2017年全国翻译专业资格考试CATTI二级《笔译实务》教材原文及参考译文
2017年下半年11月全国翻译专业考试二级笔译实务真题(含官方参考译文-CATTI考试)
2017年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷备注：该参考译文来源于官方指定的新世界出版社出版发行的《英语笔译实务真题解析2级》，仅供参考。
Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points)Passage 1Y ou’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research s hows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with parents responsible for our well-being, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve as “transitional objects.” The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. We extend our dependence on parents to these animals, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self.A cell phone has the potential to be a “compensatory attachment” obje ct. Although phones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that “healthy, normal adults also report significant emotional attachment to special objects”Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cell phone subscriptions exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours per day. Phones have distinct advantages. They can be kept by your side and they provide a social connection to the people you care about. Even if you’re not talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages, and follow them on social media. Y ou can track them in real time but also look back on memorable moments together. These channels help you “feel less alone”.Passage 2Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat environment deterioration in air quality, water quality and production in developing countries. Health education serves as a viable role for every member in the world. But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs, habitude and people.Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country's economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal.For the most part, economists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate. Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately allocated to other areas of the economy.Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently.Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries protected by quotas hire workers locally. Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from foreign companies. Without competition, local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.Section 2: Chinese-English translation(汉译英)(50points)Passage 1。
20175月二级笔译考试真题和答案解析
2016年5月英语二级笔译真题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Passage 1Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 whe n she realizedthat her passport was miss ing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall ' s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage toKe nya: waitress ing, doing secretarial work, temp ing at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England ' southern coast. Now all this was for n aught, it seemed.It ' s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her liferather conseque—ial as they have turned out to be to con servati on, to scie nee, to our sense of ourselves as a species—might have un folded differe ntly had some one not found her passport, along with an it in erary from Cook ' s, the travel age ncy, folded in side, and delivered it to theCook' s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock.“In credible, ” Goodall told me last mon th, recalli ng that day. “ Amazi ng.With in two mon ths of her arrival, Goodall met the pale on tologist Louis Leakey——Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days ——and he immediately offered her a job at the n atural-history museum where he was curator. He spe nt much of the n ext three years test ing her capacity for repetitive work.He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpa nzees share an evoluti onary an cestor. Close study of chimpa nzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us someth ing about that com mon proge nitor. He was, in other words, look ing for some one to live among Africa ' s wild an imals. One ni ght, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpa nzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tangany ika (now Tanzani a).In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over thewarm, deep waters of Lake Tangany ika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe.Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools —extract ing in sects from atermite mound with leaves of grass —drastically and forever altered huma nity ' understa nding of itself; man was no Ion ger the n atural world ' s only user of tools.After two and a half decades of liv ing out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scie ntist to con servati oni st.Passage 2Scien tists have found the first evide nee that briny water flowed on the surface of Mars as rece ntly as last summer, a paper published on Mon day showed, rais ing the possibility that the pla net could support life.Although the source and the chemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will cha nge scie ntists ' thinking about whether the pla net that is most like Earth in the solar system could support prese nt day microbial life.The discovery was made whe n scie ntists developed a new tech nique to an alyze chemical maps of the surface of Mars obtained by NASA s Mars Reconnaissanee Orbiter spacecraft.They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planet region. s equatorial The slopes appear duri ng the warm summer mon ths on Mars, the n vanish whe n the temperatures drop. Scien tists suspected the streaks were cut by flow ing water, but previously had bee n un able to make the measureme nts.Mars Reconn aissa nce Orbiter makes its measureme nts duri ng the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated mi nerals, would have evaporated.Also, the chemical-se nsing in strume nt on the orbit ing spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the n arrow streaks, which typically are less tha n 16 feet wide.But Ojha and colleagues created a computer program that could scrutinizein dividual pixels. That data was the n correlated with high-resolutio n images of the streaks. Scie ntists concen trated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100 perce nt match betwee n their locati ons and detect ions of hydrated salts.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Passage 1人口问题归根结底是发展问题。
二级笔译翻译参考书
1、百度经验你好，我于今年5月份通过了CATTI二级笔译，我觉得综合能力基本上不是很难，而实务是重中之重。
既然你还没有通过专八，建议你综合能力看一本词汇——《英语备考词汇全攻略2级》，一本语法——《薄冰高级英语语法》。
实务只要看中国石化出版社全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试命题研究组编《笔译实务测试高分突破2级》足矣，这本书比官方指定教材要新一些，错误也要少一些。
