecule on the cells that HIV infects. They used the probe to attract only the antibodies that efficiently attack that spot. They screened 25 million of Donor 45’s cell to find just 12 cells that produced the antibodies.Scientists have already discovered plenty of antibodies that either don’t work at all or only work on a couple of HIV strains. Last year marked the first time that researchers found ”broadly neutralizing antibodies”, which knock out many HIV strains. But none of those antibodies neutralized more than about 40 percent of them, the WSJ says. The newest antibody, at 91 percent neutralization , is a marked improvement.Still, more work needs to be done to ensure the antibodies would activate the immune system to produce natural defenses against AIDS, the study authors say. They suggest there test methods that blend the three new antibodies together—in raw form to prevent transmission of the virus, such as from mother to child; in a microbicide gel that women or gay men could use before sex to prevent infection; or as a treatment for HIV/AIDS, combined with antiretroviral drug.If the scientists can find the right way to stimulate production of the antibodies, they think most people could produce then, the WSJ says.81. we can learn from the beginning of the passage that_______A. a newly discovered antibody defeats 91% of the HIV strainsB. a new antiretroviral drug has just come on the marketC. American researchers have developed a new vaccine for HIVD. the African—American gay man was cured of this HIV infection82. what is the implication of the antibodies discovered in the cells of the African—American gay man?A. they can cure the 33 million AIDS patients in the worldB. they may strengthen the effects of the existing antiretroviral drugsC. they will kill all the HIV virusesD. they will help make a quick diagnosis of an HIV infection83. the newest antibody found in Donor 45 reflects a dramatic advance in terms of_____.A. pathologyB. pharmacologyC. HIV neutralizationD. HIV epidemiology84. according to the study authors, the three test methods are intended to____.A. advance the technology in condom production to prevent HIV infectionB. facilitate the natural immune defense against AIDSC. develop more effective antiretroviral drugs85. the passage is most likely_____.A. a news reportB. a paper in ScienceC. an excerpt from an Immunology TextbookD. an episode in a science fiction novel.Passage SixWhitening the world's roofs would offset the emissions of the world's cars for 20 years, according to a new study from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.Overall, installing lighter-colored roofs and pavement can cancel the heat effect of two years of global carbon dioxide emissions, Berkeley Lab says. It's the first roof-cooling study to use a global model to examine the issue.Lightening-up roofs and pavement can offset 57 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide, about double the amount the world emitted in 2006, the study found. It was published in the journalEnvironmental Research Letters.Researchers used a conservative estimate of increased albedo, or solar reflection, suggesting that purely white roofs would be even better. They increased the albedo of all roofs by 0.25 and pavement by 0.15. That means a black roof, which has an albedo of zero, would only need to be replaced by a roof of a cooler color -- which might be more feasible to implement than a snowy white roof, Berkeley Lab says.The researchers extrapolated a roof's CO2 offset over its average lifespan. If all roofs were converted to white or cool colors, they would offset about 24 gigatons (24 billion metric tons) of CO2, but only once. But assuming roofs last about 20 years, the researchers came up with 1.2 gigatons per year. That equates to offsetting the emissions of roughly 300 million cars, all the cars in the world, for 20 years.Pavement and roofs cover 50 to 65 percent of urban areas, and cause a heat-island effect because they absorb so much heat. That's why cities aresignificantly warmer than their surrounding rural areas. This effect makes it harder -- and therefore more expensive -- to keep buildings cool in the summer. Winds also move the heat into the atmosphere, causing a regional warming effect.Energy Secretary Steven Chu, a Nobel laureate in physics (and former Berkeley Lab director), has advocated white roofs for years. He put his words into action Monday by directing all Energy Department offices to install white roofs. All newly installed roofs will be white, and black roofs might be replaced when it is cost-effective over the lifetime of the roof."Cool roofs are one of the quickest and lowest-cost ways we can reduce our global carbon emissions and begin the hard work of slowing climate change," he said in a statement.86. which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. a Decline in Car EmissionsB. white Roofs or Black PavementsC. the Effect of Linghting-up RoofsD. climate Change and Extreme Weathers87. a indicated by the passage, black roofs______A. are better than snowy white onesB. reflect not heat from the sunC. are more expensive to build in the urban areasD. are supposed to be placed by snowy white ones88. if they are converted to white or cooler colors, all roofs in the world in their lifetime_____A. can absorb 1.2 gigattons of CO2 a yearB. could serve as 300 million cars in terms of emissionC. would offset the emissions from 300 million carsD. would offset about 24 gigatons of CO2 as emitted from the cars89. according to the passage, it is hard and expensive to keep the urban buildings cool because of______A. the heat-island effectB. the lack of seasonal windsC. the local unique weatherD. the fast urban shrinkage90. energy Secretary Steven Chu implies that_____A. nothing could be more effective in cooling global warming than method he has advocatedB. the method in question still needs to be justified in the futureC. our global carbon emissions can be reduced by half if cool roofs are installedD. weather change and global warming can be addressed in no timePart V Writing(20%)Directions: in this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage.什么是健康?人的健康包括身体健康和心理健康两个方面。
(完整word版)2015年全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题

2015 年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题1 请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚,并按”考场指令”要求,将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。
2。
试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(PaperTwo)答案都作答在标准答题卡上,不要做在试卷上。
3。
试卷一答题时必须使用28 铅笔,将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑:如要更正,先用橡皮擦干净。
书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。
4。
标准答题卡不可折叠,同时答题卡须保持平整干净,以利评分。
5。
听力考试只放一遍录音,每道题后有15 秒左右的答题时间。
国家医学考试中心PAPERONEPart 1 : Listening comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said,The question will be read only once, After you hear the question,read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D。
Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEETListen to the following example。
You will hear.Woman:1 fell faint.Man: No wonder You haven’t had a bite all day Question: What's the matter with the woman? You will read。
2015大连理工大学考博英语排序题:按照逻辑关系进行排序

2015大连理工大学考博英语排序题:按照逻辑关系进行排序10、11年考查了排序题题型,按照时间规律来看,排序题在2015年考查的机会大大增加。
首先,排序题是英语(一)4种备选题型中相对比较难的一种,它着重考查考生对文章内部结构和逻辑关系的把握程度。
此类题型主要考查文章的逻辑关系,对于考生从整个文章结构上把握写作脉络的能力要求比较高。
2015考博倒计时75天之际,育明考博考博小编为考博朋友整理分享“2015考博英语排序题:按照逻辑关系进行排序”的考博英语辅导资料,希望可以助考生一臂之力!(1)解题步骤A.第一步:阅读已经固定的段落。
通过阅读已知段就可以判断其前后的内容,需要注意的是如果首段是未知段一定要先确定出首段,而首段一般用排除法便可做出,因为文章的首段一般会指出文章需要论述的问题,进而顺藤摸瓜,找出下段。
还要注意将已经确定的两个选项从卷子上划去,防止引起不必要的混乱;如果固定段落没有首段,那么就要阅读选项后选出首段,然后结合已知段落来确定全文大意和大致结构。
B.第二步:阅读选项,并用笔在每个选项下方,标注本选项的核心词(名词、动词),从而明确整个文章的大致内容,了解各个选项之间的内在逻辑关系;C.第三步:确定语篇模式,排列各个选项的顺序;D.第四步:把自己已经选好的顺序带进文章里检查答案是否合理。
(2)解题方法①文章结构解题法因为阅读理解的文章全部是议论文或说明文,这就决定了这些文章本身的叙述和展开方式,弄清楚这些文章的结构自然在选择答案时就简单了许多:A.问题解答型:此类文章,一般采用原因性结构,然后分析其成因,包括主观的、客观的、直接的、间接的等。
那么文章的首段应该是提出问题,接下来就是具体的原因;原因也应该有相应的次序,考生可以自己判断进行选择。
B.现象解释型:此类文章,一般采用释义性结构,解释某一事物、现象、科学理论等,通常用举例子、打比方等方法来进行阐述论证。
这种文章首段一般是摆明现象,然后进行解释和阐述。
2015秋大连理工英语试卷 答案

1. With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ________ he was a man of action.A. whichB. that(这考的是定语从句)C. whatD. whether满分:4 分2. He's been sought after by many young girls. I am really surprised you have an unfavorable ______ of him.A. thoughtB. impression(词汇题,映象)C. conceptD. notion满分:4 分3. In 1958 Marian Anderson ________ her country as a United Nations delegate.A. served(定语从句)B. was servedC. to serveD. serving满分:4 分4. This is the microscope ______ which we have had so much trouble.A. atB. fromC. ofD. with(have trouble with 有麻烦。
