博士英语单词

Unit 11.to have early memory（记忆）of2.the entire previous history of humankind（人类）3.due principally (chiefly) to4.to rescue (save) civilization from5.the dread (fearful) shadow of diseases6.the conscience(良心) and concern of scientists7.driving forces (动力)8.to advance/stimulate (promote) health9.the amplification (增大) of the virus10.tissue culture (培养)11.killed and live attenuated (减弱) vaccines12.national immunization (免疫) days13.monitoring (监测) methods14.the worldwide eradication(elimination) of polio15.little reason for complacency (自满)16.microbial (微生物) enemies17.temporary (暂时) victories18.be adept (good, skillful) at developing newdefenses19.to facilitate (使便利) the spread of epidemics20.political and economic mismanagement(管理不善)21.the deprivation (poverty) of populations22.to address (reduce) the largest disease burden23.major scourges (灾祸) such as malaria and AIDS24.in an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) way25.talented (有才能的) young scientists26.to underwrite (support) their mission27.the stunning pace (speed, rate) of change 28.the potential, passion, and perception (洞察力) ofscientists29.need to be tapped (explored)30.to address (meet, satisfy) global health needs31.to make deliberate (存心的) use of it32.to bear (keep) in mind that33.in this context (case)34.strategically (战略上) placed on35.the scientific underpinning (支柱) of policy36.evidence-based (循证) policy37.policy setting (establishment)38.to bear on (影响) the well-being of people39.a terminally ill patient (临终病人)40.metastatic (转移) renal cancer41.our beloved (热爱的) profession42.our zeal (enthusiasm) for medical science43.bedside (clinical) care44.to conduct groundbreaking (突破的) research45.a noble (崇高的) calling46.an oral formulation (口服制剂) of morphine47.bone metastasis (转移)48.radicular (根的) pain49.spinal (脊柱) root50.to counsel (忠告/会诊) the terminally ill patient51.to reflect upon (反省) my profession52.caring and compassionate (有同情心的)53.chemotherapeutic (化疗) agents54.to shower their patients with genuine (true) loveand compassion55.the emotional and physical (身体的) support56.dignity (尊严) and compassion57.the teamwork (cooperation) of physicians andnurses58.to attend to (address, meet, satisfy) the physicalneeds of the sick59.the bureaucrats (官僚) and administrators60.the inflated (通货膨胀) price tag61.precious (very, extremely) few62.the thread of litigation (诉讼)63.to develop an ethical, legal, and economicconsensus (agreement)64.to allocate (分配) these resources65.to pass health care legislation (立法)66.assembly-line mentality (思想)67.unethical in the extreme (极，非常)68.the application of scientific inquiry(investigation)69.to die naturally and humanely (仁慈/人道)70.inauguration (就职) speech71.to garner (acquire, gain, obtain) more support72.venture (go) beyond73.the walls of the ivory (象牙塔) tower74.a more entrenched (deeply rooted) obstacle75.lip service (口惠)76.an innovative (革新的) program77.a growing nucleus (中心，基点) of78.between academia (学术界) and industry79.the messy fray (争论) of democracy80.the scientific community (科技界)81.a chaotic (混乱) realm82.an enlightened (文明) citizenry83.politicians and lobbyist (说客)Unit 21.the acquisition (习得) of knowledge2. a prized (珍视) commodity3. the role of bread winner (负担家计的人)4. the family boarding (供膳宿的) house5. (勤劳) industriously generated profits6. Dad’s consistent (一贯) message7. extracurricular (课外的) activities8. an avid (渴求的) reader9. glowing approbation (称赞)10. distinctly different flavors (滋味)11. an academic (学院的) physician12. to delight (热衷于) in learning13. to need a reminder (提示)14. collegial teasing (取笑) 15. at the crack of dawn (黎明)16. to smile graciously (和蔼地)17. in a very heavy accent (口音)18. nostalgic (怀旧的) reminiscence19. the privilege (特权) of learning20. reverence (respect) for knowledge21. a frustrating and inefficient (效率低的) process22. to assemble (收集) paper charts23. to become intimately (深深地) aware of24. a young, enthusiastic, idealistic (理想主义的) person25. a compassionate (有同情心的) clinician26. to employ that knowledge reliably (可靠地)27. to immerse (沉浸) myself in the hospital28.jam-packed (crowded) emergency departments29. primary (初级的) prevention30. extraordinary (极度) waste31. to