选修六第三单元知识点
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Language Points Reading
1．abuse n．& vt.滥用；虐待
Байду номын сангаас
典例:1) The book is about the abuse of power.
这本书讲述的是权力的滥用问题。
2)他从不滥用特权。
He never abuses his privilege.
拓展: drug abuse 滥用毒品
as a result of
介词短语“因为”
as a result
副词短语“因此”
知识拓展
do sth. (1)be due tofor sth.
预定/计(做)某事
(be) due to sB．应支付/给予/归于某人
(2)due adj．预期的；应付的，欠款的；到期的
①Their train is due to arrive in 30 minutes.
运用: 完成句子
①I gave him money in order to _b__e_q_u__it__o_f_h_i_m
( 摆脱他)．
②I wish you'd better _q_u__it__ta__lk_i_n_g_(停止说话)．
Doctors are doing research to find out what
become/get/be addicted to sth./doing sth. 表示 “对某事/做某事上瘾”, 该短语中的to是介词, 后接名词或动名词形式。如： 孩子们对计算机游戏上了瘾。 The children are addicted to computer games.
addict vt. (1)使沉溺; 嗜好 (2)使……成瘾, 热衷于 addict oneself to 沉溺于, 醉心于 be addicted to sth./doing sth.嗜好, 热衷 He became addicted to the drug. 他染上了毒瘾。 addict n. (1)上了瘾的人 a work addict 工作狂 film addict电影迷
主句为I didn’t know。两个宾语从句分别为
it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs和it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant, “or”连接这两个 宾语从句, 意为“也不(知道)”。I don’t know ...or... 这个句型译为“我不知道……, 也不知 道……”。如:
happens physically when people ___A___ smoking.
A. quit B. decline C. depart D. reserve 解析: 根据句意“医生们正在研究以便发现当人们 戒烟时, 他们身体上将会发生什么情况”选A。 decline下降; depart 起程; reserve预订。
He has quit smoking. 这笔钱是用来帮助吸烟者戒烟的。
The money is used to help smokers quit. 拓展 quit school 退学
quit office 离职 quit doing sth.(＝stop doing sth.) 停止做某事 be quit of sb./sth.摆脱某人或某物
child abuse abuse of power
虐待儿童 滥用权力
abuse one's power 滥用某人的权力
2.Why do you think some adolescents start smoking?
adolescent / Teenager 13到19岁的人 baby / infant 婴儿 child (British) / kids (American) 年幼的孩子 toddler 会走路的小孩 youth 男性青年
10．When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking. 在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道 的并不多。
effect n．结果；效力
典例: 这种药的药力可持续十二个小时。 The effect of this medicine can last twelve hours.
6. This means that after a while you becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. 这就是说, 过了一段时间以后, 你的身体 习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。
accustom vt. 使习惯于 be /get / become accustomed to 习惯于; 适应于 accustom +n./oneself +to 使自己习惯/适应于 其中to 为介词
The boy has _b_e_c_o_m__e_a_c_c_u_s_to_m__e_d_t_o__sp_e_a_k_i_n_g_ English in public. 那孩子已经习惯于在公众面前说英语了。
My eyes soon _g_r_e_w__a_c_c_u_s_to_m__e_d_t_o__th_e__d_a_r_k_n_e_s_s__. 我的眼睛很快适应了黑暗。
拓展: in effect 事实上 take effect 生效，奏效 come/go into effect 开始实施 bring/put/carry...into effect 使实施，使生效 have a good/bad effect on sth. 对某物有好的(或坏的)影响
运用 完成句子
My adolescent life 我的青少年时期 adolescence 青春期 The period of adolescence is very important in forming one’s character. 青春期对人的性格形成是非常重要的。
3．Do you think smoking should be banned? 你认为应该禁止吸烟吗？
due to 因为; 由……引起; 由于 如: 她的缺席是由暴风雨引起的。
Her absence was due to the storm.