自己尝试实务的时候感觉时间很紧，实务考试的时候大概要达到怎样的翻译速度比较好呢？我个人认为，如果你能够在考试时尽可能减少翻词典的次数，再加上平时训练手写的速度，应该能够解决这个问题。
而第一点是需要充分扩大词汇量，即把《英语备考词汇全攻略2级》里面上万个词汇记得很熟练才能做到的。
根据考试大纲，英译汉速度要达到每小时500-600个单词，汉译英速度要达到每小时300-400个汉字。
我想这就是实务考试时大概要达到的翻译速度。
2、个人经验CATTI二级笔译考试主要考察个人双语基础能力，所以只要基础扎实、尽量不犯小错、语言得体流畅，考生们应该是可以通过的，下面说说个人的一些经验：1. 语言基础首先不能将二笔考试和四六级或专业四八级考试相比较。
翻译考试不同于一般的应试考试，翻译考试考查的是平时的积累和语言基础，我认为就CATTI笔译的两门考试科目《综合能力》和《实务》来说，语言基础大体要求如下：难度水平：三笔：综合接近专四或六级；实务难度接近专八翻译；二笔：综合接近专八及GRE；实务难度难于专八，而且篇幅，时间要求远高于专八翻译题。
词汇要求：三笔：扎实掌握5000以上词汇二笔：扎实掌握8000以上词汇（注意：是扎实掌握，而且是以上）知识面：对各中常见领域的基础知识和专业词汇需要有一定的了解。
知识面对于做翻译非常重要，一方面是要积累英语文化知识，多看看英美概况的书籍，多读跨文化交际的文章，对文学、语言学都要有浅显了解；另一方面还要扩充专业知识，多看看各门类的基础书籍（如经济，同学们最起码就应该知道什么叫无形的手）。
2017年5月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及汉译英答案
2017年5月CATTI英语二级笔译真题一、英译汉第一篇：出自The 2030 Agenda For Sustainable DevelopmentThis Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom. We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.We are resolved to free the human race from the alleviation of poverty and heal and protect our planet.We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilient path.The 17Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we are announcing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this new universal Agenda. They seek to build on the Millennium Development Goals and complete what these did not achieve. They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions ofsustainable development: the economic, social and environmental.We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to sustainable development.Billions of our citizens continue to live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity.There are rising inequalities within and among countries. Gender inequality remains a key challenge. Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, is a major concern. Global health threats, more frequent and intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forced displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades.Natural resource depletion and adverse impacts of environmental degradation, including desertification, drought, land degradation,freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity, add to and exacerbate the list of challenges which humanityfaces.Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achieve sustainable development.The Millennium Development Goals were agreed 15 years ago provided an important framework for development andsignificant progress has been made in a number of areas. But the progress has been uneven, particularly in Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing States, and some of the Millennium Development Goals remain off-track,in particular those related to maternal, newborn and child health and to reproductive health. We recommit ourselves to the full realization of all the Millennium Development Goals, including the off-track Millennium Development Goals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistance to least developed countries and other countries in special situations, in line with relevant support programs. The new Agenda builds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to complete what these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the most vulnerable countries.二、英译汉第二篇：出自2010年EconomistEntrepreneurs in Silicon Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy.The three letters usually stand for Uniform Resource Locator—the unique address of any file that is accessible via the internet. But in the world of internet start-ups, URL has another meaning: Ubiquity first, Revenue Later. This pretty much describes the strategy of most big online socialnetworks, which over the past few years have concentrated on piling on users rather than worrying about profits.That has allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised a big question-mark over their ability to make money from the audiences they have put together.At issue is whether the social-networking industry can come up with a wildly successful form of advertising in the same way that Google has been able to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that run alongside the search results it serves up. Without such a formula,runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will never amount to much.Doubters claim that the networks face two big handicaps. The first is that people logged into social-networking sites are there to hang out with their friends, so they will pay no attention to ads. The second is that because the sites let users generate their own content, they will find it hard to attract advertisers because brands will not want to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity,obscenity or nudity—or all three at once.But the broader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging. One reason is that advertisers are being drawn to the leading sites by their sheer scale. Facebook's audience isbigger than any TV network that has ever existed on the face of the earth. Another thing that has attracted companies is the networks' ability to target ads with laser-like precision, thanks to the data they hold on their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth. Although there are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next to racy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk now that the networks' advertising proposition has become more compelling.In addition to advertising-driven business model, networks are already making healthy profits from sales of games and virtual goods. The beauty of this business for social networks is that the cost of producing and storing virtual inventory is minimal. Moreover, because these are closed markets, networks can fix prices at levels that generate fat margins. To some, the notion that big money can be made from selling make-believe items may seem bizarre. But the practice replicates the physical presents that people give to one another to cement relationships in the real world.三、汉译英第一篇：出自中国五矿集团公司介绍本公司是全球最大最强的冶金建设运营服务商，拥有24万在职员工，资产规模超7000亿元，境外机构、资源项目与承建工程遍布全球60多个国家和地区。
2017年11月翻译资格二级英语口译实务真题
2017年11月翻译资格二级英语口译实务真题Part 1 English to Chinese InterpretingPassage 1匹兹堡经济转型对中国的借鉴意义中国经济增长缓慢，因为中国经济一直以来都有赖于政府的扶持。
中国经济一直以来主要重心都放在了重工业，基础设施以及出口。
中国创造了发展的奇迹速度，现在这个速度不再，我认为这是一种健康的表现。
中国政府正在寻求经济转型，从过去自上而下的经济体制转而成为自下而上的经济体制。
美国也曾经有过许多重工业城市通过经济转型实现了新的跨越。
他们在转型上面的做法是值得中国借鉴的，其中就包括匹兹堡市。
过去，匹兹堡主要依赖的是重工业，然而随着经济的发展，这种经济结构的危害逐步显现，严重制约了经济的进一步发展，并带来了严重的环境污染，于是，匹兹堡市开始引入私有资产，着重发展服务业。
包括医疗，零售等行业。
中产阶级在经济结构转型中也起着十分重要的角色，中产阶级家庭的花费覆盖了社会生活的方方面面，包括教育，医疗等，为了吸引更多中产阶级家庭入住匹兹堡市，匹兹堡政府新建基础设施，降低犯罪率，并提供更多工作机会。
中国要想在经济转型中充分发挥中产阶级的作用，那么应该让中产阶级家庭安心生活，他们才敢更多的花钱而不是存钱。