remedy (correct) these problems32.insightful (有见识的) teachers and colleagues33. miraculous (奇迹般的) tools34. to orchestrate (coordinate) conversation and cooperation35. interdisciplinary (交叉学科的) teamwork36. the medical establishment (system)37. untapped (未汲取的) resource38. to channel (引导) the energy into39. exuberant (精力旺盛的) practitioners40. disparities (差异) of quality41. health care settings (设置)42. introductory (导论的) science course43. the distinguished (杰出的) committee ofscientists44. natural phenomena (现象)45.active inquiry (exploration)46. quality assessments (评估)47. to explicitly (明确地) measure48. to energetically (积极地) advertise and explain49. accelerate (加快) the redefinition of scienceeducation50. to need urgently(急迫地)Unit 31. a general (普外) surgeon2.specialty (专科) surgeons3. a plastic (整容) surgeon4. a hospital administrator (行政人员)5.to review an untimely (过早的) death6.to reprimand (训斥) a disgraced colleague7.medical consultation (会诊)8.the melding (combining) of music and medicine9. a gifted (有天赋的) musician10.to bestow (恩赐) the gift of prophecy11.the camaraderie (同志情谊) of making musictogether12.a time capsule (时光锦囊)13.a theme (主题) party14.in the seasonality (季节性) of medical practice15.the cruelest hoax (戏弄) 16.blossoms (生气盎然) of rebirth17.child abuse (儿童虐待)18.to become prevalent (盛行的)19.domestic violence (家庭暴力)20.psychiatric (精神病的) symptoms21.to share similar concerns (忧虑)22.to approach (treat) music as therapy23.entertainment (娱乐) value24.to remove one’s inner (内心) restlessness25.to quiet the agitation (anxiety) of ceaselessthinking26.the reduction of psychophysiologic (心理生理)stress27.on a therapeutic (治疗的) level28.the harried (烦扰的) left hemisphere29.the limbic system (大脑边缘系统)30.pitch and rhythm (节奏)31.to have alternative (可选择的) plans32.bodily (physical) health33.enrichment (充实) of the spirit34.nostalgic (怀旧的) foray into the music of the190s35.to add balance to one’s existence (生存)36.the harmonies (和谐) and rhythms37.statistically (统计上地) significant38.anniversary (周年纪念日) dinner candles39.the diagnoses that reek (散发) frustration40.to rule out (exclude) fibromyalgia41.a free-flowing account (叙述) of her symptoms42.to resort to (诉诸于) the last refuge43.the harried (烦扰的) physician44.the wind-driven sleet (雨夹雪)45.the capricious (变化莫测的) nature of the event46.the conspiracy (阴谋) of machinery47.near the edge (边缘) of tolerance48.the internal combustion engine nature (边缘)49.to restore equanimity (镇定) 50.a service profession (occupation)51.poorly articulated (expressed)52.to succumb (die of) melanoma53.bone metastases(转移)54.to ease (relieve) the loneliness, fear, andemotional suffering55.to have unrealistic (不切实际的) expectations56.an attentive (注意的), understanding ear57.the currency (流行) of the realm58.the medical interview (问诊)59.to notice my heart pounding (beating)60.the feel of sweat on one’s forehead (前额)61.a triage (治疗类选) sheet62.grumbled (饥肠辘辘) stomach63.racism and hatred (仇恨)64.aches (疼痛) and pains65.billing sheets (账单)66.primary physician (初级保健医生)67.to access (use) the computer68.periodic (定期的) checks69.to shrug one’s shoulders (耸肩)Unit 41.with the advent of (随着……到来)2.become laden with (full of)3.corporate (公司) management4.to articulate (voice) age-old frustrations5.forward-thinking and laudable (值得称赞的)concepts6.preventive intervention (介入)7.reparative (治疗的) interventions8.those in pinstripes (商人) 9.conceptual (观念的) constructs10.ostensibly (obviously) because11.allied (同行的) health professionals12.modern (常规的) medical care13.to carry a connotation (含意) of14.integral (组成部分的) components15.to give the advantage of (有利于)16.to dilute (稀释) identification17.the recipient (接受者) of medical care18.to endure (忍受) pain calmly19.the vernacular (jargon行话) of managed care20.more literally (确切地)21.to provide an impetus (动力) for22.of a Faustian (浮士德的) nature23.society in general (整个社会)24.to serve a nominative (称谓的) function25.too obtuse (迟钝的) to declare openly26.as accurately (精确地) as possible27.the jargon (vernacular) of managed care28.in the final analysis (总之)29.to make a career of (以……为事业)30.to acquiesce to (默许) the shifting currents31.the timbre (基调) of the debate32.to stretch (extend) myself toward