知识拓展: 表示因果关系的单词和短语
because of
介词短语“因为”, 较口语化
owing to
介词短语“因为”, 较正式
thanks to
介词短语“因为”, “多亏了”
A. climbing
B. climb
C. having climbed D. have climbed
[点拨] to为介词, 后跟动词-ing形式,
不能跟现在分词的完成式, 故选A。
7．So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. 所以当你的体内没有这种麻醉剂时，你就会出现脱 瘾症状。
知识拓展
ban...from doing
禁止……做……
lift/remove the ban on 解禁……
place/put...under a ban 禁止……
under a ban
被禁止；被逐出门
4. I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
ban (1)vt.禁止；取缔 政府已经禁止化学武器的使用。
The government has banned the use of chemical weapons. (2)n.禁令；谴责(常与 on/against 连用) The police lifted the ban against parking in the street. 警察取消了不准在这条街停车的禁令。
withdrawal n．收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
I got withdrawal symptoms after giving up smoking. 我戒烟之后出现了脱瘾症状。
The company made the withdrawal of the product
from the market. 公司从市场上收回了这种产品。
①The drug _h__a_s_a_n_i_m__m_e_d_i_a_t_e_e_f_fe_c_t_on (立马见效) the pain. ②The new tax regulations _c_a_m__e/_w_e_n_t__in_t_o_e_f_f_ect ( 开 始 实 施 )last month. ③He told us he didn't like watching football match;___I_n_e_f_fe_c_t_/f_a_c_t___ (事实上), he is a football fan.
11. I didn’t know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. 当初我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和 肺部, 也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。 解析: 该句是一个包含两个宾语从句的主从 复合句。
拓展: ban sb.from (doing) sth. 禁止某人做某事
运用 用合适的介词填空 ①He was banned __f_r_o_m___ driving for three
months after the accident ②The government announced the ban o_n_/_a_g_a_i_n_stdrink-driving (醉驾)．
他们的火车预定在30分钟后到达。
②Have they been paid the money that is due to them?
他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？
③The electricity bill is due today.
今天该交电费了。
5. I became addicted to cigarettes.
(2) 吸毒者 addiction n. 沉湎、成瘾 addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
The parents felt helpless when they found their son had __D__ love stories for long. A. addicted B. addicted to C. addicted himself D. been addicted to
They had to _a_c_c_u_s_t_o_m__th_e_m__s_e_lv_e_s_t_o__th_e__h_o_t_w_e_a_t_h_e_r__. 他们不得不使自己习惯于炎热的天气。
[考例] Accustomed to __A____ the steep
mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top. (上海2005春)
I don’t know where to go or what to do. 我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。
12．strengthen vt．加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变
强
这些训练目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。
The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles.
His sudden withdrawal from the election surprised
everyone. 他突然退出选举的行为使每个人都感到惊讶。
8．I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very
difficult to quit. 我之所以上瘾是有着这三方面的原因的，所以要 戒烟很难。 quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开 vi.停止；离开；辞职 典例: 他已经戒烟了。
1．abuse n．& vt.滥用；虐待
Байду номын сангаас
典例:1) The book is about the abuse of power.
这本书讲述的是权力的滥用问题。
2)他从不滥用特权。
He never abuses his privilege.
拓展: drug abuse 滥用毒品
as a result of
介词短语“因为”
as a result
副词短语“因此”
知识拓展
do sth. (1)be due tofor sth.
预定/计(做)某事
(be) due to sB．应支付/给予/归于某人
(2)due adj．预期的；应付的，欠款的；到期的
①Their train is due to arrive in 30 minutes.
运用: 完成句子
①I gave him money in order to _b__e_q_u__it__o_f_h_i_m
( 摆脱他)．
②I wish you'd better _q_u__it__ta__lk_i_n_g_(停止说话)．
Doctors are doing research to find out what
become/get/be addicted to sth./doing sth. 表示 “对某事/做某事上瘾”, 该短语中的to是介词, 后接名词或动名词形式。如： 孩子们对计算机游戏上了瘾。 The children are addicted to computer games.
addict vt. (1)使沉溺; 嗜好 (2)使……成瘾, 热衷于 addict oneself to 沉溺于, 醉心于 be addicted to sth./doing sth.嗜好, 热衷 He became addicted to the drug. 他染上了毒瘾。 addict n. (1)上了瘾的人 a work addict 工作狂 film addict电影迷
主句为I didn’t know。两个宾语从句分别为
it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs和it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant, “or”连接这两个 宾语从句, 意为“也不(知道)”。I don’t know ...or... 这个句型译为“我不知道……, 也不知 道……”。如:
happens physically when people ___A___ smoking.
A. quit B. decline C. depart D. reserve 解析: 根据句意“医生们正在研究以便发现当人们 戒烟时, 他们身体上将会发生什么情况”选A。 decline下降; depart 起程; reserve预订。
He has quit smoking. 这笔钱是用来帮助吸烟者戒烟的。
The money is used to help smokers quit. 拓展 quit school 退学
quit office 离职 quit doing sth.(＝stop doing sth.) 停止做某事 be quit of sb./sth.摆脱某人或某物
child abuse abuse of power
虐待儿童 滥用权力
abuse one's power 滥用某人的权力
2.Why do you think some adolescents start smoking?
adolescent / Teenager 13到19岁的人 baby / infant 婴儿 child (British) / kids (American) 年幼的孩子 toddler 会走路的小孩 youth 男性青年
10．When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking. 在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道 的并不多。
effect n．结果；效力
典例: 这种药的药力可持续十二个小时。 The effect of this medicine can last twelve hours.