匹兹堡市还重点关注发展教育，因为教育可以可以提升就业率，有利于引进人才，发展高科技领域。
匹兹堡市特别成立了匹兹堡大学，充分发挥其在研究领域的作用，还新建了一个医药研究中心，这是该地区最大的研究中心，中心的地址过去是当地的一家有名的钢铁厂。
美国城市的经济转型，对于中国当前情况有很好的借鉴作用。
Passage 2机器人和气候变化的影响在未来几年内，将有两个变化会产生，一个是机器人，一个是全球变暖。
我个人认为随着技术发展机器人将会代替人工劳动力。
机器人技术迅速发展，将在很多经济领域代替人工劳动力。
对于有特殊技能和良好教育背景的人来说，这是一个好的机会，他们将可以利用新科技提高自己的价值和收入，但是对于只拥有普通技能的人来说，这是个不好的时机，随着机器人的发展，他们将会大面积替代简单的劳动力。
20XX年11月翻译资格英语二级笔译真题及译文-口译笔译考试.doc
2017年11月翻译资格英语二级笔译真题及译文-口译笔译考试“2017年11月翻译资格英语二级笔译真题及译文”，希望能给考生提供帮助。
2017年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文EC Passage 1You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.你有过这种经历吗?手机一时放错了地方，忘了在哪，急急忙忙返回寻找;手机从不离身，总是握在手里，揣在兜里或者放在包里，时刻准备回复消息，查找内容。
一整天过去了，一旦发现手机没电，简直觉得自己也要没电了。
最新研究揭示了极端“手机依赖症”背后的心理动因：根据依恋理论，手机简直成了我们大多数人小时候恋恋不舍的泰迪熊。
2017年上半年5月全国翻译专业考试英语二级《笔译实务》真题(含官方参考译文)
2017年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试题备注：该参考译文来源于官方指定的新世界出版社出版发行的《英语笔译实务真题解析2级》，仅供参考。
Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points)Passage 1This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom. We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.We are resolved to free the human race from the alleviation of poverty and heal and protect our planet. We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilient path.The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we are announcing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this new universal Agenda. They seek to build on the Millennium Development Goals and complete what these did not achieve. They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental.We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to sustainable development. Billions of our citizens continue to live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity. There are rising inequalities within and among countries. Gender inequality remains a key challenge. Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, is a major concern. Global health threats, more frequent and intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forced displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades. Natural resource depletion and adverse impacts of environmental degradation, including desertification, drought, landed gradation, freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity, add to and exacerbate the list of challenges which humanity faces. Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achieve sustainable development.The Millennium Development Goals agreed 15years ago provided an important framework for development and significant progress has been made in a number ofareas. But the progress has been uneven, particularly in Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing States, and some of the Millennium Development Goals remain off-track, in particular those related to maternal, newborn and child health and to reproductive health. We recommit ourselves to the full realization of all the Millennium Development Goals, including the off-track Millennium Development Goals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistance to least developed countries and other countries in special situations, in line with relevant support programs. The new Agenda builds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to complete what these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the most vulnerable countries.Passage 2Entrepreneurs in Silicon V alley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy. The three letters usually stand for Uniform Resource Locator—the unique address of any file that is accessible via the internet. But in the world of internet start-ups, URL has another meaning: Ubiquity first, Revenue Later. This pretty much describes the strategy of most big online social networks, which over the past few years have concentrated on piling on users rather than worrying about profits. That has allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised a big question-mark over their ability to make money from the audiences they have put together. And the issue is whether the social-networking industry can come up with a wildly successful form of advertising in the same way that Google has been able to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that run alongside the search results it serves up. Without such a formula, runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will never amount to much. Doubters claim that the networks face two big handicaps. The first is that people logged into social-networking sites are there to hang out with their friends, so they will pay no attention to ads. The second is that because the sites let users generate their own content, they will find it hard to attract advertisers because brands will not want to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity,obscenity or nudity—or all three at once.But the broader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging. One reason is that advertisers are being drawn to the leading sites by their sheer scale. Facebook's audience is bigger than any TV network that has ever existed on the face of the earth. Another thing that has attracted companies is the networks' ability to target ads with laser-like precision, thanks to the data they hold on their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth. Although there are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next to racy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk now that the networks' advertising proposition has become more compelling.。
CATTI二级笔译实务最全
2003年12月英语二级笔译实务试题Section 1: English – Chinese Translation (英译汉)Part ANowhere to GoFor the latest on the pursuit of the American Dream in Silicon Valley, all you have to do is to talk to someone like “Nagaraj” (who didn’t want to reveal his real name). He’s an Indian immigrant who, like many other Indian engineers, came to America recently on an H-1B visa, which allows skilled workers to be employed by one company for as many as six years. But one morning last month, Nagaraj and a half dozen other Indian workers with H-1Bs were called into a conference room in their San Francisco technology-consulting firm and told they were being laid off. The reason: weakening economic conditions in Silicon Valley, “It was the shock of my lifetime,” says Nagaraj.This is not a normal bear-market sob story. According to federal regulation, Nagaraj and his colleagues have two choices. They must either return to India, or find another job in a tight labor market and hope that the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) allow them to transfer their visa to the new company. And the law doesn’t allow them to