Pendulums(单摆、复摆及应用英文版)
常用物理英语单词
常用物理英语单词absolute acceleration 绝对加速度absolute motion 绝对运动absolute velocity 绝对速度accelerated motion 加速运动acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration 加速度accelerometer 加速度计acting force 作用力active force 主动力angle of friction 摩擦角angle of nutation 章动角angle of precession 进动角angle of rotation 自转角angular acceleration 角加速度angular displacement 角位移angular motion 角[向]运动angular velocity vector 角速度矢[量]angular velocity 角速度areal velocity 掠面速度又称“扇形速度（sector velocity）”arm of couple 力偶臂attraction force 吸引力Atwood machine 阿特伍德机average velocity，mean velocity 平均速度axial acceleration 轴向加速度axial vector 轴矢[量]ballistic curve 弹道ballistic pendulum 弹道摆ballistics 弹道学base point 基点bearing 轴承binormal acceleration 副法向加速度bounce 反弹center of force 力心center of gravity 重心center of mass 质心center of moment 矩心center of parallel force system 平行力系中心center of percussion 撞击中心center of reduction 简化中心又称“约化中心”。
物理专业英语词汇（S）_数学物理英语词汇
s branch s 分支s d exchange interaction s d 交换相互酌s d mixing s d 混合s d problem s d 问题s matrix s 矩阵s orbital s 轨函数s process s 过程s quark s 夸克s wave s 波s/n ratio 信噪比saccharimeter 糖量计saccharometer 砂糖检糖计sachs moment 萨克斯矩saddle point method 最陡下降法safety facfor 安全因子safety factor 定全系数sagitta 天箭座sagittal beam 弧矢光束sagittarius 人马座sagnac effect 萨尼亚克效应saha ionization theory 萨哈电离论saha's equation 萨哈公式saha's formula 萨哈公式sakata model 坂田模型salt 盐sample 样品sampling 抽样sampling oscilloscope 取样示波器sampling theorem 抽样定理saros 萨罗斯周期satellite 卫星satellite line 光谱线的伴线satellite observation 人造卫星观测satellite reflection 卫星反射saturable absorber 选择性饱和滤光器非线性滤光器saturable dye 饱和染料saturable reactor 饱和电抗器saturated steam 饱和水蒸汽saturated vapor 饱和水蒸汽saturated vapor pressure 饱和蒸汽压saturated vapor pressure curve 饱和蒸气压曲线saturation 饱和saturation current 饱和电流saturation curve 饱和曲线saturation magnetization 饱和磁化saturation point 饱和点saturation pressure 饱和压力saturation state 饱和态saturation temperature 饱和温度saturation value 饱和值saturation vapor pressure 饱和蒸气压saturation voltage 饱和电压saturn 土星sausage instability 腊肠形不稳定性savart plate 萨瓦尔板savart's polarizing plate 萨瓦尔偏振光镜sawtooth generator 锯齿形波发生器saxon woods potential 萨克逊伍兹势scalar coupling 标量耦合scalar curvature 标量曲率scalar field 标量场scalar particles 标量粒子scalar potential 标量势scalar quantity 标量scale 度标scale factor 标度因子scale height 标高scale invariance 扩张不变性scale of two circuit 二进位定标电路scaling circuit 定标电路scaling invariance 标度无关性scaling law 标度律scaling theory 标度理论scan 扫描scandium 钪scanning 扫描scanning auger microanalysis 扫描俄歇微区分析scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜scanning laser acoustic microscope 扫描激光声显微镜scanning total reflection 扫描全反射scanning transmission electron microscope 扫描透射电子显微镜scanning tunneling microscope 扫描隧道电子显微镜scattered light 漫射光scattered radiation 散射辐射scattered wave 散射波scattered x rays 散射 x 射线scattering 散射scattering amplitude 散射辐度scattering angle 散射角scattering center 散射中心scattering chamber 散射室scattering coefficient 散射系数scattering cross section 散射截面scattering factor 散射因子scattering formula 散射公式scattering length 散射长度scattering matrix 散射矩阵scattering medium 散射介质scattering operator 散射算符scenograph 透视仪schaefer bergmann's diffraction pattern 夏费贝尔格曼衍射图样schering bridge 沃电桥schlieren chamber 超快扫描照相机schlieren method 纹影照相法schlieren pattern 纹影图样schmid factor 施密得因数schmidt camera 施密特望远镜schmidt lines 施密特线schmidt number 施密特数schmidt rule 施密特定则schmidt telescope 施密特望远镜schmidt value 施密特值schmitt trigger 施密特触发器schoenflies' symbol 熊夫利符号schottky barrier 肖脱基势垒schottky barrier gate field effect transistor 肖脱基势结型场效应晶体管schottky defect 肖脱基缺陷schottky diode 肖脱基二极管schottky disorder 肖脱基缺陷schottky effect 散粒效应schottky transistor 肖脱基晶体管schrot effect 散粒效应schultz method 舒尔茨法schulz gage 舒尔茨真空计schumann region 舒曼区schumann resonance 舒曼共振schur's lemma 舒尔引理schwarzschild exterior solution 施瓦茨席尔德外部解schwarzschild interior solution 施瓦茨席尔德内部解schwarzschild radius 施瓦茨席尔德半径schwinger function 施温格函数schwinger model 施温格模型sciameter x射线测定器science 科学scientist 科学工走scintigram 闪烁图scintillation 闪光;闪烁scintillation counter 闪烁计数器scintillation crystal 闪烁晶体scintillation screen 闪烁屏scintillation spectrometer 闪烁谱仪scintillator 闪烁体scintilloscope 闪烁仪sclerometer 硬度计scleronomic system 与时间无关的系统scmitt trigger circuit 施密特触发器scorpius 天蝎座scotopic vision 暗视觉scram 紧急停堆scratch hardness 划痕硬度screen grid 屏栅screening 屏蔽screening constant 屏蔽常数screening effect 屏蔽效应screening number 屏蔽常数screw axis 螺旋轴screw dislocation 螺型位错screw pinch 螺旋箍缩sculptor 玉夫座scutum 盾牌座seaquake 海震search light 探照灯second harmonic generation 二次谐波发生second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律second order phase transition 二级相跃迁second quantization 二次量子化second sound 第二声second viscosity 第二粘性secondary battery 二次电池secondary cell 二次电池secondary circuit 次级电路secondary component 次级成分secondary cosmic rays 次级宇宙线secondary defect 二次缺陷secondary electron 次级电子secondary electron induced by ion bombardment 离子轰恍应二次电子secondary electron multiplier 二次电子倍增管secondary emission 二次电子发射secondary extinction 次级衰减secondary ion emission 次级离子发射secondary ion mass spectrometry 次级离子质谱法secondary ionization 次级电离secondary paticle beam 次级粒子束secondary quantum number 次量子数secondary radiation 次级辐射secondary spectrum 次级光谱secondary standard 二次标准secondary thermometer 二次温度计secondary x rays 二次 x 射线seconds pendulum 秒摆sector velocity 面积速度secular acceleration 长期加速secular equation 永恒方程secular parallax 长期视差secular perturbation 长期微扰secular precession 长期岁差sedimentation coefficient 沉降系数sedimentation equilibrium 沉降平衡sedimentation velocity 沉降速度seebeck effect 塞贝克效应seed crystal 晶种seeing 能见度seger cone 测温锥segment 段segmentation 分割segregation 偏析seiche 静震seismic focus 震源seismic intensity 地震强度seismic wave 地震波seismoelectricity 地震电学seismogeomagnetism 地震地磁学seismogram 地震记录图seismograph 地震仪seismology 地震学seismometer 地震计seismophysics 地震物理学seismoscope 验震器selected area diffraction 选区衍射selection 选择selection rule 选择规则selective absorption 选择性吸收selective growth 选择性生长selective reflection 选择反射selectivity 选择性selector 选择器selenium 硒selenium cell 硒光电池selenium rectifier 硒整流selenochronology 月球年代学selenodesy 月球测量学selenography 月面学selenomorphology 月貌学selenophone 照相录声机selenotectonics 月球构造学self absorption 自吸收self acting control 自行控制self adjoint extension 自伴扩张self adjoint operator 自伴算符self blocking 阻挡效应self canalization 自沟道效应self channeling 自沟道效应self collision 自碰撞self compression 自压缩self consistent field 自洽场self correlation 自相关self diffusion 自扩散self diffusion coefficient 自扩散系数self energy 自能self excitation 自激self excited generator 自激发电机self excited oscillation 自激振荡self excited oscillation circuit 自激振荡电路self focusing beam 自聚焦束self inductance 自感self induction 自感应self intensification 自增强self locking 自同步self mode locking 自锁模self operated control 自行控制self oscillation 自激振荡self oscillatory system 自激振荡系统self quenching counter 自灭式计数管self reversal 自反转self rotation 固有转动self similarity 自相似self sustained oscillations 连续振荡self sustaining discharge 自续放电self sustaining fusion 自续聚变self trapped electron 自俘获电子self trapped exciton 自俘获激子self trapping 自陷获selsyn motor 自动同步机sem 扫描电子显微镜semi 半semi channeling 半沟道效应semi classical method 半经典方法semi classical theory 半经典论semi group 半群semi insulator 半绝缘体semicircular spectrometer 半圆形光谱仪semicircular spectroscope 半圆形光谱仪semiconducting glass 半导电玻璃semiconductive polymer 半导电聚合物semiconductor 半导体semiconductor detector 半导体探测器semiconductor device 半导体装置semiconductor diode 半导体二极管semiconductor doped glass 半导体掺入玻璃semiconductor heterostructure 半导体异质结构semiconductor laser 半导体激光器semiconductor laser diode 半导体激光二极管semiconductor memory 半导体存储器semiconductor metal contact 半导体金属接触semiconductor microcrystallite 半导体微晶semiconductor quantum well structure 半寻体量子阱结构semiconductor rectifier 半导体整流semiconductor superlattice 半导体超点阵semiempirical molecular orbital method 半经验分子轨道法semileptonic decay 半轻子衰变semimetal 半金属semipermeable membrane 半透膜sense of rotation 旋转方向sensibility 灵敏度sensible heat 显热sensitive element 敏感元件sensitive tint 灵敏色辉sensitive tint plate 灵敏色辉片sensitivity 敏感度sensitized fluorescence 敏化荧光sensitometer 感光计sensitometry 感光度测定sensor 敏感元件sensor test 传感圃验separate excitation 他激separated function type synchrotron 分离机能型同步加速器separately excited generator 他激电机separating surface 界面sequence 序列serber force 塞伯力series connection 串联series generator 串激发电机series of spectrum lines 光谱线系series resistance 串联电阻series resonance 串联共振serpens 巨蛇座servoamplification 伺服放大servomechanism 伺服机构servomotor 伺服电动机sextans 六分仪座sextet 六重态seyfert galaxy 赛弗特星系shade 阴影shadow 阴影shadow effect 阴影效应shadow method 阴影法shadow microscope 阴影电子显微镜shadow scattering 衍射散射shallow water wave 浅水波shannon theorem 香农定理shape memory effect 形状记忆效应shaping circuit 形成电路sharp series 锐系列shearing force 剪切力shearing interferometer 错位干涉仪shearing modulus 剪切殚性模量shearing strain 剪切应变shearing strength 抗剪强度shearing stress 剪切应力sheet model 薄板模型shell 壳shell model 壳模型shf 超高频shield 屏蔽shield of a pile 屏蔽shielding material 屏蔽材料shift 位移shiva laser 希瓦激光器shive wave machine 沙伊布的波动实验器shock 冲击shock heating 冲花加热shock tube 花管shock tunnel 花管shock wave 冲花shockley partial dislocation 肖克利局部位错shockley state 肖克利态shore hardness 肖氏硬度short circuit 短路short focus lens 短焦距的透镜short life 短命short range correlation 短程关联short range interaction 短程相互酌short range order 短程有序short range order parameter 短程有序度short take off and landing aircraft 短距起落机short wave 短波shot effect 散粒效应shot noise 散粒噪声shower 簇射shower counter 簇射计数器shower particle 簇射粒子shubnikov de haas effect 舒勃尼科夫德哈斯效应shubnikov group 舒勃尼科夫群shunt 分路shunt generator 并励发电机shutter 快门si prefixes si 词头si unit si 单位side pressure 侧压side quark s 夸克sideband 边带sideband instability 边带不稳定性sidereal day 恒星日sidereal time 恒星时sidereal year 恒星年siderite 石铁陨星siderolite 石铁陨星siderostat 定星镜siemens 闻子sievert 违特sight 视觉sigma bond 键sigma electron 电子sigma model 模型sigma orbital 轨函数sigma pi interaction 相互酌signal 信号signal generator 信号发生器signal lamp 信号灯signal reproduction 信号的再生signal to noise ratio 信噪比signal velocity 信号速度signs of the zodiac 黄道十二宫silencer 消声器silent discharge 无声放电silicon 硅silicon diode 硅二极管silicon photocell 硅光电池silicon semiconductor detector 硅半导体探测器silver 银silver oxide cell 氧化银电池similarity 相似similarity law 相似定律similarity parameter 