2012生物专业英语试题(A)

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2012高考生物真题精校精析新课标卷)

七彩教育网免费供给 Word 版教课资源2012·课标全国卷（理综生物）1.[2012 ·课标全国卷 ] 同一物种的两类细胞各产生一种分泌蛋白，构成这两种蛋白质的各样氨基酸含量同样，但摆列次序不一样。

其原由是参加这两种蛋白质合成的（）A.tRNA 种类不一样B.mRNA碱基序列不一样C.核糖体成分不一样D.同一密码子所决定的氨基酸不一样1.B [ 分析 ]本题考察细胞的分化，考察学生的理解、剖析能力。

细胞合成蛋白质过程中，mRNA碱基序列直接决定着氨基酸摆列次序，而同一物种中的两类细胞内tRNA 种类和核糖体成分均同样，同一密码子决定的氨基酸也是同样的，所以本题选B。

2. [2012 ·课标全国卷 ]以下对于细胞癌变的表达，错误的选项是（）A.癌细胞在条件适合时可无穷增殖B.癌变前后，细胞的形态和构造有显然差异C.病毒癌基因可整合到宿主基因组引发癌变D.原癌基因的主要功能是阻挡细胞发生异样增殖2.D [ 分析 ]本题考察细胞的癌变，考察学生的理解、剖析能力。

细胞癌变的原由就是致癌因子（包含物理致癌因子、化学致癌因子和病毒致癌因子）使原癌基因或抑癌基因发生突变，致使正常细胞的生长和分裂失控而变为癌细胞。

癌变后的细胞在形态构造上与正常细胞有显然的差异，所以A、B、C选项是正确的。

原癌基因的作用主假如负责调理细胞周期，控制细胞生长和分裂的进度；抑癌基因的作用主要是阻挡细胞发生不正常的增殖，所以D错误。

3.[2012 ·课标全国卷 ] 哺乳动物因长时间未饮水致使机体脱水时，会发生的生理现象是（）A.血浆浸透压降低B.抗利尿激素分泌增添C.下丘脑浸透压感觉器遇到的刺激减弱D.肾小管和会合管对水的重汲取作用减弱3.B [ 分析 ]本题考察哺乳动物内环境稳态及其调理，考察学生的理解能力。

哺乳动物脱水时，细胞外液的浸透压会高升，血浆浸透压也会高升，对下丘脑浸透压感觉器的刺激加强，进而产生更多的抗利尿激素，促使肾小管和会合管对水分的重汲取，所以 B 正确。

2012年英语专四真题及答案完整版绝对完整

2012专四听写参考答案Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way that will damage the environment as little as possible. We recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take public transport to get to work, we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables，and we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. This is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. There are a lot of names for these new forms of tourism: responsible tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational tourism and more.Although everyone may have a different definition, most people agree that these new forms of tourism should do the following: first, they should conserve the wildlife and culture of the area; second, they should benefit the local people; third, they should make a profit without destroying natural resources; and finally they should provide an experience that tourists want to pay for.2012专四听力参考答案说明：由于是一次性听力并作答，没有反复斟酌，不能保证答案百分百正确，但是能保证百分之九十以上正确。

2012高考试题—理综(安徽卷)生物解析版.pdf

Lesson 31 Danny Tells All Lead in appendix 阑尾 appendicitis 阑尾炎一、 Teaching aims: 1. Know the new words of this lesson. They are: appendicitis appendix 2. Master the phrase of this lesson: fall ill , be ill. 3. Dictate this text with your own words. Presentation 二、 (一） Read the text of the part one and answer the following questions: 1.Who has something to tell the class about Danny ? 2.How did Danny feel about missing school this week? 3.When Brian reads the letter, what did the other students do? （二） Read the part two and answer the following questions:1.What’s wrong with Danny?2.How did the doctor deal with Danny’s illness?3.What did the doctor tell Danny to do after the operation(手术）？4.In Danny’s room, is there a TV? 1.everyone 是不定代词，相当于everybody，意为“人人，大家”只作主语或宾语，作主语时，谓语用单数形式。

如： Everyone is interested in learning English in our class. 2.have something to tell you about Danny其中的something常带动词不定式作定语。

2012年度全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题(卫生类A+B+C级含答案)

