动词-ing 形式 非谓语动词,动名词,现在分词

动词-ing 形式
动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语及状语。

动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,有时态和语态的变化。

主动形式被动形式
一般式doing being done
完成式having done having been done 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。

如：
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。

Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。

Asking a woman’s age is impolite in some countries.在一些国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。

2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语。

如：It is no use / no good / fun / hard work / a hard (difficult) job / a waste of time / dangerous / worthwhile / useless + doing。

如:
It’s no use making an excuse for this.
为这件事找借口是没有用的。

It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。

It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。

二、动词-ing用作宾语
1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有：finish, enjoy, avoid, admit, keep, mind, imagine, risk, practice, appreciate, consider, escape, miss, suggest, can’t stand, can’t help, give up, feel like, put off, permit等。

2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 意义差别不大的动词，常见的有: like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue等。

3. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 但意义完全不一样的，常见的有：forget, remember, mean, regret, stop, try等。

4. 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。

devote to, look forward to, stick to, be used to, object to(反对), pay attention to, get down to, lead to, be crazy about, be tired of, succeed in, have difficulty in等。

三、-ing形式作定语
1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面, 既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能, 也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。

如：
printing factory = a factory for printing; the shopping center = the center for shopping;
tiring music = music that is tiring; a surprising result = a result that is surprising
2. –ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。

如：
They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。

The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。

Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。

The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造的这栋楼房室我们的新图书馆。

3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。

如：
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。

四、-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面, 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。

如：
When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。

2. 能用-ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：
1）、表示感觉和心理状态的动词：see, watch, smell, feel, hear, find, notice, observe, catch, look at, listen to等。

