基于利用时钟芯片DS1302实现万年历,1602LCD显示电子表

电子设计大赛培训第二阶段第**组报告《基于利用时钟芯片DS1302实现万年历，1602LCD显示电子表》成员姓名：*** 学号：******成员姓名：HG** 学号：******成员姓名：*** 学号：*******一、主要功能1、在1602液晶上显示年、月、日、星期、时、分、秒以及实时温度，并且实时更新显示；2、通过按键随时调节各显示参数，分别实现光标定位、数值增大、数值减小、闹钟和温度上下限查看的功能；3.在时间出现乱码的情况下，具有一键初始化时间的功能。

二、电路图三、实物图1.开关模块2、显示模块3、at89c52模块4、总体连接图四、心得体会本次设计是我们遇到过的较大的设计，所以遇到的问题也比较的多，尤其是以前没有接触过如此复杂的硬件电路以及软件编程，在软、硬件设计和调试中遇到了不少的困难，在同学的帮助才逐一克服了难题，学习到了不少的专业知识。

在整个设计过程之前，我已经在网上找了相关方面的资料，万事开始难，一开始不知道从哪里下手。

后来慢慢学会分析系统，将系统模块化，各个模块可以在软件或者硬件上实现。

在确保各个模块的硬件电路和与之相搭配的程序能够正常工作后在把它们组成一个系统。

在今后的日子里，我会进一步加强自己的动手能力，丰富自己的知识面。

总之，这次设计给我的最大感触就是，在以后的学习中勤动脑，多动手。

附录：1、元件清单AT89C52 一块LCD 一个排阻 3个DS1302 一个DS18B20 一个开关 5个晶振 2个瓷片电容 2个， 30PF 电解电容一个， 33Uf 插针若干杜邦线若干2、程序#include <REG51.H>#include <intrins.h>//#include "LCD1602.h"//#include "DS1302.h"#define uint unsigned int#define uchar unsigned charsbit DS1302_CLK = P1^7; //实时时钟时钟线引脚sbit DS1302_IO = P1^6; //实时时钟数据线引脚sbit DS1302_RST = P1^5; //实时时钟复位线引脚sbit wireless_1 = P3^0;sbit wireless_2 = P3^1;sbit wireless_3 = P3^2;sbit wireless_4 = P3^3;sbit ACC0 = ACC^0;sbit ACC7 = ACC^7;char hide_sec,hide_min,hide_hour,hide_day,hide_week,hide_month,hide_year; //秒,分,时到日,月,年位闪的计数sbit Set = P2^0; //模式切换键sbit Up = P2^1; //加法按钮sbit Down = P2^2; //减法按钮sbit out = P2^3; //立刻跳出调整模式按钮sbit DQ = P1^0; //温度传送数据IO口char done,count,temp,flag,up_flag,down_flag;uchar temp_value; //温度值uchar TempBuffer[5],week_value[2];void show_time(); //液晶显示程序/***********1602液晶显示部分子程序****************///Port Definitions**********************************************************sbit LcdRs = P2^5;sbit LcdRw = P2^6;sbit LcdEn = P2^7;sfr DBPort = 0x80; //P0=0x80,P1=0x90,P2=0xA0,P3=0xB0.数据端口//内部等待函数**************************************************************************unsigned char LCD_Wait(void){LcdRs=0;LcdRw=1; _nop_();LcdEn=1; _nop_();LcdEn=0;return DBPort;}//向LCD写入命令或数据************************************************************ #define LCD_COMMAND 0 // Command#define LCD_DATA 1 // Data#define LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN 0x01 // 清屏#define LCD_HOMING 0x02 // 光标返回原点void LCD_Write(bit style, unsigned char input){LcdEn=0;LcdRs=style;LcdRw=0; _nop_();DBPort=input; _nop_();//注意顺序LcdEn=1; _nop_();//注意顺序LcdEn=0; _nop_();LCD_Wait();}//设置显示模式************************************************************ #define LCD_SHOW 0x04 //显示开#define LCD_HIDE 0x00 //显示关#define LCD_CURSOR 0x02 //显示光标#define LCD_NO_CURSOR 0x00 //无光标#define LCD_FLASH 0x01 //光标闪动#define LCD_NO_FLASH 0x00 //光标不闪动void LCD_SetDisplay(unsigned char DisplayMode){LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x08|DisplayMode);}//设置输入模式************************************************************ #define LCD_AC_UP 0x02#define LCD_AC_DOWN 0x00 // default#define LCD_MOVE 0x01 // 画面可平移#define LCD_NO_MOVE 0x00 //defaultvoid LCD_SetInput(unsigned char InputMode){LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x04|InputMode);}//初始化LCD************************************************************ void LCD_Initial(){LcdEn=0;LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x38); //8位数据端口,2行显示,5*7点阵LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x38);LCD_SetDisplay(LCD_SHOW|LCD_NO_CURSOR); //开启显示, 无光标LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN); //清屏LCD_SetInput(LCD_AC_UP|LCD_NO_MOVE); //AC递增, 画面不动}//液晶字符输入的位置************************void GotoXY(unsigned char x, unsigned char y){if(y==0)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|x);if(y==1)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|(x-0x40));}//将字符输出到液晶显示void Print(unsigned char *str){while(*str!