句式with提前了)满分:4 分5. You shouldn't __________ your time like that, Bob; you have to finish your school work tonight.A. cutB. doC. kill(kill time 消磨时间,这是固定搭配)D. kick满分:4 分6. We all know that there are ________ ways of getting to know a person.A. varyingB. varietyC. various(多种多样的,这里需要形容词,B选项是名词)D. various of满分:4 分7. I advise that they ________ to the government for a home improvement fund, but I'm not sure whether they can obtain it.A. applicant(申请人)B. apply(apply for,申请)C. employ满分:4 分8. If she wants to stay thin, she must make a ___________ in her diet.A. change(make a chance,做出改变)B. turnC. runD. go满分:4 分9. How much has the company ________ this year?A. brought in(引资)B. brought downC. brought outD. brought about满分:4 分10. You will probably _____ your team's chance to win because you seem to have such a big _____ them.A. affect; impact inB. effect; impact inC. affect; impact on(影响,have a impact on对…有影响)D. effect; affect on满分:4 分11. Coal was formed out of dead forests by a long and slow _______ of chemical change.A. pressB. procedure(程序)C. successD. process(过程)满分:4 分12. The manager is always in a bad _____ on Mondays which signal the beginning of another exhausting week.A. mood(情绪)B. heartC. modeD. voice满分:4 分13. Don't _____ me in solving your problems. It is none of my business.(管我屁事)A. involve(involve in,涉及)B. evolveC. invokeD. invite满分:4 分14. Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _________ last night.A. must rainB. was rainingC. must have rained(虚拟语气,对过去事情的推敲)满分:4 分15. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to ________ down in the country.A. breakB. comeC. putD. settle(settle down,定居)满分:4 分16. Many countries lay more emphasis on ______ the offshore oil deposits.(近海油田)A. explainingB. exploiting(开采)C. expandingD. expelling满分:4 分17. There have been many ______ in their marriage, but they still love each other.A. right and wrongB. back and forthC. ups and downs(沉浮)D. right and left满分:4 分18. His salary as a driver is much higher than __________.A. a porterB. is a porterC. that of a porterD. as a porter满分:4 分19. We moved to London ______ we could visit our friends more often.A. even ifB. so that(以便)C. in caseD. as if满分:4 分20. Before falling asleep, Helen ________ the day's happenings. However, she couldn't recall who put forward that plan in the first place.A. repeatedB. reviewed(回忆)C. reportedD. retainedhomeless, which aroused great attention from the delegates present.B. 正确(bring up 提出,brought up是过去式)满分:2 分2. It is while we grow up that we begin realizing the purpose of education andunderstanding it's application in the daily life.A. 错误B. 正确满分:2 分3. Our department has a large collection of books, many of them are in English.A. 错误B. 正确满分:2 分4. Two members of the committee are against the proposal that the discussion ispostponed till next session.A.错误B. 正确满分:2 分5. It triggers a round of heated discussions about family relationship toward whichmany people hold the opinion that he should receive open trial.A. 错误B. 正确满分:2 分6. It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand wasmade.A. 错误B.正确满分:2 分7. Somehow, in the panic, the crew of the airplane were able to rescue nearly all of thepassengers.A. 错误B. 正确满分:2 分8. She's alive! She was drowning but that handsome young man was diving in andsaved her just in time.A9. We did the research as good as we could; however, it did not turn out to besatisfactory.10. Whoever breaks the law will be punished sooner or later.试卷二1. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _______ it is possible to test thismedicine on human patients.A. sinceB. beforeC. afterD. when满分:4 分2. Professor Johnson comes from either Oxford or MIT, I can’t remember __________.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. that满分:4 分3. It will be a great advantage to be able to speak a foreign language, especiallyif you are _____ business.A. inB. onC. toD. with4. Energy is __________ makes thing work.A. whatB. somethingC. anythingD. that满分:4 分5. Before the final examination, some students have shown __________ of tension. They even have trouble in sleeping.A. anxietyB. marksC. signsD. remarks满分:4 分6. I’ll gi ve you a ring if Mike _________ tomorrow.A. comesB. will comeC. cameD. is coming满分:4 分7. I would rather __________ two weeks earlier.A. you should come hereB. you come hereC. you must comeD. you came满分:4 分8. In order to ________ the disease, the first thing we should do is to do research about it and find out a satisfactory cure.A. confirmB. conductC. control(控制)D. confuse满分:4 分9. _______ girl dressed _______ black is her sister Rose.A. A … inB. A … onC. The … onD. The … in(the 是特指,dress in 穿上)满分:4 分10. That was a difficult question, but Mary still ________ to work it out.A. didB. failedC. keptD. managed11. She ________ the joy of writing children's stories and finally decided to devote herself to it.A. inventedB. discovered(发现)C. foundedD. revealed(显示)满分:4 分12. Information has been put forward __________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. whileB. that(定语从句)C. whenD. as满分:4 分13. The president would ______ Williams as his deputy in the city of New York on account of his attitude and achievements as well.A. assignB. scheduleC. nameD. appoint(任命)满分:4 分14. To be a good nurse(护士), one has to be patient, careful, responsible and _________.A. sociableB. generousC. industrious(勤劳的)D. ambitious满分:4 分15. Tom, what did you do with my documents? I have never seen such a __________ and disorder!A. massB. messC. guessD. bus满分:4 分16. Never get off the bus __________ it has stopped.A. ifB. as soon asC. until(直到)D. or满分:4 分17. Research _____ that men find it easier to give up smoking than women, but some experts are doubtful about this conclusion.A. indicates(表明)B. meansC. releasesD. points满分:4 分18. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in thatremote village.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. until满分:4 分19. Even people of great wisdom find it hard to settle a family quarrel. You'd betternot get _________ in the affairs of the couple.A. readyB. businessC. involved(get involved in涉及)D. busy满分:4 分20. With the help of the German experts, the factory produced _____ cars in 1993as the year before.A. as twice manyB. as many as twiceC. twice as many(2倍)D. as twice as many满分:4 分1. They liked to do one thing at one time and something else at another time or at anotherway.2. I prefer to live in the country rather than live in a city.B3. Turtles and tortoises look much like and are often mistaken for each other.满分:2 分4. By reading the instructions carefully, so that mistakes on the examination can beavoided.A. 错误(去掉by)B. 正确满分:2 分5. Despite the wonderful acting and great stars, the two-hours movie couldn't hold theaudience's attention.A. 错误(没有s)B. 正确满分:2 分6. John had to cut his visit shortly two days ahead of time.A. 错误B. 正确满分:2 分7. We could have finished the task, but it was always raining.A. 错误B.正确满分:2 分8. The hotel which I stayed during the vacation was rather poorly managed.A. 错误B. 正确满分:2 分9. In such areas as sports, ranking of individual performances are relatively wellaccepted since the parameters on which the rating is based are generally objective.A. 错误B. 正确满分:2 分10. I am a stranger to ancient coins.A. 错误1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.A. whichB. whatC. asD. those满分:4 分2. ______ with his report, the boss told John to write it all over again.A. Not being satisfied(不满意)B. Not having satisfiedC. Not to satisfyD. Not satisfying满分:4 分3. Since the introduction of the new technique, the production cost _____ greatly.A. reducesB. is reducedC. is reducingD. has been reduced(已经下降)满分:4 分4. The children are too young to tell good books _______ the bad ones.A. amongB. from(tell …from… ,分辨)C. withD. between满分:4 分5. Jane’s cap is red. But __________ is blue.A. herB. himC. his(his 物主性代词,指他的帽子)D. it's满分:4 分6. I can send him a note _______ the internet mail system today.A. inB. onC. fromD. via(通过)满分:4 分7. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ________ to half a dozen other groups before.A. was givingB. am givingC. had givenD. have given满分:4 分8. Mike is better than Peter ________ swimming.A. forB. atC. onD. in满分:4 分9. The nursery rhyme is very _______ to me. It reminds me of my childhood.A. subjectB. contraryC. familiar(熟悉)D. similar满分:4 分10. The wooden cabin, _____ by ancient trees, was built long ago by the old hunter.A. surrounded(被…围绕)B. involvedC. includedD. surpassed满分:4 分11. It was on the beach _______ Miss White found the man lying dead.A. that(it was … that 强调句)B. thisC. itD. which满分:4 分12. He looks sad because there are so many problems ___________.A. remaining to settleB. remained settlingC. remaining to be settled(等待被解决,被动语态)D. remained to be settled满分:4 分13. Two thousand dollars ________ enough for the car.A. beingB. wereC. areD. is满分:4 分14. The soup smells __________. Would you like some?A. goodB. wellC. properlyD. finely满分:4 分15. They use television advertising as a ________ for stimulating demand; apparently they have succeeded as the sales revenue has increased dramatically.A. device(装置)B. pathC. symbolD. name满分:4 分16. They have learned about __________ in recent years.A. several hundreds English wordsB. hundreds of English words(数百单词,固定搭配)C. hundred of English wordsD. several hundred English word满分:4 分17. We'll hold a sports meeting if it __________ rain tomorrow.A. won'tB. isn'tC. doesn'tD. has满分:4 分18. Children are often the innocent(无辜)______ of a divorce(离婚). Parents should think more about their children before they decide to divorce.A. survivorsB. losersC. defeatersD. victims(受害者)满分:4 分19. ________ tomorrow's lessons, Frank has no time to go out with his friends.A. Not preparingB. Not having preparedC. Not to prepareD. Being not prepared满分:4 分20. Is this house the one _____ you once lived in your childhood?A. where(定语从句)B. whenC. whatD. which满分:4 分Here’s how to reclaim control.B. 正确满分:2 分2. Having reviewed their articles will give us a much better feel for the major differencesbetween the two schools of thought.A. 错误B. 正确满分:2 分3. After studying at a community college, I transferred to an art school.A.错误B. 正确满分:2 分4. In many ways children live, as it were, in a different world with adults.A. 错误B. 正确满分:2 分5. The car was breaking down by the side of the road and the driver tried to repair it.A. 错误B. 正确满分:2 分6. These sentiments are shared by the thousands of victims of this highly publicizedwhite-collar crime, many of them are middle class Americans.A.错误B. 正确满分:2 分7. While Enron is certainly the most well known case of white-collar crime in recentyears, this type of crime is by all means an isolated incident.A. 错误B. 正确满分:2 分8. Any sensible students with the aim would have chosen a college with a largeengineering department.9. People with a sense of humor share several attributes, what is that they think about everything in a hopeful way.10. When your work life and your personal life feel out of balance, stress, along with its harmful effects, is the result.。