earn a pay-check until all the paperwork winds its way through the INS bureaucracy. “How am I going to survive without any job and without any income?” Nagaraj wonders.Until recently, H-1B visas were championed by Silicon Valley companies as the solution to the region’s shortage of programmers and engineers. First issued by the INS in 1992, they attract skilled workers from other countries, many of whom bring families with them, lay down roots and apply for the more permanent green cards. Through February 2000, more than 81,000 worker held such visas —but with the dot-com crash, many have been getting laid off. That’s causing mass consternation in U.S. immigrant communities. The INS considers a worker “out of status” when he loses a job, which technically means that he must pack up and go home. But because of the scope of this year’s layoffs, the U.S. government has recently backpedaled, issuing a confusing series of statements that suggest workers might be able to stay if they qualify for some exceptions and can find a new company to sponsor their visa. But even those loopholes remain nebulous. The result is thousands of immigrants now face dimming career prospects in America, and the possibilities that they will be sent home. “They are in limbo. It is the greatest form of torture,” says Amar Veda of the Silicon Valley-based Immigrants Support Network.The crisis looks especially bad in light of all the heated visa rhetoric by Silicon Valley companies in the past few years. Last fall the industry won a big victory by getting Congress to approve an increase in the annual number of H-1B visas. Now, with technology firms retrenching, demand for such workers is slowing. Valley heavyweights like Intel, Cisco and Hewlett-Packard have all announced thousands of layoffs this year, which include many H-1B workers. The INS reported last month that only 16,000 new H-1B workers came to the United States in February —down from 32,000 in February of last year.Last month, acknowledging the scope of the problem, the INS told H-1B holders “not to panic,” and that there would be a grace period for laid-off workers before they had to leave the United States. INS spokeswomen Eyleen Schmidt promises that more specific guidance will come this month. “We are aware of the cutbacks,” she says. “We’re trying to be as generous as we can be within the confines of the existing law.”Part BTopic 1 (选题一)What Is the Force of Gravity?If you throw a ball up, it will come down again. What makes it come down? The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth. The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects. Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away. This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity. The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth’s surface is called the weight of the object.All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon, the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects.The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravity. Thus, since the moon is a smaller body than Earth, the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth’s surface. In fact, the moon’s gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth. This means that an object weighing 120 kilograms on Earth will only weigh 20 kilograms on the moon. Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth.The Earth’s gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space. To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull.Entry into SpaceHow can we overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull? Scientists have been working on this for a long time. It is only recently that they have been able to build machines powerful enough to get out of the Earth’s gravitational pull. Such machines are called space rockets. Their great speed and power help them to escape from the Earth’s gravitational pull and go into space.RocketsThe powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket. The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head. The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel. It is a mixture of chemicals that will burn rapidly to form hot gases.At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle. A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle. A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.When the gunpowder burns, hot gases rush out of the nozzle. The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder burns. When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards. This is called jet propulsion. The simple experiment, shown in the picture, will help you to understand jet propulsion.Topic 2 （选题二）Basketball DiplomacyCHINA”S TALLEST SOLDIER never really expected to live the American Dream. But Wang Zhizhi, a 7-foot-1 basketball star from the People’s Liberation Army, is making history as the first Chinese player in the NBA. In his first three weeks in America the 23-year-old rookie has already cashed his first big NBA check, preside over “Wang Zhizhi Day” in San Francisco and become immortalized on his very own trading cards. He’s even played in five games with his new team, the Dallas Mavericks, scoring 24 points in just 38 minutes. Now the affable Lieutenant Wang is joining the Mavericks on their ride into the NBA playoffs —and he is intent on enjoying every minute. One recent evening Wang slipped into the hot tub behind the house of Mavericks assistant coach Donn Nelson. He leaned back, stretched out and pointed at a plane moving across the star-filled sky. In broken English, he started singing his favorite tune: “I believe I can fly. I believe I can touch the sky.”Back in China, the nation’s other basketball phenom, Yao Ming , can only dream of taking flight. Yao thought he was going to be the first Chinese player in the NBA. The 7-foot-5 Shanghai sensation is more highly touted than Wang: the 20-year-old could be the No.1 overall pick in the June NBA draft. But as the May 13 deadline to enter the draft draws near, Yao is still waiting for a horde of business people and apparatchiks to decide his fate. Last week, as Wang scored 13 points in the Dallas season finale, Yao was wading through a stream of bicycles on a dusty Beijing street.Yao and Wang are more than just freaks of nature in basketball shorts. The twin towers are national treasures, symbols of China’s growing stature in the world. They’re also emblematic of the NBA’s outsize dreams for conquering China. The NBA, struggling at home, sees salvation in the land of 1.3 billion potential hoop fans. China, determined to win the 2008 Olympics and join the World Trade Organization, is eager to make its mark on the world —on its own terms. The two-year struggle to get these young players into the NBA has been a cultural collision —this one far removed from U.S.