the model33.seemly, fitting, and decent (正派的)34.to increase consistency (一致) of record keeping35.to decrease the cost of transcription (抄写)36.on a whim (一时的兴致)37.to leaf through (翻阅) records38.the terse (precise) language39.between tidy and almost illegible (难以辨认的) 40.a reproducible (可复制的) and less personalformat41.to stir (使激动) and touch me42.peripheral neuropathy (神经病)43.a mind jumbled and bruised (挫伤)44.with my own slant (观点) on things45.to scratch their head (搔头皮)46.to decipher (decode) what I really meant47.loopy (眼花缭乱的) handwriting48.hospice (临终关怀) volunteer49.to make eye contact (眼神交流)50.behavioral (行为的) disturbance51.have the right to privacy (隐私)52.depressive disorder(忧郁症)53.a concrete (具体存在的) plan54.to voice (articulate) grievances55.without discrimination or reprisal (报复)56.the newspaper obituary (讣告)57.outrageous (大胆的) acts58.everyday rebellion(反抗)Unit 51.annual (yearly) meeting2.especially timely (in time)3.harsher (严厉的) penalty4.scientific illiteracy (ignorance无知的)5.unprecedented (前所未有的) financial andpolicy support6.the general citizenry (公民)7.to hold scientists in high regard (respect)8.the integrity (honesty 正直的) and credibility ofscience9. a spate of (大量) recent incidents10.research accomplishments (成就)11.the implication (影响或结果) of scientificdiscoveries12.substantial (巨大的) tension13.religious (宗教的) beliefs14.embryonic (胚胎的) stem cells15.scientific advance (进展)16.a high priority (当务之急，头等大事) for17.a genuine (真诚的) dialogue18.inappropriate (improper) behavior19.to a degree out of proportion (不成比例的) to20.widely publicized (宣传) examples21.scientific misconduct（不端行为）22.accusations (指控/责) of misconduct23.to tarnish (败坏) the image24.to diminish (降低) the credibility of25.the entire scientific enterprise (事业)26.undisclosed (未披露的) conflicts of interest27.to overinterpret (夸大其词) scientific facts28.scientific behavioral norms (规范) and standards29.allegorically (比喻地) speaking30.to listen for clues (evidence) of disease31.to look for signs of pathology (病理)32.bloodshot (充血的) eyes33.to no avail (无济于事)34.blunt chest trauma (创伤)35.mutual parting of the way (分道扬镳)36.declared (公然的) and naked hate37.medicolegal (法医学的) liabilities38.in imminent (immediate) danger39.in the ideal and neutral configuration (处境) 40.to update (更新) him on his condition41.to order serial radiographs (系列X光照相检查)42.to obtain daily arterial (动脉的) blood gases43.to follow hematocrits (血细胞比溶)44.a broken, ailing (病态的), and sorry soul45.surgical intervention (介入)46.shell of prejudice (歧视)47.intellectual (理智的) isolation48.to accept consolation (安慰)49.legend has it (据传说)50.an inscription (碑文) bearing the words51.to uncover (reveal) truths52.odd scraps (零碎) of evidence53.the paucity (lack) of data54.gender (sex) roles55.the combustibility (易怒性) of the interface56.to steer clear of (avoid)57.under the unifying framework (框架)58.human behavioral ecology (生态学)59.to pursue (explore) similar questions60.the ethnographic (人种学的) data61.outdated (obsolete陈旧的) versions62.mathematical (数学的) analyses63.to foster (nurture 营养物) dialogue between64.highly interconnected (互相连接) cities65.from diverse (distinct 不同的) areas of research66.to deliver (present) an optimistic messageUnit 61.successive (相继的) generations2.functionality and versatility (多用途)3.added (附加的) functionality4.moral (道德) standards5.ethical (伦理) principles6.behavioral (行为的) guidelines rule7. a long and arduous (艰巨的) evolutionaryprocess8.social discord (不和谐)9.to make improvements (改进)10.remote ancestors (祖先)11.the evolutionary (进化的) tree12.solitary (独居的) predators13.an extended family (大家庭)14.wondering (居无定所的) bands15.an embryonic (萌芽期的) golden rules16.the physical environment (周围环境)17.parental supervision (监护)18.the practice of monogamy (一夫一妻的)19.verbal symbols (语言符号)20.ancestral primates (灵长类)21.Homo sapiens (智人)22.archaic (古时的) humans23.in extreme (极端的) cases24.think in abstraction (抽象)25.in profoundly (vitally) important ways26.to populate (定居) the habitable world27.formed confederations (同盟) of tribes28.multiplied explosively (剧增地)29.on a grander (large) scale30.trade and commerce (商业)31.cultural markers (标识)32.conventions (社会习俗) in dress and manners33.the basic template (model)34.kingdoms and empires (帝国) 35.the time frames (时段)36.at the dawn (拂晓) of a new millennium37.galloping (飞驰的) technological change38.to facilitate (promote) cooperation39.fully explored and defined (定义)40.our archive (档案) of past experience41.fore-thinking (超前意识的) imagination42. a date with immortality (流芳百世)43.natural riches (resources)mon kinship (亲属关系)45.to have a social dimension (aspect)46.noble ambition (抱负)47. a fiercely (激烈地) competitive world48.impartial (无偏见的) consideration49.pretexts and apologias (定居)50.the scientific enterprise (事业)51.to pay particular heed (attention) to52.social implications (consequences)53.the scientific endeavor (effort)54.trust in authority (权威)55.mores and prejudices (偏见)56.objective and reliable (可靠的)57. a stern (strict) restraintmunal (collective) will59.fertility (受孕) clinics60.to create quite a stir (轰动)61.an affront (冒犯) to human dignity62.those on the fringes (极端的)63.with credentials and track records (业绩)64.to pioneer the use of (首先使用)65.reproductive (生殖的) biology66.surrogate (代孕) mums67.adoption (领养) agencies68. a jolt (刺激) of electricity69. a staggering (惊人的) 97 percent70. a reckless (鲁莽的) waste of time and energy71.miscarriages or abortions (堕胎)72.sickly or deformed (畸形的)73.the sole (only) survivor74.wrong instincts (直觉)Unit 71.the scientific triumphs (accomplishments)2.the past millennium (千年)3.to honor (敬重) the origins of science4.to give grateful (感激的) thanks to5. a magical (神秘的) view6.in concrete (具体的) terms7.rational (理性的) argument8. a natural mode (pattern) of thought9.to be beautifully illustrate (举例说明)10.to have the honor (荣幸) of11.the opposite angles (对角)12.the centre of gravity (重心)13.to arrived at (reach) a proof14.an elegant rebuttal (反驳)15.applied (应用) mathematician16.vigorous (激烈的) debate and discussionof evidence17.the admiration (赞赏) of one’s peers18.to challenge authority (权威)19.to point out forcibly (强烈地)20.debt and credit (借贷)21.political disputes (争论)22.social castes (争论) 23.national boundaries (国界)24.philosophical distinctions (辨别)25.in the philosophy biz (圈子)26.a dichotomy or a continuum (连续体)27.mental constructs(构想)28.highly abstract (抽象的) things29.to spill much ink over (花了大量笔墨)30.autonomous (独立自主的) individuals31.dress code (规范)32.at one’s core (核心)33.the interaction of molecules (个人)34.primary (基本) sensations35.the end of the scale (标度终点)36.a highly vociferous (激励的) debate37.in circles (在哲学圈) of philosophy38.wet-blankets (扫兴的人) at parties39.abstruse (深奥的) conditions40.chemical composition（成分）41.at the cutting edge (前沿) of science42.genetically transgenic (转基因) crops43.to make headlines (成为报纸的头条新闻)44.the influential (有影响的) climateresearcher45.to strike a balance (达到平衡)46.the justifiability (合理性) of animalexperiments47.celebrity endorsement (support)48.sliding down a slippery slopemillennium (千年)49.to make assertions (claims)50.eminent (著名) researchers51.to sign a declarations (宣言)52.an impressive rejoinder (rebuttal)53.to trace (追溯) the origins of54.to engender (produce) trust in55.the imprimatur (recognition) of thescientific academy56.in the refereed (参考) literature 57.lobby groups(游说集团)58.to place a clear obligation (responsibility)on59.to substantiate (prove) it withevidence60.in all probability (很可能地)61.intellectual authority (权威)62.to provide invaluable weight (重量) ofevidence63.mandatory (强制的) in drug discovery64.the reliable (可信的) outcome65.toxicity (毒性) testing66.to toss a coin(抛硬币决定)67.authority figures (人士)68.scientific credibility (可信地)69.expensive and time-consuming (耗时)70.intellectual integrity (honesty)Unit 81. the theory of relativity (相对论)2. thinking strategies (策略)3. to illuminate (阐明) nothing4. the pile of data(成堆的数据)5. Run-of-the-mill (ordinary) physicists6. extraordinary (非凡的) genius7. an extraordinary (异常地) high IQ8. considerable debate (argument)9. average (平均) intelligence10. to fixate (concentrate on) something11. the most promising (likely) approach12. arrogantly (傲慢地) certain of 13. to find a needle in a haystack (大海捞针)14. to be stuck on a problem(遇上)15. skewed (偏离) by the Prism of past experience16. to foster rigidity (僵化) of thought17. superficially (浅薄地) similar18. to lead the thinker