大连理工大学考博模拟试题:考博英语阅读理解习题

大连理工大学考博模拟试题:考博英语阅读理解习题How much pain do animals feel?This is a question which has caused endless controversy.Opponents of big game shooting,for example,arouse our pity by describing tile agonies of a badly-wounded beast that has crawled into a comer to die.In countries where the fox,the hare and the deer are hunted, animal-lovers paint harrowing pictures of the pursued animal suffering not only the physical distress of the chase but the mental anguish of anticipated death.The usual answer to these criticisms is that animals do not suffer in the same way,or to the same extent,as we de.Man was created with a delicate nervous system and has never lost his acute sensitiveness to pain;animals,on the other hand,had less sensitive systems to begin with and in the course of millions of years,have developed a capacity of ignoring injuries and disorders which human beings would find intolerable.For example,a dog will continue to play with a ball even after a serious injury to his foot;he may be unable to run without limping,but he will go on trying long after a human child would have had to stop because of the pain.We are told,moreover,that even when animals appear to us to be suffering acutely,this is not so;what seems to us to be agonized contortions caused by pain are in fact no more than muscular contractions over which they have no control.6.Animal-lovers assume that animals,being hunted,would suffer from ____.A)a great deal of agony both in body and in spiritB)mental distress once they are woundedC)only body pains without feeling sadD)crawling into the comer to die7.Supporters of game shooting may argue that animals______.A)cannot control their muscular contractionsB)have developed a capacity of feeling no painC)are not as acutely sensitive as human beings to injuriesD)can endure all kinds of disorders.(examda)8.The author feels sure that_____.A)animals don't show suffering to usB)dogs are more endurable than human childrenC)we cannot know what animals feelD)comparing animals with human beings is not appropriate9.What is the author's opinion about animal hunting?A)We should feel the same as the hunted animals do.B)We should protect and save all the animals.C)We shouldn't cause suffering to them.D)We should take care of them if we can.10.This passage seems to____.A)argue for somethingB)explain somethingC)tell a storyD)describe an object本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
大连理工大学2015秋季《大学英语4》全套习题答案

大工15秋《大学英语4》在线测试1一、单选题(共20 道试题,共80 分。
)1. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _________ on business first.A. would goB. will goC. wentD. have gone正确答案:C2. Who would you rather ______ with you, George or me?A. goingB. to goC. have goneD. went正确答案:D3. You would be _____ a risk to let your child go to school by himself.A. omittingB. attachingC. affordingD. running正确答案:D4. When the railway is completed, we _________ get to town much easily.A. mustB. wouldC. are able toD. will be able to正确答案:D5. It’s cold outside, you'd better _________ your coat.A. wearB. dressC. put onD. in正确答案:C6. Jane’s dress is similar in design __________ her sister’s.A. likeB. withC. toD. as正确答案:C7. She __________ the man as her attacker and reported him immediately to the police nearby.A. knewB. realizedC. identifiedD. regarded正确答案:C8. It is a __________ 100 meter from my house to the theater. Let's leave the car in thegarage and walk there.A. onlyB. mereC. rareD. hardly正确答案:B9. Before the final examination, some students have shown _________ of tension. They even have trouble in sleeping.A. anxietyB. marksC. signsD. remarks正确答案:C10. The residents, _____ had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all of their homesB. all their homesC. whose all homesD. all of whose homes正确答案:D11. Two days is not enough for him to finish the work. He needs __________ day.A. otherB. the otherC. the thirdD. a third正确答案:D12. Professor, would you slow down a bit, please? I can't _________ you.A. keep up withB. put up withC. make up toD. hold on to正确答案:A13. We have been friends since childhood. Though we may quarrel off and on, I still__________ her as one of my best friends.A. numberB. countC. conductD. relieve正确答案:B14. __________, I would take an umbrella with me.A. Had I been youB. I were youC. Were I youD. I had been you正确答案:C15. Considering for a long time, he finally came up with a new ________ to the problem.A. wayB. meansC. methodD. approach正确答案:D16. We're having difficulty keeping up our __________ payments to the bank so we have to save every penny.A. mortgageB. bondC. pensionD. welfare正确答案:A17. We left the meeting, there obviously ______ no point in staying.A. wereB. beingC. to beD. having正确答案:B18. He looks sad. There are so many problems __________.A. remaining to settleB. remained settlingC. remaining to be settledD. remained to be settled正确答案:C19. I _________ round in my seat to speak to her, as a result of which I was scolded by the teacher.B. twistedC. overlookedD. stayed正确答案:B20. Your complaint about the poor service of the restaurant must be made through the proper __________.A. channelsB. canalsC. passagewayD. corridor正确答案:A大工15秋《大学英语4》在线测试1二、判断题(共10 道试题,共20 分。
2015理工C阅读理解2

理工类阅读理解第九篇 An Essential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that's not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live.The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops. If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth's atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet.【练习】1.In the first paragraph,the word "excess" means词汇题A heavy.B extra.C green.D liquid.2.Which of the following does not move through a plant's stomata?细节题A Carbon dioxide.B Water vapor.C Oxygen.D Food.3.In the title, the term Essential Scientific Process refers to 主题类+词汇类A photosynthesis.B the formation of glucose.C global warming.D water getting to the roots of plants.4.This passage is primarily developed by 推断类(理解文章意思后概况,标题词优先)A explaining a process.B telling a story.C comparing and contrasting.D convincing the reader of plants' importance.5.Another good title for this passage would be 主题类A Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide.B Plants and Their Roots.C How Photosynthesis Works.D Why Our Earth Needs Water.【答案与题解】1.B答案:前文讲到,植物产生的氧气一部分被植物自身消耗了,但植物消耗的氧气量远小于它们产生的氧气,因此可以推测这句话的意思是剩余的氧气对于动物以及其他生物体的生存是至关重要的。
2015年度全国医学考博英语统考-阅读理解全解及详解

2015年Passage oneThe American society of clinical oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half. 美国临床肿瘤协会于本周召开年会,大会讨论像往年一样提议了一些药物,能够提高疗效以及延长那些已确诊的不治之症患者的寿命,但深挖美联社报道中文章,发现一个有前景的标题,值得我们进一步了解,其中一个治疗研究,明确所有患者经过治疗后有一半患者肿瘤消失。
First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group. 首先,制药公司从主要以效益一刀切发展模式向药物研发和接受长期癌症治疗,以及针对一小部分患者且成效显著的药物研发。
2015中山大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练

2015中山大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor.Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families,while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children.These roles were firmly fixed for most people,and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.But by the middle of this century,men's and women's roles were becoming less firmly fixed.examdaIn the1950s,economic and social success was the goal of the typical American.But in the1960s a new force developed called the counterculture.The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals.The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices.Taking more interest in childcare,men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives.In fact,some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes.In addition,many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier.Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers,the counterculture was not a very large group of people.But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns.Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on“overtime”work so that they could spend more leisure time withtheir families.Some doctors,lawyers,and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the1970s,the feminist movement,or women's liberation,produced additional economic and social changes.Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers.Most of them still took traditional women's jobs as public school teaching,nursing,and secretarial work.But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations:police work,banking,dentistry,and construction work.Women were asking for equal work,and equal opportunities for promotion.examdaToday the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women.Naturally,there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l iu jiu qi ba QQ:si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu)1.Which of the following best express the main idea of Paragraph1?A.Women usually worked outside the home for wages.B.Men and women's roles were easily exchanged in the past.C.Men's roles at home were more firmly fixed than women's.D.Men and women's roles were usually quite separated in the past.2.Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph2?A.The first sentence.B.The second and the third sentences.C.The fourth sentence.D.The last sentence.3.In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture___.A.destroyed the United States.B.transformed some American values.C.was not important in the United States.D.brought people more leisure time with their families.4.It could be inferred from the passage that___.A.men and women will never share the same goals.B.some men will be willing to exchange their traditional male roles.C.most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wives.D.more American households are headed by women than ever before.5.The best title for the passage may be___.A.Results of Feminist MovementsB.New influence in American LifeC.Counterculture and Its consequenceD.Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles.答案:DCBCB本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