-China bickering over spy planes and trade liberalization. If it works out, it could be —in basketball parlance —the ultimate give-and-go. “This is just like Ping-Pong diplomacy,”says Xia Song, a sport-marketingexecutive who represents Wang. “Only with a much bigger ball.”Two years ago it looked more like a ball and chain. Wang’s Army bosses were miffed when the Mavericks had the nerve to draft their star back in 1999. Nelson remembers flying to Beijing with the then owner Ross Perot Jr. —son of the eccentric billionaire —to hammer out a deal with the stone-faced communists of the PLA. “You could hear them thinking: ‘What is this NBA team doing, trying to lay claim to our property?’” Nelson recalls. “We tried to explain that this was an honor for Wang and for China.” There was no deal. Wang grew despondent and lost his edge on court.This year Yao became the anointed one. He eclipsed Wang in scoring and rebounding, and even stole away his coveted MVP award in the Chinese Basketball Association league. It looked as if his Shanghai team —a dynamic semicapitalist club in China’s most open city —would get its star to the NBA first.Then came the March madness. Wang broke out of his slump to lead the Army team to its sixth consecutive CBA title —scoring 40 in the final game. A day later the PLA scored some points of its own by announcing that Wang was free to go West. What inspired the change of heart? No doubt the Mavericks worked to build trust with Chinese officials (even inviting national- team coach Wang Fei to spend the 1999-2000 season in Dallas). There was also the small matter of Chinese pride. The national team stumbled to a 10th-place finish at the 2000 Olympics, after placing eighth in 1996. Even the most intransigent cadre could see that the team would improve only if it sent its stars overseas to learn from the world’s best players.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation （汉译英）Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）（20 points）中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。
2017年全国翻译专业资格考试CATTI二级《笔译实务》教材原文及参考译文
2017年全国翻译专业资格考试CATTI二级《笔译实务》教材原文及参考译文全国翻译专业资格考试CATTI二级《笔译实务》教材原文及参考译文A Survey of the Olympic GamesThe Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event2 subdivided into summer and winter games. They are each held every four years. Until 1992，they were both held in the same year. Since then, they have been separated two years apart3.There are more than 20 Summer Olympics sports, including swimming, basketball, soccer, gymnastics, boxing, weight-lifting, yachting, cycling and equestrian events. Skiing, ice-skating and ice hockey are among the 7 Winter Game sports. A competitor must be the citizen of the country he or she represents. No more than three entries from any country are permitted in each event(4 in the winter games). Only one team per country is allowed ina team sport4.There are many myths surrounding the origin of the ancient Olympic Games. The most popular legend describes that Heracles5 was the creator of the Olympic Games and built the Olympic stadium and surrounding buildings as an honor to his father, Zeus after completing his 12 labors6. According to that legend, he walked in a straight line for 400 strides and called this distance a “ stadium" that later also be came a distance calculation unit. This is also why a modern stadium is 400 meters in circumference length (1 stadium = 400 meters).From then on，the Olympic Games were quickly becoming more and more important throughout ancient Greece, reaching their zenith in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. The Olympics wereof fundamental religious importance, contests alternating with sacrifices and ceremonies honoring both Zeus (whose colossal statue stood at Olympia)，and Pelops，divine hero and mythical king of Olympia famous for his legendary chariot7 race，in whose honor the games were held. The number of events increased to 20，and the celebration was spread over several days. Winners of the events were greatly admired and were immortalized in poems and statues8. The Games were held every four years, and the period between two celebrations became known as an “Olympiad"9. The Gr eeks used Olympiads as one of their methods to count years. The most famous Olympic athlete lived in these times: the 6th century BC wrestler, Milo Croton, is the only athlete in history to win a victory in six Olympics.The Games gradually declined in importance after the Romans gained power in Greece. After Emperor Theodosius I10 made Christianity the religion of the Empire11 and banned pagan rites, theOlympic Games were outlawed as a pagan festival in 393 AD.In 1894，a French noble man，Pierrde，called a meeting in Paris that led to the first modern Olympic Games, held in Athens in 1896. Thirteen nations sent a total of 285 men, and the Games were revived. Since then the Olympics have been held in different cities of the world once every four years, with the exception of war years 1916, 1940 and 1944. Women first competed in 1912. In 1924 the Winter Olympics were instituted at Chamonix, France.The Olympic Games should be a good occasion to promote world sports，understanding and friendship among different nations, but unfortunately the Games were frequently affectedby politics resulting in the boycotts of the Games. The 1956 Melbourne Olympics were the first Olympics that were boycotted by the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland.In 1980 and 1984, the Cold War opponents12 boycotted each other's games. Sixty-five nations refused to compete at the Moscow Olympics13 in 1980 because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The boycott reduced the number of nations participating to only 81，the lowest number of nations to compete since 1956. The Soviet Union and 14 of its Eastern Bloc14 partners (except Romania) countered by skipping the Los Angeles Olympics15 in 1984.注释这是一篇介绍奥林匹克运动会历史的短文，选自《百科全书》。
CATTI二级笔译实务之英译汉(一)A