相似准则similarity theory 相似理论similarity transformation 相似变换similitude criterion 相似准则similitude theorem 相似定理simple harmonic motion 简谐运动simple pendulum 单摆simple tone 纯音simulation 模拟simulator 模拟器simultaneity 同时性simultaneously measurable 同时可测定sine 正弦sine condition 正弦条件sine curve 正弦曲线sine galvanometer 正弦检疗sine wave 正弦波sine wave generator 正弦波振荡器single bond 单键single closed shell nuclei 单闭合壳核single crystal 单晶single crystal diffraction 单晶衍射single crystal growing 单晶生长single electron tunneling 单电子隧道贯穿single mode fiber 单模纤维single particle energy 单粒子能single particle level 单粒子能级single particle transition probability 单粒子跃迁几率single phase alternating current 单相交流single wavelength laser 单波长激光器singlet 单线singlet state 单态singular integral 奇异积分singular matrix 奇异矩阵singular point 奇点singularity of space time 时空奇点sink 汇点sintering 烧结sinusoid 正弦曲线sinusoidal wave 正弦波siphon 虹吸siren 验音盘site selection spectroscopy 位置选择光谱学size effect 尺寸效应skew quadrupole magnet 斜四极磁铁skew ray 不交轴光线skin depth 囚深度skin effect 囚效应skin friction 表面摩擦skin layer 表层sky radiation 天空辐射skylab 天空实验室skyrme force 斯基尔姆力skyshine 天空回散照射slater determinant 斯莱特行列式slavnov taylor identity 斯拉夫诺夫泰勒恒等式slide 滑动slide resistance 滑触变阻器slide rheostat 滑触变阻器sliding friction 滑动摩擦slip 滑移slip plane 滑移面slit 狭缝slit function 狭缝函数slit spectrograph 狭缝摄谱仪slit width 缝隙宽slot antenna 狭缝天线slow acting relay 时滞继电器slow neutron 慢中子slow neutron capture 慢中子俘获slow positron beam 慢正电子束slowing down 减速slowing down density 减速密度slowing down length 慢化长度slowing down of neutrons 中子减速slowing down power 慢化本领small angle scattering 小角散射small angle scattering camera 小角散射照相机small calorie 克卡smectic crystal 近晶型液晶smectic phase 碟状液晶分子相smelting 熔解smith interferometer 史密斯干涉仪smoothing circuit 平滑电路snoek peak 斯诺依克峰so group 特殊正交群soap bubble model 皂泡模型sodium 钠sodium chloride structure 食盐结构sodium discharge lamp 钠灯sodium nitrate structure 硝酸钠结构sodium vapour lamp 钠灯sodiumlamp 钠灯soft component 软成分soft magnetic material 软磁材料soft mode 软模soft phonon 软声子soft superconductor 第一类超导体soft x ray spectroscopy 软 x 射线光谱学softening 软化softening point 软化点softening temperature 软化温度software 软件sol 溶胶solar activity 太阳活动solar apex 太阳向点solar battery 太阳电池solar beam plan 阳光计划solar calendar 阳历solar cells 太阳电池solar constant 太阳常数solar corona 日冕solar cosmic rays 太阳宇宙线solar cycle 太阳活动周solar day 太阳日solar eclipse 日食solar energy 太阳能solar energy storer 太阳能贮藏器solar flare 太阳耀斑solar furnace 太阳炉solar halo 日晕solar magnetic field 太阳磁场solar neutrino 太阳中微子solar neutrino unit 太阳中微子单位solar noise 太阳噪声solar physics 太阳物理学solar radiation 太阳辐射solar radio radiation 太阳射电辐射solar radioastronomy 太阳射电天文学solar spectrum 太阳光谱solar system 太阳系solar telescope 太阳望远镜solar time 太阳时solar wind 太阳风solar x ray 太阳 x 射线solar year 太阳年solarization 曝光过度酌soldering 钎焊solenoid 螺线管solid 固体solid angle 立体角solid body 固体solid helium 固体氦solid of revolution 族转体solid phase 固相solid solution 固溶体solid solution hardening 固溶体硬化solid state 固态solid state counter 固体计数器solid state detector 固体探测器solid state electronics 固体电子学solid state laser 固体激光器solid state physics 固体物理学solid state pinch effect 固体箍缩效应solid state plasma 固体等离子体solid state relay 固体继电器solidification 凝固solidification point 结晶温度solidifying point 凝固点solidus 固相线solitary wave 孤立波soliton 孤立子solstice 二至点solubility 溶解度solubility product 溶解度积solute 溶质solution 溶液;解solution velocity 溶解速度solvation 溶剂化solvent 溶媒sommerfeld radiation condition 拴菲辐射条件sonagraph 声图仪sonar 声呐sonde 探头sondheimer oscillation 松德亥姆振动sone 宋sonic depth finder 声深度观察装置sonic holography 声全息学sonics 应用声学sonoluminescence 声发光sonometer 弦音计soret effect 俗效应sorption 吸着sorption pump 吸着泵sound 声sound absorbent 吸声体sound absorption 吸声sound absorption coefficient 吸声率sound absorption factor 吸声率sound absorptivity 吸声率sound analyser 声音分析器sound effect 声效应sound energy 声能sound field 声场sound field calibration 声场校准sound insulation 隔声sound intensity 声强sound level 声级sound level meter 声级计sound navigation and ranging 声呐sound output 声功率sound power level 声功率级sound pressure 声压sound proof chamber 隔音室sound quality 音质sound quantum 声子sound radiation 声辐射sound rays 声线sound recording 录声sound reflection 声反射sound reflector 声音反射器sound refraction 声折射sound reproduction 声的重发sound source 声源sound spectrum 声谱sound velocity 声速sound vibration 声振动sound volume 声量sound wave 声波sound wave luminescence 声波发光sounding compass 发声罗盘source 源source follower 源跟踪器源极输出器source of energy 能源source of heat 热源source of light 光源source of sound 声源south pole 南极space 空间space astronomy 空间天文学space charge 空间电荷space charge density 空间电荷密度space charge effect 空间电荷效应space charge factor 电子管导电系数space charge layer 空间电荷层space charge limited current 空间电荷限制电流space clock 宇宙钟space communication 宇宙通讯space density 空间密度space distribution 空间分布space filtering 空间滤波space flight 宇宙飞行space group 空间群space inversion 空间反射space junk 空间垃圾space laboratory 天空实验室space lattice 空间点阵space navigating plant 航天工厂space plant 太空工厂space plasma physics 空间等离子体物理学space potential 空间电位space probe 宇宙探测器航天探测器space quantization 空间量子化space reflection 空间反射space research 宇宙空间研究space science 空间科学space shuttle 航天飞船space station 宇宙空间站space telescope 空间望远镜space time 时空space time quantization 时空量子化space velocity 空间速度space very long baseline interferometry 空间甚长基线干涉测量法space vlbi 空间甚长基线干涉测量法spallation 散裂spallation reaction 散裂反应spark 火花spark breakdown 火花哗spark chamber 火花室spark counter 火花计数器spark discharge 火花放电spark gap 火花隙spark line 火花谱线spark spectrum 火花光谱sparking 放花spatial frequency filtering 空间频率的滤波spatial frequency spectrum 空间频率谱spatial parity conservation law 空间宇称守恒律spatial quantization 空间量子化spatial velocity 空间速度spationautics 宇宙航行学speaker 扬声器special function 特殊函数special orthogonal group 特殊正交群special theory of relativity 狭义相对论special unitary group 特殊酉群specific acoustic impedance 比声阻抗specific binding energy 比结合能specific conductance 导电率specific electronic charge 电子的比电荷specific gravity 比重specific gravity bottle 比重瓶specific heat 比热specific heat at constant pressure 定压比热specific heat at constant volume 定体比热specific impulse 比冲量specific ionization 比电离specific power 功率密度specific ray constant 比常数specific resistance 电阻率specific surface 比表面积specific viscosity 比粘度specific weight 比重specification 说明speckle 斑纹speckle holography 斑纹全息学speckle interferometry 斑纹干涉学speckle pattern 斑纹图样speckle shearing interferometry 斑纹切位变干涉测定spectacle lens 眼镜片spectacles 眼镜spectral analysis 光谱分析spectral characteristic 光谱特性spectral colour 谱色spectral density 谱线密度spectral distribution 光谱分布spectral distribution curve 光谱分布曲线spectral function 谱函数spectral ghost 光谱鬼线spectral intensity 谱强度spectral line 谱线spectral line width 谱线宽度spectral luminous efficiency 光谱发光效率spectral purity 谱纯度spectral reflectance 光谱反射系数spectral reflection factor 光谱反射系数spectral representation 谱表示spectral sensitivity 谱灵敏度spectral sequence 光谱序spectral series 谱线系spectral term 谱项spectral type 光谱型spectrobologram 分光变阻测热图spectrobolometer 分光变阻测热计spectrofluorimeter 分光荧光计spectrofluorometer 分光荧光计spectrogram 光谱图spectrograph 分光谱仪spectrohelioscope 太阳光谱观测镜spectrometer 光谱仪spectrometry 光谱测定法spectrophotofluorometer 荧光分光光度计spectrophotography 光谱摄影学spectrophotometer 分光光度计spectrophotometry 光谱测定法spectrophysics 光谱物理学spectroradiometer 辐射谱仪spectroscope 分光镜spectroscopic analysis 光谱分析spectroscopic binary 分光双星spectroscopic lamp 光谱灯spectroscopic notation 光谱学符号spectroscopic parallax 分光视差spectroscopic photography 分光摄影术spectroscopy 光谱学spectrum 光谱spectrum locus 光谱轨迹spectrum selector 光谱选挥器spectrum variable 光谱变星speech analysis 语音分析speech processing 语音处理speed 速率speed of propagation 传播速度spent fuel 烧过的核燃料sphalerite structure 闪锌矿型结构spherical aberration 球面象差spherical albedo 球面反照率spherical astronomy 球面天文学spherical coordinates 球坐标spherical mirror 球面镜spherical nucleus 球形核spherical pendulum 球摆spherical photometer 球形光度计spherical tensor 球面张量spherical wave 球面波spherically symmetric potential 球对称势spherometer 球面仪spherulite 球粒spica 角宿spiking oscillation 脉冲尖峰振荡spin 自旋spin correlation 自旋相关spin density matrix 自旋密度矩阵spin density wave 自旋密度波spin doublet 自旋双重态spin echo 自旋回波spin exchange relaxation 自旋交换张弛spin flip 自旋反转spin flip laser 自旋反转激光器spin flip raman laser 自旋反转喇曼激光器spin fluctuation 自旋涨落spin glass 自旋玻璃spin hamiltonian 自旋哈密顿函数spin incoherence 自旋非相干性spin magnetic moment 自旋磁矩spin magnetic resonance 自旋磁共振spin matrix 自旋矩阵spin orbit coupling 自旋轨道耦合spin orbit interaction 自旋轨道相互酌spin orbit splitting 自旋轨道劈裂spin phonon interaction 自旋声子相互酌spin polarization 自旋极化spin quantum number 自旋量子数spin reorientation 自旋再取向spin resonance 自旋共振spin spin interaction 自旋自旋相互酌spin sublevel 自旋亚能级spin wave 自旋波spinel 尖晶石spinel structure 尖晶石型结构spinodal curve 旋节线spinodal decomposition 旋节线分解spinon 自旋振子spinor 旋量spinor field 旋量场spiral arm 旋臂spiral galaxy 旋涡星系spiral growth 螺旋形生长spiral nebula 旋涡星云splitting 分裂splitting factor 破裂系数splitting of spectral lines 谱线的分裂spontaneous emission 自发发射spontaneous fission 自发裂变spontaneous magnetization 自发磁化spontaneous optical rotatory power 自发旋光本领spontaneous polarization 自发极化spontaneous radiation 自发辐射spontaneous strain 自发变形spontaneous symmetry breakdown 自发对称破缺spontaneous transition 自发跃迁sporadic e layer 分散 e 层sporadic reflection 异常反射spot size 光斑尺寸spout 龙卷spread function 扩展函数spring 弹簧spring balance 弹簧秤spur 径迹spurion 虚假粒子spurious count 虚假计数spurious impulse 虚假计数spurious radiation 寄生辐射sputnik 卫星sputter ion pump 溅射离子泵sputtering 飞溅square well potential 矩形势阱squeezed state 压缩态squid 超导量子干涉仪stability 稳定度stability conditions 稳定条件stability theory of flow 聊稳定性理论stabilization 稳定化stabilizer 稳定器stable element 稳定元素stable isotope 稳定同位素stable nucleus 稳定核stacking fault 堆垛层错stacking fault tetrahedron 堆垛层错四面体stagnation 滞止stagnation point 滞点staircase magnetization curve 阶梯磁化曲线stalling 失速standard atmosphere 标准大气;标准大气压standard barometer 标准气压计standard big bang model 标准大爆炸模型standard candle 标准烛光standard capacitor 标准电容器standard cell 标准电池standard clock 标准钟standard conditions 标准条件standard cosmology 标准宇宙论standard deviation 均方根误差standard electrode 标准电极standard frequency 标准频率standard illuminant 标准光源standard instrument 标准仪器standard leak 标准漏孔standard light source 标准光源standard model 标准模型standard observer 标准观测员standard pressure 标准压力standard resistance 标准电阻standard resistance