2015年考研英语阅读习题及答案

Passage You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say theydeal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of aboutone per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(骗⼦); another refers to them asspecial cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made byno such people. To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-that's when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony(假的)diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University.The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper. 1. The main idea of this passage is that . A) employers are checking more closely on applicants now B) lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem C) college degrees can now be purchased easily D) employers are no longer interested in college degrees 2. According to the passage, special cases refer to cases where . A) students attend a school only part-time B) students never attended a school they listed on their application C) students purchase false degrees from commercial films D) students attended a famous school 3. We can infer from the passage that . A) performance is a better judge of ability that a college degree B) experience is the best teacher C) past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do D) a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job petition 4. This passage implies that . A) buying a false degree is not moral B) personnel officers only consider applicants from famousschools C) most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school D) society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications 5. As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word utter means . A)address B)thorough C)ultimate D)decisive Answer1.B2.C3.D4.D5.C。
2015年硕士英语考试真题及答案

2015年硕士英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇12015年硕士英语考试真题及答案Part I Reading Comprehension (40%) (40 Points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.In the United States, increasing fuel efficiency used to be seen as a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on costly foreign oil. But the collapse of the price of oil has changed the equation. “People pretty commonly think of fuel efficiency as dodging the price bullet,” says Joseph Aldy, a professor of public policy at Harvard Kennedy School. Basically, when the price of oil drops, so does the cost at the pump. Thismakes fuel efficiency less of a priority. Yet, fuel efficiency should still be a consideration.1. According to the passage, what is the main argument for increasing fuel efficiency in the U.S.?A. To reduce greenhouse gas emissionsB. To reduce dependence on costly foreign oilC. To dodge the price bulletD. All of the aboveThe correct answer is D.2. Which of the following best describes the author’s view on the importance of fuel efficiency in light of the drop in oil prices?A. It is no longer necessary to consider fuel efficiency.B. Fuel efficiency is still important.C. The importance of fuel efficiency has drastically increased.D. The author does not express an opinion on the importance of fuel efficiency in light of the drop in oil prices.The correct answer is B.3. According to the passage, what has changed the equation in terms of fuel efficiency?A. The cost at the pump has increased.B. The price of oil has dropped.C. People are driving less.D. All of the aboveThe correct answer is B.4. What is the relationship between fuel efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in the passage?A. There is no relationship.B. There is a positive relationship.C. There is a negative relationship.D. The relationship is unclear.The correct answer is C.5. What is a major argument against increasing fuel efficiency in the passage?A. The price of oil has dropped.B. People commonly think of fuel efficiency as dodging the price bullet.C. People are driving less.D. All of the aboveThe correct answer is A.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.When it comes to goal setting, many of us tend to only focus on the end result. We set a goal, work towards it, and believe that once we achieve it, we will be happy and fulfilled. However, what research shows is that it’s actua lly the process, not the outcome, that matters most for our happiness.6. Based on the passage, what do many people tend to focus on when setting goals?A. The processB. The end resultC. Achieving happinessD. Believing in oneselfThe correct answer is B.7. Which of the following best describes the author’s view on what matters most for our happiness when it comes to goal setting?A. The end resultB. The processC. Achieving fame and fortuneD. Believing in oneselfThe correct answer is B.8. What does research show is most important for our happiness when setting goals?A. Achieving fame and fortuneB. The processC. The end resultD. Believing in oneselfThe correct answer is B.9. What is the main point the author is trying to make in the passage?A. Achieving goals is not important.B. The process of working towards a goal is more important than the end result.C. Happiness comes from achieving goals.D. Believing in oneself is the key to achieving goals.The correct answer is B.10. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The importance of setting goalsB. Achieving fame and fortuneC. The process of working towards a goalD. Believing in oneselfThe correct answer is C.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The use of technology in education has long been a topic of debate. While some see it as an essential tool for learning, others believe that it is a distraction that hinders academic progress. One study found that students who use laptops in class score lower on exams than those who take notes by hand. The reasonfor this is that students tend to type verbatim what the professor says, without processing the information.11. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The benefits of using technology in educationB. The drawbacks of using technology in educationC. The importance of taking notes by handD. The impact of technology on academic progressThe correct answer is D.12. What does the passage say about students who use laptops in class?A. They score higher on exams.B. They score lower on exams.C. They process information better.D. They tend to type verbatim what the professor says.The correct answer is B.13. Why do students who use laptops in class score lower on exams, according to the passage?A. They do not listen to the professor.B. They do not take notes.C. They type verbatim what the professor says.D. They process information better.The correct answer is C.14. According to the passage, what is one reason why some believe technology is a distraction in education?A. Students tend to take notes by hand.B. Students type verbatim what the professor says.C. Students do not use technology.D. Students are easily distracted.The correct answer is B.15. What is one argument for using technology in education, according to the passage?A. It is a distraction that hinders academic progress.B. It helps students process information better.C. It decreases exam scores.D. It is not an essential tool for learning.The correct answer is B.Passage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.The Mediterranean diet has long been hailed as one of the healthiest diets in the world. It is characterized by high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and olive oil, as well as moderate consumption of fish and poultry. A recent study found that people who follow the Mediterranean diet have a lower risk of heart disease and cancer.16. What is the Mediterranean diet characterized by, according to the passage?A. High consumption of red meatB. Low consumption of fruits and vegetablesC. High consumption of fish and olive oilD. Moderate consumption of fish and poultryThe correct answer is D.17. What did a recent study find about people who follow the Mediterranean diet?A. They have a higher risk of heart disease and cancer.B. They have a lower risk of heart disease and cancer.C. They have a higher risk of obesity.D. They have a lower risk of diabetes.The correct answer is B.18. Why is the Mediterranean diet considered one of the healthiest diets in the world?A. Because it is high in red meat.B. Because it is low in fruits and vegetables.C. Because it is high in saturated fats.D. Because it includes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and olive oil.The correct answer is D.19. What does the passage say about the consumption of fish and poultry in the Mediterranean diet?A. It is high.B. It is low.C. It is moderate.D. It is non-existent.The correct answer is C.20. What is one benefit of following the Mediterranean diet, according to the passage?A. A higher risk of heart disease and cancerB. A lower risk of heart disease and cancerC. A higher risk of obesityD. A lower risk of diabetesThe correct answer is B.Part II Vocabulary (20%) (20 Points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.In 2009, Catherine and Eric adopted two children from Ethiopia, housing them in a small home _21_ the outskirts of Addis Ababa. They lived in _22_ with no running water, and _23_ as little as a dollar a day. But they were determined to provide a better _24_ for their children, so they began to search for ways to _25_ more children and schools _26_ Ethiopia. They began by writing a heartwarming story about their experiences and _27_ it to various publishers. After numerous rejections, one publisherfinally agreed to _28_ their story. The book became an instant