MATLAB数值分析实例 - 360文档中心

#数值分析Matlab作业

数值分析编程作业2012年12月第二章14.考虑梯形电阻电路的设计，电路如下：电路中的各个电流{i1,i2,…,i8}须满足下列线性方程组：121232343454565676787822/252025202520252025202520250i i V R i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i -=-+-=-+-=-+-=-+-=-+-=-+-=-+=这是一个三对角方程组。

设V=220V ，R=27Ω，运用追赶法，求各段电路的电流量。

Matlab 程序如下：function chase () %追赶法求梯形电路中各段的电流量 a=input('请输入下主对角线向量a='); b=input('请输入主对角线向量b='); c=input('请输入上主对角线向量c='); d=input('请输入右端向量d='); n=input('请输入系数矩阵维数n='); u(1)=b(1); for i=2:nl(i)=a(i)/u(i-1); u(i)=b(i)-c(i-1)*l(i); endy(1)=d(1); for i=2:ny(i)=d(i)-l(i)*y(i-1); endx(n)=y(n)/u(n); i=n-1; while i>0x(i)=(y(i)-c(i)*x(i+1))/u(i); i=i-1;end x输入如下: >> chase请输入下主对角线向量a=[0,-2,-2,-2,-2,-2,-2,-2]; 请输入主对角线向量b=[2,5,5,5,5,5,5,5];请输入上主对角线向量c=[-2,-2,-2,-2,-2,-2,-2,0]; 请输入方程组右端向量d=[220/27,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]; 请输入系数矩阵阶数n=8 运行结果如下：x = 8.1478 4.0737 2.0365 1.0175 0.5073 0.2506 0.1194 0.0477第三章14.试分别用(1)Jacobi 迭代法；(2)Gauss-Seidel 迭代法解线性方程组1234510123412191232721735143231211743511512x x x x x ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥---⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=--⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥---⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦ 迭代初始向量(0)(0,0,0,0,0)T x =。

基于MATLAB的数值分析

计算矩阵行列式的MATLAB命令：
D det(A)
2.4 病态问题有许多线性代数方程组理论上是可解的，但实际计算中由于受到舍入误差的影响而无法得到精确解。此类问题成为病态问题。
病态问题的计算过程中，小的舍入误差或系数矩阵的微小变化都可能使解产生很大误差。（例子 P97)
病态矩阵的一个重要标志是条件数：
Ax b
情况1：m=n(正规方程），最常见；情况2：m<n(不定方程）；情况3：m>n(超定方程）；本节只介绍情况1。 MATLAB命令：
x A \ b 效率最高 x inv(A)*b 计算时间大约是上面的50倍
2.3 不可解问题
线性代数方程组并不总是数值可解的。只有当矩阵A 的行列式不为零时才行！矩阵A的行列式即使不为零，但当很小或很大时，解的误差可能很大。
样
end
end
end
function [l, u, p] sanjiaofenjie(a) [m, n] size(a); [kk, a] LGauss(a); p eye(n); for k 1: n 1
t p(k,:); p(k,:) p(kk(k),:;) p(k (k),:) t; end for k 1:n-2 fori k 1:n-1
t a(i,k); a(i,k) a(kk(i),k;) a(kk(i,)k) t; end end
for i 1:n for j 1:i if i j li(,j) 1; else li(,j) a(i,j); end end
end for i 1:n
for j i:n u(i,j) a(i,j);

a2n

数值分析matlab程序实例

1，秦九韶算法，求出P(x=3)=2+4x+5x^2+2x^3的值clear all;x=3;n=3;a(1)=2;a(2)=4;a(3)=5;a(4)=2v(1)=a(n+1);for k=2:(n+1);v(k)=x*v(k-1)+a(n-k+2);endp=v(n+1)p=,1132，一次线型插值程序：利用100.121.求115的开方。

clear all;x1=100;x2=121;y1=10;y2=11;x=115;l1=(x-x2)/(x1-x2);l2=(x-x1)/(x2-x1);p1=l1*y1+l2*y2p1=10.71433，分段插值程序，已知为S1（x)为（0，0），（1，1），（2，5）（3,8）上的分段一次插值，求S1（1.5）.clear allx=[0123];y=[0158];n=length(x);a=1.5;for i=2:nif(x(i-1)<=a<x(i));endendH1=y(i-1)+(y(i)-y(i-1))/(x(i)-x(i-1))*(a-x(i-1))H1=3.50004）曲线拟合：用一个5次多项式在区间[0，2π]内逼近函数sin(x)。

clear allX=linspace(0,2*pi,50);Y=sin(X);[P,S]=polyfit(X,Y,5)plot(X,Y,'k*',X,polyval(P,X),'k-')P=-0.00560.0874-0.39460.26850.87970.0102S=R:[6x6double]df:44normr:0.03375)求有理分式的导数clear allP=[3,5,0,-8,1,-5];Q=[10,5,0,0,6,0,0,7,-1,0,-100];[p,q]=polyder(P,Q)6）将以下数据按从小到大排序：4.3 5.7 5.2 1.89.4a=[4.35.75.21.89.4];b(1:100)=0;n=1;b(a*10)=1;for k=1:100a(n)=k/10;if b(k)>0a(n)=k/10;n=n+1;endendaa=1.8000 4.3000 5.2000 5.70009.400010.00007)用二分法求方程x 3-x-1=0在[1,2]内的近似根，要求误差不超过10-3。

基于MATLAB的数值分析(2)

axis([0,pi,-1,1]),title('子图 (4)')
若干有用旳指令
clf：将图形窗口旳全部内容清除。 shg：显示图形窗口。 figure: 打开一种新旳图形窗口。 figure(n): 打开第n个图形窗口 cla: 将所绘曲线清除并重画坐标轴。 close(n):将关闭编号为n旳图形窗口， close all: 将关闭全部图形窗口.
pos取值0,1（缺省值）,2,3,4,-1 Legend off：擦出目前图上旳图例。
2.3 三维绘图旳基本操作
绘制二元函数基本环节： 1.生成二维网格点 2. 计算函数在网格点上旳值 3. 绘制函数图形
meshgrid指令：生成网格点
a=-0.98;b=0.98;c=-1;d=1;n=10; x=linspace(a,b,n); y=linspace(c,d,n); [X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y); plot(X,Y,'+')
分格线和坐标框
grid: grid on（画出分格线）, grid off （不画出分格线）
box : box on （坐标呈封闭形式）, box off （坐标呈开启形式）
【例】 n=(0:12)'; y=1./abs(n-6); Subplot(1,2,1),plot(n,y,'r*','MarkerSize',20),box on Subplot(1,2,2), plot(n,y,'r*','MarkerSize',20),box off
ylabel('\it{magnitude}');
title(' \it{sine wave and {\it{Ae}}^{-\alpha{\itt}}wave}');