='\0'){LCD_Write(LCD_DATA,*str);str++;}}/***********DS1302时钟部分子程序******************/ typedef struct __SYSTEMTIME__{unsigned char Second;unsigned char Minute;unsigned char Hour;unsigned char Week;unsigned char Day;unsigned char Month;unsigned char Year;unsigned char DateString[11];unsigned char TimeString[9];}SYSTEMTIME; //定义的时间类型SYSTEMTIME CurrentTime;#define AM(X) X#define PM(X) (X+12) // 转成24小时制#define DS1302_SECOND 0x80 //时钟芯片的寄存器位置,存放时间#define DS1302_MINUTE 0x82#define DS1302_HOUR 0x84#define DS1302_WEEK 0x8A#define DS1302_DAY 0x86#define DS1302_MONTH 0x88#define DS1302_YEAR 0x8Cvoid DS1302InputByte(unsigned char d) //实时时钟写入一字节(内部函数) {unsigned char i;ACC = d;for(i=8; i>0; i--){DS1302_IO = ACC0; //相当于汇编中的RRCDS1302_CLK = 1;DS1302_CLK = 0;ACC = ACC >> 1;}}unsigned char DS1302OutputByte(void) //实时时钟读取一字节(内部函数) {unsigned char i;for(i=8; i>0; i--){ACC = ACC >>1; //相当于汇编中的RRCACC7 = DS1302_IO;DS1302_CLK = 1;DS1302_CLK = 0;}return(ACC);}void Write1302(unsigned char ucAddr, unsigned char ucDa) //ucAddr: DS1302地址, ucData: 要写的数据DS1302_RST = 0;DS1302_CLK = 0;DS1302_RST = 1;DS1302InputByte(ucAddr); // 地址，命令DS1302InputByte(ucDa); // 写1Byte数据DS1302_CLK = 1;DS1302_RST = 0;}unsigned char Read1302(unsigned char ucAddr) //读取DS1302某地址的数据{unsigned char ucData;DS1302_RST = 0;DS1302_CLK = 0;DS1302_RST = 1;DS1302InputByte(ucAddr|0x01); // 地址，命令ucData = DS1302OutputByte(); // 读1Byte数据DS1302_CLK = 1;DS1302_RST = 0;return(ucData);void DS1302_GetTime(SYSTEMTIME *Time) //获取时钟芯片的时钟数据到自定义的结构型数组{unsigned char ReadValue;ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);Time->Second = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE);Time->Minute = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_HOUR);Time->Hour = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_DAY);Time->Day = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_WEEK);Time->Week = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_MONTH);Time->Month = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_YEAR);Time->Year = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);void DateToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time) //将时间年,月,日,星期数据转换成液晶显示字符串,放到数组里DateString[]{ if(hide_year<2) //这里的if,else语句都是判断位闪烁,<2显示数据,>2就不显示,输出字符串为2007/07/22{Time->DateString[0] = '2';Time->DateString[1] = '0';Time->DateString[2] = Time->Year/10 + '0';Time->DateString[3] = Time->Year%10 + '0';}else{Time->DateString[0] = ' ';Time->DateString[1] = ' ';Time->DateString[2] = ' ';Time->DateString[3] = ' ';}Time->DateString[4] = '/';if(hide_month<2){Time->DateString[5] = Time->Month/10 + '0';Time->DateString[6] = Time->Month%10 + '0';}else{Time->DateString[5] = ' ';Time->DateString[6] = ' ';}Time->DateString[7] = '/';if(hide_day<2){Time->DateString[8] = Time->Day/10 + '0';Time->DateString[9] = Time->Day%10 + '0';}else{Time->DateString[8] = ' ';Time->DateString[9] = ' ';}if(hide_week<2){week_value[0] = Time->Week%10 + '0'; //星期的数据另外放到week_value[]数组里,跟年,月,日的分开存放,因为等一下要在最后显示}else{week_value[0] = ' ';}week_value[1] = '\0';Time->DateString[10] = '\0'; //字符串末尾加'\0' ,判断结束字符}void TimeToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time) //将时,分,秒数据转换成液晶显示字符放到数组TimeString[];{ if(hide_hour<2){Time->TimeString[0] = Time->Hour/10 + '0';Time->TimeString[1] = Time->Hour%10 + '0';}else{Time->TimeString[0] = ' ';Time->TimeString[1] = ' ';}Time->TimeString[2] = ':';if(hide_min<2){Time->TimeString[3] = Time->Minute/10 + '0'; Time->TimeString[4] = Time->Minute%10 + '0'; }else{Time->TimeString[3] = ' ';Time->TimeString[4] = ' ';}Time->TimeString[5] = ':';if(hide_sec<2){Time->TimeString[6] = Time->Second/10 + '0'; Time->TimeString[7] = Time->Second%10 + '0'; }else{Time->TimeString[6] = ' ';Time->TimeString[7] = ' ';}Time->DateString[8] = '\0';}void Initial_DS1302(void) //时钟芯片初始化{unsigned char Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);if(Second&0x80) //判断时钟芯片是否关闭{Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许Write1302(0x8c,0x07); //以下写入初始化时间日期:07/07/25.星期: 3. 时间: 23:59:55Write1302(0x88,0x07);Write1302(0x86,0x25);Write1302(0x8a,0x07);Write1302(0x84,0x23);Write1302(0x82,0x59);Write1302(0x80,0x55);Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入}}/***********ds18b20子程序*************************//***********ds18b20延迟子函数（晶振12MHz ）*******/void delay_18B20(unsigned int i){while(i--);}/**********ds18b20初始化函数**********************/void Init_DS18B20(void){unsigned char x=0;DQ = 1; //DQ复位delay_18B20(8); //稍做延时DQ = 0; //单片机将DQ拉低delay_18B20(80); //精确延时大于480usDQ = 1; //拉高总线delay_18B20(14);x=DQ; //稍做延时后如果x=0则初始化成功x=1则初始化失败delay_18B20(20);}/***********ds18b20读一个字节**************/unsigned char ReadOneChar(void){uchar i=0;uchar dat = 0;for (i=8;i>0;i--){DQ = 0; // 给脉冲信号dat>>=1;DQ = 1; // 给脉冲信号if(DQ)dat|=0x80;delay_18B20(4);}return(dat);}/*************ds18b20写一个字节****************/void WriteOneChar(uchar dat){unsigned char i=0;for (i=8; i>0; i--){DQ = 0;DQ = dat&0x01;delay_18B20(5);DQ = 1;dat>>=1;}}/**************读取ds18b20当前温度************/void ReadTemp(void){unsigned char a=0;unsigned char b=0;unsigned char t=0;Init_DS18B20();WriteOneChar(0xCC); // 跳过读序号列号的操作WriteOneChar(0x44); // 启动温度转换delay_18B20(100); // this message is wery importantInit_DS18B20();WriteOneChar(0xCC); //跳过读序号列号的操作WriteOneChar(0xBE); //读取温度寄存器等（共可读9个寄存器）前两个就是温度delay_18B20(100);a=ReadOneChar(); //读取温度值低位b=ReadOneChar(); //读取温度值高位temp_value=b<<4;temp_value+=(a&0xf0)>>4;}void temp_to_str() //温度数据转换成液晶字符显示{TempBuffer[0]=temp_value/10+'0'; //十位TempBuffer[1]=temp_value%10+'0'; //个位TempBuffer[2]=0xdf; //温度符号TempBuffer[3]='C';TempBuffer[4]='\0';}void Delay1ms(unsigned int count){unsigned int i,j;for(i=0;i<count;i++)for(j=0;j<120;j++);}/*延时子程序*/void mdelay(uint delay){ uint i;for(;delay>0;delay--){for(i=0;i<62;i++) //1ms延时.