2012年度全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题卫生类A+B+C级（含答案）全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题卫生类A级（一）第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explainedB inventedC consideredD accepted2 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC kindD wild3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A makingB takingC discussingD expecting4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A wasteB buyC useD sell5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC powerD volume6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC carefullyD closely7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.B excitedC inspiredD directed8 The book provides a concise analysis of the country's history.A cleanB perfectC realD brief9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A suggestedB warnedC statedD confirmed10 The council meeting terminated at 2 o'clock.A beganB continuedC endedD resumed11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A signB substituteC proofD target12 However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctantB eagerC pleasedD angry13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A limitB controlC replaceD offset14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A denyB investigateC stressD create15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A graduallyC excessivelyD exceptionally第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2012年考研英语阅读Part A答案及解析

2012年考研英语阅读Part A答案及解析(Text 1第一篇文章出自 2011年3月24日的时代周刊（Times）上的一篇文章有关Herd Mentality的文章，维基百科上关于Herd Mentality的定义是：Herd mentality(从众心态) describes how people are influenced by their peers to adopt certain behaviors, follow trends, and/or purchase items. （从众心态描述的是人们怎样受到同辈人的影响去接受某些行为，追随潮流或购买东西），通俗的讲就是讲述人们的一种从众心态。

/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2061234,00. html21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as 根据第一段，来自同龄人的压力通常会变成为：[A] a supplement to the social cure 对社会治疗的一种补充[B] a stimulus to group dynamics 对团队活力的一种促进[C] an obstacle to school progress 对学校进步的一种阻碍[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors 不良行为的起因正确答案[D]理由：本题属于段落推理题，依据题干关键词peer pressure often emerge as=become回到原文查找到第一段第三句It usually leads to nogood---drinking, drugs and casual sex.（它指代前面的同辈人的压力通常不会导致任何好处，比如喝酒、毒品和乱性），由此可见同辈人的压力通常会给人带来坏处，也就是说带来消极的结果，属于贬义的方向，因此选项[D]中的cause 和原文的lead to, undesirable behaviors属于不好习惯的上义词，但都属于同义替换的命题技巧。

生物专业英语试题附答案

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------生物专业英语试题附答案生物专业英语试题及答案一、将下列英文术语或缩写译为合乎学术规范的中文术语： 1、Odorant receptor 气味受体（气味感受器、嗅觉受体、嗅觉感受器也得 1 分；仅答受体或感受器，则得 0.5 分）。

2、Differentially expressed gene 差异化表达基因（答为“不同表达基因”，仅得 0.5 分）。

3、MOE 主要嗅（觉）上皮[答为“嗅（觉）上皮”也得 1 分；若写出其英文术语全称“Main olfactory epithelium”，也得分]。

4、VNO4 犁鼻器（答为“信息素外周感受器”也得 1 分；若写出其英文术语全称“Vomeronasal organ”，也得分）。

5、Social behavior 社会行为（答为“社群行为、社交行为”也得 1 分）。

6、Monogamy 一夫一妻制（答为“一雄一雌制、单配制”也得 1 分）7、Vasopressin 加压素（答为“抗利尿素”仅得 0.5 分）。

8、Oxytocin 催产素。

9、Kin recognition 亲属识别。

10、Autism 自闭症/孤独症。

11/ 1611、NIH (美国)国家(立)卫生研究院(所)(若写出其英文术语全称NIH = National Institutes of Health 也得分)。

12、HHMI 霍华德·休斯医学研究所(若写出其英文术语全称 HHMI = Howard Hughes Medical Institute 也得分；或者译为 Howard Hughes 医学研究所，也得全分)。

13、Nanotechnology 纳米技术（纳米科技、奈米技术、奈米科技）。

博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案

博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案收集：博大教育专家来源：/article-5950.html?page=4第三篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind."Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food.” said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced."Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color."Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter." he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness.”41. John Hayes points out in a recent study thatA. it is healthy to eat food without salt.B. many people reject low-salt food completely.C. food with less salt tastes better.D. many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly.【答案】：D42. The fourth paragraph describes brieflyA. the purpose of the study.B. the analysis of the research results.C. the research methodology.D. the conclusion of the study.【答案】：C43. The article argues that supertastersA. like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.B. like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.C. consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.D. like to share salty cheese with nontasters.【答案】：A44. In paragraph 6, the word "pronounced" is closest in meaning toA. weary.B. strong.C. weak.D. strange.【答案】：B45. The last two paragraphs illustrate that taste acuity isA. developed over time after birth.B. related to one's eye and hair color.C. still unknown to scientists.D. genetically determined.【答案】：D第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