matlab编程实例100例

1-32是：图形应用篇33-66是：界面设计篇67-84是：图形处理篇85-100是：数值分析篇实例1：三角函数曲线（1）function shili01h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[198 56 350 300],...'name','实例01');h1=axes('parent',h0,...'visible','off');x=-pi:0.05:pi;y=sin(x);plot(x,y);xlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('SIN( )函数曲线');grid on实例2：三角函数曲线（2）function shili02h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例02');x=-pi:0.05:pi;y=sin(x)+cos(x);plot(x,y,'-*r','linewidth',1);grid onxlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('三角函数');实例3：图形的叠加function shili03h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例03');x=-pi:0.05:pi;y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);plot(x,y1,...'-*r',...x,y2,...'--og');grid onxlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('三角函数');实例4：双y轴图形的绘制function shili04h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例04');x=0:900;a=1000;b=0.005;y1=2*x;y2=cos(b*x);[haxes,hline1,hline2]=plotyy(x,y1,x,y2,'semilogy','plot'); axes(haxes(1))ylabel('semilog plot');axes(haxes(2))ylabel('linear plot');实例5：单个轴窗口显示多个图形function shili05h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例05');t=0:pi/10:2*pi;[x,y]=meshgrid(t);subplot(2,2,1)plot(sin(t),cos(t))axis equalsubplot(2,2,2)z=sin(x)-cos(y);plot(t,z)axis([0 2*pi -2 2])subplot(2,2,3)h=sin(x)+cos(y);plot(t,h)axis([0 2*pi -2 2])subplot(2,2,4)g=(sin(x).^2)-(cos(y).^2);plot(t,g)axis([0 2*pi -1 1])实例6：图形标注function shili06h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 400],...'name','实例06');t=0:pi/10:2*pi;h=plot(t,sin(t));xlabel('t=0到2\pi','fontsize',16);ylabel('sin(t)','fontsize',16);title('\it{从0to2\pi 的正弦曲线}','fontsize',16) x=get(h,'xdata');y=get(h,'ydata');imin=find(min(y)==y);imax=find(max(y)==y);text(x(imin),y(imin),...['\leftarrow最小值=',num2str(y(imin))],...'fontsize',16)text(x(imax),y(imax),...['\leftarrow最大值=',num2str(y(imax))],...'fontsize',16)实例7：条形图形function shili07h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例07');tiao1=[562 548 224 545 41 445 745 512];tiao2=[47 48 57 58 54 52 65 48];t=0:7;bar(t,tiao1)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('TIAO1值');h1=gca;h2=axes('position',get(h1,'position'));plot(t,tiao2,'linewidth',3)set(h2,'yaxislocation','right','color','none','xticklabel',[]) 实例8：区域图形function shili08h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例08');x=91:95;profits1=[88 75 84 93 77];profits2=[51 64 54 56 68];profits3=[42 54 34 25 24];profits4=[26 38 18 15 4];area(x,profits1,'facecolor',[0.5 0.9 0.6],...'edgecolor','b',...'linewidth',3)hold onarea(x,profits2,'facecolor',[0.9 0.85 0.7],...'edgecolor','y',...'linewidth',3)hold onarea(x,profits3,'facecolor',[0.3 0.6 0.7],...'edgecolor','r',...'linewidth',3)hold onarea(x,profits4,'facecolor',[0.6 0.5 0.9],...'edgecolor','m',...'linewidth',3)hold offset(gca,'xtick',[91:95])set(gca,'layer','top')gtext('\leftarrow第一季度销量')gtext('\leftarrow第二季度销量')gtext('\leftarrow第三季度销量')gtext('\leftarrow第四季度销量')xlabel('年','fontsize',16);ylabel('销售量','fontsize',16);实例9：饼图的绘制function shili09h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例09');t=[54 21 35;68 54 35;45 25 12;48 68 45;68 54 69];x=sum(t);h=pie(x);textobjs=findobj(h,'type','text');str1=get(textobjs,{'string'});val1=get(textobjs,{'extent'});oldext=cat(1,val1{:});names={'商品一：';'商品二：';'商品三：'};str2=strcat(names,str1);set(textobjs,{'string'},str2)val2=get(textobjs,{'extent'});newext=cat(1,val2{:});offset=sign(oldext(:,1)).*(newext(:,3)-oldext(:,3))/2; pos=get(textobjs,{'position'});textpos=cat(1,pos{:});textpos(:,1)=textpos(:,1)+offset;set(textobjs,{'position'},num2cell(textpos,[3,2]))实例10：阶梯图function shili10h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 400],...'name','实例10');a=0.01;b=0.5;t=0:10;f=exp(-a*t).*sin(b*t);stairs(t,f)hold onplot(t,f,':*')hold offglabel='函数e^{-(\alpha*t)}sin\beta*t的阶梯图'; gtext(glabel,'fontsize',16)xlabel('t=0:10','fontsize',16)axis([0 10 -1.2 1.2])实例11：枝干图function shili11h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例11');x=0:pi/20:2*pi;y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);h1=stem(x,y1+y2);hold onh2=plot(x,y1,'^r',x,y2,'*g');hold offh3=[h1(1);h2];legend(h3,'y1+y2','y1=sin(x)','y2=cos(x)') xlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('正弦函数与余弦函数的线性组合');实例12：罗盘图function shili12h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例12');winddirection=[54 24 65 84256 12 235 62125 324 34 254];windpower=[2 5 5 36 8 12 76 14 10 8];rdirection=winddirection*pi/180;[x,y]=pol2cart(rdirection,windpower); compass(x,y);desc={'风向和风力','气象台','10月1日0：00到','10月1日12：00'};gtext(desc)实例13：轮廓图function shili13h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例13');[th,r]=meshgrid((0:10:360)*pi/180,0:0.05:1); [x,y]=pol2cart(th,r);z=x+i*y;f=(z.^4-1).^(0.25);contour(x,y,abs(f),20)axis equalxlabel('实部','fontsize',16);ylabel('虚部','fontsize',16);h=polar([0 2*pi],[0 1]);delete(h)hold oncontour(x,y,abs(f),20)实例14：交互式图形function shili14h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例14');axis([0 10 0 10]);hold onx=[];y=[];n=0;disp('单击鼠标左键点取需要的点'); disp('单击鼠标右键点取最后一个点'); but=1;while but==1[xi,yi,but]=ginput(1);plot(xi,yi,'bo')n=n+1;disp('单击鼠标左键点取下一个点');x(n,1)=xi;y(n,1)=yi;endt=1:n;ts=1:0.1:n;xs=spline(t,x,ts);ys=spline(t,y,ts);plot(xs,ys,'r-');hold off实例14：交互式图形function shili14h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例14');axis([0 10 0 10]);hold onx=[];y=[];n=0;disp('单击鼠标左键点取需要的点'); disp('单击鼠标右键点取最后一个点'); but=1;while but==1[xi,yi,but]=ginput(1);plot(xi,yi,'bo')n=n+1;disp('单击鼠标左键点取下一个点');x(n,1)=xi;y(n,1)=yi;endt=1:n;ts=1:0.1:n;xs=spline(t,x,ts);ys=spline(t,y,ts);plot(xs,ys,'r-');hold off实例15：变换的傅立叶函数曲线function shili15h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例15');axis equalm=moviein(20,gcf);set(gca,'nextplot','replacechildren') h=uicontrol('style','slider','position',...[100 10 500 20],'min',1,'max',20) for j=1:20plot(fft(eye(j+16)))set(h,'value',j)m(:,j)=getframe(gcf);endclf;axes('position',[0 0 1 1]);movie(m,30)实例16：劳伦兹非线形方程的无序活动function shili15h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例15');axis equalm=moviein(20,gcf);set(gca,'nextplot','replacechildren') h=uicontrol('style','slider','position',...[100 10 500 20],'min',1,'max',20) for j=1:20plot(fft(eye(j+16)))set(h,'value',j)m(:,j)=getframe(gcf);endclf;axes('position',[0 0 1 1]);movie(m,30)实例17：填充图function shili17h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例17');t=(1:2:15)*pi/8;x=sin(t);y=cos(t);fill(x,y,'r')axis square offtext(0,0,'STOP',...'color',[1 1 1],...'fontsize',50,...'horizontalalignment','center') 例18：条形图和阶梯形图function shili18h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例18');subplot(2,2,1)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);bar(x,y)title('2-D Bar Chart')subplot(2,2,2)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);bar3(x,y,'r')title('3-D Bar Chart')subplot(2,2,3)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);stairs(x,y)title('Stair Chart')subplot(2,2,4)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);barh(x,y)title('Horizontal Bar Chart')实例19：三维曲线图function shili19h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 400],...'name','实例19');subplot(2,1,1)x=linspace(0,2*pi);y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);y3=sin(x)+cos(x);z1=zeros(size(x));z2=0.5*z1;z3=z1;plot3(x,y1,z1,x,y2,z2,x,y3,z3)grid onxlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure1:3-D Plot')subplot(2,1,2)x=linspace(0,2*pi);y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);y3=sin(x)+cos(x);z1=zeros(size(x));z2=0.5*z1;z3=z1;plot3(x,z1,y1,x,z2,y2,x,z3,y3)grid onxlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure2:3-D Plot')实例20：图形的隐藏属性function shili20h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 300],...'name','实例20');subplot(1,2,1)[x,y,z]=sphere(10);mesh(x,y,z)axis offtitle('Figure1:Opaque')hidden onsubplot(1,2,2)[x,y,z]=sphere(10);mesh(x,y,z)axis offtitle('Figure2:Transparent') hidden off实例21PEAKS函数曲线function shili21h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 100 450 450],...'name','实例21');[x,y,z]=peaks(30);subplot(2,1,1)x=x(1,:);y=y(:,1);i=find(y>0.8&y<1.2);j=find(x>-0.6&x<0.5);z(i,j)=nan*z(i,j);surfc(x,y,z)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure1:surfc函数形成的曲面') subplot(2,1,2)x=x(1,:);y=y(:,1);i=find(y>0.8&y<1.2);j=find(x>-0.6&x<0.5);z(i,j)=nan*z(i,j);surfl(x,y,z)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure2:surfl函数形成的曲面')实例22：片状图function shili22h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 550 350],...'name','实例22');subplot(1,2,1)x=rand(1,20);y=rand(1,20);z=peaks(x,y*pi);t=delaunay(x,y);trimesh(t,x,y,z)hidden offtitle('Figure1:Triangular Surface Plot'); subplot(1,2,2)x=rand(1,20);y=rand(1,20);z=peaks(x,y*pi);t=delaunay(x,y);trisurf(t,x,y,z)title('Figure1:Triangular Surface Plot'); 实例23：视角的调整function shili23h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例23');x=-5:0.5:5;[x,y]=meshgrid(x);r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;subplot(2,2,1)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure1')view(-37.5,30)subplot(2,2,2)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure2')view(-37.5+90,30)subplot(2,2,3)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure3')view(-37.5,60)subplot(2,2,4)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure4')view(180,0)实例24：向量场的绘制function shili24h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例24');subplot(2,2,1)z=peaks;ribbon(z)title('Figure1')subplot(2,2,2)[x,y,z]=peaks(15);[dx,dy]=gradient(z,0.5,0.5); contour(x,y,z,10)hold onquiver(x,y,dx,dy)hold offtitle('Figure2')subplot(2,2,3)[x,y,z]=peaks(15);[nx,ny,nz]=surfnorm(x,y,z);surf(x,y,z)hold onquiver3(x,y,z,nx,ny,nz)hold offtitle('Figure3')subplot(2,2,4)x=rand(3,5);y=rand(3,5);z=rand(3,5);c=rand(3,5);fill3(x,y,z,c)grid ontitle('Figure4')实例25：灯光定位function shili25h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例25');vert=[1 1 1;1 2 1;2 2 1;2 1 1;1 1 2;12 2;2 2 2;2 1 2];fac=[1 2 3 4;2 6 7 3;4 3 7 8;15 8 4;1 2 6 5;5 6 7 8];grid offsphere(36)h=findobj('type','surface');set(h,'facelighting','phong',...'facecolor',...'interp',...'edgecolor',[0.4 0.4 0.4],...'backfacelighting',...'lit')hold onpatch('faces',fac,'vertices',vert,...'facecolor','y');light('position',[1 3 2]);light('position',[-3 -1 3]); material shinyaxis vis3d offhold off实例26：柱状图function shili26h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 50 450 450],...'name','实例26');subplot(2,1,1)x=[5 2 18 7 39 8 65 5 54 3 2];bar(x)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');title('第一子图');subplot(2,1,2)y=[5 2 18 7 39 8 65 5 54 3 2];barh(y)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');title('第二子图');实例27：设置照明方式function shili27h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例27');subplot(2,2,1)sphereshading flatcamlight leftcamlight rightlighting flatcolorbaraxis offtitle('Figure1')subplot(2,2,2)sphereshading flatcamlight leftcamlight rightlighting gouraudcolorbaraxis offtitle('Figure2')subplot(2,2,3)sphereshading interpcamlight rightcamlight leftlighting phongcolorbaraxis offtitle('Figure3')subplot(2,2,4)sphereshading flatcamlight leftcamlight rightlighting nonecolorbaraxis offtitle('Figure4')实例28：羽状图function shili28h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例28');subplot(2,1,1)alpha=90:-10:0;r=ones(size(alpha));m=alpha*pi/180;n=r*10;[u,v]=pol2cart(m,n);feather(u,v)title('羽状图')axis([0 20 0 10])subplot(2,1,2)t=0:0.5:10;x=0.05+i;y=exp(-x*t);feather(y)title('复数矩阵的羽状图')实例29：立体透视（1）function shili29h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例29');[x,y,z]=meshgrid(-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2);v=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2);grid onfor i=-2:0.5:2;h1=surf(linspace(-2,2,20),...linspace(-2,2,20),...zeros(20)+i);rotate(h1,[1 -1 1],30)dx=get(h1,'xdata');dy=get(h1,'ydata');dz=get(h1,'zdata');delete(h1)slice(x,y,z,v,[-2 2],2,-2)hold onslice(x,y,z,v,dx,dy,dz)hold offaxis tightview(-5,10)drawnowend实例30：立体透视（2）function shili30h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例30');[x,y,z]=meshgrid(-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2);v=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2); [dx,dy,dz]=cylinder;slice(x,y,z,v,[-2 2],2,-2)for i=-2:0.2:2h=surface(dx+i,dy,dz);rotate(h,[1 0 0],90)xp=get(h,'xdata');yp=get(h,'ydata');zp=get(h,'zdata');delete(h)hold onhs=slice(x,y,z,v,xp,yp,zp);axis tightxlim([-3 3])view(-10,35)drawnowdelete(hs)hold offend实例31：表面图形function shili31h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 550 250],...'name','实例31');subplot(1,2,1)x=rand(100,1)*16-8;y=rand(100,1)*16-8;r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;xlin=linspace(min(x),max(x),33); ylin=linspace(min(y),max(y),33); [X,Y]=meshgrid(xlin,ylin);Z=griddata(x,y,z,X,Y,'cubic'); mesh(X,Y,Z)axis tighthold onplot3(x,y,z,'.','Markersize',20)subplot(1,2,2)k=5;n=2^k-1;theta=pi*(-n:2:n)/n;phi=(pi/2)*(-n:2:n)'/n;X=cos(phi)*cos(theta);Y=cos(phi)*sin(theta);Z=sin(phi)*ones(size(theta));colormap([0 0 0;1 1 1])C=hadamard(2^k);surf(X,Y,Z,C)axis square实例32：沿曲线移动的小球h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[198 56 408 468],...'name','实例32');h1=axes('parent',h0,...'position',[0.15 0.45 0.7 0.5],...'visible','on');t=0:pi/24:4*pi;y=sin(t);plot(t,y,'b')n=length(t);h=line('color',[0 0.5 0.5],...'linestyle','.',...'markersize',25,...'erasemode','xor');k1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','pushbutton',...'position',[80 100 50 30],...'string','开始',...'callback',[...'i=1;',...'k=1;,',...'m=0;,',...'while 1,',...'if k==0,',...'break,',...'end,',...'if k~=0,',...'set(h,''xdata'',t(i),''ydata'',y(i)),',...'drawnow;,',...'i=i+1;,',...'if i>n,',...'m=m+1;,',...'i=1;,',...'end,',...'end,',...'end']);k2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','pushbutton',...'position',[180 100 50 30],...'string','停止',...'callback',[...'k=0;,',...'set(e1,''string'',m),',...'p=get(h,''xdata'');,',...'q=get(h,''ydata'');,',...'set(e2,''string'',p);,',...'set(e3,''string'',q)']); k3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','pushbutton',...'position',[280 100 50 30],...'string','关闭',...'callback','close');e1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','edit',...'position',[60 30 60 20]);t1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','text',...'string','循环次数',...'position',[60 50 60 20]);e2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','edit',...'position',[180 30 50 20]); t2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','text',...'string','终点的X坐标值',...'position',[155 50 100 20]); e3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','edit',...'position',[300 30 50 20]); t3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','text',...'string','终点的Y坐标值',...'position',[275 50 100 20]);实例33：曲线转换按钮h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例33');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=sin(x);h=plot(x,y);grid onhuidiao=[...'if i==1,',...'i=0;,',...'y=cos(x);,',...'delete(h),',...'set(hm,''string'',''正弦函数''),',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'else if i==0,',...'i=1;,',...'y=sin(x);,',...'set(hm,''string'',''余弦函数''),',...'delete(h),',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'end,',...'end'];hm=uicontrol(gcf,'style','pushbutton',...'string','余弦函数',...'callback',huidiao);i=1;set(hm,'position',[250 20 60 20]);set(gca,'position',[0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6])title('按钮的使用')hold on实例34：栅格控制按钮h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例34');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=sin(x);plot(x,y)huidiao1=[...'set(h_toggle2,''value'',0),',...'grid on,',...];huidiao2=[...'set(h_toggle1,''value'',0),',...'grid off,',...];h_toggle1=uicontrol(gcf,'style','togglebutton',...'string','grid on',...'value',0,...'position',[20 45 50 20],...'callback',huidiao1);h_toggle2=uicontrol(gcf,'style','togglebutton',...'string','grid off',...'value',0,...'position',[20 20 50 20],...'callback',huidiao2);set(gca,'position',[0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6])title('开关按钮的使用')实例35：编辑框的使用h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 350 250],...'name','实例35');f='Please input the letter';huidiao1=[...'g=upper(f);,',...'set(h2_edit,''string'',g),',...];huidiao2=[...'g=lower(f);,',...'set(h2_edit,''string'',g),',...];h1_edit=uicontrol(gcf,'style','edit',...'position',[100 200 100 50],...'HorizontalAlignment','left',...'string','Please input the letter',...'callback','f=get(h1_edit,''string'');',...'background','w',...'max',5,...'min',1);h2_edit=uicontrol(gcf,'style','edit',...'HorizontalAlignment','left',...'position',[100 100 100 50],...'max',5,...'min',1);h1_button=uicontrol(gcf,'style','pushbutton',...'string','小写变大写',...'position',[100 45 100 20],...'callback',huidiao1);h2_button=uicontrol(gcf,'style','pushbutton',...'string','大写变小写',...'position',[100 20 100 20],...'callback',huidiao2);实例36：弹出式菜单h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例36');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=sin(x);h=plot(x,y);grid onhm=uicontrol(gcf,'style','popupmenu',...'string',...'sin(x)|cos(x)|sin(x)+cos(x)|exp(-sin(x))',...'position',[250 20 50 20]);set(hm,'value',1)huidiao=[...'v=get(hm,''value'');,',...'switch v,',...'case 1,',...'delete(h),',...'y=sin(x);,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'case 2,',...'delete(h),',...'y=cos(x);,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'case 3,',...'delete(h),',...'y=sin(x)+cos(x);,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'case 4,',...'y=exp(-sin(x));,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'end'];set(hm,'callback',huidiao)set(gca,'position',[0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6])title('弹出式菜单的使用')实例37：滑标的使用h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例37');[x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;h0=mesh(x,y,z);h1=axes('position',...[0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5],...'visible','off');htext=uicontrol(gcf,...'units','points',...'position',[20 30 45 15],...'string','brightness',...'style','text');hslider=uicontrol(gcf,...'units','points',...'position',[10 10 300 15],...'min',-1,...'max',1,...'style','slider',...'callback',...'brighten(get(hslider,''value''))');实例38：多选菜单h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例38');[x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;h0=mesh(x,y,z);hlist=uicontrol(gcf,'style','listbox',...'string','default|spring|summer|autumn|winter',...'max',5,...'min',1,...'position',[20 20 80 100],...'callback',[...'k=get(hlist,''value'');,',...'switch k,',...'case 1,',...'colormap default,',...'case 2,',...'colormap spring,',...'case 3,',...'colormap summer,',...'case 4,',...'colormap autumn,',...'case 5,',...'colormap winter,',...'end']);实例39：菜单控制的使用h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例39');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=cos(x);h=plot(x,y);grid onset(gcf,'toolbar','none')hm=uimenu('label','example');huidiao1=[...'set(hm_gridon,''checked'',''on''),',...'set(hm_gridoff,''checked'',''off''),',...'grid on'];huidiao2=[...'set(hm_gridoff,''checked'',''on''),',...'set(hm_gridon,''checked'',''off''),',...'grid off'];hm_gridon=uimenu(hm,'label','grid on',...'checked','on',...'callback',huidiao1);hm_gridoff=uimenu(hm,'label','grid off',...'checked','off',...'callback',huidiao2);实例40：UIMENU菜单的应用。