astray (误入歧途)19. a gene pool (基因库)20. genetically encoded (编码) wisdom21. a rich repertoire (collection) of ideas and concepts22. to survive and prosper (蓬勃发展)23. to become stagnant (停滞的)24. the most distinguished (卓越的) experts25. to be conditioned (制约的) to think26. an expert (专家的) taxonomist27. the textbook case (典型例子)28. analogous (可比拟的) to biological evolution29. a rich diversity of alternatives and conjectures (假设)30. a departure (背离) from reproductive (retained) knowledge31. a prodigious (immense) variety of novel and original ideas32. a thumbnail (简略的) description33. biased (有偏见的) toward his usual way of seeing things34. the essence (实质) of the problem35. to abandon (抛弃) the initial approach36. an environment-friendly (环保的) fuel37. to make his thought graphically (通过图表) visible38. visual and spatial (空间的) abilities39. immense (huge) productivity40. the laws of heredity (遗传)41. to make juxtapositions (并置)42. to tolerate ambivalence (矛盾心理) between opposites43. two incompatible (不兼容的) things 44. to perceive resemblances (similarities) between45. to draw analogies (类比)46. to render an overwhelming verdict (裁定)47. a cultural icon (偶像)48. a rather fuzzy (模糊的) understanding of49. the vastness (浩瀚) of the universe50. previously held unquestionable (无懈可击的)51. to cast (投) doubt on52. the reliability (可靠) of the investigators’ conclusions53. the origin (起源) of genius54. to yearn for (desire) genius55. the intermingling (mix) of culture, history, and life experience56. a history dating back to (追溯到) Plato57. to think the reverse (相反)58. to govern (control) all organic life59. an interaction hierarchy (order) of feedback systems60. communities and ecosystem (生态系)61. intellectual intuition (直觉)62. to face strong opposition (反对)63. a doctrinal (dogmatic) viewUnit 91.the sword (剑) in the stone2.of ultimately lawful materialism (唯物论)3.as concisely (简明地) as possibleanized systematic enterprise (事业)5.to condenses (压缩) the knowledge6.testable laws and principles (原理)7.diagnostic (特征的) features8.confirmed or discarded (rejected)9.to abstract (抽象化) the information10.aesthetically (审美地) most pleasing11.universally (普遍地) accepted scales12.rendered unambiguous (明确的)13.proved consistent (一致性) with one another14.ineradicable (根深蒂固的) technical base15.to satisfy (address/meet) personal psychologicalneeds16.to consume (take) large amounts of time17.to yield (produce) negative or ambiguous results18.administrative (行政的) duties19.original (原创性) research20.no holds barred (无清规戒律约束)21.the frontier (前沿) of science22.an abstracted (抽象化的) world23.the mother lode (母脉/矿脉)24.to practice elitism (精英主义) without shame25.to set foot on virgin (处女) soil26.interpretation (阐释) and explanation27.a scattering of icons (偶像)28.a great deal of bickering (争吵，口角) 29.a loose confederation (联邦)30.petty fiefdom (封地)31.to hope for a strike(意外成功)32.the least conspiratorial (搞阴谋的) of professions33.the population at large (大众)34.generous to predatory (贪婪的)35.well adjusted to psychopathic (精神病)36.casual (散漫的) to driven37.gregarious to reclusive (隐居的)38.clinically certifiable (可证明)39.from venal (贪污腐败的) to noble40.in the temple (殿堂) of science41.to achieve utilitarian (功利的) ends42.convincingly validated (verified/proved)43.to steer (驾驶) for blue water44.to suffer boredom (单调)45.under varying (changing) circumstances46.statistical (统计的) analyses47.to reject null (无价值的) hypotheses48.a reputable (声誉好的), peer-reviewed journal49.indissolubly (坚不可摧) united50.a whiz-kid (outstanding) professor51.an obscure (无名气的) journal52.to stiffen a slightly floppy (weak) argument53.class or creed (信念)anized skepticism (怀疑态度)55.social conventions (习俗)56.mundane (世俗的) practice57.publish or perish (死亡)1158.to cite generously and meticulously (一丝不苟地)59.to fudge (捏造) data60.to vilify (贬低) our opponents61.personal credibility (可信地)62.driven, shaped and honed (磨练)63.to humbly (谦虚地) accept realities64.social imperatives (obligations) petitive ambition (desire)66.an obsolete (out of date) ethos67.to maximize (最大化) pleasure68.to minimize (最小化) pain69.to laud (称赞) a desirable personal characteristic70.to avoid complacency (自满)71.to be wired (conditioned) to respond positively12。