英译汉（一）AIt was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about.With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here."With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this," Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of the local fishermen’s cooperative, exulted as he moved into position. "That is a fortune for people like us," he said, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work.But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a "mother boat" equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move into the river’ s main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets.A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad.In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the peasants’ less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations."The industrial fishing boats, the big 20-to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account," said the president of the local fishermen’s union. "They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing.在亚马逊河的这一支流上捕鱼的农民就希望遇上那天的情况。
翻译二级笔译实务-7
翻译二级笔译实务-7(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.The Dreadlock DeadlockIn the fall of 1993 Christopher Polk transferred from FedEx's hub in Indianapolis to take over a delivery route in Flatbush District, Brooklyn, N.Y. But moving to the country's largest community of Caribbean and African immigrants only precipitated a far more profound journey. "I was becoming culturally aware of the history of the black people," says Polk, now 31, "and that gave me these spiritual questions." His answer came providentially, by way of a music video featuring Lord Jamai, who raps about the Rastafarian belief in the sanctity of dreadlocks —the cords of permanently interlocked strands first worn by African chiefs perhaps 6,000 years ago.Now a practicing Rastafarian, Polk sports thick garlands that gently cascade onto his shoulders. "Your hair is your covenant," he says. "Once you grow your locks, it puts you on a path." Unfortunately, that path was a collision course with Federal Express's grooming policy, which requires men to confine their dos to "a reasonable style". After years of deliberation, Polk's bosses gave him a choice: shear his locks or be transferred to a lower-paid job with no customer contact. He refused both options and was terminated in June 2000.His tale is not unique. Although Rastafarians number about 5,000 nationally, today dreadlocks, twists or braids are at the height of fashion, nearly as common as Afros were 30 years ago. If Afros symbolized militancy, dreads signal a more spiritual self-declaration, a figurative locking with African ancestors. As Stanford professor Kennell Jackson, who teaches a course called "African Coiffures and Their New World Legacies" puts it, "There's a divinity to these locks." Divine or not, some employers consider them unacceptably outré. Six other New York-area FedEx employees have lost their jobs because of dreadlocks. They have sued, alleging religious discrimination; the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and New York's attorney general have also charged FedEx with violating religious protections in the Civil Rights Act.The dreadlock deadlock may be easing. FedEx altered its policy slightly a few weeks ago: in the future, observant employees who seek a waiver may wear their locks tucked under uniform hats, says a company spokeswoman. The concession isn't enough to settle the lawsuits yet. The EEOC also wants reinstatement for the fired drivers, says trial attorney Michael Ranis. He's optimistic. Some new styles, he knows, grow more appealing over time.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：“骇人”长发绺的僵局1993年秋季，联邦快递职员克里斯托夫·波尔科由印地安诺波利斯市的公司总部调职到纽约市的布鲁克林，负责弗拉特布什区的一个投递线路。
二笔实务考题参考材料译文
二级笔译改革开放30多年来，西藏通过深化改革和扩大开放积极推动全区商业、对外贸易和旅游产业加快发展，不仅增强了与内地的交流，同时也加强了与世界的联系和合作。
Over the past 30-odd years, Tibet has been committed to deepening reform and opening up as a way to expedite the development of commerce, foreign trade and tourism across the region. As a result, we have seen closer communication between Tibet and other parts of the country and more active engagement and cooperation between the region and the outside world.1993年，西藏与全国一道开始建立“框架一致、体制衔接”的社会主义市场经济体制，深化物资、粮食、日用消费品等领域价格流通改革并全面进入市场。
Back in 1993, Tibet joined the rest of the country to introduce the socialist market economy that is consistent in framework and system across the country. Tibet worked to deepen the reform of pricing and circulation along the lines of production essentials, grain and daily necessities and embraced market force across the board.目前，西藏已经深深融入全国统一的市场体系，来自全国和世界各地的商品源源不断地进入西藏，丰富着城乡市场和百姓生活。
CATTI二级笔译实务之英译汉(一)B
英译汉（一）BEver since the economist David Ricardo offered the basic theory in 1817, economic scripture has taught that open trade ―free of tariffs, quotas, subsidies or other government distortions ―improves the well-being of both parties. U.S. policy has implemented this doctrine with a vengeance. Why is free trade said to be universally beneficial The answer is a doctrine called "comparative advantage".Here’s a simple analogy. If a surgeon is highly skilled both at doing operations and performing routine blood tests, it’s more efficient for the surgeon to concentrate on the surgery and pay a less efficient technician to do the tests, since that allows the surgeon to make the most efficient use of her own time.By extension, even if the United States is efficient both at inventing advanced biotechnologies and at the routine manufacture of medicines, it makes sense for the United States to let the production work migrate to countries that can make the stuff more cheaply. Americans get the benefit of the cheaper products and get to spend their resources on even more valuable pursuits. That, anyway, has always been the premise. But here Samuelson dissents. What if the lower-wage country also captures the advanced industryIf enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers to outsourcing, he calculates, then the gain from the cheaper prices may not compensate for the loss in U.S. purchasing power."Free trade is not always a win-win situation," Samuelson concludes. It is particularly a problem, he says, in a world where large countries with far lower wages, like India and China, are increasingly able to make almost any product or offer almost any service performed in the United States.If America trades freely with them, then the powerful drag of their far lower wages will begin dragging down U.S. average wages. The U.S. economy may still grow, fie calculates, but at a lower rate than it otherwise would have.自从经济学家李嘉图于1817年提出基本理论以来，经济学方面的经典著作都说自由贸易免除关税、限额和补贴，也没有政府的其它小动作，因此会增加双方的利益。