thermometer 标准电阻温度计standard resistor 标准电阻standard signal generator 标准信号发生器standard state 标准状态standard stimuli 标准剌激standard temperature 标准温度standard thermometer 标准温度计standard time 标准时standardization 标准化standing wave laser 驻波激光器standing wave ratio 驻波比standing wave type accelerator cavity 驻波型加速撇振腔standing waves 驻波stanton number 斯坦顿数star 星star atlas 星图star catalog 星表star cloud 星云star cluster 星团star formation 恒星形成stark effect 斯塔克效应stark spectroscopy 斯塔克光谱学stark switching method 斯塔克开关法starquake 星震starting voltage 始发电压state 态state density 态密度state function 态函数state variable 态变数state vector 态矢量static ac dc converter 静止变流static characteristic 静态特性static charge 静电荷static electricity 静电static induction transistor 静电感应晶体管static pressure 静压static pressure tube 静压statics 静力学stationary field 恒定场stationary gaussian markovian process 平稳高斯马尔可夫过程stationary motion 稳定运动stationary point 逗留点stationary process 平稳过程stationary random process 平稳随机过程stationary satellite 同步卫星stationary state 定态stationary universe 稳定宇宙stationary wave method 驻波法stationary waves 驻波statistical average 统计平均statistical distribution 统计分布statistical ensemble 统计系综statistical equilibrium 统计平衡statistical estimation 统计估计statistical factor 统计因数statistical fluctuation 统计起伏statistical inference 统计推断statistical law 统计定律statistical mechanics 统计力学statistical model 统计模型statistical operator 统计算符statistical optics 统计光学statistical physics 统计物理学statistical sum 统计和statistical thermodynamics 统计热力学statistical weight 统计权重stator 定子steady flow 稳定流steady state 稳态steady state universe 稳定宇宙steam 汽steam engine 蒸汽机stefan boltzmann constant 斯忒藩玻耳兹曼常数stefan boltzmann law 斯蒂芬玻尔兹曼定律stellar association 星协stellar astronomy 恒星天文学stellar cosmogony 恒星演化学stellar evolution 恒星演化stellar foramtion 恒星形成stellar interferometer 恒星干涉仪stellar magnitude 星等stellar photometry 恒星测光stellar population 星族stellar spectrograph 恒星摄谱仪stellar spectroscopy 恒星光谱学stellar spectrum 恒星光谱stellar statistics 恒星统计学stellar structure 恒星结构stellar supercluster 超星系团stellarator 仿星器step 度step function 阶跃函数stepping motor 脉冲电动机stereocomparator 体视比较仪stereographic projection 球极平面投影stereography 立体画法stereoisomer 立体异构体stereoisomerism 立体异构stereophotography 立体摄影术stereophotometer 立体光度计stereophotometry 立体光度测量法stereophotomicrograh 立体显微照相仪stereophysics 立体物理学stereopicture 立体相片stereoplanigraphy 精密立体测量法stereoptics 立体摄影光学stereoradiograph 立体射线照相仪stereoregularity 立体规则性stereoscope 体视镜stereoscopic effect 立体视效应stereoscopic television 立体电视stereoscopic vision 立体视觉stereospectrogram 立体谱图stereotelemeter 立体遥测仪stereotelemetry 立体遥测术stereotelevision 立体电视steric effect 立体效应steric hindrance 空间障碍stern gerlach experiment 斯特陡抢帐笛轺stern volmer equation 斯特段侄匠眺sternheimer effect 斯特叮默效应stickiness 粘附性stiff chain 刚性链stiffness 刚性stilb 熙提stimulated brillouin scattering 受激布里渊散射stimulated compton scattering 受激康普顿散射stimulated emission pumping spectroscopy 受激发射激发光谱学stimulated raman scattering 受激喇曼散射stimulated rayleigh scattering 受激瑞利散射stimulated scattering 受激散射stimulus 刺激stochastic cooling 随机冷却stochastic differential equation 随机微分方程stochastic differentiation 随机微分stochastic integral 随机积分stochastic process 随机过程stochastic quantization 随机量子化stoichiometric equation 化学计量方程stoichiometry 化学计量学stokes component 斯托克斯分量stokes equation 斯托克斯方程stokes law 斯托克斯定律stokes line 斯托克斯线stokes paradox 斯托克斯佯谬stokes's approximation 斯托克斯近似stol aircraft 短距起落机stoner theory 斯托纳理论stopping power 阻止本领storage capacity 存储容量storage counter 存储计数器storage oscilloscope 存储示波器storage ring 储存环straggling 离散strain 应变strain ellipsoid 应变椭球strain gage 应变计strain tensor 应变张量strange attractor 奇异吸引子strange particle 奇异粒子strange quark s 夸克strangeness 奇异性stratified fluid 分层铃stratosphere 平零stray capacity 杂散电容stray current 涡流stray light 杂散光stray radiation 杂散辐射streak camera 超快扫描照相机stream 流stream function 怜数streamer chamber 冲烈streamer discharge 菱放电streamline 吝streamline flow 层流strength 强度strength function 力函数strength of materials 材料强度stress 应力stress concentration 应力集中stress concentration factor 应力集中系数stress cracking 应力断裂stress ellipsoid 应力椭球stress function 应力函数stress intensity factor 应力强度因数stress of electromagnetic field 电磁场的应力stress relaxation 应力弛豫stress strain diagram 应力应变图stress tensor 应力张量stress wave 应力波string 弦string electrometer 弦线静电计string galvanometer 弦线电疗string model 弦模型strip tensometer 应变计stripping reaction 涎反应stroboscope 频闪观测器stroboscope polarimeter 频闪观测偏振计stroboscopic disc 频闪观测盘strong convergence 强收敛strong coupling 强耦合strong electrolyte 强电解质strong focusing 强聚焦strong focusing synchrotron 强聚焦同步加速器strong interaction 强相互酌strontium 锶strouhal number 斯特劳哈尔数structural phase transition 结构相变structural relaxation 结构弛豫structural stability 结构稳定性structure 结构structure constant 结构常数structure factor 结构因子structure function 结构函数structure image 结构象structure invariant 结构不变量structure semi invariant 结构半不变量sturm liouville equation 施图尔姆刘维方程su group 特殊酉群su model su模型su symmetry su对称性subboundary 亚晶界subcritical 次临界的subharmonic 次谐波subjective brightness 亮度sublattice 亚晶格sublattice magnetization 亚晶格磁化sublevel 次能级sublimation 升华sublimation heat 升华热sublimation nuclei 升华核sublimation pump 升华泵submarine earthquake 海震subroutine 子程序subsonic flow 亚声速流subsonic velocity 亚声速subspace 子空间substance 物质substitution method 置换法substitutional solid solution 替代式固溶体substratosphere 副平零subsystem 子系统subtractive colour mixtures 减法混色successive phase transition 逐次相变suction 吸入suction pump 吸气泵suction pyrometer 吸入式高温计sudden approximation 瞬时近似sulfur 硫sulfur cycle 硫循环sulphur 硫sulphuric acid 硫酸sum over states 统计和sum rule 求和定则summer solstice 夏至sun 太阳。
常用物理词汇中英文对照
常用物理词汇中英文对照Aa.c.generator交流发电机aberration光行差，像差absolute index of refraction绝对折射率absolute refractive index绝对折射率absolute temperature scale绝对温标absolute zero绝对零度absorber吸收体absorbing power吸收能力，吸收本领absorptance吸收比absorption吸收absorption coefficient吸收系数absorption line吸收谱线absorption spectrum吸收光谱，吸收谱accelerate加速acceleration加速度acceleration due to gravity重力加速度acceleration-time graph加速度—时间关系线图accelerator加速器acceptor接受体acceptor doping受体掺杂acceptor impurity受体杂质accommodation调节，视觉调节accumulator蓄电池accuracy准确度acetate strip醋酸酯条片achromatic消色差的achromatic aberration消色差achromatic condenser消色差聚光透镜achromatic light消色差光，白光acoustic blur声响模糊acoustic board吸音板，吸声板acoustic navigation声响导航acoustic pressure声压acoustics声学act on施于action作用量，作用，作用力action of point尖端作用activation激活，活化activation energy激活能，活化能active nucleus活性核，放射性核activity放射强度，放射性adapter接合器adder加法器adhesion附着力，附着，黏附adhesive force附着力adiabatic绝热的adiabatic expansion绝热膨胀adiabatic process绝热过程aerial天线??aerial induction天线调谐电感aerial network天线网络aerodynamic force气动力，空气动力aerodynamics气体动力学，空气动力学aerofoil机翼agent剂air blower吹风器air column空气柱，气柱air cushion气垫air damping空气阻尼air film气膜air track气垫导航air wedge气楔alignment对准，校整alpha decayα衰变alpha particleα粒子alpha particle scattering analogueα粒子放射模拟alternating current交流电alternating voltage交变电压，交流电压alternator交流发电机altimeter高度计，测高仪americium?宝?ammeter安培计amorphous非结晶的，无定形的ampere安培，安ampere-hour安培小时，安时amplification放大，放大率amplifier放大器amplify放大amplitude振幅amplitude modulation调幅，振幅调剂amyl acetate醋酸戊酯anaemia贫血analogue模拟analogue experiment模拟实验analogue signal仿真讯号，非数字讯号analogue-to-digital conversion模拟转换analyser检偏振器AND gate「与」门anemometer风速计aneroid barometer无液气压计，空盒气压计angle of contact接触角angle of deviation偏向角angle of diffraction衍射角，绕射角angle of dip倾角angle of elevation仰角angle of emergence出射角angle of incidence入射角angle of inclination倾角angle of minimum deviation最小偏向角angle of projection投射角angle of reflection反射角angle of refraction折射角angle of twist扭转角angstrom埃angular acceleration角加速度angular aperture孔径张角angular displacement角位移angular frequency角频率angular impulse角冲量angular magnification角度放大，角放大率angular momentum角动量，动量矩angular motion角向运动，角运动angular seed角速率angular velocity角速度angular width角宽度annealing退火，韧化anode阳极，正极anomalous expansion反常膨胀antenna天线??anticlockwise moment逆时针力矩antifreeze防冻剂antinodal line腹线??antinode波腹antiparticle反粒子antiphase反相，逆相aperture孔径，口径，孔apparent depth视深apparent expansion表观膨胀，视膨胀apparent frequency表观频率，视频率apparent loss in weight表观失重apparent weight表观重量Appleton layer阿普顿层，F电离层aqueous layer水层Archimedes'principle阿基米得原理area面积argon氩armature电枢artificial disintegration人工蜕变artificial radioactivity人工放射astable非稳态的astable circuit非稳态电路astable multivibrator非态多谐振荡器astigmatism像散，散光astronomical telescope天文望远镜at infinity在无穷远处at rest静止atmosphere大气，大气层，大气压atmospheric pressure大气压强atom原子atomic bomb原子弹atomic bond原子键atomic density原子密度atomic diameter原子直径atomic energy原子能atomic mass原子质量atomic mass unit原子质量单位atomic model原子模型atomic nucleus原子核atomic number原子序数atomic radius原子半径atomic separation原子间距atomic spacing原子间距atomic structure原子结构atomic theory原子论atomizer喷雾器attenuation衰减attraction吸引attractive force吸力audible frequency range听频范围audible signal可听讯号audio frequency声频autofocus自动聚焦，自动对焦avalanche电子雪崩average acceleration平均加速度average power平均功率average speed平均速率average velocity平均速度Avogadro constant阿佛加德罗常数，阿佛加德罗常量Avogadro number阿佛加德罗数Avogadro's law阿佛加德罗定律axial轴向的，沿轴的axial field轴向场axial search coil轴向探察线图axis轴axis of rotation转轴Bback e.m.f.