英美概况——英国历史

James I (1603--1625) the “Gunpowder Plot”—a plot to blow up the King and Parliament
The Seventeenth Century
Charles
I (1625--1649) Believed that he had a “Divine Right” to govern The great Civil War (1642--1649)--wars between “Roundheads” and “Cavaliers” was condemned to death
After-class tasks
Qs: Why was the sixteenth century so important to English history and European history? What were the characteristics of the Victorian age?
Oliver
Cromwell(1649--1658) Lord Protector Built a republic country (11ys) William III and Mary II (1688--1702) the Glorious Revolution(1688) the Bill of Rights was passed


Henry VIII (1509--1547) His request to devorce his Queen was refused by the Roman Pope Established the Church of England, also Anglican Church. Declared that he and not the Pope was the head of the Church in England
The Middle Ages 476----1453AD
King
Arthur(6th century) King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table
Alfred
the Great(871--899) A fine Saxon king who successfully defeated the invading Danes.

The Catholic Church & the Protestant Church

Mary I (1553--1558) a devout Catholic. “Bloody Mary”

Elizabeth I (1558--1603)---An age of Glory Protestantism gradually bacame the dominant faith An age of real literary achievement: Shakespeare Adventure on the Sea ,defeated Spanish “ Armada” by Sir Francis Drake
The Twentieth Century
The First World War(1914—Nov. 11,1918)
The independence of Ireland(1922) The great “slump” of the early 1930’s
The
Second World War(Sept.1939--1945) 1) Western Europe was weakened; 2) The United States and the Soviet Union bacame stronger; Winston Churchill(1940--1945)
Suggested answers
2.
The Protestant Church—It refers to the Christian Church whose faith and practice originated from the principles of the Reformation. As the Pope’s political power and religious authority declined in the 16th century, Protestant churches sprang up in Northern Europe in opppsition to the established Roman Catholic Church. In Britain, Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in the Elizabethan Age.
period: May 24,1819----Janu. 22, 1901 Major events in this Golden Age: 1837 the Queen of England and Ireland; 1839 married; 1857 the control of the Suez; 1876 the Queen of India; the British Empire.
The Eighteenth Century

War with France
the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) the battle of Waterloo (1815)

Industrial



Revolution(1750--1850) the invention of the steam engine human power----machine power domestic system----factory system industrial towns and cities a new social class----workering class
Suggested answers
3.
The Elizabethan Age It refers to the period during the reign of Elizabeth I in British history. It was an age of real literary achievement, especially that of Shakespeare, and it was an age of adventure on the sea.
Suggested answers
4.
Charles Darwin The famous British scientist who wrote the important book The Origin of Species . His theory of evolution caused violent reaction of the Victorians against the book, and furious debates were held in private and in public. Darwin’s theory contributed to the decay of Victorianism
The Nineteenth Century
Changes
in this age: Reform Bill (1832) Trade Unions



Great progress in the field of communications
Queen Victoria
Reigning
Suggested answers

EXIII On Text B, D, A,C,D. Noun Explanations 1. The Magna Carta—The Magna Carta(or Great Charter) was a document signed in 1215 by King John under compulsion by the powerful barons.The purpose of the Charter was to make King John to recognize the rights of the barons. The Magna Carta is now kept in the British Museum, London.
English History
An outlined study
Highlights
1. Cultural Noun Explanations: The Magna Carta The Protestant Church The Elizabethan Age Charles Darwin
William
I (1066--1087)
Known as William the Conqueror
Richard
I (1189--1199) A Norman king, known as Richard LionHeart Most famous Crusaders Tried to snatch the “ Holy land”


The Sixteenth Century
C百度文库aracteristics
the transition of the modern period the age of great voyages of discovery the beginning of freedom of thought in the Christian religion

King John(1199--1216) The Magna Carta(Great Charter) in 1215,the basis of British Constitution(p26)
Joan of Arc The Hundred Years’ War(1337--1453) Relations between England & France was completedly cut off
Characteristics of Victorian age


National development&optimism Social stability Strictly disciplined Family virtues The origin of Species by Charles Darwin