生物专业英语课程考试试卷A+答案

生物专业英语课程考试试卷A+答案一、单词翻译（中英文互译，共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1.zygote\homology mortality\natality3.chlorophyll\ribulose biphosphate4.meiosis\mitosis5.allele\homologous pair6.光合作用、核糖体7.二倍体、单倍体8.显性、隐性9.腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶10.物种、再生二.判断题（每题1分，共10分，正确打√，错误打?）1.Ribosomes are derived from the nucleoli.2.Light-independent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane.3.All daughter cells are haploid.4.Sexual organisms cannot be cloned.5.Mendel's second law states that characters are inherited dependently.6.The sequence of bases on the DNh molecule carries the genetic information.7.Fungal mitosis，unlike mitosis in all other organism，occurs within the nucleus，8.Parthenogenesis produces only females.9.Subspecies are genetically inferior to full species.petition and predation are examples of density-independent factors.三、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）（1）Most animals use more than one species as food.Therefore，the term“food meb”is a hetter description of food relationships than“food chain".A food web is a complex feeding system that contains several food chains. For example, mice, rabbits, and deer eat plants. owls eat mice and rabbits. Mountain lions eat rabhits and deer.These five species are parts of food chains that together form a food web.The first link in a food chain is always a green plant. Only organisms with chlorophy11, such as green plants can make food. for example, the first link aquatic food chains is algae. Most algae are microscopic green plants that produce food by photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight converts carbon dioxide and water to sugar. Tiny fish in lakes, streams and oceans eat algae. In turn, these tiny fish are eaten by larger fish. The larger fish are eaten by still larger fish. The food supply for fish is made by algae. This food is then passed through the food chains as one animal eats another.Organisms may be divided into three groups based on how they obtain food. These groups are producers, decomposer and consumer. Organisms containing chlorophyll are producers. thus, green plants are producers. Animals that eat other animals and plants as consumers. Microbes, one-celled organisms that cause the decay of dead plants and animals are decomposers. Since decomposers cannot make their owm food, they are also consumers.1. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. determine which food chain is the most efficientB. describe the food network among plants and animalsC. explain the process of photosynthesis in green plantsD. appeal to conservationists to protect endangered plant specics2. According to the author, what is a "food web?A.A complicated system of several food chainsB.A society that distributes foodC. The relationship of one ereen plants to anotherD. The device that spiders use to catch food3. Which of the following would most likely be the first link in a food chain?A. TermitesB. FishC. LionsD. Grass4. The author divides organisms according to , A. how they use up energy B. how they obtain foodC. how much energy they require in order to moveD. whether they live on the land or in the sea5. Which of the following organism could not be a consumer as described in the passage?A.a microbeB.a rabbitC.a treeD.a fish(2) Lichens can be spectacular for anyone who cares to look, but few people take the trouble. Often modestly colored and seemingly two-dimensional as they cling to whatever surface they find, they grow in the background: as though designed to be ignored. Yet they hold a special fascination for botanists, partly because they present mysteries still to be solved and partly because they do so many things so well.No casual observer of a lichen would ever suspect that it was a composite of interacting life forms. The seemingly uncomplicated lichen is actually composed of afungus and a colony of algae(or blue-green algae, which some scientists now consider to be bacteria).A few species even include all three of these diverse forms of life.A complete lichen is strikingly different from its separated partners in both appearance and biochemistry; many produce unique compounds which cannot be made by the component organisms alone.Lichens grow in almost every natural habitat imaginable, from deserts to tropical rain forests-even on the back of certain beetles in New Guinca and inside rocks(along with algae) in the otherwise barren dry valleys of Antarctica.Many species can not tolerate extreme heat, cold or dryness. Very few, however, can survive heavy air pollution, and many live only where the air is very clean. The disappearance of lichens from an area gives warning of a threatened environment.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. The versatility and complexity of the lowly lichenB. The hidden characteristics of algae coloniesC. The disappcarance of the lichen speciesD. The habitats of spectacular fungi2. The author states that lichens grow "as though designed to be ignored"because they are A. not totally understood by botanists B. troublesome to collect for the purposes of study C. uncomplicated in their intemal structure D. not easily noticed by observers3. According to the author, most people are unaware that lichen is a.A. lcafy plantB. class of simple bacteriaC. two-dimensional life formD. Combination of organisms4. The"unique"compounds mentioned in the second paragraph are produced A. through the cooperative efforts of the lichen's parts B. only under laboratory conditions C. through one of the three possible processes D. once in the lichen's life cycle5. The author implies that lichens might be used to.A. find water sourcesB. destroy unwanted plant lifeC. test for air purityD. provide food in remote areas(3) Insects' lives are very short and they have many