反电动势background radiation本底辐射Bainbridge mass spectrometer班布里奇质谱仪balance天平，秤，平衡balance arm秤杆，平衡臂balance point平衡点balance bridge平衡电桥balanced force平衡力ball bearing球轴承，滚珠轴承ballistic galvanometer冲击电流计，冲击检流计ballistic pendulum冲击摆Balmer series巴耳末系，巴耳末光谱band spectrum带状光谱，带状谱bandwidth带宽bar code条形码bar magnet磁棒bare wire裸线??barium钡barometer气压计barrier障碍物barrier layer阻档层，耗尽层barrier potential difference阻档层电势差，阻档层电位差Barton's pendulums巴尔通摆base基极base current基极电流battery电池组battery charger电池充电器battery holder电池座beaker烧杯beam splitter分束器，射束分离器beat拍beat frequency拍频becquerel贝克勒耳，贝克bel贝尔，贝bell jar钟形罩bench mat实验台垫Bernoulli's theorem伯努利定律beryllium铍beta decayβ衰变beta particleβ粒子biasing circuit偏压电路biasing voltage偏压biconcave lens双凹透镜biconvex lens双凸透镜bicycle dynamo自行车发电机，脚踏车发电机bifilar pendulum双线摆bifocal lens双焦距透镜big bang model大爆炸模型bimetallic strip双层金属片，双金属片binary adder二进加法器binary system二进制binding结合binding energy结合能binoculars双筒望远镜Biot-Savart law毕奥—萨伐尔定律bipolar双极的birefraction双折射bistable双稳态的，双稳器bistable circuit双稳电路bistable multivibrator双稳态多谐振荡器bit二进制制，位black body radiation黑体辐射block and tackle滑轮组block diagram方框图blocking capacitor隔直流电器容blooming敷霜，表面加膜Bohr atom玻尔原子Bohr radius玻尔半径Bohr theory玻尔理论boil沸腾，煮沸boiler锅炉boiling point沸点bolometer辐射热计Boltzmann constant玻耳兹曼常数，玻耳兹曼常量bombardment轰击bond energy键能bonding键合Bourdon gauge布尔登气压计bow wave弓形波，舷波Boyle's law博伊尔定律Brackett series布喇开系，布喇开光谱Bragg angle布喇格角Bragg diffraction布喇格衍射，布喇格绕射Bragg plane布喇格平面Bragg's law布喇格定律brake制动器breakdown potential击穿电势，击穿电位breaking point断点breaking strength抗断强度breaking stress致断应力breeder reactor增殖反应堆bremsstrahlung轫致辐射Brewster's law布鲁斯特定律bridge circuit桥式电路bridge rectifier桥式整流器bright fringe亮纹brightness亮度brittle脆的，易碎的bromine溴Brownian movement布朗运动brush电刷bubble chamber气泡室bubble raft model泡筏模型buffer缓冲器buffer circuit缓冲电路bulk modulus体积弹性模量Bunsen burner本生灯buoyancy浮力burette滴定管burette stand滴定管架burglar alarm防盗警报器，防盗警钟buzzer蜂鸣器by-pass旁路byte二进制组，字节Ccable电缆cadmium sulphide硫化镉caesium铯calcite方解石calibrate校准，标上刻度calipers测径器，卡钳calorie卡路里，卡calorimeter量热器camera照相机cancer cell癌细胞candela坎德拉cantilever悬臂capacitance电容capacitance substitution box换值电容箱capacitive circuit电容电路capacitive component电容性分量capacitive coupling电容耦合capacitive discharge电容性放电capacitive reactance容抗capacitor电容器capacitor-input filter电容输入滤波器capacity容量，载量capillarity毛细现象，毛细作用capillary depression毛细下降capillary rise毛细上升capillary tube毛细管capsule囊capture俘获carbon碳carbon granule碳颗粒carbon paper disc圆形碳纸carbon-14dating碳14年代测定法carburettor化油器，汽化器carrier wave载波carry进位castor oil蓖麻油cataract白内障cathode阴极，负极cathode ray阴极射线??cathode ray deflection tube阴极射线偏转管cathode-ray oscilloscope阴极射线示波器，示波器cathode-ray tube阴极射线管cavity resonator空腔共振器celestial telescope天体望远镜cell电池，细胞Celsius temperature scale摄氏温标centimetre厘米centralized low voltage power supply unit中央控制低压电源箱centre of curvature曲率中心centre of gravity重心centre of mass质心centre of oscillation振荡中心centre-tapped transformer中心抽头变压器centrifugal force离心力centrifuge离心机centripetal acceleration向心加速度centripetal force向心力Chadwick查德威克chain reaction连锁反应change of state物态变化change-over switch换向开关characteristic特性，特征characteristic curve特性曲线??characteristic line特征线，特征谱??characteristic spectrum特征光谱，特征谱charge电荷，充电，起电charge carrier载荷子charge conservation电荷守恒charge density电荷密度charge distribution电荷分布charge to mass ratio荷质比charged particle带电粒子charging by contact接触起电charging by friction摩擦生电charging by induction感应起电charging by sharing授受起电charging time constant充电时间常数，充电时间常量Charles's law查理定律choke扼流，抗流，扼流圈，抗流圈choke circuit扼流电路，抗流电路chromatic aberration色差chromatic dispersion色散cinefilm soundtrack电影胶片声迹circle of least confusion最少模糊圈，明晰圈circuit电路circuit board电路板circuit breaker断路器circuit symbol电路符号circular coil环形线圈circular motion圆周运动circular orbit圆周轨道circular pulse圆形脉冲circular wave圆形波circular wavefront圆形波阵面，圆形波前clamp夹钳，夹紧clap-echo method「拍掌—回声」法cleave裂开clinical thermometer体温计clip夹子clockwise moment顺时针力矩closed circuit闭合电路closed pipe闭管closed tube闭管closed-loop control system死循环控制系统closed-loop gain死循环增益closed-loop voltage gain死循环电压增益closely packed密堆积的cloud chamber云室cloud chamber track云室径迹coaxial共轴，同轴coaxial cable同轴电缆，同轴??cobalt钴code编码coder编码器coefficient of dynamic friction动摩擦系数coefficient of friction摩擦系数coefficient of restitution恢复系数coefficient of static friction静摩擦系数coefficient of viscosity黏滞系数coherent相干的cohesion内聚力，内聚cohesive force内聚力coil线圈collector集电极，集极collector current集电极电流，集极电流collimator准直管，准直仪collision碰撞colour颜色colour code色码，色标combinational logic组合逻辑common emitter共发射极common-mode voltage共模电压commutator换向器compass指南针，罗盘complete circuit完整电路component组件，分量，组分component of force分力compound microscope复式显微镜compound pendulum复摆compressed gas压缩气体compressibility可压缩性，压缩系数，压缩率compressible fluid可压缩性流体compression密部，压缩compression spring balance压缩弹簧天平concave凹concave lens凹透镜concave mirror凹镜，凹面镜concentric capacitor同心电容器condensation凝结，凝聚condensation nucleus凝结核，凝聚核condensation point凝点，凝结点condenser聚光器，电容器，冷凝器conductance电导conductivity传导性，传导率conductor导体conical pendulum锥摆conjugate foci共轭焦点conservation of angular momentum角动量守恒conversation of charge电荷守恒conservation of energy能量守恒conservation of mechanical energy机械能守恒conservation of momentum动量守恒conservative force守恒力，保守力conserved守恒constant acceleration恒加速度constant angular acceleration恒角加速度constant angular velocity恒角速度constant force恒力constant motion恒速运动constant pressure定压constant speed恒速率constant temperature定温constant velocity恒速度constant volume定容constant volume gas thermometer定容气体温度计constantan康铜constriction颈缩constructive interference相长干涉contact angle接触角contact area接触面积contact force接触力continuity equation连续性方程continuous spectrum连续光谱，连续谱continuous wave连续波contract收缩control experiment对照实验，比对实验control grid控制栅极control rod控制棒control system控制系统convection对流converge会聚converging lens会聚透镜converging mirror会聚镜convex凸convex lens凸透镜convex mirror凸镜，凸面镜coolant冷却剂cooling by evaporation蒸发致冷cooling correction冷却修正cooling curve冷却曲线??cooling effect冷却效应cooling system冷却系统，散热系统coplanar forces共面力core心，核心Coriolis force科里奥利力corkscrew rule螺旋法则cornea角膜corona discharge电晕放电corpuscular theory of light光的微粒学说correction矫正，修正cosmic radiation宇宙辐射coulomb库伦Coulomb's law库伦定律count rate计数率counter计数器counter weight平衡锤，配重couple力偶coupled oscillation耦合振荡coupling耦合covalent bond共价键crane magnet起重磁铁creep蠕变crest波峰critical angle临界角critical damping临界阻尼critical mass临界质量critical point临界点critical temperature临界温度critical velocity临界速度crocodile clip鳄鱼夹cross hairs十字丝，叉丝cross-sectional area截面积Crova's disc克罗瓦盘crystal晶体crystal diffraction晶体衍射，晶体绕射crystal lattice晶体点阵，晶体格子，晶格crystal planes晶面crystalline结晶的crystallization结晶crystallography晶体学cubical expansivity体积膨胀系数，体积膨胀率curie居里current电流current amplification电流放大current amplification factor电流放大因素current amplifier电流放大器current balance电流天平current density电流密度current gain电流增益current intensity电流强度current pulse电流脉冲current sensitivity电流灵敏度current stabilizer稳流器current transfer characteristic电流转移特性current-carrying conductor载电流导体current-voltage characteristic curve电流—电压特性曲线?? curved mirror曲面镜cyclotron回旋加速器cylindrical concave lens柱面凹透镜cylindrical concave mirror柱面凹镜cylindrical convex lens柱面凸透镜cylindrical convex mirror柱面凸镜cylindrical lens柱面透镜cylindrical mirror柱面镜Ff-number f数，光圈数f-stop f制光圈far point远点farad法拉Faraday constant法拉第常数，法拉第常量Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction法拉第电磁感应定律fast breeder reactor快中子增殖反应堆feedback反馈feedback amplifier反馈放大器feedback resistance反馈电阻ferromagnetic substance铁磁性物质ferromagnetism铁磁性fictitious force假力，伪力fidelity保真性，保真度field coil场线圈field effect transistor场效应晶体管field intensity场强field lines场力线??field magnet场磁铁，场磁体field of view视场，视野field strength场强figure of merit优值，灵敏值filament灯丝，丝极filter capacitor滤波电容器filter circuit滤波电路filter pump滤泵final state终态，末态final velocity末速度fine-adjustment微调，细调fire alarm火警警报器，火警钟first law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律first order spectrum第一级光谱，第一级谱fission裂变fission reactor裂变反应堆fixed point定点fixed pulley定滑轮fixed resistor定值电阻器flat coil扁平线圈flat solenoid扁平螺线管flat-bottomed flask平底烧瓶Fleming's left hand rule弗林明左手定则Fleming's right hand rule弗林明右手定则floating body浮体fluid流体fluid dynamics流体动力学fluorescence荧光fluorescent screen荧光屏，荧光幕flux通量flux density通量密度fly-back回扫flywheel飞轮focal length焦距focal plane焦平面focus焦点，聚焦，对焦focus control聚焦控制follower circuit跟随电路foot pump脚踏泵force力force constant力常数，力常量force polygon力多边形force resolution力的分解force triangle力三角形force-extension curve施力—伸长关系曲线?? forced oscillation受迫振荡former框forward biased正向偏压forward current正向电流fossil fuel化石燃料Foucault's rotating mirror method傅科旋转镜法frame of reference参考坐标系，参考系Franck-Hertz experiment弗兰克—赫兹实验Fraunhofer diffraction夫琅和费衍射，夫琅和费绕射Fraunhofer lines夫琅和费谱线??free electron自由电子free fall自由下坠，自由下落free falling body自由落体free oscillation自由振荡free path自由程free space自由空间freeze凝固freezing point凝固点freon氟利昂，二氯二氟甲烷frequency频率frequency modulation调频，频率调制frequency response频率响应Fresnel diffraction菲涅耳衍射，菲涅耳绕射Fresnel's biprism菲涅耳双棱镜friction摩擦，摩擦力friction compensated补偿摩擦作用frictionless motion无摩擦运动fringe条纹fringe pattern条纹图形fuel rod燃料棒fulcrum支点full adder全加法器full-scale deflection满标偏转full-wave rectification全波整流full-wave rectifier全波整流器fundamental frequency基频fundamental mode of vibration基谐振动模式fundamental note基音fundamental quantity基本量fundamental unit基本单位fuse保险丝fuse rating保险丝额定值fusion熔解，聚变fusion point熔点fusion reactor聚变反应堆GG-clamp G-形钳gain增益gain control增益控制galaxy星系Galilean telescope伽利略望远镜Galileo's thought experiment伽利略假想实验galvanometer电流计，检流计gamma radiation伽玛辐射gamma ray伽玛射线??gap隙gas气，气体gas pressure气体强压，气压gaseous phase气相gaseous state气态gauge规，计Gauss theorem高斯定理Geiger counter盖革计数器Geiger-Marsden scattering experiment盖革—马斯登散射实验Geiger-Muller counter盖革—弥勒计数器Geiger-Muller tube盖革—弥勒管general gas equation普适气体方程general gas law普适气体定律generator发电机genetic effect遗传效应geometrical optics几何光学germanium锗ghost effect迭影效应glancing angle掠射角glass fibre玻璃纤维glycerine甘油gold foil金箔fold leaf electroscope金箔验电器gradient斜率，梯度graduated cylinder量筒Graham's law of diffusion格拉哈姆散定律grain粒，晶粒gramophone record唱片，唱碟graph图，线图，图表graphical method图解法grating光栅grating spectrometer光栅光谱仪，光栅分光计gravitational acceleration重力加速度gravitational attraction引力，重力gravitational constant引力常数，引力常量gravitational field引力场，重力场gravitational force引力，重力gravitational mass引力质量gravitational potential引力势，重力势gravitational potential difference引力势差，重力势差gravitational potential energy引力势能，重力势能gravity重力grazing incidence掠入射，切入射greenhouse effect温室效应grid栅极grid control栅极控制grid system电力网groove纹道，针槽，开槽ground接地ground state基态guinea and feather experiment「硬币与羽毛」实验Hhair spring游丝half adder半加法器half-life半衰期half-silvered mirror半镀银镜half-wave rectification半波整流half-wave rectifier半波整流器Hall effect霍耳效应Hall probe霍耳探测器Hall voltage霍耳电压hand stroboscope手动式频闪观测器harmonic谐音harmonic motion谐运动harmonic oscillation谐振荡head-on collision对正碰撞，正碰heat热，热量，加热，热学heat absorbent吸热剂heat absorber吸热器heat absorption吸热，热吸收heat capacity热容量heat conduction热传导heat exchange热交换heat flow热流heat gain热增益，得热heat insulation热绝缘，隔热heat loss热损耗，失热heat proof耐热的，隔热的heat pump热泵heat radiation热辐射heat reservoir热库，储热器heat sink热壑heat transfer热传递，热转移heater发热器，加热器heating effect热效应heating element发热组件Helmholtz coils亥姆霍兹线圈henry亨利，亨hertz赫兹，赫high dispersion prism高色散棱镜high tension高电压hole空穴，空子hollow plastic lens空心塑料透镜hollow plastic prism空心塑料棱镜hologram全息图holography全息术，全息学Hooke's law虎克定律horizontal水平horizontal component水平分量horizontal deflection水平偏转horseshoe magnet蹄形磁铁hot cathode热阴极hour小时Huygens'principle惠更斯原理hydraulic press水压机hydroelectric power水力发电hydrogen bomb氢弹hygrometer湿度计hyperbolic orbit双曲线轨道hypodermic needle皮下注射针头hypodermic syringe皮下注射针筒hypothesis假说，假设hysteresis滞后现象Iideal gas理想气体ideal gas equation理想气体方程ideal gas temperature scale理想气体温标ideal machine理想机械illuminate照明，照亮image像image distance像距immerse浸没immersion heater浸没式电热器impact碰撞impedance阻抗impulse冲量impurity杂质in focus焦点对准in parallel并联in phase同相in series串联incident ray入射线??incident wavefront入射波阵面，入射波前inclined plane斜面incoherent不相干的incompressible fluid非压缩性流体indicator指示器indirectly heated cathode旁热式阴极induced charge感生电荷induced current感生电流induced e.m.f.