hit, encouraging others to _29_ Catherine and Eric in their mission to help Ethiopian children. Through their story became known across the world, they _30_ to remain humble and true to their values.21. A. inB. onC. atD. toThe correct answer is B.22. A. povertyB. luxuryC. simplicityD. wealthThe correct answer is A.23. A. earnedB. spentC. savedThe correct answer is B.24. A. environmentB. lifeC. futureD. momentThe correct answer is C.25. A. adoptB. educateC. avoidD. ignoreThe correct answer is A.26. A. inB. onC. ofD. forThe correct answer is C.B. submitC. mailD. deliverThe correct answer is B.28. A. refuseB. publishC. declineD. acceptThe correct answer is B.29. A. supportB. questionC. challengeD. confuseThe correct answer is D.30. A. learnB. meanC. decideD. tryThe correct answer is C.Part III Cloze Test (10%)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.In the age of the internet, social media is a key _31_ of communication. It allows people to connect, share information, and stay _32_ with friends and family. However, the rise of social media has also led to concerns about privacy and data security. Many companies _33_ user data to target ads and track user behavior. This has raised _34_ about the ethics of using personal information for commercial gain. Despite these concerns, social media remains a powerful _35_ for individuals and businesses to reach a wide audience.31. A. formB. meansC. methodD. wayThe correct answer is B.32. A. evolvedB. engagedC. entertainedD. informedThe correct answer is D.33. A. sellB. analyzeC. shareD. stealThe correct answer is B.34. A. questionsB. doubtsC. queriesD. issuesThe correct answer is A.35. A. toolB. weaponC. resourceD. deviceThe correct answer is A.Part IV Translation (30%)Direction: Translate the following passage from Chinese into English.在当今世界,科技的发展日新月异。
2015年博士生入学考试外语真题

2015年博士生入学考试外语真题中国社会科学院研究生院2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷英语2015年3月14 日8:30 – 11:30PART I: Vocabulary and GrammarSection A (10 points)Directions: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.1. Even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is ______________ and horizontally spread out.a. prudentb. reversiblec. diffused. mandatory2. In describing the Indians of the various sections of the United States at different stages in their history, some of the factors which account for their similarity amid difference can be readily accounted for, others are difficult to _______________.a. refineb. discernc. embedd. cluster3. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by T ony Blair, wasdesigned to give the other members of the club a bigger ______________ and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.a. sayb. transmissionc. decayd. contention4. It can hardly be denied the proliferation of so-called dirty books and films has, to date, reached almost a saturation point. People do not acknowledge the _______________ fact that children are bound to be exposed to ―dirty words‖in a myriad of ways other than through the public airwaves.a.i rrefutableb. concretec. inevitabled. haphazard5. A condition is an essential term of the contract. If a contract is not performed, it may constitute a substantial breach of contract and allow the other party to _______________ the contract, that is, treat the contract as discharged or terminated.a. repudiateb. spurnc. declined. halt6. Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words as well as agreed conventions ______________ these words should be arranged to convey a particular message. a. as the way by which b. by the way in whichc. as to the way in whichd. in the way of which7. Rarely ______________ a technological development _______________ an impact on many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development as greatly as the growth of electronics.a. has… hadb. had…hadc. has…hasd. have…had8. If early humans ______________ as much as they did, they probably ______________ to evolve into different species.a. did not move and intermingle…would continueb. would not move and intermingle…had continuedc. had not moved and intermingled…would have continuedd. were not to move and intermingle…could have continued9. It was ______________ the last time around the track ______________ I really kicked itin--passing the gossiping girlfriends, blocking out the whistles of boys who had already completed their run and now were hanging out on the grassy hill, I ran--pushing hard, breathing shallowly, knowing full well that I was going to have to hear about it from my disapproving friends for the next few days.a. not until…whenb. not until…thatc. until…whend. until…that10.One impediment ______________ the general use of a standard in pronunciation is the fact ______________ pronunciation is learnt naturally and unconsciously, while orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously.a. in…whichb. of …in whichc. on…thatd. to…thatSection B (5 points)Directions: Choose the word that is the closest in meaning with the underlined word.11. It is some 15 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizensbetween India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.a. divisionb. turmoilc. fusiond. consolidation12. Concerning speculation, philosophy looks upon things from the broadest possible perspective;for criticism, it has the twofold role of questioning and judging everything that pertains either to the foundations or to the superstructure of human thinking.a. inebriatesb. forsakesc. relatesd. emaciates13. Meeting is, in fact, a necessary though not necessarily productive psychological side show.Perhaps it is our civilized way to moderating,if not preventing, change.a. promotingb. impedingc. temperingd. arresting14. The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopiapresented by the players and the evil empires portrayed bytheir critics.a. collaborationb. worthc. triumphd. defect15. But Naifeh and Smith reveal a keen intellect, an avid reader and a passionate observer of otherartists’ work who progressed from labored figure studies to inspir ed outbursts of creative energy.Far from an artistic flash in the pan, he pursued his calling with dogged determination against nearly insurmountable odds.a. insuperableb. unsurpassablec. uncountabled. invaluableSection C (5 points)Directions: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.16.One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S. Congress is the power toinvestigate, which is usually delegated to committees—either standing committees, specialA Bcommittees set for a specific purpose, or joint committees consisting of members of bothC Dhouses.17.One of the important corollaries to the investigative power is the power to publicizeinvestigations and their results. Most committee hearings areopen to public and are reportedA Bwidely in the mass media. Congressional investigations thus represent one important toolCavailable to lawmakers to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interest in national issues.D18.It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something which weA Balmost always know. We begin the natural learning of pronunciation long before we start Clearning to read or write, and in our early years we go on unconsciously imitating andDpracticing the pronunciation of those around us for many hours everyday.19. It had happened too often that the farmers sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debtsAwere coming due, only to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions,Bproducer groups, asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become involved, atCleast not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild.D20.Detailed studies of the tribe by the food scientists at the University of London showed thatAgathering is a more productive source of food than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields onB Caverage about 100 edible calories as an hour of gathering produces 240.DPART II: Reading comprehension (30 points)Directions: Choose the best answers based on the information in the passages below. Passage 1Plato’s Republic has been the source of great consternation, especially in literary circles, for itsattack on the poets. Socrates in fact asserts that they should have no place in the ideal state. Eric Havelock suggests that there are several misunderstandings in this regard, and in his Preface to Plato he identifies the issues, explains the historical context.Havelock opens his discussion by suggesting that the very title of the Republic is the source of much confusion. The book is commonly understood to be a treatise on the ideal political entity, but even a casual analysis will show that only one-third of the text is concerned with statecraft. The other two-thirds cover a variety of su bjects, but the thrust of Plato’s argument amounts to an attack on the traditional Greek approach to education.The educational methods still in use in the 4th century BC had their origins in what has been called the Greek Dark Age beginning around 1200 BC when the Mycenaean era collapsed. Very little is known about the whys and wherefores of this collapse, but it wasn’t until around 700 BC that the Phoenicianalphabet began to be adapted and used in the Greek-speaking world. During the intervening centuries, all knowledge concerning Greek history, culture, mores and laws were orally transmitted down through the generations. The most effective device in aid of memorizing vast amounts of information was rhyme. The epic form we see in Homer’s Iliad grew out of the need to preserve the Greek cultural memory. Havelock takes the reader through Book 1 of The Iliad and dissects it in detail to show how this cultural, historical and ethical heritage was conveyed. The Iliad