matlab编程实例100例(精编文档).doc

【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】1-32是：图形应用篇33-66是：界面设计篇67-84是：图形处理篇85-100是：数值分析篇实例1：三角函数曲线（1）function shili01h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[198****0300],...'name','实例01');h1=axes('parent',h0,...'visible','off');x=-pi:0.05:pi;y=sin(x);plot(x,y);xlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('SIN( )函数曲线');grid on实例2：三角函数曲线（2）function shili02h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例02');x=-pi:0.05:pi;y=sin(x)+cos(x);plot(x,y,'-*r','linewidth',1);grid onxlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('三角函数');实例3：图形的叠加function shili03h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例03');x=-pi:0.05:pi;y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);plot(x,y1,...'-*r',...x,y2,...'--og');grid onxlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('三角函数');实例4：双y轴图形的绘制function shili04h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例04');x=0:900;a=1000;b=0.005;y1=2*x;y2=cos(b*x);[haxes,hline1,hline2]=plotyy(x,y1,x,y2,'semilogy','plot'); axes(haxes(1))ylabel('semilog plot');axes(haxes(2))ylabel('linear plot');实例5：单个轴窗口显示多个图形function shili05h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例05');t=0:pi/10:2*pi;[x,y]=meshgrid(t);subplot(2,2,1)plot(sin(t),cos(t))axis equalsubplot(2,2,2)z=sin(x)-cos(y);plot(t,z)axis([0 2*pi -2 2])subplot(2,2,3)h=sin(x)+cos(y);plot(t,h)axis([0 2*pi -2 2])subplot(2,2,4)g=(sin(x).^2)-(cos(y).^2);plot(t,g)axis([0 2*pi -1 1])实例6：图形标注function shili06h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 400],...'name','实例06');t=0:pi/10:2*pi;h=plot(t,sin(t));xlabel('t=0到2\pi','fontsize',16);ylabel('sin(t)','fontsize',16);title('\it{从0to2\pi 的正弦曲线}','fontsize',16) x=get(h,'xdata');y=get(h,'ydata');imin=find(min(y)==y);imax=find(max(y)==y);text(x(imin),y(imin),...['\leftarrow最小值=',num2str(y(imin))],...'fontsize',16)text(x(imax),y(imax),...['\leftarrow最大值=',num2str(y(imax))],...'fontsize',16)实例7：条形图形function shili07h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例07');tiao1=[562 548 224 545 41 445 745 512];tiao2=[47 48 57 58 54 52 65 48];t=0:7;bar(t,tiao1)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('TIAO1值');h1=gca;h2=axes('position',get(h1,'position'));plot(t,tiao2,'linewidth',3)set(h2,'yaxislocation','right','color','none','xticklabel',[]) 实例8：区域图形function shili08h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例08');x=91:95;profits1=[88 75 84 93 77];profits2=[51 64 54 56 68];profits3=[42 54 34 25 24];profits4=[26 38 18 15 4];area(x,profits1,'facecolor',[0.5 0.9 0.6],...'edgecolor','b',...'linewidth',3)hold onarea(x,profits2,'facecolor',[0.9 0.85 0.7],...'edgecolor','y',...'linewidth',3)hold onarea(x,profits3,'facecolor',[0.3 0.6 0.7],...'edgecolor','r',...'linewidth',3)hold onarea(x,profits4,'facecolor',[0.6 0.5 0.9],...'edgecolor','m',...'linewidth',3)hold offset(gca,'xtick',[91:95])set(gca,'layer','top')gtext('\leftarrow第一季度销量') gtext('\leftarrow第二季度销量') gtext('\leftarrow第三季度销量') gtext('\leftarrow第四季度销量') xlabel('年','fontsize',16);ylabel('销售量','fontsize',16);实例9：饼图的绘制function shili09h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例09');t=[54 21 35;68 54 35;45 25 12;48 68 45;68 54 69];x=sum(t);h=pie(x);textobjs=findobj(h,'type','text');str1=get(textobjs,{'string'});val1=get(textobjs,{'extent'});oldext=cat(1,val1{:});names={'商品一：';'商品二：';'商品三：'};str2=strcat(names,str1);set(textobjs,{'string'},str2)val2=get(textobjs,{'extent'});newext=cat(1,val2{:});offset=sign(oldext(:,1)).*(newext(:,3)-oldext(:,3))/2; pos=get(textobjs,{'position'});textpos=cat(1,pos{:});textpos(:,1)=textpos(:,1)+offset;set(textobjs,{'position'},num2cell(textpos,[3,2]))实例10：阶梯图function shili10h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 400],...'name','实例10');a=0.01;b=0.5;t=0:10;f=exp(-a*t).*sin(b*t);stairs(t,f)hold onplot(t,f,':*')hold offglabel='函数e^{-(\alpha*t)}sin\beta*t的阶梯图'; gtext(glabel,'fontsize',16)xlabel('t=0:10','fontsize',16)axis([0 10 -1.2 1.2])实例11：枝干图function shili11h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例11');x=0:pi/20:2*pi;y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);h1=stem(x,y1+y2);hold onh2=plot(x,y1,'^r',x,y2,'*g');hold offh3=[h1(1);h2];legend(h3,'y1+y2','y1=sin(x)','y2=cos(x)') xlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('正弦函数与余弦函数的线性组合'); 实例12：罗盘图function shili12h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例12');winddirection=[54 24 65 84256 12 235 62125 324 34 254];windpower=[2 5 5 36 8 12 76 14 10 8];rdirection=winddirection*pi/180;[x,y]=pol2cart(rdirection,windpower); compass(x,y);desc={'风向和风力','北京气象台','10月1日0：00到','10月1日12：00'};gtext(desc)实例13：轮廓图function shili13h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例13');[th,r]=meshgrid((0:10:360)*pi/180,0:0.05:1); [x,y]=pol2cart(th,r);z=x+i*y;f=(z.^4-1).^(0.25);contour(x,y,abs(f),20)axis equalxlabel('实部','fontsize',16);ylabel('虚部','fontsize',16);h=polar([0 2*pi],[0 1]);delete(h)hold oncontour(x,y,abs(f),20)实例14：交互式图形function shili14h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例14');axis([0 10 0 10]);hold onx=[];y=[];n=0;disp('单击鼠标左键点取需要的点'); disp('单击鼠标右键点取最后一个点'); but=1;while but==1[xi,yi,but]=ginput(1);plot(xi,yi,'bo')n=n+1;disp('单击鼠标左键点取下一个点');x(n,1)=xi;y(n,1)=yi;endt=1:n;ts=1:0.1:n;xs=spline(t,x,ts);ys=spline(t,y,ts);plot(xs,ys,'r-');hold off实例14：交互式图形function shili14h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例14');axis([0 10 0 10]);hold onx=[];y=[];n=0;disp('单击鼠标左键点取需要的点'); disp('单击鼠标右键点取最后一个点'); but=1;while but==1[xi,yi,but]=ginput(1);plot(xi,yi,'bo')n=n+1;disp('单击鼠标左键点取下一个点');x(n,1)=xi;y(n,1)=yi;endt=1:n;ts=1:0.1:n;xs=spline(t,x,ts);ys=spline(t,y,ts);plot(xs,ys,'r-');hold off实例15：变换的傅立叶函数曲线function shili15h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例15');axis equalm=moviein(20,gcf);set(gca,'nextplot','replacechildren')h=uicontrol('style','slider','position',...[100 10 500 20],'min',1,'max',20)for j=1:20plot(fft(eye(j+16)))set(h,'value',j)m(:,j)=getframe(gcf);endclf;axes('position',[0 0 1 1]);movie(m,30)实例16：劳伦兹非线形方程的无序活动function shili15h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例15');axis equalm=moviein(20,gcf);set(gca,'nextplot','replacechildren')h=uicontrol('style','slider','position',...[100 10 500 20],'min',1,'max',20)for j=1:20plot(fft(eye(j+16)))set(h,'value',j)m(:,j)=getframe(gcf);endclf;axes('position',[0 0 1 1]);movie(m,30)实例17：填充图function shili17h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例17');t=(1:2:15)*pi/8;x=sin(t);y=cos(t);fill(x,y,'r')axis square offtext(0,0,'STOP',...'color',[1 1 1],...'fontsize',50,...'horizontalalignment','center') 例18：条形图和阶梯形图function shili18h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例18');subplot(2,2,1)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);bar(x,y)title('2-D Bar Chart')subplot(2,2,2)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);bar3(x,y,'r')title('3-D Bar Chart')subplot(2,2,3)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);stairs(x,y)title('Stair Chart')subplot(2,2,4)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);barh(x,y)title('Horizontal Bar Chart')实例19：三维曲线图function shili19h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 400],...'name','实例19');subplot(2,1,1)x=linspace(0,2*pi);y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);y3=sin(x)+cos(x);z1=zeros(size(x));z2=0.5*z1;z3=z1;plot3(x,y1,z1,x,y2,z2,x,y3,z3)grid onxlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure1:3-D Plot')subplot(2,1,2)x=linspace(0,2*pi);y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);y3=sin(x)+cos(x);z1=zeros(size(x));z2=0.5*z1;z3=z1;plot3(x,z1,y1,x,z2,y2,x,z3,y3)grid onxlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure2:3-D Plot')实例20：图形的隐藏属性function shili20h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 300],...'name','实例20');subplot(1,2,1)[x,y,z]=sphere(10);mesh(x,y,z)axis offtitle('Figure1:Opaque')hidden onsubplot(1,2,2)[x,y,z]=sphere(10);mesh(x,y,z)axis offtitle('Figure2:Transparent') hidden off实例21PEAKS函数曲线function shili21h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 100 450 450],...'name','实例21');[x,y,z]=peaks(30);subplot(2,1,1)x=x(1,:);y=y(:,1);i=find(y>0.8&y<1.2);j=find(x>-0.6&x<0.5);z(i,j)=nan*z(i,j);surfc(x,y,z)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure1:surfc函数形成的曲面') subplot(2,1,2)x=x(1,:);y=y(:,1);i=find(y>0.8&y<1.2);j=find(x>-0.6&x<0.5);z(i,j)=nan*z(i,j);surfl(x,y,z)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure2:surfl函数形成的曲面') 实例22：片状图function shili22h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 550 350],...'name','实例22');subplot(1,2,1)x=rand(1,20);y=rand(1,20);z=peaks(x,y*pi);t=delaunay(x,y);trimesh(t,x,y,z)hidden offtitle('Figure1:Triangular Surface Plot'); subplot(1,2,2)x=rand(1,20);y=rand(1,20);z=peaks(x,y*pi);t=delaunay(x,y);trisurf(t,x,y,z)title('Figure1:Triangular Surface Plot'); 实例23：视角的调整function shili23h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例23');x=-5:0.5:5;[x,y]=meshgrid(x);r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;subplot(2,2,1)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure1')view(-37.5,30)subplot(2,2,2)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure2')view(-37.5+90,30) subplot(2,2,3)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure3')view(-37.5,60)subplot(2,2,4)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure4')view(180,0)实例24：向量场的绘制function shili24h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例24');subplot(2,2,1)z=peaks;ribbon(z)title('Figure1')subplot(2,2,2)[x,y,z]=peaks(15);[dx,dy]=gradient(z,0.5,0.5); contour(x,y,z,10)hold onquiver(x,y,dx,dy)hold offtitle('Figure2')subplot(2,2,3)[x,y,z]=peaks(15);[nx,ny,nz]=surfnorm(x,y,z);surf(x,y,z)hold onquiver3(x,y,z,nx,ny,nz)hold offtitle('Figure3')subplot(2,2,4)x=rand(3,5);y=rand(3,5);z=rand(3,5);c=rand(3,5);fill3(x,y,z,c)grid ontitle('Figure4')实例25：灯光定位function shili25h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例25');vert=[1 1 1;1 2 1;2 2 1;2 1 1;1 1 2;12 2;2 2 2;2 1 2];fac=[1 2 3 4;2 6 7 3;4 3 7 8;15 8 4;1 2 6 5;5 6 7 8];grid offsphere(36)h=findobj('type','surface');set(h,'facelighting','phong',...'facecolor',...'interp',...'edgecolor',[0.4 0.4 0.4],...'backfacelighting',...'lit')hold onpatch('faces',fac,'vertices',vert,...'facecolor','y');light('position',[1 3 2]);light('position',[-3 -1 3]);material shinyaxis vis3d offhold off实例26：柱状图function shili26h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 50 450 450],...'name','实例26'); subplot(2,1,1)x=[5 2 18 7 39 8 65 5 54 3 2];bar(x)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');title('第一子图');subplot(2,1,2)y=[5 2 18 7 39 8 65 5 54 3 2];barh(y)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');title('第二子图');实例27：设置照明方式function shili27h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例27');subplot(2,2,1)sphereshading flatcamlight leftcamlight rightlighting flatcolorbaraxis offtitle('Figure1')subplot(2,2,2)sphereshading flatcamlight leftcamlight rightlighting gouraudcolorbaraxis offtitle('Figure2')subplot(2,2,3)sphereshading interpcamlight rightcamlight leftlighting phongaxis offtitle('Figure3')subplot(2,2,4)sphereshading flatcamlight leftcamlight rightlighting nonecolorbaraxis offtitle('Figure4')实例28：羽状图function shili28h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例28');subplot(2,1,1)alpha=90:-10:0;r=ones(size(alpha));m=alpha*pi/180;n=r*10;[u,v]=pol2cart(m,n);feather(u,v)title('羽状图')axis([0 20 0 10])subplot(2,1,2)t=0:0.5:10;y=exp(-x*t);feather(y)title('复数矩阵的羽状图')实例29：立体透视（1）function shili29h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例29');[x,y,z]=meshgrid(-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2);v=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2);grid onfor i=-2:0.5:2;h1=surf(linspace(-2,2,20),...linspace(-2,2,20),...zeros(20)+i);rotate(h1,[1 -1 1],30)dx=get(h1,'xdata');dy=get(h1,'ydata');dz=get(h1,'zdata');delete(h1)slice(x,y,z,v,[-2 2],2,-2)hold onslice(x,y,z,v,dx,dy,dz)hold offaxis tightview(-5,10)drawnowend实例30：立体透视（2）function shili30h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例30');[x,y,z]=meshgrid(-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2);v=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2); [dx,dy,dz]=cylinder;slice(x,y,z,v,[-2 2],2,-2)for i=-2:0.2:2h=surface(dx+i,dy,dz);rotate(h,[1 0 0],90)xp=get(h,'xdata');yp=get(h,'ydata');zp=get(h,'zdata');delete(h)hold onhs=slice(x,y,z,v,xp,yp,zp);axis tightxlim([-3 3])view(-10,35)drawnowdelete(hs)hold offend实例31：表面图形function shili31h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 550 250],...'name','实例31');subplot(1,2,1)x=rand(100,1)*16-8;y=rand(100,1)*16-8;r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;xlin=linspace(min(x),max(x),33); ylin=linspace(min(y),max(y),33); [X,Y]=meshgrid(xlin,ylin);Z=griddata(x,y,z,X,Y,'cubic'); mesh(X,Y,Z)axis tighthold onplot3(x,y,z,'.','Markersize',20) subplot(1,2,2)k=5;n=2^k-1;theta=pi*(-n:2:n)/n;phi=(pi/2)*(-n:2:n)'/n;X=cos(phi)*cos(theta);Y=cos(phi)*sin(theta);Z=sin(phi)*ones(size(theta)); colormap([0 0 0;1 1 1])C=hadamard(2^k);surf(X,Y,Z,C)axis square实例32：沿曲线移动的小球h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[198****8468],...'name','实例32');h1=axes('parent',h0,...'position',[0.15 0.45 0.7 0.5],...'visible','on');t=0:pi/24:4*pi;y=sin(t);plot(t,y,'b')n=length(t);h=line('color',[0 0.5 0.5],...'linestyle','.',...'markersize',25,...'erasemode','xor');k1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','pushbutton',...'position',[80 100 50 30],...'string','开始',...'callback',[...'i=1;',...'k=1;,',...'m=0;,',...'while 1,',...'if k==0,',...'break,',...'end,',...'if k~=0,',...'set(h,''xdata'',t(i),''ydata'',y(i)),',...'drawnow;,',...'i=i+1;,',...'if i>n,',...'m=m+1;,',...'i=1;,',...'end,',...'end,',...'end']);k2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','pushbutton',...'position',[180 100 50 30],...'string','停止',...'callback',[...'k=0;,',...'set(e1,''string'',m),',...'p=get(h,''xdata'');,',...'q=get(h,''ydata'');,',...'set(e2,''string'',p);,',...'set(e3,''string'',q)']); k3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','pushbutton',...'position',[280 100 50 30],...'string','关闭',...'callback','close');e1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','edit',...'position',[60 30 60 20]);t1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','text',...'string','循环次数',...'position',[60 50 60 20]);e2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','edit',...'position',[180 30 50 20]);t2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','text',...'string','终点的X坐标值',...'position',[155 50 100 20]);e3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','edit',...'position',[300 30 50 20]);t3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','text',...'string','终点的Y坐标值',...'position',[275 50 100 20]);实例33：曲线转换按钮h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例33');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=sin(x);h=plot(x,y);grid onhuidiao=[...'if i==1,',...'i=0;,',...'y=cos(x);,',...'delete(h),',...'set(hm,''string'',''正弦函数''),',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'else if i==0,',...'i=1;,',...'y=sin(x);,',...'set(hm,''string'',''余弦函数''),',...'delete(h),',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'end,',...'end'];hm=uicontrol(gcf,'style','pushbutton',...'string','余弦函数',...'callback',huidiao);i=1;set(hm,'position',[250 20 60 20]);set(gca,'position',[0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6])title('按钮的使用')hold on实例34：栅格控制按钮h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例34');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=sin(x);plot(x,y)huidiao1=[...'set(h_toggle2,''value'',0),',...'grid on,',...];huidiao2=[...'set(h_toggle1,''value'',0),',...'grid off,',...];h_toggle1=uicontrol(gcf,'style','togglebutton',...'string','grid on',...'value',0,...'position',[20 45 50 20],...'callback',huidiao1);h_toggle2=uicontrol(gcf,'style','togglebutton',...'string','grid off',...'value',0,...'position',[20 20 50 20],...'callback',huidiao2);set(gca,'position',[0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6])title('开关按钮的使用')实例35：编辑框的使用h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 350 250],...'name','实例35');f='Please input the letter';huidiao1=[...'g=upper(f);,',...'set(h2_edit,''string'',g),',...];huidiao2=[...'g=lower(f);,',...'set(h2_edit,''string'',g),',...];h1_edit=uicontrol(gcf,'style','edit',...'position',[100 200 100 50],...'HorizontalAlignment','left',...'string','Please input the letter',...'callback','f=get(h1_edit,''string'');',...'background','w',...'max',5,...'min',1);h2_edit=uicontrol(gcf,'style','edit',...'HorizontalAlignment','left',...'position',[100 100 100 50],...'background','w',...'max',5,...'min',1);h1_button=uicontrol(gcf,'style','pushbutton',...'string','小写变大写',...'position',[100 45 100 20],...'callback',huidiao1);h2_button=uicontrol(gcf,'style','pushbutton',...'string','大写变小写',...'position',[100 20 100 20],...'callback',huidiao2);实例36：弹出式菜单h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例36');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=sin(x);h=plot(x,y);grid onhm=uicontrol(gcf,'style','popupmenu',...'string',...'sin(x)|cos(x)|sin(x)+cos(x)|exp(-sin(x))',...'position',[250 20 50 20]);set(hm,'value',1)huidiao=[...'v=get(hm,''value'');,',...'switch v,',...'case 1,',...'delete(h),',...'y=sin(x);,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'case 2,',...'delete(h),',...'y=cos(x);,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'case 3,',...'delete(h),',...'y=sin(x)+cos(x);,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'case 4,',...'delete(h),',...'y=exp(-sin(x));,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'end'];set(hm,'callback',huidiao)set(gca,'position',[0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6]) title('弹出式菜单的使用')实例37：滑标的使用h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例37');[x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;h0=mesh(x,y,z);h1=axes('position',...[0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5],...'visible','off');htext=uicontrol(gcf,...'units','points',...'position',[20 30 45 15],...'string','brightness',...'style','text');hslider=uicontrol(gcf,...'units','points',...'position',[10 10 300 15],...'min',-1,...'max',1,...'style','slider',...'callback',...'brighten(get(hslider,''value''))'); 实例38：多选菜单h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例38');[x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;h0=mesh(x,y,z);hlist=uicontrol(gcf,'style','listbox',...'string','default|spring|summer|autumn|winter',...'max',5,...'min',1,...'position',[20 20 80 100],...'callback',[...'k=get(hlist,''value'');,',...'switch k,',...'case 1,',...'colormap default,',...'case 2,',...'colormap spring,',...'case 3,',...'colormap summer,',...'case 4,',...'colormap autumn,',...'case 5,',...'colormap winter,',...'end']);实例39：菜单控制的使用h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例39');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=cos(x);h=plot(x,y);grid onset(gcf,'toolbar','none')hm=uimenu('label','example');huidiao1=[...'set(hm_gridon,''checked'',''on''),',...'set(hm_gridoff,''checked'',''off''),',...'grid on'];huidiao2=[...'set(hm_gridoff,''checked'',''on''),',...'set(hm_gridon,''checked'',''off''),',...'grid off'];hm_gridon=uimenu(hm,'label','grid on',...'checked','on',...'callback',huidiao1);hm_gridoff=uimenu(hm,'label','grid off',...'checked','off',...'callback',huidiao2);实例40：UIMENU菜单的应用h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例40');h1=uimenu(gcf,'label','函数');h11=uimenu(h1,'label','轮廓图',...'callback',[...'set(h31,''checked'',''on''),',...'set(h32,''checked'',''off''),',...'[x,y,z]=peaks;,',...'contour3(x,y,z,30)']);h12=uimenu(h1,'label','高斯分布',...'callback',[...'set(h31,''checked'',''on''),',...'set(h32,''checked'',''off''),',...'mesh(peaks);,',...'axis tight']);。