感生电动势induced voltage感生电压??inducing charge施感电荷inducing current施感电流inductance电感inductance capacitance coupled circuit感容耦合电路inductance coil电感线圈induction感应induction heating感应生热inductive circuit电感电路inductive component电感性分量inductive reactance感抗inductor电感器，感应器inelastic collision非弹性碰撞inert gas惰性气体inertia惯性，惯量inertia balance惯性秤inertial frame惯性坐标系，惯性系inertial mass惯性质量infra-red detector红外线探测器infra-red radiation红外辐射infra-red ray红外线??initial state初态initial velocity初速度input输入input bias current输入偏压电流input characteristic输入特性input current输入电流input offset current输入补偿电流input power输入功率input resistance输入电阻input voltage输入电压input-output voltage characteristic输入—输出电压特性instantaneous acceleration瞬时加速度instantaneous angular velocity瞬时角速度instantaneous current瞬时电流instantaneous power瞬时功率instantaneous speed瞬时速率instantaneous velocity瞬时速度instantaneous voltage瞬时电压insulation绝缘insulator绝缘体integrated circuit集成电路intensity强度intensity control强度控制intensity of current电流强度interaction相互作用interatomic force原子间力interatomic potential原子间势，原子间位interatomic separation原子间距intercept截距，截段interconversion互换interference干涉interference pattern干涉图形internal energy内能internal force内力internal resistance内电阻internal work内功international system of units国际单位制，公制，十进制interval间隔intrinsic semiconductor纯半导体，本征半导体inverse-square law平方反比定律inverted倒立的inverter反相器，倒换器inverting input反相输入ion离子ion-pair离子偶，离子对ionic bond离子键ionic structure离子结构ionization电离作用ionization chamber电离室ionization current电离电流ionization energy电离能ionization potential电离电势，电离电位ionization voltage电离电压ionize电离ionized atom离子ionized layer电离层ionizing power致电离能力，致电离本领ionizing radiation致电离辐射ionosphere电离层iris虹膜，可变光阑iron core铁心iron filings铁粉irreversible process不可逆过程isobar等压线，同质异序素isobaric expansion等压膨胀isobaric process等压过程isochronous oscillation等时振荡isotherm等温线??isothermal process等温过程isotope同位素isovolumetric process等容过程JJaegers method耶格法jet propulsion喷气推进jockey滑动触头joule焦耳joulemeter焦耳计junction连接，接头junction diode面结型二极管junction transistor面结型晶体管KKaleidoscope万花筒Kelvin开尔文，开Kelvin temperature scale开氏温标Kepler's law开普勒定律key电键kilogram千克kilowatt千瓦特，千瓦kilowatt-hour千瓦小时，千瓦时kilowatt-hour meter电表，千瓦时计kinematics运动学kinetic energy动能kinetic friction动摩擦kinetic theory分子运动论kinetic theory model分子运动模型kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论Kirchhoff's law基尔霍夫定律kit套件knife-edge刃形支承，刀刃，刀边kryton氪Kundt's tube孔脱管Llagging保温套laminar flow层流laminated分层的，迭片的laser激光，激光器laser beam激光束laser material激光材料latch闩锁latent heat潜热lateral横向，侧向，旁向lateral inversion横向倒置lateral magnification横向放大，横向放大率lateral search coil横向探察线圈lattice点阵，晶格lattice spacing点阵间隔，点阵间距law定律law of conservation of momentum动量守恒定律law of reflection反射定律law of refraction折射定律lead导线，铅lead-acid accumulator铅酸蓄电池leakage current漏泄电流least distance of distinct vision最小明视距离Leclanche cell勒克朗谢电池length长度lens透镜，晶体，晶状体lens formula透镜公式lens holder透镜座lens marker's formula透镜制造者公式Lenz's law楞次定律leukaemia白血病lever杠杆light光，光学light beam光束，光柱light dependent resistor光敏电阻器light emitting diode发光二极管light guide光导light pipe光导管light ray光线??light sensitive resistor光敏电阻器light source光源lightning闪电lightning conductor避雷针limiting angle极限角limiting friction极限摩擦line of action作用线??line of force力线??line spectrum线状光谱，线状谱linear air track线性气垫导航linear electronics线性电子学linear expansivity线性膨胀系数，线性胀率linear flow线流linear momentum线动量linear voltage amplification线性电压放大率linearly polarized wave线偏振波liquefaction液化liquid液体liquid crystal液晶体liquid phase液相liquid pressure液体压强liquid-in-glass thermometer玻管液体温度计Lissajous figure利萨如图形live载电，活线，火线Lloyd's mirror洛埃镜load负荷lodestone磁石logic gate逻辑门logic level逻辑电平，逻辑级logic level indicator逻辑电平指示器，逻辑级指示器logic value逻辑值long sight远视long wave长波longitudinal magnification纵向放大，纵向放大率longitudinal wave纵波loop回路，圈Lorentz force洛兰兹力Lorentz rotating disc洛兰兹旋转盘loudness响度loudspeaker扬声器low frequency a.c.generator低频交流发电机low voltage低电压low voltage immersion heater低压浸没式电热器lower limit下限lycopodium powder石松粉Lyman series赖曼系，赖曼光谱MMach number马赫数machine机械macroscopic宏观的magnadur magnet玛格纳多尔磁铁magnet磁铁，磁体magnet keeper永久磁铁衔铁magnetic domain磁畴，磁域magnetic effect磁效应magnetic field磁场magnetic field board磁场板magnetic field intensity磁场强度magnetic field strength磁场强度magnetic flux磁通量magnetic flux density磁通量密度magnetic flux linkage磁链，磁键，磁通匝数magnetic force磁力magnetic hysteresis磁滞magnetic induction磁感应强度，磁感应magnetic line of force磁力线??magnetic material磁性材料magnetic meridian磁子午线??magnetic moment磁矩magnetic north pole磁北极magnetic permeability磁导率magnetic pole磁极magnetic screen磁屏magnetic shield磁屏magnetic south pole磁南极magnetic susceptibility磁化率magnetic tape磁带magnetic tape recorder磁带录音机magnetic torque磁矩magnetic track磁迹magnetism磁学，磁性magnetization起磁，磁化作用magnetize磁化magnetizing current磁化电流magnification放大，放大率magnified放大的magnifying glass放大镜magnifying power放大率magnitude量，量值mains frequency市电频率mains immersion heater市电浸没式热器mains supply市电电源majority carriers多数载流子malleable展性的，韧性的Maltese cross tube马尔塔十字管manometer流体压强计mass质量mass defect质量亏损mass number质量数mass spectrometer质谱仪mass-energy relation质能关系matter wave物质波maximum error最大误差mean free path平均自由程measurement测量mechanical advantage机械利益mechanical efficiency机械效率mechanical energy机械能mechanical oscillation机械振荡mechanical wave机械波mechanism机制，机理medium介质medium wave中波Melde's experiment迈尔德实验melt熔化melting point熔点meniscus弯液面，弯月面meniscus lens凹凸透镜，弯月形透镜mercury汞，水银metal fatigue金属疲劳fetal grid金属珊metallic bond金属键metastable亚稳态的，介稳态的method of dimensions维量法，因次法method of no-parallax无视差法metre米metre bridge滑线电桥，米尺电桥metre rule米尺mica云母mica capacitor云母电容器microammeter微安培计，微安计microelectronics微电子学micrometer测微计micrometer screw gauge螺旋测微计microphone微音器，传声器microscope显微镜microscopic微观的microwave微波microwave apparatus微波仪器microwave receiver微波接收器microwave transmitter微波发送器milliammeter毫安计，毫安计Millikan experiment密立根实验millimetre毫米minimum deviation最小偏向minority carrier少数载流子minute分，分钟mirage海市蜃楼，蜃景mirror镜mirror formula球面镜公式mobility动性，迁移率mode模式model eye眼球模型model power line输电线模型moderator减速剂，缓和剂modulation调制，调节module组件modulus of elasticity弹性模量modulus of rigidity刚性模量molar gas constant摩尔气体常数，摩尔气体常量molar heat capacity摩尔热容量molar volume摩尔体积mole摩尔molecular bombardment分子撞击molecular force分子力molecular motion分子运动molecular polarization分子极化molecular separation分子间距molecular structure分子结构molecule分子moment矩moment arm矩臂，力臂moment of couple力偶矩moment of dipole偶极矩moment of force力矩moment of inertia转动惯量moment of momentum动量矩momentum动量monatomic molecule单原子分子monochromatic light单色光motion运动motor电动机motor rule电动机法则movable pulley动滑轮moving-coil galvanometer动圈式电流计，动圈式检流计moving-coil loudspeaker动圈式扬声器moving-coil meter动圈式电表multiflash photography多闪照相法multimeter万用电表，多用电表multiple image复像multiple reflection多次反射multiplication process倍增过程multiplier倍加器multivibrator多谐振荡器musical instrument乐器mutation突变multiple-slit interference多缝干涉mutual inductance互感mutual induction互感应mutually perpendicular互相垂直的Nn-type semiconductor n型半导体NAND gate「与非」门，「非与」门naphthalene???natural frequency固有频率，自然频率nature本质near point近点necking颈缩negater反相器，倒换器negative charge负电荷negative feedback负反馈negative ion负离子negative supply rail负供电轨negative terminal负端钮，负接线柱net force净力network网络，网络neutral中性，中线??neutral equilibrium中性平衡，随遇平衡neutral point中和点neutrino中微子neutron中子neutron number中子数newton牛顿Newton's first law of motion牛顿运动第一定律Newton's law of gravitation牛顿万有引力定律Newton's ring牛顿环Newton's second law of motion牛顿运动第二定律Newton's third law of motion牛顿运动第三定律Newtonian fluid牛顿流体Newtonian mechanics牛顿力学nichrome wire镍铬线，镍铬合金线??Nicol prism尼科尔棱镜nitrogen氮no-parallax无视差nodal line节线??node节点，波节noise噪音noise level噪音级noise pollution噪音污染non-conservative force非守恒力，非保守力non-inertial frame非惯性坐标系，非惯性系non-inverting input非反相输入non-Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-ohmic conductor非奥姆导体non-ohmic resistor非奥姆电阻器NOR gate「或非」门，「非或」门normal法线??normal incidence正入射normal reaction法向反作用力normal stress法向应力north pole北极NOT gate「非」门note音，乐音，律音nozzle喷嘴nuclear原子核的nuclear energy核能nuclear energy level核能级nuclear fission核裂变nuclear force核力nuclear fusion核聚变nuclear pile核反应堆nuclear radiation核辐射nuclear reaction核反应nuclear rector核反应堆nuclear waste核废料nuclear weapon核武器nucleon核子nucleon number核子数，质量数nucleus原子核nuclide核素Oobject物，物体object distance物距objective接物镜，物镜obstacle障碍物octave八音度，倍频程Oersted奥斯特ohm奥姆Ohm's law奥姆定律ohmic conductor奥姆导体ohmic resistor奥姆电阻器ohmmeter奥姆计oil film油膜opaque不透明的open circuit断路，开路open pipe开管open tube开管open-loop control system开环控制系统open-loop voltage gain开环电压增益operating voltage操作电压operational amplifier运算放大器opposite phase反相optical centre光心optical density光学密度optical fibre光导纤维，光纤optical flatness光学平度optical illusion光幻象，视错觉optical instrument光学仪器optical path光程optical path difference光程差optical system光学系统，光具组optical thickness光学厚度optically anisotropic光学各向异性的optically denser medium光密介质optically isotropic光学各向同性的optically less dense medium光疏介质optics光学OR gate「或」门orbit轨道orbital electron轨道电子order of magnitude数量级ordinary ray寻常光线??orientation取向，定向oscillation振荡oscillator振荡器oscillatory circuit振荡电路oscilloscope示波器Ostwald's viscometer奥氏黏度计。
大学物理教案英文版简谐振动Simple harmonic oscillation
+A +A
+ ωA − ωA
+ω2 A +ω2 A
φ=0
d 2 x( t ) a( t ) = dt 2 = − Aω 2 cos(ωt + φ )
x = + xm v = 0 a = −am x = 0 v = −v m a = 0 x = − xm v = 0 a = +am
§7.2 Simple harmonic oscillation
r A
ϕ
ω
r A1
ω
x
x 1 = A1 cos( ω t + ϕ 1 )
x 2 = A2 cos( ω t + ϕ 2 )
ϕ2
ϕ1
x = x1 + x 2
x2
x1
x
r r r A = A1 + A 2
= A cos( ω t + ϕ )
A=
2 A12 + A2 + 2 A1 A2 cos(ϕ 2 − ϕ 1 ) A1 sinϕ1 + A2 sinϕ 2 ϕ = arctg A1 cosϕ1 + A2 cosϕ 2
§7.4 simple harmonic motion and the uniform circular motion