2017年上半年口译二级实务真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2017年上半年口译二级实务真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. English-Chinese Translation 2. Chinese-English TranslationPART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes)Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now let’s begin.听力原文：Seventeen years into the new century, we all eagerly look forward to a world with no war. Yet when we look back, we see a spreading global violence that has come to threaten the very foundation of our international system. More people fled their home countries last year than at any other time in our historical records. Around the world, almost 60 million have been displaced by conflicts and wars. Nearly 20 million of them are refugees, and more than half are children. Their numbers are growing and accelerating, every single day, on every continent. As I speak to you, more refugees from Syria are fleeing to Europe, and this has triggered a humanitarian crisis not seen since the end of World War II. These refugees rely on us, members of the international community, for their survival and hope. They will not forget what we do. Yet, even as this tragedy unfolds, some of the countries most able to help are shutting their gates to people seeking asylum. Borders are closing, refugees are being pushed back, and hostility is rising. Many humanitarian organizations run on tight budgets, unable to meet the spiraling needs of such a huge number of victims. We have reached a moment of truth. This unprecedented humanitarian crisis could cause world stability to fall apart. Yet many countries have become either passive observers or distant players in the conflicts driving so many innocent civilians from their homes. As this humanitarian disaster unfolds, it is urgent for all the countries with leverage over the parties to these conflicts to put aside their differences and come together to create the conditions for ending the crisis. But in the meantime, the international community must collectively shoulder the burden of helping the victims of war. It is simply not acceptable for the international community to stand by as less wealthy countries like Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan which host a great part of refugees in the Middle East become overwhelmed and unstable. Since the beginning of civilizations, we have considered refugees as deserving our protection. Whatever our differences, we have a fundamental obligation to shelter those fleeing from wars and conflicts. Yet today, some of the wealthiest countries are challenging this ancient principle, casting refugees as just job seekers or terrorists. This is a dangerous course of action, short-sighted, morally wrong, and, in some cases, in breach of international law and obligations. It is time for these countries to stop hiding behind closed doors. Rich nations must recognize refugees for what they are, namely, victims fleeing from wars they are unable to prevent or stop. The wealthy countries must decide on whether to shoulder their fair share of responsibility, at home and abroad, or to hide behind walls as a growing anarchy spreads across theworld. For us all, the choice is clear: either allow the cancer of forced displacement to spread untreated, or manage the crisis together. We have the solutions and the expertise. It won’t be easy, but it will be worth it. History has shown that reaching our hands to victims of wars and conflicts will create goodwill and prosperity for generations. The international community needs to renew its commitment to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its principles that require us to help refugees. We are duty-bound. We should offer safe harbor, both in our own countries and in the epicenters of the crises and help refugees restore their lives. We must not fail in this common endeavor.1．Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear each passage only once. Now, let’s begin.正确答案：在新世纪第十七个年头到来之际，我们大家都殷切期盼着一个没有战争的世界。
二级笔译考试练习题及答案
二级笔译考试练习题及答案2017年二级笔译考试练习题及答案【原文1】 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.【分析】增词法是在翻译时按意义上(或修辞上)和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。
当然不是无中生有地随意增词，而是增加原文中虽然无其词但是有其意的`一些词。
本句汉译时增加动词“使人”【译文】读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。
【原文2】In the evening，after the exhibition and the banquet，he would work on the drafting of the news report.【分析】本句将“after the exhibition and the banquet”译为“在观看了展览、参加了宴会之后”，增加了动词“观看”和“参加”，形成了两个动宾词组，使意思明确，读起来也较为自然，符合汉语习惯。
【译文】晚上在观看了展览、参加了宴会之后，他还要起草一篇新闻报道。
【原文3】He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.【分析】本句汉译时增加动词“致”和“宣布'【译文】他没有致闭幕词就宣布会议结束。
【原文4】 There, were rows of houses which he had never seen before.【分析】英语名词复数，汉译时可以根据情况，增加重叠词、教词或其他一些词来表达，还有提高修辞效果的作用。
本句增加“一排排”来表示房子多。
【译文】一推排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的。
【原文5】The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the lake.【分析】本句汉译时增加了“群”来修饰“山”，一道道”来修饰“倒影'提高了句子的修辞效果。
CATTI二级笔译实务之英译汉(四)A
英译汉（四）AThere they come, trudging along, straight upright on stubby legs, shoulders swinging back and forth with each step, coming into focus on the screen just as I’m eating my first bite of popcorn. Then Morgan Freeman’s voice informs us that these beings are on a long and difficult journey in one of the most inhospitable places on earth, and that they are driven by their “quest for love.”I’ve long known the story of the emperor penguin, but to see the sheer beauty and wonder of it all come into focus in the March of the Penguins, the sleeper summer hit, still took my breath away. As the movie continues, everything about these animals seems on the surface utterly different from human existence; and yet at the same time the closer one looks the more everything also seems familiar.Stepping back and considering within the context of the vast diversity of millions of other organisms that have evolved on the tree of life —grass, trees, tapeworms, hornets, jelly-fish, tuna and elephants —these animals marching across the screen are practically kissing cousins to us.Love is a feeling or emotion —like hate, jealousy, hunger, thirst —necessary where rationality alone would not suffice to carry the day.Could rationality alone induce a penguin to trek 70 miles over the ice in order to mate and then balance an egg on his toes while fasting for four months in total darkness and enduring temperatures of minus-80 degrees Fahrenheit?Even humans require an overpowering love to do the remarkable things that parents do for their children. The penguins’ drive to persist in behavior borderingon the bizarre also suggests that they love to an inordinate degree.I suspect that the new breed of nature film will become increasingly mainstream because, as we learn more about ourselves from other animals and find out that we are more like them than was previously supposed, we are now allowed to “relate” to them, and therefore to empathize.If we gain more exposure to the real — and if the producers and studios invest half as much care and expense into portraying animals as they do into showing ourselves — I suspect the results will be as profitable, in economic as well as emotional and intellectual terms — as the March of the Penguins.当我在影院吃第一口爆米花的时候，我看到它们向镜头的位置集中走过来了——它们的腿又短又粗、步履蹒跚、直挺着身子、每走一步肩膀来回摆动，这时出现了摩根·弗里曼的旁白，旁白告诉我们这些生物正在地球上一个最荒凉的地方经历着一场漫长而艰难的旅行，它们这样做的原因是因为“对爱的追求。