基于MATLAB数值分析实验报告

基于MATLAB数值分析实验报告班级：072115姓名：李凯学号：20111003943实验二：矩阵与向量运算实验目的：在MATLAB里，会对矩阵与向量进行加、减、数乘、求逆及矩阵特征值运算，以及矩阵的LU分解。

设A是一个n×n方阵，X是一个n维向量，乘积Y=AX可以看作是n维空间变换。

如果能够找到一个标量λ，使得存在一个非零向量X，满足：AX=λX （3.1）则可以认为线性变换T（X）=AX将X映射为λX，此时，称X 是对应于特征值λ的特征向量。

改写式（3.1）可以得到线性方程组的标准形式：（A-λI）X=0 （3.2）式（3.2）表示矩阵（A-λI）和非零向量X的乘积是零向量，式（3.2）有非零解的充分必要条件是矩阵（A-λI）是奇异的，即：det(A-λI)=0该行列式可以表示为如下形式：a11–λa12 (1)a21 a22 –λ…a2n =0 (3.3)…………A n1 a n2 …a nn将式（3.3）中的行列式展开后，可以得到一个n阶多项式，称为特征多项式：f(λ)=det(A-λI)=(-1)n(λn+c1λn-1+c2λn-2+…+c n-1λ+c n) (3.4) n阶多项式一共有n个根（可以有重根），将每个根λ带入式（3.2），可以得到一个非零解向量。

习题：求下列矩阵的特征多项式的系数和特征值λj：3 -1 0A= -1 2 -10-1 3解：在MATLAB中输入命令：A=【3 -1 0；-1 2 -1；0 -1 3】；c=poly(A)roots(c)得到：实验四：Lagrange插值多项式实验目的：理解Lagrange插值多项式的基本概念，熟悉Lagrange插值多项式的公式源代码，并能根据所给条件求出Lagrange插值多项式，理解龙格现象。

%功能：对一组数据做Lagrange插值%调用格式：yi=Lagran_(x,y,xi)%x,y：数组形式的数据表%xi：待计算y值的横坐标数组%yi：用Lagrange还擦之算出y值数组function fi=Lagran_（x,f,xi）fi=zeros(size(xi));np1=length(f);for i=1:np1z=ones(size(xi));for j=i:np1if i~=j,z=z.*(xi-x(j))/(x(i)-x(j));endendfi=fi+z*f(i);endreturn习题：已知4对数据（1.6，3.3），（2.7，1.22），（3.9，5.61），（5.6，2.94）。

基于MATLAB的数值分析(5)