ωA
A
x ( t ) = A cos(ωt + φ )
v ( t ) = − Aω sin(ωt + φ )
9
§7.4 simple harmonic motion and the uniform circular motion
1
§7.2 Simple harmonic oscillation
英文版物理实验
physics lab reportDetermination of the Gravitation Constant gby Means of a Simple PendulumAimThis experiment was performed to determine the gravitational acceleration of objects close to the surface of the earth, by observing the motion of a simple pendulum.IntroductionA simple pendulum, figure 1, displaced through a small angle θ, will oscillate back and forth about its equilibrium position with period T . T is the time the pendulum takes to make one complete back-and-forth motion. The bob is hung from a rigid support on a string of length L .Figure 1: The simple pendulum.For oscillations where the angle θ is small, the period T is related to the length L of the string and the gravitation constant g byT L g=2πSquaring both sides of this equation yieldsTL g224=πIf one measures the period of a pendulum as a function of the length of the string, then a plot of T 2 as a function of L will yield a straight line with a gradient G ; andg G=42πExperimental MethodA simple pendulum was produced from a length of string and a fishing sinker. The sinker was displaced through an angle less than 10 degrees and released. For five different lengths of string between 23 and 100 cm, the period of oscillation wasmeasured. In each measurement, the pendulum was allowed to oscillate 50 times. The total time for 50 oscillations was measured with a stopwatch, and the period was calculated by dividing the total time for 50 oscillations by 50. The stopwatchmeasures time to 0.01 seconds. However, it is estimated that the total reaction time of the experimenter was 0.2 seconds. Thus the uncertainty of any original measurement of time was taken to be 0.2 seconds. With a metre rule, the length of the string was measured to the nearest millimetre. The length of the string was measured from the support to the centre of the bob.Results and CalculationsTable 1 shows the results of the experiment, and the plot of T 2 versus L is given in figure 2.Table 1: Pendulum data.The uncertainty in each measurement of length is 0.001 m. The uncertainty in each measurement of time for 50 oscillations, δT 1 is 0.2 s. Thus the uncertainty in any measurement of the period isδδT T ===15002500004..s sThe period is squared prior to plotting. The relative uncertainty in the period squared is twice the relative uncertainty in the period:δδ().T TT TT2220008==sString Length (m) Time for 50 oscillations (s)Time T for one oscillation (s) Period squared (s 2)0.975 97.3 1.95 3.80 0.812 88.7 1.77 3.13 0.597 75.6 1.51 2.28 0.411 61.9 1.24 1.54 0.235 45.9 0.918 0.843Solving for δT ,δδδ()()(.T TTTT T T22220008===s)Thus the uncertainty in T 2 is proportional to T . The largest data point is forT 2 = 3.80 s 2. The uncertainty in this datum is δ()(.(.).T 22000819500156==s)s s . The maximum uncertainty in T 2 is thus 0.4 %. The error bars associated with T 2 are too small to plot on a graph. Similarly, the error bars associated with L are also too small to plot on the graph.00.511.522.533.540.2350.4110.5970.8120.975length (m)T 2Figure 2: Plot of T 2as a function of L .A straight line fits the data well. The gradient of the line of best fit can be calculated fromG ==--==rise runsmsms m(..)(..).../3505009001430076395222andg G===44s mm /s22ππ39599922./.To work out the uncertainty in the gradient, an alternative line of best fit was selected, and its gradient is given byG alt smsms m=--==(..)(..).../375250095064125031403222The uncertainty in G is the difference of these 2 gradients:δG G G =±-=±-±()(..)//alt s m =0.08s m 40339522The percent uncertainty in G , and thus in g isδδG Gg g===0083952..%Thus the experimentally determined value of the gravitation constant is g = 9.99 m/s 2 ± 2 %.DiscussionThe accepted value 1 of g is 9.81 m/s 2. The accuracy of the results isaccuracy m sm sobserved expectedexpected=-=-=+g g g (..)/./%999981981222The experimentally determined value of g agrees with the accepted value to within the experimental uncertainty. Thus this experiment was a successful and accurate determination of g , even with the simple apparatus.The bob used in this experiment is in the shape of a triangular wedge. The centre of mass was estimated (guessed) for the bob, and the length of the string wasconsistently measured to that point. The accuracy of the length of the string did not matter in this experiment so long as the length was always measured in the same way. The gravitation constant was determined from the change in T 2 as L changed. This change is static, regardless of where the end of the string was taken to be. Any errors in estimating where the string ended will merely shift the plot up or down. It will not affect the gradient. An interesting further experiment would be to collect more data points for small L , and see if the plotted data pass through the origin.Another interesting investigation would be to perform the experiment for large angles of displacement θ. The theory assumes that this angle is small. Further experiments could investigate how the determination of g in this technique is affected by an increasing angle of displacement.ConclusionBy means of a simple pendulum, the value of the gravitation constant was determined to be g = 9.99 m/s 2 ± 2 %. This agreed with the accepted value, 9.81 m/s 2, to within the experimental uncertainty.References1. Deakin University (1997), SEP101 Unit Guide .2. Halliday, D., Resnick, R., and Walker, J. (1993), Fundamentals of Physics , 4th edn(extended), John Wiley & Sons, New York. 3. Ohanian, H.C. (1994), Principles of Physics , Norton, New York.1Halliday, Resnick and Walker give g to one decimal place: g = 9.8 m/s 2. However, Ohanian gives it to two decimal places: g = 9.81 m/s 2.。
机械振动——简谐运动的基本概念2
两边对时间求导，得
1 dv 1 dx m ⋅ 2v + k ⋅ 2 x =0 2 dt 2 dt
即
m⋅v
d 2x + k ⋅ xv = 0 dt 2 d 2x k + x=0 dt 2 m
令ω ＝
2
k ，则 m d 2x +ω2x = 0 2 dt
其解为
x = A′ cos(ωt + ϕ )
代入守恒方程可得 A=A’ 例 2．劲度系数为 k、原长为 l、质量为 m 的匀质弹簧，一端固定，另一端系一 质量为 M 的物体，在光滑的水平面上作直线运动，求其运动方程。
v A＝ x + 0 ω
2 0
2
二、能量平均值 定义：一个随时间变化的物理量 f(t)，在时间 T 内的平均值定义为
114
机械振动——简谐振动的基本概念
f =
1 f (t )dt T∫ 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 ∫ 2 mA ω sin (ωt + ϕ )dt = 4 mA ω = 4 kA T 0 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 ∫ 2 kA cos (ωt + ϕ )dt = 4 kA = 4 mA ω T 0
113
机械振动——简谐振动的基本概念
简谐运动的能量
单摆实验英文报告
THE SIMPLE PENDULUM: A CLASSIC CASE STUDY The purpose of the simple pendulum is to research the factors of period and measure the period. In order to do this experiment, we should prepare for some materials include some different pendulum bobs with different mass, a long pendulum string, a pencil, a mobile phone with a stopwatch, a ruler and aninclinometer. Our team chooses an iron bob and a copper bob. We think the heavier bobs can help us finish this experiment. Of course, it doesn’t have a work. Firstly, we make the long string through the copper bob, and tie the bob. Then, we put the string around the pencil, so we can control the length of string optionally. Lastly, we put the pencil on the side of the table. A simple pendulum apparatus is finished.After finishing the apparatus, we started to do the experiment. What are factors will influence the period? There will be three factors: the angle between the original position of string and upright, the mass of bob and the length of pendulum string. Therefore, we control the incidence angle is 30 degrees and the length of pendulum string is 20 centimeters in the first experiment. When one member releases the copper bob from the original position, another member starts the stopwatch. After the bob finishes 30 cycles, the member stops the stopwatch right now. The number on the screen is the time for 30 cycles. Then we change the angle and length and bob torepeat the steps we finished just now. When we finish all the steps, we have some different records, and we draw a chart for the records.This is the chart.Now, we should analyze these data. First of all, we look at the number 1 to number 5. We just use a copper bob. In other word, we can’t change the mass of pendulum bob. From number 1 to 3, only the angle is changed. When we change another bob, the time has no change. We can say that maybe the angle is not the factor, but we should have a father analysis. Compared number 3, number 4 and number 5, we find that the time changes with the changing of length of bob. So, we can have aconclusion that the length of bob is one of the factors. At present, we will explore the connection between the mass and period. So we keep the angle and length constant and change the bob, an iron bob. Taking the data of number 3 and number 6 together, we can obviously see the time is same (just has a little difference). We also could put number 2 and 7 or number 1 and 8 together, the time is not change. From the above analysis, we may have a conclusion only the length of string is the factor which can change the period of the simple pendulum. In order to let us have a clearer feeling, we draw some graphs.In the process of analyzing data, we notice that the data should be same rather than similar. Why is the time different？the reason is that this experiment has random error. When we do this experiment, we just stop the stopwatch by our feeling. We can’t stop the stopwatch accurately when the bob arrives at the original position. In addition, we also can’t start the stopwatch accurately. As a result, we will choose to measure the total elapsed time for 30 full cycles, and then, figure out the time for each swing cycle. It is the period we want to research. When the little ball comes back tothe original position, at the time, the ball is resting. But you can’t see the ball didn’t move in you eyes or your feeling. So you can’t stop the chronograph at that time accurately. Hence the data is not very accurate. In other words, the error is much bigger. If you choose to measure the 30 cycles’ time, you can reduce the error as far as possible.In the end, we should give a conclusion for this experiment. The period is influenced by the length of pendulum string. For the farther, we can also find out that an expression about the period: T = k*L^1/2. The k is a constant number which not affected by this experiment. If we want to determine the number, we should have more experiments. After the experiment, we do an evaluation. Because this experiment has random error, we ought to be very careful and patient. We measure the length and angle correctly, record the time precisely. Of course, lots of experiment can enhance the degree of accuracy the result.。