enemies, but they must survive long enough to breed and perpetuate their kind.The less insect like they look, the better their chance of survival.To look "inedible"by resembling or imitating plants, is a deception widely practiced by insects. Mamals rarely use this type of camouflage, but many fishes and invertebrates do.The stick caterpillar is well named. It is hardly distinguishable from a bromn or green twig. This caterpillar is quite common and can be found almost anywhere in North America. It is also called "measuring worm"of "inchworm". It walks by arching its body, then stretching out and grasping the branch withits front feet, then looping its body again to bring the hind feet forward. When danger threatens, the stick caterpillar stretchesits body away from the branch at an angle and resains rigid and still, like a twig, until the danger has passed.Walkingsticks, or stick insects, do not have to assume a rigid, twiglike pose to find protection, they look like inedible twigs in anyposition. There are many kinds of walkingsticks, ranging in sizefrom the few inches of the North American variety to some tropicalspecies that may be over a foot long. Then at rest their front legs are stretched out. Some of the tropical species are adorned with spines or ridges, imitating the thorny bushes or trees in which they live.leaves also seem to be a favorite object for insects to imitate. Many butter flies can suddenly disappear from viem by folding their wings and sitting quietly among the foliage that they resemble.6. What is the main subject of the passage?E. Catepillars that live in treesF. The feeding habits of insectsG. How some insects camouflage themselvesH. Insects that are threatened with extinction7. In lines 1, the word "enemies"refers to E. other creatures competing for space F. extreme weather conditionsG. creatures that eat insects H. inedible insects8. According to the passage, how does the stick caterpillar make itself look like a twig?E. By holding its body stiff and motionlessF. By looping itself around a stickG. By changing the color of its skinH. By laying its body flat against a branch9. Which of the following is true of stick insects?E. They resemble their surroundings all the time.F. They make themselves look like other insects.G. They are camouflaged only when walking.H. They change color to make themselves invisible.10. Which of the following are not mentioned in the passage as ob jects that are imitated as a means of protection?A. ThornsB. FlowersC. leavesD. Sticks6. In which paragraph does the author describe the way in which stick caterpillars move?A. Paragraph oneB. Paragraph twoC. Paragraph threeD. Paragraph four(4) Wide-ranging research on tooth decay has recently produced some surprising findings, one indicates that cheddar may actually inhibit the tooth-decay process. It seems to have decay-slowing effect on human teeth if it is eaten immediately after sugar. Thy cheese should have such an effect is unknown. It is speculated that the food might interfere with the acidthat decays teeth or with bacteria that produce the acid. If so, it would be the first common food found to have this useful property. The other suprprising research finding was that heavily sweetened cereals proved ahout equally potent in causing decay whether they contained eight percent,sugar or almost eight times that much.1.According to the passage，how many of the test results were unexpected？A.OneB.TroC.ThreeD.Eight2.According to the passage，what effect does cheddar cheese seem to have？E.It interferes with the function of teeth.F.It makes sugar taste sueeter.G.It decreases the rate at which teeth decay.H.It helps in the digestion of food.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the research on the relationship between cheese and tooth A.has been discredited B.will be slowed considerablyC.has been found to be conclusiveD.will be continued4.Researchers discovered that sweetened cereals were A.important nutritionally B.all surprisingly heavy in sugar C.more expensive than cheese D.all equally harmful to teeth.四、短文翻译（第1题英文短句翻译成中文，每小题2分，共20分，第2题中文翻译成英文，20分，共40分）1.英文短句翻译成中文（1）A1l eukaryotic cells contain most of the various kinds of organelles，and each organelle performs a specialized function in the cell.（2）Photosynthesis occurs only in the chlorophyl1-containing cells of green plants，algae，and certain protists and bacteria.（3）A pictorial display of an organisms chromosomes in thecoiled，condensed state is knon as a karyotype.Karyotype reveal that in most cells all but sex chromosomes are present as two copies，referred to as homologous pairs.（4）An organism that inherits identical alleles for a trait from each parent is said to be homozygous for that traits:if different alleles for a trait are inherited，the organism is heterozygous for that trait.（5）The leading strand is synthesized continuously，while the lagging strand is synthesized in short stretches known as Okazaki fragments.（6）Taxonomy reveals a great deal about the evolutionary relationshipsamong organisms.A clade is a taxonomic unit whose mesbers are derived from a common ancestor.（7）A11 fungi carry out extracellular digestion:they secrete enzymes that digest organic matter，and then they absorb the resulting nutrients.（8）The organs and tissues of the embryo arise during organogenesis，as cells inside the embryo and on its surface become specialized.（9）Populations of a species that are spread out over a broad geographical range are often arrayed in a cline-a gradual change in one or more characteristics as each population evolves adaptations to its own local environment.（10）Just as competition，predation，and other elements interact todetermine the size of a population within a comsunity，population distribution is the result of many interrelated factors.2.短文翻译（中译英）蛋白质很难说明蛋白质在生命系统中有多么重要。