（2）构成字符串的CEM，可以是MATLAB任何合
法的指令、表达式、语句、或M文件名。
(3)第二种格式中的CEM只能是（包含输入宗量
在内的） M函数文件名。
【例】计算“表达式”串，产生向量值。
clear,t=pi;cem='[t/2,t*2,sin(t)]';y=eval(cem)
y =
1.5708
【例】计算“合成”串。
CEM={'cos','sin','tan'}; for k=1:3 theta=pi*k/12; )']);y(1,k)=eval([CEM{1},'(',num2str(theta),' end y y = 0.9659 0.8660 0.7071
二、 feval
[y1,y2,…]=feval(F,arg1,arg2,…) F 可以是函数句柄，函数名字符串，内联函数 feval与函数句柄配套使用【例】对字符串类型函数只能用 eval ，而不能用 feval。 x=pi/4; Ve=eval('1+sin(x)') Ve = 1.7071 Vf=feval('1+sin(x)',x) ??? Error using ==> feval Invalid function name '1+sin(x)'.
（3）feval能对函数名字符串进行操作 dn=feval('eig', A) dn = 0.7568 -0.1488 dn=feval('sin', pi/2)
dn =
1
【例】feval 和eval 调用区别：feval 的FN只接受函数名。本例两种方法以后者为好。 randn('seed',1);A=rand(2,2); [ue,de,ve]=eval('svd(A)'); disp('Results by eval'); disp([ue,de,ve]);disp(blanks(1)) [uf,df,vf]=feval('svd',A); disp('Results by feval');disp([uf,df,vf]) Results by eval -0.9193 -0.3936 1.2212 0 -0.7897 -0.6135

matlab_examples(数值分析)

方程求根数值实验
Experiments in Finding Root of Equation
计算方法课程组
华中科技大学数学与统计学院
1
方程求根 —二分法
一、实验目的
1) 熟悉Matlab编程 ; 2) 应用 Matlab实现二分法，牛顿迭代法等求根算法 ;
二、二分法
基本思想: 二分法通过不断搜索有根区间，最终收缩为一点。算法简单、容易且保证算法收敛。
答案: x=1.3247
f(x)=-7.6580e-005
5
作
业
参看范例代码(.m文件) 独立完成如下编程内容:
6
2
方程求根 —二分法
function [xvect,xdif,fx,nit]=bisect(fun,a,b,toll,nmax)
% % % % % % % % % % 求根算法:二分法 [xvect,xdif,fx,nit]=bisect(fun,a,b,toll,nmax) fun 求根函数名 [a,b] 最初的有根区间的范围 toll 精度,默认为10e-5 nmax 最大迭代次数 xvect 返回所得根 xdif 返回缩小的根区间的长度 fx 返回函数值 nit 返回满足要求的迭代次数
bisect _main.m
x=1:0.01:2;
y=x.^3-x-1; plot(xห้องสมุดไป่ตู้y);hold on;
运行结果:
plot(x,zeros(size(x)),'r-.');
fun=inline('x^3-x-1');
[xvect,xdif,fx,nit]=bisect(fun,1,2,0.005,100);
disp((['

基于MATLAB的数值分析(4)

（1）syms x y u fai t;
f=x/(1+u^2);g=cos(y+fai);fg1=compose(f,g)
fg1 = cos(y+fai)/(1+u^2) （2）fg2=compose(f,g,u,fai,t) ） fg2 = x/(cos(y+t)^2+1)
三、置换操作
1、子表达式置换操作、 [RS,ssub]=subexpr(S,ssub) 运用符号变量ssub置换子表达式，重写为RS. 置换子表达式，运用符号变量置换子表达式重写S为把复杂表达式中所含的多个相同子表达式用一个符号代替，【例】把复杂表达式中所含的多个相同子表达式用一个符号代替，使表达简洁。使表达简洁。 clear all syms a b c d W [V,D]=eig([a b;c d])；； [RVD,W]=subexpr([V;D],W) RVD = [ -(1/2*d-1/2*a-1/2*W)/c, -(1/2*d-1/2*a+1/2*W)/c] [ 1, 1] [ 1/2*d+1/2*a+1/2*W, 0] [ 0, 1/2*d+1/2*a-1/2*W] W = (d^2-2*a*d+a^2+4*b*c)^(1/2)
4.3 符号微积分
一、符号序列的求和 s=symsum(f,v,a,b) : a,b缺省时，自变量区间缺省时，缺省时为[0,v-1]。。
【例】求
∑ [t
t −1 t =0
k3
]
1 ，∑ (2k − 1) 2 k =1
∞
(−1) k k
syms k t;f1=[t k^3];f2=[1/(2*k-1)^2,(-1)^k/k]; s1=simple(symsum(f1)) s2=simple(symsum(f2,1,inf)) s1 =[ 1/2*t*(t-1), k^3*t] s2 =[ 1/8*pi^2, -log(2)]

2-MATLAB在数值分析中的应用

分段插值
一维插值：可以分为最近插值、线性插值、三次样条插值，分段三次Hermite插值。 y=interp1(x0,y0,x) y=interp1(x0,y0,x,’method’) method= nearst: 最近插值 linear: 线性插值（默认值） spline: 分段三次样条插值 pchip:分段三次Hermite插值
-9-
Polyinterp(symbol)
symx =sym(‘x’) P = polyinterp(x0,y0,symx) pretty(P) P = simplify(P) P= x^3-2*x-5 8/3*z*(x-1)*(x-2)+1/2*x*(x-1)*(x-3)3*x*(x-2)*(x-3)-5/6*(-x+1)*(x-2)*(x-3)
0.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-2-
插值和拟合
在平面上给定n个点(xk,yk),可以唯一确定一个最多n-1次的多项式通过这些点，这个多项式叫插值多项式
P(xk ) = yk , k = 1,2,…,n Lagrange插值多项式
x xj P( x ) k 1 j k xk x j
2 3
sk ,0 yk sk ,2 P xk 2
sk ,1 dk sk ,3
hk 2P xk P xk 1
6 P xk 1 P xk 6hk
-21-
x = 1:6; y = [16 18 21 17 15 12];
Lagrange插值多项式基函数
P( x) c1 xn1 c2 xn2 ... cn1 x cn
n 1 x1 n 1 x2 x n 1 n n2 x1 n2 x2

matlab简单程序运用-数值分析篇

1：三次样条插值法h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 50 350 450],...'name','实例86');h1=axes('parent',h0,...'position',[0.10 0.45 0.8 0.5],...'visible','off');x=0:0.2:2*pi;y=sin(x);plot(x,y)b1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','b1',...'style','pushbutton',...'string','三次样条插值',...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[20 60 70 20],...'callback',[...'y=0,',...'sy=0,',...'strn1=get(e2,''string'');,',...'n1=str2num(strn1);,',...'strn2=get(e3,''string'');,',...'n2=str2num(strn2);,',...'x=n1:0.2:n2;,',...'i=1;,',...'for t=n1:0.2:n2,',...'y(i)=sin(t);,',...'sy(i)=san(t,n1,n2);,',...'i=i+1;,',...'end,',...'plot(x,y,''b*'',x,sy,''r-''),',...'axis([0 7 -1.5 1.5]),',...'legend(''sin(x)'',''N-Hermite插值'')']); b2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','b2',...'style','pushbutton',...'string','误差比较',...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[170 60 70 20],...'callback',[...'strdn1=get(e2,''string'');,',...'n1=str2num(strdn1);,',...'strdn2=get(e3,''string'');,',...'n2=str2num(strdn2);,',...'strdn=get(e1,''string'');,',...'dn=str2num(strdn);,',...'dd=abs(sin(dn)-san(dn,n1,n2));,',...'msgbox([''误差为：'',num2str(dd)],''计算结果'')']); e1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','e1',...'style','edit',...'fontsize',12,...'string','1.20',...'horizontalalignment','right',...'backgroundcolor',[1 1 1],...'position',[200 100 40 20]);t1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','t1',...'style','text',...'string','误差点：',...'fontsize',12,...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[160 100 40 20]);e2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','e2',...'style','edit',...'fontsize',12,...'string','1.00',...'horizontalalignment','right',...'backgroundcolor',[1 1 1],...'position',[20 85 40 20]);t2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','t2',...'style','text',...'string','第一节点：',...'fontsize',12,...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[15 105 50 20]);e3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','e3',...'fontsize',12,...'string','3.00',...'horizontalalignment','right',...'backgroundcolor',[1 1 1],...'position',[100 85 40 20]);t3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','t3',...'style','text',...'string','第二节点：',...'fontsize',12,...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[95 105 50 20]);b3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','b3',...'style','pushbutton',...'string','关闭',...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[100 20 60 20],...'callback','close');2：NEWTON插值h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 50 350 450],...'name','实例87');h1=axes('parent',h0,...'position',[0.10 0.45 0.8 0.5],...'visible','off');x=0:0.2:2*pi;y=sin(x);plot(x,y)b1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','b1',...'style','pushbutton',...'string','牛顿插值',...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[20 60 70 20],...'callback',[...'strn=get(e1,''string'');,',...'n=str2num(strn);,',...'x=0:0.2:2*pi;,',...'for t=0:0.2:2*pi,',...'y(i)=sin(t);,',...'ynt(i)=newton(t,n);,',...'i=i+1;,',...'end,',...'plot(x,y,''b*'',x,ynt,''r-''),',...'axis([0 7 -1.5 1.5]),',...'legend(''sin(x)'',''牛顿插值'')']);b2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','b2',...'style','pushbutton',...'string','误差比较',...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[170 60 70 20],...'callback',[...'strn=get(e1,''string'');,',...'n=str2num(strn);,',...'strdn=get(e2,''string'');,',...'dn=str2num(strdn);,',...'dd=abs(sin(dn)-newton(dn,n));,',...'msgbox([''误差为：'',num2str(dd)],''计算结果'')']); e1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','e1',...'style','edit',...'fontsize',12,...'string','5',...'horizontalalignment','right',...'backgroundcolor',[1 1 1],...'position',[50 100 40 20]);e2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','e2',...'style','edit',...'fontsize',12,...'string','1.20',...'horizontalalignment','right',...'backgroundcolor',[1 1 1],...'position',[200 100 40 20]);t1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','t1',...'string','节点数：（<6）',...'fontsize',12,...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[10 100 40 30]);t2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','t2',...'style','text',...'string','误差点：',...'fontsize',12,...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[160 100 40 20]);b3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','b3',...'style','pushbutton',...'string','关闭',...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[100 20 60 20],...'callback','close');3mewton形式的hermite插值h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 50 350 450],...'name','实例89');h1=axes('parent',h0,...'position',[0.10 0.45 0.8 0.5],...'visible','off');x=0:0.2:2*pi;y=sin(x);plot(x,y)b1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','b1',...'style','pushbutton',...'string','N-Hermite插值',...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[20 60 70 20],...'callback',[...'strn1=get(e2,''string'');,',...'n1=str2num(strn1);,',...'strn2=get(e3,''string'');,',...'n2=str2num(strn2);,',...'x=0:0.2:2*pi;,',...'i=1;,',...'for t=0:0.2:2*pi,',...'y(i)=sin(t);,',...'ynh(i)=nhermite(t,n1,n2);,',...'i=i+1;,',...'end,',...'plot(x,y,''b*'',x,ynh,''r-''),',...'axis([0 7 -1.5 1.5]),',...'legend(''sin(x)'',''N-Hermite插值'')']);b2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','b2',...'style','pushbutton',...'string','误差比较',...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[170 60 70 20],...'callback',[...'strdn1=get(e2,''string'');,',...'n1=str2num(strdn1);,',...'strdn2=get(e3,''string'');,',...'n2=str2num(strdn2);,',...'strdn=get(e1,''string'');,',...'dn=str2num(strdn);,',...'dd=abs(sin(dn)-nhermite(dn,n1,n2));,',...'msgbox([''误差为：'',num2str(dd)],''计算结果'')']); e1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','e1',...'style','edit',...'fontsize',12,...'string','1.20',...'horizontalalignment','right',...'backgroundcolor',[1 1 1],...'position',[200 100 40 20]);t1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','t1',...'style','text',...'string','误差点：',...'fontsize',12,...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[160 100 40 20]);e2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','e2',...'style','edit',...'fontsize',12,...'string','1.00',...'horizontalalignment','right',...'backgroundcolor',[1 1 1],...'position',[20 85 40 20]);t2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','t2',...'style','text',...'string','第一节点：',...'fontsize',12,...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[15 105 50 20]);e3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','e3',...'style','edit',...'fontsize',12,...'string','3.00',...'horizontalalignment','right',...'backgroundcolor',[1 1 1],...'position',[100 85 40 20]);t3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','t3',...'style','text',...'string','第二节点：',...'fontsize',12,...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[95 105 50 20]);b3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'units','points',...'tag','b3',...'style','pushbutton',...'string','关闭',...'backgroundcolor',[0.75 0.75 0.75],...'position',[100 20 60 20],...'callback','close');。

数值分析在生活中的应用举例及Matlab实现

一、最小二乘法，用MATLAB实现1. 数值实例下面给定的是乌鲁木齐最近1个月早晨7：00左右（新疆时间）的天气预报所得到的温度，按照数据找出任意次曲线拟合方程和它的图像。