9-3 单摆与复摆
A
FT
O
l
转 动 正 向 m
g
J ml P
2
第九章 振动
挂灯与摆钟
9-3-1 (受力和力矩两种分析方法) (1) 摆长为2m的单摆频率为多少？ (2) 假定单摆的振幅很小，将它放在以加速度2.0 m/ s 2 向上运动的电梯中，其频率为多少？
1 1 (1) v T 2 g 0.35Hz
9-3 单摆和复摆(Simple Pendulum and Compound Pendulum)
复摆(物理摆)
一个质量分布复杂，形状任意的实 际物体，摆动是否也进行简谐运动？ 如果是，它的周期又是多少呢？
转动正向 O
1、 0点为支点，C点为复摆的质心， 为支点与质心的距离
l *
C
2、O点为平衡位置，定义正方向 3、 受力分析得运动方程
3、对单摆做受力分析：总力矩=惯性力力矩+重力矩
M ma cos( 0 ) mg sin( 0 ) 2 d M J m 2 2 ma cos( 0 ) mg sin( 0 ) dt 4、数学分析： sin( 0 ) sin cos0 cos sin 0
(2) 平衡位置 0 =0, 将单摆离开平衡位置x处
T cos ma mg d 2x T sin m 2 dt 1
T ma mg x d 2x T m 2 dt
d 2x a g 2 x0 dt
v
1 ag 2 =0.386Hz
cos( 0 ) cos cos 0 sin sin 0
sin ;cos 1;sin 0
a a2 g 2
单摆运动微分方程求解
单摆运动微分方程求解## English Response:The equation of motion for a simple pendulum is a second-order nonlinear differential equation. It is given by:$$m l \frac{d^2 \theta}{dt^2} = -m g \sin \theta$$。
where:$m$ is the mass of the pendulum.$l$ is the length of the pendulum.$g$ is the acceleration due to gravity.$\theta$ is the angle of the pendulum from the vertical.This equation can be solved using a variety of methods,including:Analytical methods: These methods involve finding an exact solution to the equation of motion. One common analytical method is to use the separation of variables method.Numerical methods: These methods involve using a computer to approximate the solution to the equation of motion. One common numerical method is to use the Runge-Kutta method.In this example, we will use the separation ofvariables method to find the analytical solution to the equation of motion. The first step is to separate the variables in the equation of motion:$$m l \frac{d^2 \theta}{dt^2} = -m g \sin \theta$$。
大学物理单词
大学物理单词汇集oscillation/vibration 振动spring 弹簧oscillator 振子pendulum 单摆compound pendulum 复合摆damp 阻尼resonance 共振friction 摩擦力equilibrium position 平衡位置restoring force 回复力driving force 驱动力amplitude 振幅period 周期frequency 频率angular frequency 角频率instric properties 固有属性simple harmonic motion（SHM）简谐振动be proportional（directly）to 与…成正比interference 干涉diffraction 衍射reflection 反射refraction 折射wavelength 波长wedge 劈尖intensity 强度coherent wave 相干波transmission 透过boundary 边界mechanical waves 机械波phase difference 相位差standing waves 驻波traveling waves 行波crest（peak）波峰trough（valley）波谷transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波identical frequency 相同的频率interference of waves 波的干涉destructive interference 相消干涉constructive interference 相涨干涉wave path difference 波程差optical path difference 光程差half—wavelength loss 半波损失Huygen’s Principle 惠更斯原理Double-slit Interference 杨氏双缝干涉optics 光学geometric optics 几何光学physical optics 物理光学wave optics 波动光学quantum optics 粒子光学polarization 偏振wave surface 波面wave line 波线wave front 波前spherical wave 球面波plane wave 平面波wavelet 子波isotropic 各项同性instant 时刻incident 入射的normal line 法线double slit 双缝bright fringe 明纹dark fringe 暗纹Newton’s ring 牛顿环adjacent 相邻的equal inclination interference 等倾干涉equal thickness interference 等厚干涉high-resolution 高精度resolution 分辨率overlap 重叠grating 光栅fixed 固定的(确定的)secondary maxima 次极大diffraction angle 衍射角grating constant 光栅常数grating function 光栅方程diffraction grating 衍射光栅transmission grating 透射光栅reflection grating 反射光栅missing order of diffraction grating 光栅的缺级TEM 透射电子显微镜SEM 隧道扫瞄电子显微镜unpolarized light 非偏振光polarized light 偏振光natural light 自然光crystal 晶体Polaroid sheet/ polarizer 起偏片analyzer 检偏器vertical 垂直的polarization 偏振completely polarized light 完全偏振光partly polarized light 部分偏振光ellipse/circle polarized light 椭圆/圆偏振光polarization of light 光的偏振a stack of glass plates 玻璃片堆quantum 量子blackbody 黑体anode 阳极cathode 阴极photon 光子atom 原子exert 施加linear 线性的eject 激发illuminate 使照亮radiation 辐射electric field 电场ammeter 电流表photoelectron 光电子circuit 电路hypothesis 假设/假说instantaneity 瞬时性undulatory property 波动性corpuscular property 粒子性atomatic spectra 原子光谱absorption spectra 吸收光谱emission spectra 发射光谱photoelectric effect 光电效应thermal radiation 热辐射electromagnetic wave 电磁波photoelectric current 光电流absolute temperature 绝对温度cut-off voltage 截止电压work function 逸出功/功函数cut-off frequency 截止频率conservation of energy 能量守恒angular momentum 角动量conservation of momentum 动量守恒main quantum number 主量子数ionization energy 电离能excited state 激发态high energy state/higher state 高能态Thermal radiation in equilibrium 平衡热辐射The supposition of stationary state 定态假设The Uncertainty Principle 不确定关系/测不准原理The condition of orbital quantization 轨道量子化条件人名对照表。
老式摆钟的作文介绍英语
老式摆钟的作文介绍英语Title: The Elegant Charm of a Vintage Pendulum Clock。
In the realm of timekeeping, few objects possess the timeless elegance and sophistication of a vintage pendulum clock. These ornate timepieces, with their intricate mechanisms and rhythmic swings, serve not only as functional devices but also as captivating pieces of art that embody a bygone era. Let us embark on a journey to explore the allure and significance of these historical treasures.First and foremost, the craftsmanship of a vintage pendulum clock is unparalleled. Each component, meticulously handcrafted by skilled artisans, contributes to the clock's overall beauty and functionality. From the intricately designed dial to the delicate hands that gracefully glide across its surface, every detail reflects the dedication and precision of its creators.One cannot overlook the mesmerizing motion of the pendulum, which serves as the heartbeat of the clock. As it swings back and forth with hypnotic regularity, it symbolizes the relentless passage of time, reminding us of the transient nature of our existence. The rhythmic sound of its movement, accompanied by the gentle ticking of the clock, creates a sense of calm and serenity in any environment.Moreover, a vintage pendulum clock is not merely a timekeeping device but also a symbol of tradition and heritage. Passed down through generations, these heirlooms carry with them the stories and memories of those who have owned them before. Each scratch and imperfection tells a tale of a life well-lived, adding to the clock's character and charm.In addition to their aesthetic appeal, vintage pendulum clocks also hold practical value. Despite the advancements in modern technology, they continue to function with remarkable accuracy, proving their reliability and durability over time. Their mechanical movements, devoid ofelectronic components, offer a sense of nostalgia and authenticity that cannot be replicated by digital timepieces.Furthermore, owning a vintage pendulum clock is akin to owning a piece of history. These time-honored relics have witnessed the passage of time through centuries, standing as silent witnesses to the events and milestones of human civilization. Whether displayed in a grand hall or a humble abode, they evoke a sense of nostalgia for a simpler era while transcending the boundaries of time and space.In conclusion, a vintage pendulum clock is much more than a mere timekeeping device; it is a testament to the ingenuity, craftsmanship, and enduring appeal of the past. As we admire its intricate design and marvel at its mechanical precision, let us not forget the stories it carries and the memories it preserves. In a world driven by fleeting trends and disposable goods, these timeless treasures serve as a poignant reminder of the beauty and significance of the past.As we bid farewell to this exploration of the elegant charm of vintage pendulum clocks, let us carry with us a newfound appreciation for these historical artifacts and the enduring legacy they represent.。
弹簧摆.doc
弹簧摆主题展厅：探索与发现展项名称：弹簧摆1、展示内容、原理、目的本展项通过竖直方向的振动与水平方向的扭动的运动形式和能量的转换，介绍弹簧摆产生此现象的基本原理。
悬挂一个弹簧，弹簧末端系一质量为m的物块，这就构成了一个弹簧摆，这时只要用力轻轻地向下拉物块，弹簧就会上下振动起来。
如果适当选择弹簧的长度，物块质量m，及弹簧倔强系数K（表示弹簧伸长单位长度强力的大小），我们就可以做成一个极为有趣的弹簧摆：当用力在垂直方向拉弹簧，弹簧开始作竖直方向的来回振动，成为一个弹簧振子。
但它的振幅会逐渐减少，并同时开始左右摆动，摆动幅度越来越大，即弹簧振子的振动逐渐过渡到摆的摆动。
之后，单摆的摆动又会转化为弹簧振子的上下振动，如此反复地振动、摆动、振动……不停地转换，这是什么原因呢？原来，适当选择摆长l，振子质量m、倔强系数K后，可以使得摆动周期与振子振荡周期相等，这时，振子振动时能量就可以从振动转变为摆动，又能从摆动转变为振动。
因而物块m既可作为弹簧振子，又可作为摆的摆锤。
这里弹簧起到了能量转换缓冲器的作用。
一旦一种形式的运动开始，能量即通过弹簧的张力从这种形式的运动转换到另一种形式的运动，直到这种形式运动的能量全部传递完为止，然后又开始通过弹簧反方向传递，相应物质的运动也即从一种形式过渡到另一种形式。
2、彩色三维效果图3、展示和操作方式本展项和“共振秋千”、“龙形摆”组成运动之律展区中的振动分主题。
展项从振动中最基础的概念——频率出发，介绍共振，以及共振中的能量转换。
使参与者对振动的认识有一个清晰的脉络。
“龙形摆”通过一组摆长不同的小球介绍振动中最基础的频率的概念，以及对于最常见机械振动——单摆来讲，影响振动频率的因素是什么？“共振秋千”通过一个原理实验类展品和一个观众体验类展品，使观众从多角度了解共振这个科学内容。
“弹簧摆”以看似神奇的现象介绍共振中产生的能量间的转换。
本分主题使观众在参与、操作和体验过程中对振动的最重要概念——频率和共振，由浅入深，有清晰的认识和了解。
高二英语物理现象与科学原理单选题50题
高二英语物理现象与科学原理单选题50题1. When you see a rainbow in the sky, it is mainly due to which physical phenomenon?A. ReflectionB. RefractionC. DiffractionD. Interference答案：B。
解析：彩虹出现在天空主要是由于折射现象。
当阳光穿过雨滴时，光线发生折射，将太阳光分解成不同颜色，从而形成彩虹。
Reflection是反射，主要涉及光线遇到物体表面返回的现象；Diffraction是衍射，一般指波在遇到障碍物或小孔时发生的弯曲现象；Interference是干涉，是两列或多列波叠加形成新的波形的现象，均不符合彩虹形成的原理。
2. In the experiment of pushing a box on a flat surface, if the box moves at a constant speed, which force is equal to the pushing force?A. GravityB. FrictionC. Elastic forceD. Magnetic force答案：B。
解析：当在平面上推动箱子并使其匀速运动时，根据牛顿第二定律，推力与摩擦力大小相等、方向相反。
Gravity是重力，方向竖直向下，与水平方向的推力和摩擦力无关；Elastic force是弹力，在此场景中没有涉及弹性物体产生弹力；Magnetic force是磁力，该场景不存在磁场，没有磁力的作用。
3. A mirror can form an image. What kind of physical phenomenon is this mainly based on?A. DispersionB. ReflectionC. AbsorptionD. Polarization答案：B。
单摆实验英文报告