CATTI二级笔译实务之英译汉(二)B
英译汉（二）BMost of the world’s victims of AIDS live ―and, at an alarming rate, die ―in Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26.6 million in late 2003. New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS (UNAIDS), the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling.AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa ―where it was called "slim", after the appearance of victims wasting away ―within a few years after its emergence was established in the world in 1981. One theory of the origin of the virus and syndrome suggests that they started in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from being settled.Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-restraint.An important part of anti-AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). In addition, medical research has found a way to help sufferers, though not to cure them.Funds for anti-AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the spread of the pandemic is to be at least halted.世界上大多数艾滋病患者生活在非洲，并以惊人的速度大批死亡。
CATTI 2017笔译综合实务考题和参考译文
英译中It was just one word in one email, but it triggered huge financial losses for a multinational company.区区电子邮件里的一个单词，导致一家跨国公司遭受巨大经济损失。
The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one.这封电子邮件是由一位英语母语人士用英语所写，而邮件接收人则是一位以英语为第二语言的同事。
该同事收到邮件后，发现该单词在字典里有两个截然相反的意思，他拿捏不准，并最终选择了那个错误的意思。
Months later, senior management investigated why the project had flopped, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It all traced back to this one word,”says Chia Suan Chong, aUK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didn't reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable.“Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.”数月过去，该跨国公司的高管开始调查这个项目失败并损失几十万美元的原因。
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全国翻译专业资格考试CATTI二级《笔译实务》教材原文及参考译文A Survey of the Olympic GamesThe Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event2 subdivided into summer and winter games. They are each held every four years. Until 1992，they were both held in the same year. Since then, they have been separated two years apart3.There are more than 20 Summer Olympics sports, including swimming, basketball, soccer, gymnastics, boxing, weight-lifting, yachting, cycling and equestrian events. Skiing, ice-skating and ice hockey are among the 7 Winter Game sports. A competitor must be the citizen of the country he or she represents. No more than three entries from any country are permitted in each event (4 in the winter games). Only one team per country is allowed in a team sport4.There are many myths surrounding the origin of the ancient Olympic Games. The most popular legend describes that Heracles5 was the creator of the Olympic Games and built the Olympic stadium and surrounding buildings as an honor to his father, Zeus after completing his 12 labors6. According to that legend, he walked in a straight line for 400 strides and called this distance a “ stadium" that later also became a distance calculation unit. This is also why a modern stadium is 400 meters in circumference length (1 stadium = 400 meters).From then on，the Olympic Games were quickly becoming more and more important throughout ancient Greece, reaching their zenith in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. The Olympics were of fundamental religious importance, contests alternating with sacrifices and ceremonies honoring both Zeus (whose colossal statue stood at Olympia)，and Pelops，divine hero and mythical king of Olympia famous for his legendary chariot7 race，in whose honor the games were held. The number of events increased to 20，and the celebration was spread over several days. Winners of the events were greatly admired and were immortalized in poems and statues8. The Games were held every four years, and the period between two celebrations became known as an “Olympiad"9. The Gr eeks used Olympiads as one of their methods to count years. The most famous Olympic athlete lived in these times: the 6th century BC wrestler, Milo Croton, is the only athlete in history to win a victory in six Olympics.The Games gradually declined in importance after the Romans gained power in Greece. After Emperor Theodosius I10 made Christianity the religion of the Empire11 and banned pagan rites, theOlympic Games were outlawed as a pagan festival in 393 AD.In 1894，a French noble man，Pierrde，called a meeting in Paris that led to the first modern Olympic Games, held in Athens in 1896. Thirteen nations sent a total of 285 men, and the Games were revived. Since then the Olympics have been held in different cities of the world once every four years, with the exception ofwar years 1916, 1940 and 1944. Women first competed in 1912. In 1924 the Winter Olympics were instituted at Chamonix, France.The Olympic Games should be a good occasion to promote world sports，understanding and friendship among different nations, but unfortunately the Games were frequently affected by politics resulting in the boycotts of the Games. The 1956 Melbourne Olympics were the first Olympics that were boycotted by the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland.In 1980 and 1984, the Cold War opponents12 boycotted each other's games. Sixty-five nations refused to compete at the Moscow Olympics13 in 1980 because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The boycott reduced the number of nations participating to only 81，the lowest number of nations to compete since 1956. The Soviet Union and 14 of its Eastern Bloc14 partners (except Romania) countered by skipping the Los Angeles Olympics15 in 1984.»注释这是一篇介绍奥林匹克运动会历史的短文，选自《百科全书》。
该文语言简洁明晰‟但却不失正式庄重。
在翻译时，我们应注意原文的语体风格，应该用与之对应的汉语去再现原文的语体风格，准确地传达原文的意义。
另外，虽然原文语言简洁，但它涉及到一些历史、地理、体育、宗教等知识，因此翻译此文并不容易，译者需要具有“杂学”，即有较宽的知识面。
multi-sport event:有多种体育运动比赛项目的赛事two years apart:相隔两年a team sport:团体体育比赛项目根据希腊和罗马神话，Heracles是主祌Zeus和Alcmene之子，力大无比，以完成12项英雄业绩闻名。
12 labors:指Heracles神完成的12项英雄业绩Chariot:古时用于战争或比赛的一种双轮马车在符合原文语体风格的前提下，要注意发挥汉语的优势。
如这儿可用四字结构翻译: “……塑像吟诗，使之名垂千古”。
Olympiad可音译为“奥林匹尔德”，也可不译，保留原文，因为这句原文就是对它的定义。
Emperor Theodosius I:东罗马帝国皇帝(379—395)和西罗马帝国皇帝(392—395), 在位时镇压人民起义，立基督教为罗马国教，迫害异教徒，毁坏异教神庙。
... made Christianity the religion of the Empire:使基督教成为罗马帝国的国教。
Cold War opponents:冷战的对手，指北约和华约两大对峙的军事同盟。
Moscow Olympics: 1980年在莫斯科举行的奥运会。