下面用MATLAB编程对上述数据进行最小二乘拟合。

下面用MATLAB编程对上述数据进行最小二乘拟合2、程序代码x=[1:1:30];y=[9,10,11,12,13,14,13,12,11,9,10,11,12,13,14,12,11,10,9,8,7,8,9,11,9,7,6,5,3,1];a1=polyfit(x,y,3) %三次多项式拟合%a2= polyfit(x,y,9) %九次多项式拟合%a3= polyfit(x,y,15) %十五次多项式拟合%b1=polyval(a1,x)b2=polyval(a2,x)b3=polyval(a3,x)r1= sum((y-b1).^2) %三次多项式误差平方和%r2= sum((y-b2).^2) %九次次多项式误差平方和%r3= sum((y-b3).^2) %十五次多项式误差平方和%plot(x,y,'*') %用*画出x,y图像%hold onplot(x,b1, 'r') %用红色线画出x,b1图像%hold onplot(x,b2, 'g') %用绿色线画出x,b2图像%hold onplot(x,b3, 'b:o') %用蓝色o线画出x,b3图像%3、数值结果不同次数多项式拟合误差平方和为：r1=67.6659r2=20.1060r3=3.7952r1、r2、r3分别表示三次、九次、十五次多项式误差平方和。

4、拟合曲线如下图二、线性方程组的求解（高斯-塞德尔迭代算法）1、实例：求解线性方程组（见书P233页）⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=++=-+=+-3612363311420238321321321x x x x x x x x x 记A x=b, 其中⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡=⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡=⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡--=363320,,12361114238321b x A x x x任取初始值()()Tx0000=，进行迭代。

MATLAB数值分析实验五(欧拉法,荣格-库塔法解常微分方程)

佛山科学技术学院实验报告课程名称数值分析实验项目常微分方程问题初值问题数值解法专业班级姓名学号指导教师陈剑成绩日期一. 实验目的1、理解如何在计算机上实现用Euler 法、改进Euler 法、Runge －Kutta 算法求一阶常微分方程初值问题⎩⎨⎧=∈='1)(],[),,()(y a y b a x y x f x y 的数值解。

2、利用图形直观分析近似解和准确解之间的误差。

二、实验要求（1）按照题目要求完成实验内容；（2）写出相应的Matlab 程序；（3）给出实验结果(可以用表格展示实验结果)；（4）分析和讨论实验结果并提出可能的优化实验。

（5）写出实验报告。

三、实验步骤1、用Matlab 编写解常微分方程初值问题的Euler 法、改进Euler 法和经典的四阶Runge-Kutta 法。

2、给定初值问题⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=≤≤-=;1)1(,21,1')1(2y x xy x y⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=≤≤++-=31)0(10,25050')2(2y x x x y y 要求：（a ）用Euler 法和改进的Euler 法(步长均取h=0.05)及经典的四阶Runge-Kutta 法(h=0.1)求（1）的数值解，并打印)10,....2,1,0(1.01=+=i i x 的值。

(b) 用经典的四阶Runge-Kutta 方法解(2)，步长分别取h=0.1, 0.05,0.025,计算并打印)10,....2,1,0(1.0==i i x 个点的值，与准确解25031)(x e x y x +=-比较，并列表写出在x=0.2,0.5,0.8处，对于不同步长h 下的误差，讨论同一节点处，误差随步长的变化规律。

（c ）用Matlab 绘图函数绘制（2）的精确解和近似解的图形。

四、实验结果 %Euler.mfunction y = Euler(x0,xn,y0,h) %Euler 法解方程f_xy ； %x0,y0为初始条件； %x0,xn 为求值区间； %h 为步长； %求区间个数： n = (xn-x0)/h;%矩阵x 存储n+1个节点： x = [x0:h:xn]';%矩阵y 存储节点处的值： y = [y0;zeros(n,1)];%矩阵y_存储节点处导数值： y_(1)= f_xy(x0,y0); y_ = [y_(1);zeros(n,1)];%进行迭代（欧拉法迭代；求导数）： for i = 2:n+1y (i) = y(i-1)+h*y_(i-1); y_(i) = f_xy(x(i),y(i)); end%Imp_Euler.mfunction y = Imp_Euler(x0,xn,y0,h)%改进的Euler法解方程f_xy；%x0,y0为初始条件；%x0,xn为求值区间；%h为步长；%求区间个数：n = (xn-x0)/h;%矩阵x存储n+1个节点：x = [x0:h:xn]';%矩阵y存储节点处的值：y = [y0;zeros(n,1)];%矩阵y_存储节点处导数值：y_(1)= f_xy(x0,y0);y_ = [y_(1);zeros(n,1)];%使用改进Euler法求值（欧拉法求近似；近似点导数；梯形校正；求导）：for i = 2:n+1y_l = y(i-1) + h*y_(i-1);y_l = f_xy(x(i),y_l);y(i) = y(i-1) + (h/2)*(y_(i-1)+y_l);y_(i)= f_xy(x(i),y(i));end%R_Kutta4.mfunction y = R_Kutta4(x0,xn,y0,h)%Runger_Kutta法解方程f_xy；%x0,y0为初始条件；%x0,xn为求值区间；%h为步长；%求区间个数：n = (xn-x0)/h;%矩阵x存储n+1个节点：x = [x0:h:xn]';%矩阵y存储节点处的值：y = [y0;zeros(n,1)];%矩阵k1,k2,k3,k4存储各节点（中点）数值：k1(1)= f_xy(x0,y0);k1 = [k1(1);zeros(n,1)];k2(1)= f_xy(x0+h/2,y0+h*k1(1)/2);k2 = [k2(1);zeros(n,1)];k3(1)= f_xy(x0+h/2,y0+h*k2(1)/2);k3 = [k3(1);zeros(n,1)];k4(1)= f_xy(x0+h,y0+h*k3(1));k4 = [k4(1);zeros(n,1)];for i= 2:n+1y(i) = y(i-1)+(h/6)*(k1(i-1)+2*k2(i-1)+2*k3(i-1)+k4(i-1));k1(i)= f_xy(x(i),y(i));k2(i)= f_xy(x(i)+h/2,y(i)+h*k1(i)/2);k3(i)= f_xy(x(i)+h/2,y(i)+h*k2(i)/2);k4(i)= f_xy(x(i)+h,y(i)+h*k3(i));end（a）：%f_xy.mfunction y_=f_xy(x,y)%求解第五次作业第一题的点（x,y）处的导数；y_ = 1/(x^2) - y/x;%run521.mclc,clear;x0 = 1;xn = 2;h = 0.05;y0 = 1;%便于显示出x，与y对应：x = [x0:h:xn]';y = Euler(x0,xn,y0,h);YE =[x,y];y = Imp_Euler(x0,xn,y0,h); YIE= [x,y];h = 0.1;x = [x0:h:xn]';y = R_Kutta4(x0,xn,y0,h); YRK= [x,y];(b)： %f_xy.mfunction y_=f_xy(x,y) %求第二个方程的导数： y_ = -50*y+50*(x^2)+2*x;%run522.mclc,clear; x0 = 0; xn = 1; y0 = 1/3; %步长0.1： h = 0.1; x = [x0:h:xn]';y = R_Kutta4(x0,xn,y0,h); y_r= f_Real(x); Y1 = [x,y,y_r];%步长0.05： h = 0.05; x = [x0:h:xn]';y = R_Kutta4(x0,xn,y0,h); y_r= f_Real(x); Y2 = [x,y,y_r]; %步长0.025： h = 0.025; x = [x0:h:xn]';y = R_Kutta4(x0,xn,y0,h); y_r= f_Real(x); Y3 = [x,y,y_r];五、讨论分析(a)从结果可以看出使用RK 方法，步长较大但是结果也更加精确； (b)分析求值结果的误差，可以发现当步长取0.1时，误差是超级大的（10^8数量级），但是当步长缩小一半取0.05时，误差就很小了，再缩小一半，误差就更小了。

(完整word版)matlab数值分析例题

1、在MATLAB 中用Jacobi 迭代法讨论线性方程组,1231231234748212515x x x x x x x x x -+=⎧⎪-+=-⎨⎪-++=⎩（1）给出Jacobi 迭代法的迭代方程，并判定Jacobi 迭代法求解此方程组是否收敛。

（2）若收敛，编程求解该线性方程组.解（1）：A=[4 -1 1;4 —8 1;-2 1 5］ %线性方程组系数矩阵A =4 -1 1 4 -8 1 —2 1 5>> D=diag(diag(A)）D =4 0 0 0 —8 0 0 0 5〉〉 L=—tril （A,-1) ％ A 的下三角矩阵L =0 0 0 —4 0 0 2 —1 0〉〉U=-triu(A，1）% A的上三角矩阵U =0 1 —10 0 —10 0 0B=inv（D）*（L+U）% B为雅可比迭代矩阵B =0 0.2500 —0。

25000.5000 0 0.12500。

4000 —0.2000 0〉〉r=eigs(B,1）%B的谱半径r =0。

3347 〈1Jacobi迭代法收敛。

(2）在matlab上编写程序如下:A=[4 —1 1;4 -8 1;—2 1 5]；〉〉b=［7 —21 15］'；>〉x0=［0 0 0]’;〉〉［x,k］=jacobi（A,b，x0，1e—7)x =2。

00004.00003。

0000k =17附jacobi迭代法的matlab程序如下：function [x,k］=jacobi（A,b，x0，eps)% 采用Jacobi迭代法求Ax=b的解％A为系数矩阵％b为常数向量％x0为迭代初始向量％eps为解的精度控制max1= 300; %默认最多迭代300，超过300次给出警告D=diag（diag（A）)；％求A的对角矩阵L=-tril(A，—1); %求A的下三角阵U=—triu（A,1); %求A的上三角阵B=D\(L+U);f=D\b;x=B＊x0+f；k=1；%迭代次数while norm（x-x0）>=epsx0=x;x=B＊x0+f；k=k+1;if（k〉=max1)disp(’迭代超过300次，方程组可能不收敛’）；return；endend2、设有某实验数据如下：（1)在MATLAB中作图观察离散点的结构,用多项式拟合的方法拟合一个合适的多项式函数；（2）在MATLAB中作出离散点和拟合曲线图。

一些经典的数值分析(matlab程序)

1、牛顿迭代法此方法一般用来求函数的根，速度比较快，程序比较简单。

文件newton.m 内容如下%n表示迭代次数，ret为返回值function ret=newton(n)format longy=inline('x^3+10*x-20');z=inline('3*x^2+10');x0=1.5;for i=1:na=y(x0);b=z(x0);x1=x0-a/b;x0=x1;endret=x12、复合Simpson求积分很简单的一种求定积分的方法，将求积区间分成很多小的曲边梯形，再累加。

文件mulsimpson.m内容如下%复化simpson求积分%a,b表示区间，n表示区间数function ret=mulsimpson(a,b,n)h=(b-a)/n;detsum=0;for i=1:n-1xk=a+i*h;detsum=detsum+fun(xk);endret=h*(fun(a)+fun(b)+2*detsum)/2;%内建函数function z=fun(x)z=exp(-x*x);3、4阶龙格-库塔法求积分此方法速度较快，编程较方便文件step4Runge.m内容如下%4阶Runge-Kutta 法%a,b为积分区间，N为划分数目，y0为初值，函数由fun定义function ret=step4Runge(a,b,N,y0)format longh=(b-a)/N;n=1;x0=a;for n=1:Nx=x0+h;k1=fun(x0,y0);k2=fun(x0+h/2,y0+h*k1/2);k3=fun(x0+h/2,y0+h*k2/2);k4=fun(x0+h,y0+h*k3);y=y0+h*(k1+2*(k2+k3)+k4)/6;x0=xy0=yend%积分函数定义function z=fun(x,y)z=1+y*y;4、Gauss_Seidel迭代解线性方程相比消元法，编程较为容易文件Gauss_Seidel.m内容如下%此函数演示高斯-赛德尔迭代%a表示系数矩阵，b表示值矩阵，n表示系数矩阵阶数，M表示迭代次数%注意b为列向量function y=Gauss_Seidel(a,b,n,M)format longx0=[0;0;0];for k=1:Mfor i=1:ns=0;t=x0(i);for j=1:nif j~=is=s+a(i,j)*x0(j);endendx0(i)=(b(i)-s)/a(i,i);endendy=x0;5、高斯列主消元法此方法为解线性方程组常用方法，先化简增广矩阵，然后回代求解。