THE SIMPLE PENDULUM: A CLASSIC CASE STUDY The purpose of the simple pendulum is to research the factors of period and measure the period. In order to do this experiment, we should prepare for some materials include some different pendulum bobs with different mass, a long pendulum string, a pencil, a mobile phone with a stopwatch, a ruler and aninclinometer. Our team chooses an iron bob and a copper bob. We think the heavier bobs can help us finish this experiment. Of course, it doesn’t have a work. Firstly, we make the long string through the copper bob, and tie the bob. Then, we put the string around the pencil, so we can control the length of string optionally. Lastly, we put the pencil on the side of the table. A simple pendulum apparatus is finished.After finishing the apparatus, we started to do the experiment. What are factors will influence the period? There will be three factors: the angle between the original position of string and upright, the mass of bob and the length of pendulum string. Therefore, we control the incidence angle is 30 degrees and the length of pendulum string is 20 centimeters in the first experiment. When one member releases the copper bob from the original position, another member starts the stopwatch. After the bob finishes 30 cycles, the member stops the stopwatch right now. The number on the screen is the time for 30 cycles. Then we change the angle and length and bob torepeat the steps we finished just now. When we finish all the steps, we have some different records, and we draw a chart for the records.This is the chart.Now, we should analyze these data. First of all, we look at the number 1 to number 5. We just use a copper bob. In other word, we can’t change the mass of pendulum bob. From number 1 to 3, only the angle is changed. When we change another bob, the time has no change. We can say that maybe the angle is not the factor, but we should have a father analysis. Compared number 3, number 4 and number 5, we find that the time changes with the changing of length of bob. So, we can have aconclusion that the length of bob is one of the factors. At present, we will explore the connection between the mass and period. So we keep the angle and length constant and change the bob, an iron bob. Taking the data of number 3 and number 6 together, we can obviously see the time is same (just has a little difference). We also could put number 2 and 7 or number 1 and 8 together, the time is not change. From the above analysis, we may have a conclusion only the length of string is the factor which can change the period of the simple pendulum. In order to let us have a clearer feeling, we draw some graphs.In the process of analyzing data, we notice that the data should be same rather than similar. Why is the time different？the reason is that this experiment has random error. When we do this experiment, we just stop the stopwatch by our feeling. We can’t stop the stopwatch accurately when the bob arrives at the original position. In addition, we also can’t start the stopwatch accurately. As a result, we will choose to measure the total elapsed time for 30 full cycles, and then, figure out the time for each swing cycle. It is the period we want to research. When the little ball comes back tothe original position, at the time, the ball is resting. But you can’t see the ball didn’t move in you eyes or your feeling. So you can’t stop the chronograph at that time accurately. Hence the data is not very accurate. In other words, the error is much bigger. If you choose to measure the 30 cycles’ time, you can reduce the error as far as possible.In the end, we should give a conclusion for this experiment. The period is influenced by the length of pendulum string. For the farther, we can also find out that an expression about the period: T = k*L^1/2. The k is a constant number which not affected by this experiment. If we want to determine the number, we should have more experiments. After the experiment, we do an evaluation. Because this experiment has random error, we ought to be very careful and patient. We measure the length and angle correctly, record the time precisely. Of course, lots of experiment can enhance the degree of accuracy the result.。
非线性物理1-2(单摆、庞加莱映射)
x " (t ) Ae
F
i t
x " (t )
F
代入、 以后特解为：
e i e i( t )
x " (t )
( 2 2 )2 4 2 2
cos( t tg1
2 ) 2 2
非齐次线性微分方程的通解 x(t ) x' x"
3. 初识单摆的复杂运动
数值计算结果
3. 初识单摆的复杂运动
数值计算结果
3. 初识单摆的复杂运动
数值计算结果
2 F = 1.093 附近做准周期运动： a.当驱动力继续上升时 , 相轨线偏离闭 合的单周期轨道，复杂化起来。 b.在F = 1.093时相图上，相轨线虽在 [-p,p] 的单摆势谷来回环绕，但始终无 法达到周期重复状态。 c. 在庞加莱截面上，相点处于一条曲 线上，可以认定系统处于准周期状态 （接近正确的周期运动）。 d. 庞加莱截面上的图形与所取截面的 位置(即相角)有关。
驱动力写成指数
d 2x dx 2 i t 2 x Fe dt 2 dt
这是非齐次线性微分方程, 其通解是它的齐次线性方程的通解和 它的一个特解的和 x (t ) x ' (t ) x " (t ) 1. 齐次方程的通解: t x ' ( t ) A e cos( t ) 类似线性阻尼单摆，得： 0
庞加莱映射。
2.庞加莱映射
庞加莱截面与轨线运动
单周期运动，轨线每次重复地运行在原有轨道上，它总是在 截面的同一位置穿过，截面上只留下一个点。两倍周期运动，每 个周期内相轨线两在不同位置穿过，截面上留下两个点；四周期 运动，每个周期内相轨线四次在不同位置穿过，截面上就留下四 个点；推广到无周期运动，截面上将出现留下无穷多点。
单摆英文笔记
单摆英文笔记1.A Determination Of Vibrating Circulations Of Si mple Pendulum With Current Counters Of Computers;用电脑通用计数器测定单摆摆动周期2.But I Shall Be At A Complete Loss If I Shou ld Be Called Upon To Write Exclusively About Peiping.让我单摆浮搁的讲一套北平，我没办法。
3.An Alternative Approach Using Pendulums And Das hpots Is Often Used.叠代法中往往使用单摆和冲击板。
ment On 《Approximate Formula For The Period Of A Simple Pendulum》;对《一个单摆周期近似公式》一文的讨论5.Exact Analysis Of Single Pendulum By Jacobi El lipse Function;利用Jacobi椭圆函数精确分析单摆的运动6.From Pendulum To Chaos-An Example Of Computer-A ided Instruction;从单摆到混沌——计算机辅助教学一例7.Perturbation Approximative Method Of Nonlinear M otion Equation Of A Simple Pendulum;单摆非线性运动方程的微扰近似解法8.A Solution Of A Revolving Single Pendulum UsIng Jacobi Elliptic Function“旋转单摆”的Jacobi椭圆函数解9.The Applications Of The Slow Swing Method To The Simple Pendulum慢变振幅法在研究单摆运动中的应用10.Determining The Acceleration Of Gravity With S imple Pendulum用单摆测重力加速度——摆球的大小对测量结果的影响。
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16
The extending knowledge
Newton cardle
The candle in motion.
Newton's cradle five-ball system in 3D two-ball swing
Application
• The most common application is that of a desktop executive toy. Another use is as an educational physics demonstration, as an example of conservation of
PART 02
Simple Pendulum
6
Simple Pendulum
Definition
A simple pendulum is an idealized model consisting of a point mass (I=ml^2)suspended by a massless, unstretchable string. When the point mass is pulled to one side of its straight-down equilibrium position and released, it oscillates about the equilibrium position.
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Equation
Now the figure shows a pendulum of mass m and length L displaced slightly from equilibrium. The gravitational force exerts a torque given by
where the torque is
and the relevant moment of inertia is that about the point of suspension. The resulting equation of motion is:
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Physical pendulum
This is identical in form to the equation for the simple pendulum and yields a period
Solve the equation, we can get
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Analogy
Let us make an analogy between A simple pendulum with simple harmonic motion
A simple pendulum
M=-mglsinθ M=Iβ
simple harmonic motion
Foucault Pendulum
Introduction
• The Foucault pendulum , or Foucault's
pendulum, named after the French physicist Léon
Foucault, is a simple device conceived as an experiment to demonstrate therotation of the
where the minus sign indicates that the torque tends to rotate the pendulum back toward equilibrium. The rotational analog of Newton’s law, ( for small angles , then sinθ=θ)
Earth. While it had long been known that the Earth
rotates, the introduction of the Foucault pendulum in 1851 was the first simple proof of the rotation in an easy-to-see experiment. Today, Foucault pendulums are popular displays in science museums and universities.[1]
Clock
Thank you!
synchronizers on early fighter
aircraft. Synchronization gear
Invention
• The largest cradle device in the world was designed by MythBusters and consisted of five one-ton concrete and steel rebar-filled buoys suspended from a steel truss.The buoys also had a steel plate inserted in between their two halves to act as a "contact point" for transferring the energy; this cradle device did not function well. A smaller scale version constructed by them consists of five 6 inches (15 cm) chrome steel ball bearings, each weighing 33 pounds (15 kg), and is nearly as efficient as a desktop model. • The cradle device with the largest diameter collision balls on public display, was on display for more than a year in Milwaukee, Wisconsin at retail store American Science and Surplus. Each ball was an inflatable exercise ball 26 inches (66 cm) in diameter (enclosed in cage of steel rings), and was supported from the ceiling using extremely strong magnets. It was dismantled in early August 2010 due to maintenance concerns.[
momentum and conservation of
energy. • A similar principle, the propagation
of waves in solids, was used in the
Constantinesco Synchronization gear system for propeller / gun
Introduction of
Our team
David
PART 01 Introduction & history
Doreen
PART 02 Simple pendulum
Yann
PART 03 Physical pendulum
Grace
PART 04 Application of pendulum & Newton pendulum
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2016/6/28
Introduction
Composition
•A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely.
Properties
•Period •amplitude
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About history
F = -kx F = ma
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PART 03
Physical Pendulum
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Physical pendulum
Hanging objects may be made to oscillate in a manner similar to a simple pendulum. The motion can be described by "Newton's 2nd law for rotation":
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Application
Jaw crusher（复摆颚式破碎机）
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Features and values