{;}}}void outkey() //跳出调整模式,返回默认显示{ uchar Second;if(out==0||wireless_1==1){ mdelay(8);count=0;hide_sec=0,hide_min=0,hide_hour=0,hide_day=0,hide_week=0,hide_mont h=0,hide_year=0;Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许Write1302(0x80,Second&0x7f);Write1302(0x8E,0x80); //禁止写入done=0;while(out==0);while(wireless_1==1);}}////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////void Upkey()//升序按键{Up=1;if(Up==0||wireless_2==1){mdelay(8);switch(count){case 1:temp=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); //读取秒数temp=temp+1; //秒数加1up_flag=1; //数据调整后更新标志if((temp&0x7f)>0x59) //超过59秒,清零temp=0;break;case 2:temp=Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE); //读取分数temp=temp+1; //分数加1up_flag=1;if(temp>0x59) //超过59分,清零temp=0;break;case 3:temp=Read1302(DS1302_HOUR); //读取小时数temp=temp+1; //小时数加1up_flag=1;if(temp>0x23) //超过23小时,清零temp=0;break;case 4:temp=Read1302(DS1302_WEEK); //读取星期数temp=temp+1; //星期数加1up_flag=1;if(temp>0x7)temp=1;break;case 5:temp=Read1302(DS1302_DAY); //读取日数temp=temp+1; //日数加1up_flag=1;if(temp>0x31)temp=1;break;case 6:temp=Read1302(DS1302_MONTH); //读取月数temp=temp+1; //月数加1up_flag=1;if(temp>0x12)temp=1;break;case 7:temp=Read1302(DS1302_YEAR); //读取年数temp=temp+1; //年数加1up_flag=1;if(temp>0x85)temp=0;break;default:break;}while(Up==0);while(wireless_2==1);}}////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////void Downkey()//降序按键{Down=1;if(Down==0||wireless_3==1){mdelay(8);switch(count){case 1:temp=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); //读取秒数temp=temp-1; //秒数减1down_flag=1; //数据调整后更新标志if(temp==0x7f) //小于0秒,返回59秒temp=0x59;break;case 2:temp=Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE); //读取分数temp=temp-1; //分数减1down_flag=1;if(temp==-1)temp=0x59; //小于0秒,返回59秒break;case 3:temp=Read1302(DS1302_HOUR); //读取小时数temp=temp-1; //小时数减1down_flag=1;if(temp==-1)temp=0x23;break;case 4:temp=Read1302(DS1302_WEEK); //读取星期数temp=temp-1; //星期数减1down_flag=1;if(temp==0)temp=0x7;;break;case 5:temp=Read1302(DS1302_DAY); //读取日数temp=temp-1; //日数减1down_flag=1;if(temp==0)temp=31;break;case 6:temp=Read1302(DS1302_MONTH); //读取月数temp=temp-1; //月数减1down_flag=1;if(temp==0)temp=12;break;case 7:temp=Read1302(DS1302_YEAR); //读取年数temp=temp-1; //年数减1down_flag=1;if(temp==-1)temp=0x85;break;default:break;}while(Down==0);while(wireless_3==1);}}void Setkey()//模式选择按键{Set=1;if(Set==0||wireless_4==1){mdelay(8);count=count+1; //Setkey按一次,count就加1done=1; //进入调整模式while(Set==0);while(wireless_4==1);}}void keydone()//按键功能执行{ uchar Second;if(flag==0) //关闭时钟,停止计时{ Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许temp=Read1302(0x80);Write1302(0x80,temp|0x80);Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入flag=1;}Setkey(); //扫描模式切换按键switch(count){case 1:do //count=1,调整秒{outkey(); //扫描跳出按钮Upkey(); //扫描加按钮Downkey(); //扫描减按钮if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1) //数据更新，重新写入新的数据{Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许Write1302(0x80,temp|0x80); //写入新的秒数Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入down_flag=0;}hide_sec++; //位闪计数if(hide_sec>3)hide_sec=0;show_time(); //液晶显示数据}while(count==2);break;case 