matlab编程实例100例

1-32是：图形应用篇33-66是：界面设计篇67-84是：图形处理篇85-100是：数值分析篇实例1：三角函数曲线（1）function shili01h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[198 56 350 300],...'name','实例01');h1=axes('parent',h0,...'visible','off');x=-pi:0.05:pi;y=sin(x);plot(x,y);xlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('SIN( )函数曲线');grid on实例2：三角函数曲线（2）function shili02h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例02');x=-pi:0.05:pi;y=sin(x)+cos(x);plot(x,y,'-*r','linewidth',1);grid onxlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('三角函数');实例3：图形的叠加function shili03h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例03');x=-pi:0.05:pi;y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);plot(x,y1,...'-*r',...x,y2,...'--og');grid onxlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('三角函数');实例4：双y轴图形的绘制function shili04h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例04');x=0:900;a=1000;b=0.005;y1=2*x;y2=cos(b*x);[haxes,hline1,hline2]=plotyy(x,y1,x,y2,'semilogy','plot'); axes(haxes(1))ylabel('semilog plot');axes(haxes(2))ylabel('linear plot');实例5：单个轴窗口显示多个图形function shili05h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例05');t=0:pi/10:2*pi;[x,y]=meshgrid(t);subplot(2,2,1)plot(sin(t),cos(t))axis equalsubplot(2,2,2)z=sin(x)-cos(y);plot(t,z)axis([0 2*pi -2 2])subplot(2,2,3)h=sin(x)+cos(y);plot(t,h)axis([0 2*pi -2 2])subplot(2,2,4)g=(sin(x).^2)-(cos(y).^2);plot(t,g)axis([0 2*pi -1 1])实例6：图形标注function shili06h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 400],...'name','实例06');t=0:pi/10:2*pi;h=plot(t,sin(t));xlabel('t=0到2\pi','fontsize',16);ylabel('sin(t)','fontsize',16);title('\it{从0to2\pi 的正弦曲线}','fontsize',16) x=get(h,'xdata');y=get(h,'ydata');imin=find(min(y)==y);imax=find(max(y)==y);text(x(imin),y(imin),...['\leftarrow最小值=',num2str(y(imin))],...'fontsize',16)text(x(imax),y(imax),...['\leftarrow最大值=',num2str(y(imax))],...'fontsize',16)实例7：条形图形function shili07h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例07');tiao1=[562 548 224 545 41 445 745 512];tiao2=[47 48 57 58 54 52 65 48];t=0:7;bar(t,tiao1)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('TIAO1值');h1=gca;h2=axes('position',get(h1,'position'));plot(t,tiao2,'linewidth',3)set(h2,'yaxislocation','right','color','none','xticklabel',[]) 实例8：区域图形function shili08h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例08');x=91:95;profits1=[88 75 84 93 77];profits2=[51 64 54 56 68];profits3=[42 54 34 25 24];profits4=[26 38 18 15 4];area(x,profits1,'facecolor',[0.5 0.9 0.6],...'edgecolor','b',...'linewidth',3)hold onarea(x,profits2,'facecolor',[0.9 0.85 0.7],...'edgecolor','y',...'linewidth',3)hold onarea(x,profits3,'facecolor',[0.3 0.6 0.7],...'edgecolor','r',...'linewidth',3)hold onarea(x,profits4,'facecolor',[0.6 0.5 0.9],...'edgecolor','m',...'linewidth',3)hold offset(gca,'xtick',[91:95])set(gca,'layer','top')gtext('\leftarrow第一季度销量')gtext('\leftarrow第二季度销量')gtext('\leftarrow第三季度销量')gtext('\leftarrow第四季度销量')xlabel('年','fontsize',16);ylabel('销售量','fontsize',16);实例9：饼图的绘制function shili09h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例09');t=[54 21 35;68 54 35;45 25 12;48 68 45;68 54 69];x=sum(t);h=pie(x);textobjs=findobj(h,'type','text');str1=get(textobjs,{'string'});val1=get(textobjs,{'extent'});oldext=cat(1,val1{:});names={'商品一：';'商品二：';'商品三：'};str2=strcat(names,str1);set(textobjs,{'string'},str2)val2=get(textobjs,{'extent'});newext=cat(1,val2{:});offset=sign(oldext(:,1)).*(newext(:,3)-oldext(:,3))/2; pos=get(textobjs,{'position'});textpos=cat(1,pos{:});textpos(:,1)=textpos(:,1)+offset;set(textobjs,{'position'},num2cell(textpos,[3,2]))实例10：阶梯图function shili10h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 400],...'name','实例10');a=0.01;b=0.5;t=0:10;f=exp(-a*t).*sin(b*t);stairs(t,f)hold onplot(t,f,':*')hold offglabel='函数e^{-(\alpha*t)}sin\beta*t的阶梯图'; gtext(glabel,'fontsize',16)xlabel('t=0:10','fontsize',16)axis([0 10 -1.2 1.2])实例11：枝干图function shili11h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例11');x=0:pi/20:2*pi;y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);h1=stem(x,y1+y2);hold onh2=plot(x,y1,'^r',x,y2,'*g');hold offh3=[h1(1);h2];legend(h3,'y1+y2','y1=sin(x)','y2=cos(x)') xlabel('自变量X');ylabel('函数值Y');title('正弦函数与余弦函数的线性组合');实例12：罗盘图function shili12h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例12');winddirection=[54 24 65 84256 12 235 62125 324 34 254];windpower=[2 5 5 36 8 12 76 14 10 8];rdirection=winddirection*pi/180;[x,y]=pol2cart(rdirection,windpower); compass(x,y);desc={'风向和风力','气象台','10月1日0：00到','10月1日12：00'};gtext(desc)实例13：轮廓图function shili13h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例13');[th,r]=meshgrid((0:10:360)*pi/180,0:0.05:1); [x,y]=pol2cart(th,r);z=x+i*y;f=(z.^4-1).^(0.25);contour(x,y,abs(f),20)axis equalxlabel('实部','fontsize',16);ylabel('虚部','fontsize',16);h=polar([0 2*pi],[0 1]);delete(h)hold oncontour(x,y,abs(f),20)实例14：交互式图形function shili14h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例14');axis([0 10 0 10]);hold onx=[];y=[];n=0;disp('单击鼠标左键点取需要的点'); disp('单击鼠标右键点取最后一个点'); but=1;while but==1[xi,yi,but]=ginput(1);plot(xi,yi,'bo')n=n+1;disp('单击鼠标左键点取下一个点');x(n,1)=xi;y(n,1)=yi;endt=1:n;ts=1:0.1:n;xs=spline(t,x,ts);ys=spline(t,y,ts);plot(xs,ys,'r-');hold off实例14：交互式图形function shili14h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例14');axis([0 10 0 10]);hold onx=[];y=[];n=0;disp('单击鼠标左键点取需要的点'); disp('单击鼠标右键点取最后一个点'); but=1;while but==1[xi,yi,but]=ginput(1);plot(xi,yi,'bo')n=n+1;disp('单击鼠标左键点取下一个点');x(n,1)=xi;y(n,1)=yi;endt=1:n;ts=1:0.1:n;xs=spline(t,x,ts);ys=spline(t,y,ts);plot(xs,ys,'r-');hold off实例15：变换的傅立叶函数曲线function shili15h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例15');axis equalm=moviein(20,gcf);set(gca,'nextplot','replacechildren') h=uicontrol('style','slider','position',...[100 10 500 20],'min',1,'max',20) for j=1:20plot(fft(eye(j+16)))set(h,'value',j)m(:,j)=getframe(gcf);endclf;axes('position',[0 0 1 1]);movie(m,30)实例16：劳伦兹非线形方程的无序活动function shili15h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例15');axis equalm=moviein(20,gcf);set(gca,'nextplot','replacechildren') h=uicontrol('style','slider','position',...[100 10 500 20],'min',1,'max',20) for j=1:20plot(fft(eye(j+16)))set(h,'value',j)m(:,j)=getframe(gcf);endclf;axes('position',[0 0 1 1]);movie(m,30)实例17：填充图function shili17h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例17');t=(1:2:15)*pi/8;x=sin(t);y=cos(t);fill(x,y,'r')axis square offtext(0,0,'STOP',...'color',[1 1 1],...'fontsize',50,...'horizontalalignment','center') 例18：条形图和阶梯形图function shili18h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例18');subplot(2,2,1)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);bar(x,y)title('2-D Bar Chart')subplot(2,2,2)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);bar3(x,y,'r')title('3-D Bar Chart')subplot(2,2,3)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);stairs(x,y)title('Stair Chart')subplot(2,2,4)x=-3:0.2:3;y=exp(-x.*x);barh(x,y)title('Horizontal Bar Chart')实例19：三维曲线图function shili19h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 400],...'name','实例19');subplot(2,1,1)x=linspace(0,2*pi);y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);y3=sin(x)+cos(x);z1=zeros(size(x));z2=0.5*z1;z3=z1;plot3(x,y1,z1,x,y2,z2,x,y3,z3)grid onxlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure1:3-D Plot')subplot(2,1,2)x=linspace(0,2*pi);y1=sin(x);y2=cos(x);y3=sin(x)+cos(x);z1=zeros(size(x));z2=0.5*z1;z3=z1;plot3(x,z1,y1,x,z2,y2,x,z3,y3)grid onxlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure2:3-D Plot')实例20：图形的隐藏属性function shili20h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 300],...'name','实例20');subplot(1,2,1)[x,y,z]=sphere(10);mesh(x,y,z)axis offtitle('Figure1:Opaque')hidden onsubplot(1,2,2)[x,y,z]=sphere(10);mesh(x,y,z)axis offtitle('Figure2:Transparent') hidden off实例21PEAKS函数曲线function shili21h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 100 450 450],...'name','实例21');[x,y,z]=peaks(30);subplot(2,1,1)x=x(1,:);y=y(:,1);i=find(y>0.8&y<1.2);j=find(x>-0.6&x<0.5);z(i,j)=nan*z(i,j);surfc(x,y,z)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure1:surfc函数形成的曲面') subplot(2,1,2)x=x(1,:);y=y(:,1);i=find(y>0.8&y<1.2);j=find(x>-0.6&x<0.5);z(i,j)=nan*z(i,j);surfl(x,y,z)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');zlabel('Z轴');title('Figure2:surfl函数形成的曲面')实例22：片状图function shili22h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 550 350],...'name','实例22');subplot(1,2,1)x=rand(1,20);y=rand(1,20);z=peaks(x,y*pi);t=delaunay(x,y);trimesh(t,x,y,z)hidden offtitle('Figure1:Triangular Surface Plot'); subplot(1,2,2)x=rand(1,20);y=rand(1,20);z=peaks(x,y*pi);t=delaunay(x,y);trisurf(t,x,y,z)title('Figure1:Triangular Surface Plot'); 实例23：视角的调整function shili23h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例23');x=-5:0.5:5;[x,y]=meshgrid(x);r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;subplot(2,2,1)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure1')view(-37.5,30)subplot(2,2,2)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure2')view(-37.5+90,30)subplot(2,2,3)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure3')view(-37.5,60)subplot(2,2,4)surf(x,y,z)xlabel('X-axis')ylabel('Y-axis')zlabel('Z-axis')title('Figure4')view(180,0)实例24：向量场的绘制function shili24h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例24');subplot(2,2,1)z=peaks;ribbon(z)title('Figure1')subplot(2,2,2)[x,y,z]=peaks(15);[dx,dy]=gradient(z,0.5,0.5); contour(x,y,z,10)hold onquiver(x,y,dx,dy)hold offtitle('Figure2')subplot(2,2,3)[x,y,z]=peaks(15);[nx,ny,nz]=surfnorm(x,y,z);surf(x,y,z)hold onquiver3(x,y,z,nx,ny,nz)hold offtitle('Figure3')subplot(2,2,4)x=rand(3,5);y=rand(3,5);z=rand(3,5);c=rand(3,5);fill3(x,y,z,c)grid ontitle('Figure4')实例25：灯光定位function shili25h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例25');vert=[1 1 1;1 2 1;2 2 1;2 1 1;1 1 2;12 2;2 2 2;2 1 2];fac=[1 2 3 4;2 6 7 3;4 3 7 8;15 8 4;1 2 6 5;5 6 7 8];grid offsphere(36)h=findobj('type','surface');set(h,'facelighting','phong',...'facecolor',...'interp',...'edgecolor',[0.4 0.4 0.4],...'backfacelighting',...'lit')hold onpatch('faces',fac,'vertices',vert,...'facecolor','y');light('position',[1 3 2]);light('position',[-3 -1 3]); material shinyaxis vis3d offhold off实例26：柱状图function shili26h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 50 450 450],...'name','实例26');subplot(2,1,1)x=[5 2 18 7 39 8 65 5 54 3 2];bar(x)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');title('第一子图');subplot(2,1,2)y=[5 2 18 7 39 8 65 5 54 3 2];barh(y)xlabel('X轴');ylabel('Y轴');title('第二子图');实例27：设置照明方式function shili27h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例27');subplot(2,2,1)sphereshading flatcamlight leftcamlight rightlighting flatcolorbaraxis offtitle('Figure1')subplot(2,2,2)sphereshading flatcamlight leftcamlight rightlighting gouraudcolorbaraxis offtitle('Figure2')subplot(2,2,3)sphereshading interpcamlight rightcamlight leftlighting phongcolorbaraxis offtitle('Figure3')subplot(2,2,4)sphereshading flatcamlight leftcamlight rightlighting nonecolorbaraxis offtitle('Figure4')实例28：羽状图function shili28h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 350],...'name','实例28');subplot(2,1,1)alpha=90:-10:0;r=ones(size(alpha));m=alpha*pi/180;n=r*10;[u,v]=pol2cart(m,n);feather(u,v)title('羽状图')axis([0 20 0 10])subplot(2,1,2)t=0:0.5:10;x=0.05+i;y=exp(-x*t);feather(y)title('复数矩阵的羽状图')实例29：立体透视（1）function shili29h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例29');[x,y,z]=meshgrid(-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2);v=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2);grid onfor i=-2:0.5:2;h1=surf(linspace(-2,2,20),...linspace(-2,2,20),...zeros(20)+i);rotate(h1,[1 -1 1],30)dx=get(h1,'xdata');dy=get(h1,'ydata');dz=get(h1,'zdata');delete(h1)slice(x,y,z,v,[-2 2],2,-2)hold onslice(x,y,z,v,dx,dy,dz)hold offaxis tightview(-5,10)drawnowend实例30：立体透视（2）function shili30h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例30');[x,y,z]=meshgrid(-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2,...-2:0.1:2);v=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2); [dx,dy,dz]=cylinder;slice(x,y,z,v,[-2 2],2,-2)for i=-2:0.2:2h=surface(dx+i,dy,dz);rotate(h,[1 0 0],90)xp=get(h,'xdata');yp=get(h,'ydata');zp=get(h,'zdata');delete(h)hold onhs=slice(x,y,z,v,xp,yp,zp);axis tightxlim([-3 3])view(-10,35)drawnowdelete(hs)hold offend实例31：表面图形function shili31h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 550 250],...'name','实例31');subplot(1,2,1)x=rand(100,1)*16-8;y=rand(100,1)*16-8;r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;xlin=linspace(min(x),max(x),33); ylin=linspace(min(y),max(y),33); [X,Y]=meshgrid(xlin,ylin);Z=griddata(x,y,z,X,Y,'cubic'); mesh(X,Y,Z)axis tighthold onplot3(x,y,z,'.','Markersize',20)subplot(1,2,2)k=5;n=2^k-1;theta=pi*(-n:2:n)/n;phi=(pi/2)*(-n:2:n)'/n;X=cos(phi)*cos(theta);Y=cos(phi)*sin(theta);Z=sin(phi)*ones(size(theta));colormap([0 0 0;1 1 1])C=hadamard(2^k);surf(X,Y,Z,C)axis square实例32：沿曲线移动的小球h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[198 56 408 468],...'name','实例32');h1=axes('parent',h0,...'position',[0.15 0.45 0.7 0.5],...'visible','on');t=0:pi/24:4*pi;y=sin(t);plot(t,y,'b')n=length(t);h=line('color',[0 0.5 0.5],...'linestyle','.',...'markersize',25,...'erasemode','xor');k1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','pushbutton',...'position',[80 100 50 30],...'string','开始',...'callback',[...'i=1;',...'k=1;,',...'m=0;,',...'while 1,',...'if k==0,',...'break,',...'end,',...'if k~=0,',...'set(h,''xdata'',t(i),''ydata'',y(i)),',...'drawnow;,',...'i=i+1;,',...'if i>n,',...'m=m+1;,',...'i=1;,',...'end,',...'end,',...'end']);k2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','pushbutton',...'position',[180 100 50 30],...'string','停止',...'callback',[...'k=0;,',...'set(e1,''string'',m),',...'p=get(h,''xdata'');,',...'q=get(h,''ydata'');,',...'set(e2,''string'',p);,',...'set(e3,''string'',q)']); k3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','pushbutton',...'position',[280 100 50 30],...'string','关闭',...'callback','close');e1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','edit',...'position',[60 30 60 20]);t1=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','text',...'string','循环次数',...'position',[60 50 60 20]);e2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','edit',...'position',[180 30 50 20]); t2=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','text',...'string','终点的X坐标值',...'position',[155 50 100 20]); e3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','edit',...'position',[300 30 50 20]); t3=uicontrol('parent',h0,...'style','text',...'string','终点的Y坐标值',...'position',[275 50 100 20]);实例33：曲线转换按钮h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例33');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=sin(x);h=plot(x,y);grid onhuidiao=[...'if i==1,',...'i=0;,',...'y=cos(x);,',...'delete(h),',...'set(hm,''string'',''正弦函数''),',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'else if i==0,',...'i=1;,',...'y=sin(x);,',...'set(hm,''string'',''余弦函数''),',...'delete(h),',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'end,',...'end'];hm=uicontrol(gcf,'style','pushbutton',...'string','余弦函数',...'callback',huidiao);i=1;set(hm,'position',[250 20 60 20]);set(gca,'position',[0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6])title('按钮的使用')hold on实例34：栅格控制按钮h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例34');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=sin(x);plot(x,y)huidiao1=[...'set(h_toggle2,''value'',0),',...'grid on,',...];huidiao2=[...'set(h_toggle1,''value'',0),',...'grid off,',...];h_toggle1=uicontrol(gcf,'style','togglebutton',...'string','grid on',...'value',0,...'position',[20 45 50 20],...'callback',huidiao1);h_toggle2=uicontrol(gcf,'style','togglebutton',...'string','grid off',...'value',0,...'position',[20 20 50 20],...'callback',huidiao2);set(gca,'position',[0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6])title('开关按钮的使用')实例35：编辑框的使用h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 350 250],...'name','实例35');f='Please input the letter';huidiao1=[...'g=upper(f);,',...'set(h2_edit,''string'',g),',...];huidiao2=[...'g=lower(f);,',...'set(h2_edit,''string'',g),',...];h1_edit=uicontrol(gcf,'style','edit',...'position',[100 200 100 50],...'HorizontalAlignment','left',...'string','Please input the letter',...'callback','f=get(h1_edit,''string'');',...'background','w',...'max',5,...'min',1);h2_edit=uicontrol(gcf,'style','edit',...'HorizontalAlignment','left',...'position',[100 100 100 50],...'max',5,...'min',1);h1_button=uicontrol(gcf,'style','pushbutton',...'string','小写变大写',...'position',[100 45 100 20],...'callback',huidiao1);h2_button=uicontrol(gcf,'style','pushbutton',...'string','大写变小写',...'position',[100 20 100 20],...'callback',huidiao2);实例36：弹出式菜单h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例36');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=sin(x);h=plot(x,y);grid onhm=uicontrol(gcf,'style','popupmenu',...'string',...'sin(x)|cos(x)|sin(x)+cos(x)|exp(-sin(x))',...'position',[250 20 50 20]);set(hm,'value',1)huidiao=[...'v=get(hm,''value'');,',...'switch v,',...'case 1,',...'delete(h),',...'y=sin(x);,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'case 2,',...'delete(h),',...'y=cos(x);,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'case 3,',...'delete(h),',...'y=sin(x)+cos(x);,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'case 4,',...'y=exp(-sin(x));,',...'h=plot(x,y);,',...'grid on,',...'end'];set(hm,'callback',huidiao)set(gca,'position',[0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6])title('弹出式菜单的使用')实例37：滑标的使用h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例37');[x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;h0=mesh(x,y,z);h1=axes('position',...[0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5],...'visible','off');htext=uicontrol(gcf,...'units','points',...'position',[20 30 45 15],...'string','brightness',...'style','text');hslider=uicontrol(gcf,...'units','points',...'position',[10 10 300 15],...'min',-1,...'max',1,...'style','slider',...'callback',...'brighten(get(hslider,''value''))');实例38：多选菜单h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例38');[x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;z=sin(r)./r;h0=mesh(x,y,z);hlist=uicontrol(gcf,'style','listbox',...'string','default|spring|summer|autumn|winter',...'max',5,...'min',1,...'position',[20 20 80 100],...'callback',[...'k=get(hlist,''value'');,',...'switch k,',...'case 1,',...'colormap default,',...'case 2,',...'colormap spring,',...'case 3,',...'colormap summer,',...'case 4,',...'colormap autumn,',...'case 5,',...'colormap winter,',...'end']);实例39：菜单控制的使用h0=figure('toolbar','none',...'position',[200 150 450 250],...'name','实例39');x=0:0.5:2*pi;y=cos(x);h=plot(x,y);grid onset(gcf,'toolbar','none')hm=uimenu('label','example');huidiao1=[...'set(hm_gridon,''checked'',''on''),',...'set(hm_gridoff,''checked'',''off''),',...'grid on'];huidiao2=[...'set(hm_gridoff,''checked'',''on''),',...'set(hm_gridon,''checked'',''off''),',...'grid off'];hm_gridon=uimenu(hm,'label','grid on',...'checked','on',...'callback',huidiao1);hm_gridoff=uimenu(hm,'label','grid off',...'checked','off',...'callback',huidiao2);实例40：UIMENU菜单的应用。