6. This means that after a while you becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. 这就是说, 过了一段时间以后, 你的身体 习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。
accustom vt. 使习惯于 be /get / become accustomed to 习惯于; 适应于 accustom +n./oneself +to 使自己习惯/适应于 其中to 为介词
The boy has _b_e_c_o_m__e_a_c_c_u_s_to_m__e_d_t_o__sp_e_a_k_i_n_g_ English in public. 那孩子已经习惯于在公众面前说英语了。
My eyes soon _g_r_e_w__a_c_c_u_s_to_m__e_d_t_o__th_e__d_a_r_k_n_e_s_s__. 我的眼睛很快适应了黑暗。
拓展: in effect 事实上 take effect 生效，奏效 come/go into effect 开始实施 bring/put/carry...into effect 使实施，使生效 have a good/bad effect on sth. 对某物有好的(或坏的)影响
运用 完成句子
My adolescent life 我的青少年时期 adolescence 青春期 The period of adolescence is very important in forming one’s character. 青春期对人的性格形成是非常重要的。
3．Do you think smoking should be banned? 你认为应该禁止吸烟吗？
due to 因为; 由……引起; 由于 如: 她的缺席是由暴风雨引起的。
Her absence was due to the storm.
知识拓展: 表示因果关系的单词和短语
because of
介词短语“因为”, 较口语化
owing to
介词短语“因为”, 较正式
thanks to
介词短语“因为”, “多亏了”
A. climbing
B. climb
C. having climbed D. have climbed
[点拨] to为介词, 后跟动词-ing形式,
不能跟现在分词的完成式, 故选A。
7．So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. 所以当你的体内没有这种麻醉剂时，你就会出现脱 瘾症状。
知识拓展
ban...from doing
禁止……做……
lift/remove the ban on 解禁……
place/put...under a ban 禁止……
under a ban
被禁止；被逐出门
4. I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
ban (1)vt.禁止；取缔 政府已经禁止化学武器的使用。
The government has banned the use of chemical weapons. (2)n.禁令；谴责(常与 on/against 连用) The police lifted the ban against parking in the street. 警察取消了不准在这条街停车的禁令。
withdrawal n．收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
I got withdrawal symptoms after giving up smoking. 我戒烟之后出现了脱瘾症状。
The company made the withdrawal of the product
from the market. 公司从市场上收回了这种产品。
①The drug _h__a_s_a_n_i_m__m_e_d_i_a_t_e_e_f_fe_c_t_on (立马见效) the pain. ②The new tax regulations _c_a_m__e/_w_e_n_t__in_t_o_e_f_f_ect ( 开 始 实 施 )last month. ③He told us he didn't like watching football match;___I_n_e_f_fe_c_t_/f_a_c_t___ (事实上), he is a football fan.
11. I didn’t know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. 当初我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和 肺部, 也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。 解析: 该句是一个包含两个宾语从句的主从 复合句。
拓展: ban sb.from (doing) sth. 禁止某人做某事
运用 用合适的介词填空 ①He was banned __f_r_o_m___ driving for three
months after the accident ②The government announced the ban o_n_/_a_g_a_i_n_stdrink-driving (醉驾)．
他们的火车预定在30分钟后到达。
②Have they been paid the money that is due to them?
他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？
③The electricity bill is due today.
今天该交电费了。
5. I became addicted to cigarettes.
(2) 吸毒者 addiction n. 沉湎、成瘾 addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
The parents felt helpless when they found their son had __D__ love stories for long. A. addicted B. addicted to C. addicted himself D. been addicted to
They had to _a_c_c_u_s_t_o_m__th_e_m__s_e_lv_e_s_t_o__th_e__h_o_t_w_e_a_t_h_e_r__. 他们不得不使自己习惯于炎热的天气。
[考例] Accustomed to __A____ the steep
mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top. (上海2005春)
I don’t know where to go or what to do. 我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。
12．strengthen vt．加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变
强
这些训练目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。
The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles.
His sudden withdrawal from the election surprised
everyone. 他突然退出选举的行为使每个人都感到惊讶。
8．I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very
difficult to quit. 我之所以上瘾是有着这三方面的原因的，所以要 戒烟很难。 quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开 vi.停止；离开；辞职 典例: 他已经戒烟了。