takes on new and significant meaning to the reader of this minute examination.The Iliad and presumably other poetic vehicles were taught to children from an early age. The whole of the Greek-speaking world was immersed in the project of memorizing, and out of the masses arose those individuals with superior memories and theatrical skills who became the next generation of minstrels and teachers. Education was thus comprised of memorization and rote learning, and the people enjoyed constant reminders through public readings and festivals.Plato’s focus in the Republic and elsewhere is on Homer and Hesiod and to some extent the dramatists which at the time were the centerpieces of the educational regime. Their works presented gods and heroes as fundamentally immoral and thus bad examples for youth. The overall result is that the Greek adolescent is continually conditioned to an attitude which at bottom is cynical. It is more important to keep up appearances than to practice the reality. Decorum and decent behavior are not obviously violated, but the inner principle of morality is. Once the Republic is viewed as a critique of the educational regime, Havelock says that the logic of its total organization becomesclear.What Pl ato was railing against was an ―oral state of mind‖ which seems to have persisted even though the alphabet and written documentation had been in use for three centuries. Illiteracy was thus stil l a widespread problem in Plato’s time, and the poetic state of mind was the main obstacle to scientific rationalism and analysis. This is why Plato regarded the poetic or oral state of mind as the arch-enemy. In his teachings he did the opposite. He ask ed his students to ―think about what they were sa ying instead of just saying it.‖The epic had become, in Plato’s view, not ―an act of creation bu t an act of reminder and recall‖ and cont ributed to what Havelock terms ―the Homeric state of mind.‖It was So crates’project (and by extension Plato’s) to reform Greek education to encourage thinking and analysis. Thus all the ranting and railing about the ―poets‖ in Plato’s Republic was limited basically to Homer and Hesiod because of what he viewed as a wholly inadequate approach to education of which these particular poets were an integral part.Unfortunately, Western culture has misconstrued wh at Plato and Socrates meant by ―the poets.‖And because we view poetry as a highly creative and elevated form of expression, our critics have failed to recognize that Plato’s diatribe had a very specific and limited target which had nothing to do with high-minded creativity, of which there is plenty, by the way, in the proscribed poet s. It wasn’t really the poets who were the problem; it was the use of them that was deemed unacceptable.Post-Havelock, we can now read the Republic with the scales lifted from our eyes and see it for what it really was: an indictment of an antiquated educational regime which had no place in a democratic society.Comprehension Questions:21. The mistaken understanding of Plato's Republic consists in the widespread belief that it consistsof _______________.a.literary criticismb. a treatise on the ideal polityc. a critique of rationalismd. an indictment of an obsolete pedagogy22. According to Havelock, Plato’s anger with the poets arose from:I: Their representation of gods and heroes as fundamentally immoral and thus bad examples for youth.II: Their transmission of culture, mores and laws.a. I.b. II.c. Both I and II.d. Neither I nor II.23. Prior to the 4th century BC, recitation was considered the best educational method because______________.a.poetry was seen as a highly creative and elevated form of expressionb.rhyme was the most effective device in aid of memorizing vast amounts of informationc.there was no writing systemd.the people enjoyed constant reminders through public readings and festivals24. In Plato's diatribe the poetic or oral state of mind is the arch-enemy of _______________.a.democratic societyb. the Mycenaean Republicc .the Phoenicians d. literacy25. A common critique of the present-day Chinese educational system resembles the educationalsystem that Plato fulminated against in that it often _______________.a.asks students to think about what they were saying instead of just saying it/doc/8e18884558.htmlprises of memorization and rote learningc.has a very specific and limited targetd.encourages thinking and analysisPassage 2To govern is to choose how the revenue raised from taxes is spent. So far so good, or bad. But some people earn more money than others. Should they pay proportionately more money to the government than those who earn less? And if they do pay more money are they entitled to more services than those who pay less or those who pay nothing at all? And should those who pay nothing at all because they have nothing get anything? These matters are of irritable concern to ourrulers, and of some poignancy to the rest.Although the equality of each citizen before the law is the rock upon which the American Constitution rests, economic equality has never been an American ideal. In fact, it is the one unmentionable subject in our politics, as the senator from South Dakota recently discovered when he came up with a few quasi-egalitarian tax reforms. The furious and enduring terror of Communism in America is not entirely the work of those early cold warriors Truman and Acheson.A dislike of economic equality is something deep-grained in the American Protestant character. After all, given a rich empty continent for vigorous Europeans to exploit (the Indians were simply a disagreeable part of the emptiness, like chiggers), any man of gumption could make himself a good living. With extra hard work, any man could make himself a fortune, proving that he was a better man than the rest. Long before Darwin the American ethos was Darwinian.The vision of the rich empty continent is still a part of the American unconscious in spite of the Great Crowding and its attendant miseries; and this lingering belief in the heaven any man can make for himself through hard work and clean living is a key to the majority’s prevailing and apparently unalterable hatred of the poor, kept out of sight at home, out of mind abroad.Yet there has been, from the beginning, a significant division in our ruling class. The early Thomas Jefferson had a dream: a society of honest yeomen, engaged in agricultural pursuits, without large cities, heavy industry, banks, military pretensions. The early (and the late) Alexander Hamilton wanted industry, banks, cities, and a military force capable of making itself felt in world politics. It is a nice irony that so many of toda y’s laissez-faire conservatives think that they descend from Hamilton, the proponent of a strong federal government, and that so many liberals believe themselves to be the heirs of the early Jefferson, who wanted little more than a police force and a judiciary. Always practical, Jefferson knew that certain men would rise through their own good efforts while, sadly, others would fall. Government would do no more than observe this Darwinian spectacle benignly, and provide no succor.In 1800 the Hamiltonian view was rejected by the people andtheir new President Thomas Jefferson. Four years later, the Hamiltonian view had prevailed and was endorsed by the reelected Jefferson. Between 1800 and 1805 Jefferson had seen to it that an empire in posse had become an empire in esse. The difference between Jefferson I and Jefferson II is reflected in the two inaugural addresses.It is significant that nothing more elevated than greed changed the Dr. Jekyll of Jefferson I into the Mr. Hyde of Jefferson II. Like his less thoughtful countrymen, Jefferson could not resist a deal. Subverting the Constitution he had helped create, Jefferson bought Louisiana from Napoleon, acquiring its citizens without their consents. The author of the Declaration of Independence was quite able to forget the unalienable rights of anyone whose property he thought should be joined to our empire—a word which crops up frequently and unselfconsciously in his correspondence.In the course of land-grabbing, Jefferson II managed to get himself into hot water with France, England, and Spain simultaneously, a fairly astonishing thing to do considering the state of politics in Napoleonic Europe.Comprehension Questions:26. The author believes that Americans ________________.a. still believe America to be largely unpopulatedb. largely believe in lower taxationc. are in favor of taxation without representationd. should reconsider the Louisiana purchase27. From the passage, we may assume that the senator from South Dakota _______________.a. opposed tax reformb. was Thomas Jeffersonc. failed in his attempt to reform tax lawd. was Alexander Hamilton28. Jefferson made it possible for ________________.a. a potential empire to become a real oneb. tax laws to reflect the will of the peoplec. France, England, and Spain to simultaneously vacillate upon their mutual feelings towardsthe United States.d. Darwinian social theories to be accepted without question29. Jefferson’s early political writings espoused what would today b e called _______________.a. collectivismb. libertarianismc. socialismd. liberalism30. The author holds that Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana territories _______________.a. may be seen as a hypocritical actb. rigorously held with his previous views of inalienable rightsc. cannot be seen as an act of empire-expansiond. was an act meant to lower taxes and improve the wealth of the nationPassage 3If, besides the accomplishments of being witty and ill-natured, a man is vicious into the bargain, he is one of the most mischievous creatures that can enter into a civil society. His