MATLAB数值分析实例解析

2016-2017 第一学期数值分析上机实验报告姓名： xxx学号： 20162…….学院：土木工程学院导师：………..联系电话：…………..指导老师：………..目录第一题 (1)1.1题目要求 (1)1.2程序编写 (1)1.3计算结果及分析 (2)第二题 (4)2.1题目要求 (4)2.2程序编写 (4)2.3计算结果及分析 (6)第三题 (7)3.1题目要求 (7)3.2程序编写 (7)3.3计算结果及分析 (8)第四题 (9)4.1题目要求 (9)4.2程序编写 (9)4.3计算结果及分析 (10)第五题 (11)5.1题目要求 (11)5.2程序编写 (12)5.3计算结果及分析 (13)第六题 (17)6.1题目要求 (17)6.2程序编写 (17)6.3计算结果及分析 (18)6.4程序改进 (18)第一题选做的是第（1）小问。

1.1题目要求编出不动点迭代法求根的程序；把x3+4x2−10=0写成至少四种x=g(x)的形式，取初值x0=1.5,进行不动点迭代求根，并比较收敛性及收敛速度。

1.2程序编写1.3计算结果及分析① 第一种迭代公式：x =x 3+4x 2+x −10； matlab 计算结果如下：（以下为命令行窗口的内容）② 第二种迭代公式：x =√(10−x 3)/42； matlab 计算结果如下：（以下为命令窗口内容）③ 第三种迭代公式：x =√10(x +4)⁄2； matlab 计算结果如下：（以下为命令窗口内容）⁄；matlab计算结果如下：④第四种迭代公式：x=10(x2+4x)（以下为命令窗口内容）上述4种迭代公式，1、4两种由于在x真实值附近|g`(x)|>1,不满足迭代局部收敛条件，所以迭代序列不收敛。

对于2、3两种式子，由于在x真实值附近|g`(x)|<=L<1,满足迭代局部收敛条件,所以迭代序列收敛。

对于2、3两迭代公式，由于L3<L2,所以第3个迭代公式比第2个迭代公式收敛更快。

MATLAB应用实例分析例分析

MATLAB应用实例分析例分析Matlab应用例题选讲仅举一些运用MATLAB的例子，这些问题在数学建模中时常遇到，希望能帮助同学们在短时间内方便、快捷的使用MATLAB 解决数学建模中的问题，并善用这一工具。

常用控制命令:clc:%清屏; clear:%清变量; save:%保存变量; load:%导入变量一、利用公式直接进行赋值计算本金P以每年n次，每次i%的增值率(n与i的乘积为每年增值额的百分比)增加，当增加到r×P 时所花费的时间T为:(利用复利计息公式可得到下式) lnrnT() r，P,P(1，0.01i),T,r,2,i,0.5,n,12nln(1，0.01i)MATLAB 的表达形式及结果如下:>> r=2;i=0.5;n=12; %变量赋值>> T=log(r)/(n*log(1+0.01*i)) 计算结果显示为:T = 11.5813即所花费的时间为T=11.5813 年。

分析:上面的问题是一个利用公式直接进行赋值计算问题，实际中若变量在某个范围变化取很多值时，使用MATLAB，将倍感方便，轻松得到结果，其绘图功能还能将结果轻松的显示出来，变量之间的变化规律将一目了然。

若r在[1,9]变化，i在[0.5,3.5]变化;我们将MATLAB的表达式作如下改动，结果如图1。

r=1:0.5:9;i=0.5:0.5:3.5;n=12;p=1./(n*log(1+0.01*i));T=log(r')*p;plot(r,T)xlabel('r') %给x轴加标题ylabel('T') %给y轴加标题q=ones(1,length(i));text(7*q-0.2,[T(14,1:5)+0.5,T(14,6)-0.1,T(14,7)-0.9],num2str(i'))40350.5302520T 1151.510 22.55 33.50123456789r图11从图1中既可以看到T随r的变化规律，而且还能看到i的不同取值对T—r 曲线的影响(图中的六条曲线分别代表i的不同取值)。

数值分析MATLAB实验报告

实验 2.1 多项式插值的震荡现象问题提出：考虑在一个固定的区间上用插值逼近一个函数。

显然Lagrange 插值中使用的节点越多，插值多项式的次数越高，我们自然关心插值多项式的次数增加时，)(x L n 是否也更加靠近被逼近的函数。

Runge 给出的一个例子是极著名并富有启发性的。

设区间[-1,1]上函数.2511)(2xx f +=实验内容：考虑空间[-1,1]的一个等距划分，分点为 nix i 21+-=， =i 0，1,2 ...,n , 则拉格朗日插值多项式为)(2511)(02x l xx L ini n ∑=+=. 其中，n i x l i ,...,2,1,0),(=是n 次Lagrange 插值基函数。

实验要求：（1）选择不断增大的分点数目,...,3,2=n 画出原函数)(x f 及插值多项式函数)(x L n 在[-1,1]上的图像，比较并分析实验结果。

（2）选择其他的函数，例如定义在区间[-5,5]上的函数 ,1)(4xxx h +=)arctan()(x x g =，重复上述的实验看其结果如何。

首先编写拉格朗日插值函数的Matlab 实现： Matlab 程序为：function y=lagrange(x0,y0,x) %Lagrange 插值 n=length(x0); m=length(x); for i=1:m z=x(i); s=0.0; for k=1:n p=1.0; for j=1:n if(j~=k)p=p*(z-x0(j))/(x0(k)-x0(j)); end ends=s+p*y0(k); endy(i)=s; end（1）当函数为.2511)(2xx f +=时， Matlab 程序为：x=linspace(-1,1,100); y=1./(1+25*x.^2); plot(x,y) hold on; for i=2:2:10x0=linspace(-1,1,i+1); y0=1./(1+25*x0.^2); y=laglanri(x0,y0,x); plot(x,y,'r--') hold on end运行结果：结果分析：从图上看到在区间[-1，1]的两端点附近，随着插值点数的增加，插值函数)(x L n 与)(x f 偏离的越远，而且出现了振荡现象。