2）、表示指使意义的动词：have, leave, set, keep, get 等。

五、-ing形式作状语
-ing作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。

现在分词在句中作状语,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。

1.–ing 形式作时间状语
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
While walking along the road, Cruse caught sight of a poor dog.
Having finished the work, they went out for a walk. 2.–ing 形式作原因状语
Being ill, she didn’t go to school yesterday.
Having finished my work ahead of time, I was allowed to go home.
Not knowing hi s phone number, we couldn’t get in touch with him.
3.–ing 形式作结果状语
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.
The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
4.–ing 形式作条件状语
Listening to English every day, you’ll learn it well step by step.
Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a wood.
5.–ing 形式作伴随状语
I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.
He was walking along the street, looking this way and that.
6.–ing 形式作让步状语
Working or reading, she always did her best.
= Whether she worked or read, …
Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously.
= Although he was not a rich man, …
1. On ____( return ) home, he found his mother seriously ill.
2. He suggested _______( have ) a basketball game next week.
3. Don’t waste time ______ ( mourn).
4. Who needs ______( look ) after?
5. There is no need _______( say ) again.
6. He advised _______( read ) the novel again.
7. No ________( spit ).
8. He felt sorry for ____( not having helped, having not helped) her.
9. We regretted ____( being unable to come, being not able to come ).
10. I remember ___ (not taking, taking no, taking not ) key out.
11. He came to the party without ____ (ask) me.
12. He came to the party without ____ (ask).
13. Has she suggested _____( having done, doing) it again?
14. I am sorry I couldn’t help them though I said I would .I apologize for ___( having not kept, not keeping ) my promise.
15. They don’t like _____( Lin Pin, Lin Pin’s, his, him, he ) coming to help.
16. ___(Mary, Mary’s, her ) coming here made us much delighted
17. He has devoted himself to ____( study ) the problem of old age.
18. Have you got used to _____ ( live ) in the country?
19. They came ______(fall ) in love with each other.
20. We get ____ ( realize ) that he is an honest man.
21. I hate ____( say ) it, but I don’t like you plan.
22. I hate ____( cheat ) in the exam and ____ ( lie ) in our day life.
23. ___( Repairing , The repairing ) cars is expensive.
24. ___ ( Repairing , The repairing ) of my car is expensive.
25. We need some salt. Can you help do _(the, / ) shopping?
26. She should give the room ___( a, / ) good cleaning.
27. Every day we do ___( some, / ) reading in our classroom.
1.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. to be written
B. written
C. being written
D. having written
2.The children insisted ______ there on foot.
A. they going
B. they would go
C. on their going
D. going
3.He still remembers ____ to Shanghai when he was very young.
A. taking
B. being taken
C. taken
D. having taken
4.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.
A. leading; finding; leading
B. to lead; found; to lead
C. led; finding; led
D. leading; found; led
5.I can hardly imagine Peter ___ across the Atlantic
Ocean in five days.
A. to have sailed
B. to sail
C. sailing
D. sail
6.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ______ against your face.
A. moved
B. moving
C. moves
D. to move
7. While shopping, people sometimes can´t help ______ into buying something they don´t really need.
A. persuade
B. persuading
C. being persuaded
D. be persuaded
8. There was terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
9. Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .
A. come; permitted
B. coming; permitted
C. coming; being permitted
D. to come; being permitted
10.¬——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?
——Yes,and I heard this song ___ in English.
A. sing; singing
B.sung; sung
C. sung; singing
D.singing; sung
11.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.
A. discussed; discussed
B. discussing;had discussed
C.being discussed;discussed
D. discussing;discussing
12.With the cooking ____ ,I went on ____ some sewing.
A.done; to do
B.being done;doing
C.to be done;doing
D.to have done;doing
13.It is no use ______ your past mistakes.
A.regretting
B.regret
C.to regret
D.regretted
14.I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon.
A. you to call
B. you call
C. your calling
D. you’re calling
15.Climbing mountains was ____ ,so we all felt ____ .
A. tiring; tired
B. tired; tiring
C. tiring; tiring
D. tired; tired
16.There is a river ______ around our school.
A. to run
B. run
C. running
D. to be running
17.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?
A. to take
B. take
C. taking
D. to be taken 18.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colour TV set ______ when I got home.
A. lying; stolen
B. laying; stealing
C. lay; stolen
D. lying; stealing
19.He was always listened ______ in the next room.
A. sing
B. sung
C. to sing
D. singing
20.Go on ____ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do
B. doing
C. with
D. to be doing
21.The day we looked forward to ______ .
A. come
B. coming
C. has come
D. have come
22.The government forbids ______ such bad books.
A. published
B. to publish
C. publish
D. publishing
23. It took the workmen only two hours to finish ____ my car.
A. repairing
B. repair
C. to repair
D. repaired
24. It’s no good ____ over split milk.
A. to cry
B. crying
C. cried
D. cry
25. Have you forgotten _____$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow?
A. borrowing; to bring
B. to borrow; bring
C. borrowed; bringing
D. borrowing; bringing
26. The classroom wants _____.
A. clean
B. cleaned
C. to clean
D. cleaning
27. Jack said that he wouldn't mind _____ for us.
A. to wait
B. wait
C. waiting
D. waited
28. My brother keeps _________ me with my work. A. to help B.help C.helping D.helped
29. We should often practise ___ English with each other.
A. to speak
B. spoke
C. speak
D. speaking
30. Keep on ___ and you will succeed.
A. a try
B. try
C. trying
D. trying
31. His parents insist on ____ to college.
A. he should go
B. he go
C. his going
D. him to go
32. The story was so funny that we _____.
A. couldn’t help laugh
B. can’t but laugh
C. couldn't help laughing
D. couldn’t help but to laugh
33. How much time did you spend ____ the text?
A. copying
B. to copy
C. in copy
D. on copying
34.Though it sounds a bit too dear(昂贵),it is worth ______.
A. being bought
B. buying
C. to buy
D. buying it
35. The novel is well ____.
A. worth to read
B. worth being read
C. worthy to read
D. worthy of being read
36. The farmers were busy _____ cotton.
A. to pick
B. picking
C. with picking
D. pick 37．——I usually go there by train.
——Why not _____ by boat for a change?
A. try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. to try going
38. They set out ____ for the ____ boy.
A. searching; losing
B. searching; lost
C. to search; lost
D. searched; losing
39. The student sat there, ____ what to do.
A. doesn’t knowing
B. didn’t knowing
C. not know
D. not knowing
40. He sat there _____ , with his head on his hand.
A. and think
B. thinking
C. thought
D. being thought
41. The ____ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, ___ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. visiting; add B. visited; adding
C. visiting; adding
D. visited; added
42. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ___.
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
43. Yesterday Professor Li received a letter from one of his friends, ___ him to write an article, and he accepted.
A. having invited
B. invited
C. to be invited
D. inviting
44. Finding her car stolen, _________.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
45. ________, the boy couldn’t enter his house.
A. Since the key has lost
B. The key been lost
C. Lost the key
D. Having lost the key
46. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
47. European foot ball is played in 80 countries, _____ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
48. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
49. ____ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
A. Not knowing
B. knowing not
C. Not having known
D. Having not known
50. ____ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
1._______ (scold) a child will do more harm than
good.
2._______ (swim) is one of the best all-round
exercises. It keeps me in good shape.
3.It is a waste of time ________ (discuss) such
matters with him.
4.He suggested ________ (take) my daughter to the
zoo the next Sunday.
5.We don’t allow _______ (smok e) in the classroom.
6.When you feel cold, try to keep your body ______
(move).
7.The girl _________ (write) a letter is the
professor’s daughter.
8.Entering the room, I found Mary ______ (sit) at
the desk and playing the computer games.
9.Women ________ (look) after small children in
this city usually get paid by the month.
10.The teacher ______ (teach) us English is Miss
Zhou.
11.I notice a long queue outside the ticket office
_____ (wait) for it to open.
12.The girl watched his father ______ (shave) his face
with great interest.
13.The children _______ (practise) playing the violin
over there will give a performance next week. 14.她转过身，看见一辆车朝她开来。

____________________, she saw a car _________.
15.他们把声明送给我们，希望得到我们的帮助。

They
sent us their statement, ______________________.
16.老师把三种不同的液体混合在一起，结果发现混
合物呈现出红色。

The teacher mixed three different liquids, ____________________________ 17.如果你更细心点，就会少犯错误。

______________,
you can make fewer mistakes.
18.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。

________________,
he nodded from time to time.。