satire will then chiefly fall upon those who ought to be the most exempt from it. Virtue, merit, and everything that is praiseworthy, will be made the subject of ridicule and buffoonery. It is impossible to enumerate the evils which arise from these arrowsthat fly in the dark; and I know no other excuse that is or can be made for them, than that the wounds they give are only imaginary, and produce nothing more than a secret shame or sorrow in the mind of the suffering person. It must indeed be confessed that a lampoon or a satire do not carry in them robbery or murder; but at the same time, how many are there that would not rather lose a considerable sum of money, or even life itself, than be set up as a mark of infamy and derision? And in this case a man should consider that an injury is not to be measured by the notions of him that gives, but of him that receives it. Those who can put the best countenance upon the outrages of this nature which are offered them, are not without their secret anguish. I have often observed a passage in Socrates’ behavio r at his death in a light wherein none of the critics have considered it. That excellent man entertaining his friends a little before he drank the bowl of poison, with a discourse on the immortality of the soul, at his entering upon it says that he does not believe any the most comic genius can censure him for talking upon such a subject at such at a time. This passage, I think, evidently glances upon Aristophanes, who write a comedy on purpose to ridicule the discourses of that divine philosopher. It has been observed by many writers that Socrates was so little moved at this piece of buffoonery, that he was several times present at its being acted upon the stage, and never expressed the least resentment of it. But, with submission, I think the remark I have here made shows us that this unworthy treatment made an impression uponhis mind, though he had been too wise to discover it. When Julius Caesar was lampooned by Catullus, he invited him to a supper, and treated him with such a generous civility, that hemade the poet his friend ever after. Cardinal Mazarine gave the same kind of treatment to the learned Quillet, who had reflected upon his eminence in a famous Latin poem. The cardinal sent for him, and, after some kind expostulations upon what he had written, assured him of his esteem, and dismissed him with a promise of the next good abbey that should fall, which he accordingly conferred upon him in a few months after. This had so good an effect upon the author, that he dedicated the second edition of his book to the cardinal, after having expunged the passages which had given him offence. Though in the various examples which I have here drawn together, these several great men behaved themselves very differently towards the wits of the age who had reproached them, they all of them plainly showed that they were very sensible of their reproaches, and consequently that they received them as very great injuries. For my own part, I would never trust a man that I thought was capable of giving these secret wounds; and cannot but think that he would hurt the person, whose reputation he thus assaults, in his body or in his fortune, could he do it with the same security. There is indeed something very barbarous and inhuman in the ordinary scribblers of lampoons. I have indeed heard of heedless, inconsiderate writers that, without any malice, have sacrificed the reputation of their friends and acquaintance to a certain levity of temper, and a silly ambition of distinguishing themselves by a spirit of raillery and satire; as if it were not infinitely more honourable to be a good-natured man than a wit. Where there is this little petulant humor in an author, he is often very mischievous without designing to be so.Comprehension Questions:31. According to the author, those who want to trivializesatire tend to suggest that_______________.a. the damage is immaterialb. the effect is mere buffooneryc. wit is a streak of geniusd. the mischief must be taken in a spirit of raillery32. What would be the best strategy for the object of satire to adopt, according to the author?a. To take no heed.b. To placate the author.c. To take offence.d. To suffer the consequences.33. The main purpose of this article is ________________.a. the derision of the perpetrators of satireb. a warning against mischievous scribblersc. creating understanding of the genred. reproaching fellow satirists34. When the author speaks of ―this little petulant humor‖it is evident that he means________________.a. good-natured witb. the choleric temperc. a silly ambitiond. submission35. In view of the opinion of the author, it is unlikely that the author is a ________________.a. man of lettersb. satiristc. witd. a good-natured man Passage 4Alexander the Great’s conquests in the Eastern Mediterranean initiated a series of profound cultural transformations in the ancient centers of urban civilization of the Fertile Crescent. The final destruction of native rule and the imposition of an alien elite culture instigated a cultural discourse—Hellenism—which irrevocably marked all participants, both conquerors and conquered. This discourse was particularly characterized by a transformation of indigenous cultural traditions, necessitated by their need to negotiate their place in a new social order. As Bowerstock has argued, the process of Hellenization did not accomplish the wholesale replacement of indigenous cultural traditions with Greek civilization. Instead, it provided a new cultural vocabulary through which much pre-existing cultural tradition was often able to find new expression. This phenomenon is especially intriguing as it relates to language and literacy. The ancient civilizations of the Syro-Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultural spheres were, of course, literate, possessing indigenous literary traditions already of great antiquity at the time of the Macedonian conquests. The disenfranchisement of traditional elites by the imposition of Greek rule had the related effect of displacing many of the traditional social structures where in indigenous literacy functioned and was taught—in particular, the institutions of the palace and the temple. A new language of power, Greek, replaced the traditional language of these institutions. This had the unavoidable effect of displacing the traditional writing systems associated with these indigenous languages. Traditional literacy’s longstanding association with the centers of social and political authority began to be eroded.Naturally, the eclipse of traditional, indigenous literacy did not occur overnight. The decline of Cuneiform and Hieroglyphicliteracies was a lengthy process. Nor was the nature of their respective declines identical. Akkadian, the ancient language of Mesopotamian court and temple culture, vanished forever, along with cuneiform writing, in the first century CE. Egyptian lived on beyond the disappearance of hieroglyphic in the fourth century CE in the guise of Coptic, to succumb as a living, spoken language of daily social intercourse only after the Islamic conquest of Egypt. Even then, Coptic survives to this day as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church. This latter point draws attention to an aspect of the decline of these indigenous literacies worthy of note: it is in the sphere of religion that these literacies are often preserved longest, after they have been superseded in palace circles—the last dated cuneiform text we have is an astrological text; the last dated hieroglyphic text a votive graffito. This should cause little surprise. The sphere of religion is generally one of the most conservative of cultural subsystems. The local need to negotiate the necessities of daily life and individual and collective identity embodied in traditional religious structures is slow to change and exists in ongoing dialogue with the more readily changeable royal and/or state ideologies that bind various locales together in an institutional framework.The process of ―Hellenization‖ of the an cient cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean provides us, then, with an opportunity to observe the on-going effect on traditional, indigenous literacy of the imposition of a new status language possessed of its own distinct writing system. The cultural politics of written and spoken language-use in such contexts has been much discussed and it is clear that the processes leading to the adoption of a new language—in written form, or spoken form, or both—in some cultural spheres and the retention of traditional languages inothers are complex. Factors including the imposition of a new language from above, adoption of a new language of social prestige from below, as well as preservation of older idioms of traditional statusin core cultural institutions, must have affected different sectors of a conquered society in different fashions and at different rates.Comprehension Questions:36. The languages that have to some extent managed to survive Hellenization did so in what area?a. In palace circles.b. In governmental institutions.c. In the religious sphere.d. In philological circles.37. Which aspect of society, according to the passage, is one of the most resistant to change?a. Monarchical institutions.b. Religious institutions.c. Linguistic norms.d. State ideologies.38. In the first paragraph, you saw the underlined word disenfranchisement. Choose, among thefollowing expressions, the closest in similar meaning.a. the removal of power, right and/or privilegeb. a strong sense of disappointmentc. the prohibition of the right to conduct businessd. the loss of social position39. Who was the leader of the Macedonian Conquest?a. King Philip of Macedon.b. Pericles of Athens.。