2:do //count=2,调整分{hide_sec=0;outkey();Upkey();Downkey();if(temp>0x60)temp=0;if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1){Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许Write1302(0x82,temp); //写入新的分数Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入down_flag=0;}hide_min++;if(hide_min>3)hide_min=0;show_time();}while(count==3);break;case 3:do //count=3,调整小时{hide_min=0;outkey();Upkey();Downkey();if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1){Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许Write1302(0x84,temp); //写入新的小时数Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入up_flag=0;down_flag=0;}hide_hour++;if(hide_hour>3)hide_hour=0;show_time();}while(count==4);break;case 4:do //count=4,调整星期{hide_hour=0;outkey();Upkey();Downkey();if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1){Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许Write1302(0x8a,temp); //写入新的星期数Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入up_flag=0;down_flag=0;}hide_week++;if(hide_week>3)hide_week=0;show_time();}while(count==5);break;case 5:do //count=5,调整日{hide_week=0;outkey();Upkey();Downkey();if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1){Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许Write1302(0x86,temp); //写入新的日数Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入up_flag=0;down_flag=0;}hide_day++;if(hide_day>3)hide_day=0;show_time();}while(count==6);break;case 6:do //count=6,调整月{hide_day=0;outkey();Upkey();Downkey();if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1){Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许Write1302(0x88,temp); //写入新的月数Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入up_flag=0;down_flag=0;}hide_month++;if(hide_month>3)hide_month=0;show_time();}while(count==7);break;case 7:do //count=7,调整年{hide_month=0;outkey();Upkey();Downkey();if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1){Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许Write1302(0x8c,temp); //写入新的年数Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入up_flag=0;down_flag=0;}hide_year++;if(hide_year>3)hide_year=0;show_time();}while(count==8);break;case 8: count=0;hide_year=0; //count8, 跳出调整模式,返回默认显示状态Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许Write1302(0x80,Second&0x7f);Write1302(0x8E,0x80); //禁止写入done=0;break; //count=7,开启中断,标志位置0并退出default:break;}}void show_time() //液晶显示程序{DS1302_GetTime(&CurrentTime); //获取时钟芯片的时间数据TimeToStr(&CurrentTime); //时间数据转换液晶字符DateToStr(&CurrentTime); //日期数据转换液晶字符ReadTemp(); //开启温度采集程序temp_to_str(); //温度数据转换成液晶字符GotoXY(12,1); //液晶字符显示位置Print(TempBuffer); //显示温度GotoXY(0,1);Print(CurrentTime.TimeString); //显示时间GotoXY(0,0);Print(CurrentTime.DateString); //显示日期GotoXY(15,0);Print(week_value); //显示星期GotoXY(11,0);Print("Week"); //在液晶上显示字母week Delay1ms(400); //扫描延时}main(){flag=1; //时钟停止标志LCD_Initial(); //液晶初始化Init_DS18B20( ) ; //DS18B20初始化Initial_DS1302(); //时钟芯片初始化up_flag=0;down_flag=0;done=0; //进入默认液晶显示wireless_1=0;wireless_2=0;wireless_3=0;wireless_4=0;while(1){while(done==1)keydone(); //进入调整模式while(done==0){show_time(); //液晶显示数据flag=0;Setkey(); //扫描各功能键}}}。