2015辽宁大连市高考英语语法填空及阅读类联合训练(4)

2015辽宁大连市高考英语语法填空与阅读类联合训练〔4〕语法填空。
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【辽宁卷题型】W:__1__a nice, quiet place away from all those people! Now tell me what's bothering you.M: Great. I need to get this off my chest. I'm having problems __2__(live) with Mike, my roommate. We seldom talk to each other. And when we do, it's to fight.W: I knew you two were having problems but I didn't know that things were so bad. What started it all?M: Well, it started when we first moved in. I had a lot of things, and Mike wasn't pleased when he saw that.W: So__3__did you find room for all your things?M: I put them in the cupboard in the living room. This made him really unhappy because he wanted to put his suitcase there.W: Was that the only problem?M: Oh, no. I like a neat, orderly house, __4__Mike is so careless. His part of the house is always__5__. You know we__6__the living space, such as the kitchen, living room, bath, etc...W: Have you tried to talk with him about this?M: I've tried, but he then starts__7__(shout) at me about how my friends are always coming over when he has a lot of work __8__(do).W: You might talk with him again__9__a friendly way. Just say that you will not bring your friends over unless you get his permission first. But he will have to promise__10__(keep) the house tidy.M: That just might work. Thanks for the advice.1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______答案:1.What 2.living 3.where 4.but 5.dirty/in a mess6.share7.shouting/to shout8.to do9.in 10.to keep完形填空Mr. Green was ill and went to the hospital. A doctor __1__ and said, “Well, Mr. Green, you are going to __2__ some injections, and you’ll feel much better. A nurse will come __3__ give you the first one this evening, and then you’l l __4__ get another one tomorrow evening.〞 __5__ a young nurse came to Mr. Green’s bed and said to him, “I am going to give you your __6__ injection now, Mr. Green. Where do you want it?〞The old man was __7__. He looked at the nurse for a __8__, then he s aid, “__9__ has ever let me choose that before. Are you really going to let me choose now?〞“Yes, Mr. Green,〞the nurse answered. She was in a hurry. “Where do you want it?〞“Well, then,〞 the old man answered __10__ “I want it in your left arm, please.〞名师点评这是一篇笑话,格林先生在医院看病时需要打点滴,当护士让他选择身体的一个部位时,他却借题发挥,选了护士的左臂。
英语试题练习题教案学案课件大连理工大学非英语专业博士生入学

大连理工大学非英语专业博士生入学英语考试规定(1101)笔试部分(100)笔试共有四部分:词汇与结构(15%)、阅读理解(40%)、翻译(30%)、写作(15%)。
考试时间为180分钟。
1.词汇与结构:主要测试考生在上下文中掌握和应用词汇、短语和语法知识的能力。
共30题。
占15%。
2.阅读理解:阅读理解部分共30题。
要求考生在阅读若干篇文章后,根据其内容按题目要求从每题所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
此部分阅读总量(不包括题目及选择项)为2000词左右。
测试重点为概括宗旨、推导结论、判断观点态度、推测上下文等。
3.翻译:翻译部分考试形式为A.英译汉(15%)和B.汉译英(15%)两部分。
A.英译汉部分主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性。
要求考生把一篇450—500英文词的文章译成汉语。
要求译文忠实原文,汉语基本通顺。
B.汉译英部分主要测试考生分析理解母语、基本掌握西方思维方式和汉英两种语言的异同、有效地进行遣词、造句、谋篇的能力。
要求考生把一篇350—500汉字的文章译成英语。
要求译文基本准确。
4.写作:要求根据具体要求(如命题作文、英汉语简要提纲、图表资料等),写出180--200字的议论文、说明文或书信等。
所写文章必须扣题、结构清晰、文理通顺、无重大语法和拼写错误。
考试各个部分的题目数、计分和考试时间列表序号题号各部分名称题目数计分考试时间1 1—30 词汇与结构30题15分30分钟2 31—60 阅读理解30题40分50分钟3 61 翻译英译汉1题30分60分钟汉译英1题4 62 写作1题15分40分钟合计100分大连理工大学博士生入学日语考试规定(1102)日语考试包括基础日语和科技日语两部分。
基础日语和科技日语的卷面满分都为100分,原则上要求两部分都应达到及格线。
两部分所占总分数的比例分别为80%和20%。
一、考试时间:笔试180分钟(其中包括科技日语部分)。
二、各考试项目的形式及分数:三、笔试各项具体要求:1.文字·词汇:选择句子里划线的汉字的正确读音,以及选择划线的假名的正确汉字。
【英语】大连理工大学附属中学英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

【英语】大连理工大学附属中学英语阅读理解专项练习试卷一、中考英语阅读理解1.阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
"Today I will give you a special test," said the English teacher with a smile on his face.All the students sat up straight and waited for the test to begin. The teacher began to give the test papers to all the students. After he finished handing out the test papers, he asked them to begin.The students were very surprised to see that there was not a question but a black dot (圆点) in the center of the paper. The teacher noticed the students' surprise and said, "I want you to write about what you see there." At the end of the class, the teacher took all the students' answer sheets and read the answers. All of them described the black dot. After reading all the answers, the teacher said, "Here everyone only paid attention to the black dot, but no one wrote about the white paper." The whole class listened silently, because they were afraid to fail in the exam. Then the teacher said, "Don't worry about your marks for this test. I just want you to think about our life. The white paper is like our whole life and the black dot in the center of the paper represents (代表) problems in our daily life".Our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care. However, we just pay attention to the problems like illness and poverty, and never see happy things in our life. So we should try to solve our problems and enjoy each moment life gives us.(1)What was in the center of the paper?A. a white dotB. a black dotC. a questionD. a gift(2)Which of the following is wrong about the test?A. There was a black dot in the center of the papers.B. Nobody paid attention to the black dot.C. Students should not just care about their marks.D. The students were very surprised when they saw the papers.(3)What did the teacher mainly want to tell his students?A. Our life is a gift given to us by God.B. The black dot doesn't mean any problem in our life.C. Don't worry about the marks for the test.D. We should solve our problems and enjoy each moment in life.(4)What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined word "poverty" in the last paragraph?A. 污染B. 富有C. 贫穷D. 保险(5)Which is the right order of the story?①The teacher read all the answers.②The teacher asked his students not to worry about their marks.③The teacher wanted his students to thin k about life.④The teacher began to hand out the test papers.A. ④①②③B. ①②③④C. ④①③②D.③②①④2.阅读短文,从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
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2015大连理工大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants.In his reinterpretation,migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America.His approach rests on four separate propositions.The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside;migrating to the New World was simply a “natural spillover”.Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English—they would rather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity.Secondly,Bailyn holds that,contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks,there was never a typical New World community.For example,the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants:one group came as indentured servants,another came to acquire land.Surprisingly,Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration.These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America.At first,thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited;by the1730’s,however,American employers demanded skilled artisans.Finally,Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system.He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire.But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery,as Bailyn does,devalues the achievements ofcolonial culture.It is true,as Bailyn claims,that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England.But what of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws,built a distinguished university,and published books?Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However,the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution,he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States.Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection.These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers.It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land.Thus,it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began,among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l iu jiu qi ba QQ:si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu)1.Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the text?[A]A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.[B]Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.[C]Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century.[D]By the1730’s,migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demandby American employers than were unskilled laborers.2.The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to[A]give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and England.[B]describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.[C]take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land.[D]relate the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United States.3.Which of the following best summarizes the author’s evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition?[A]It is totally implausible.[B]It is partially acceptable.[C]It is highly admirable.[D]It is controversial though persuasive.4.According to the text,Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?[A]High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England.[B]The cultural achievements of colonial New England have generally been unrecognized by historians.[C]The colonists imitated the high culture of England,and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.[D]The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England.5.The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of thefollowing statements about Bailyn’s work?[A]Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture.[B]Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain.[C]Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.[D]Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America.[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。