2012年职称英语卫生类A级考试真题答案

2012年职称英语考试卫⽣类A级试题及参考答案第⼀部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下⾯每个句⼦中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. He shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate) the pain in his leg.A.controlB. easyC. experienceD. suffer 2. Our aim was to (update) the health service, and we succeeded.A.offerB. provideC. modernizeD. fund 3. She moves from one (exotic) location to another.A.unusualB. familiarC. similarD. proper 4. Nothing would (induce) me to vote for him again.A.teachB. helpC. discourageD. attract 5. The photographs (evoked) strong memories of our holiday in France.A.refreshedB. storedC. blockedD. erased 6. The weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A.hotB. heavyC. freshD. windy 7. Every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality.A.successB. descriptionC. evidenceD. plan 8. Her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous completely.A. slightlyB. completelyC. partlyD. faintly 9. The walls are made of (hollow) concrete blocks. A . big B. empty C. long D. now 10. We almost (ran into) a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.A. overtookB. hitC. passedD. found 11. When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist having a (peep) look.A.chanceB. visitC. lookD. try 12. He has been granted (asylum) in France.A. powerB. reliefC. protectionD. license 13. He was (weary) of the constant battle between them.A. fondB. tiredC. proudD. afraid 14. Newborn babies can (discriminate) between a man’s and a woman`s voice.A. treatB. distinguishC. expressD. analyzes 15. All the flats in the building had the same (layout) arrangement.A. colorB. sizeC. functionD. arrangement 【参考答案】： alleviate—ease update—modernize exotic—unusual induce—attract evoked—refreshed crisp—fresh profile—description utterly—completely hollow—empty ran into—hit peep—look asylum—protection weary—tired discriminate—distinguish layout—arrangement 第⼆部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分) 下⾯的短⽂后列出了7个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息⽂中没有提及，请选择C。

2012高考生物真题及答案详解-全国新课标

2012高考生物真题及答案详解-全国新课标1．同一物种的两类细胞各产生一种分泌蛋白，组成这两种蛋白质的各种氨基酸含量相同，但排列顺序不同。

其原因是参与这两种蛋白质合成的A．tRNA种类不同B．mRNA碱基序列不同C．核糖体成分不同D．同一密码子所决定的氨基酸不同【答案】B【解析】在两种蛋白质合成过程中，tRNA种类、核糖体成分、同一密码子所决定的氨基酸均相同。

而mRNA碱基序列不同，导致密码子不同，翻译出不同的蛋白质，选B。

2．下列关于细胞癌变的叙述，错误的是A．癌细胞在条件适宜时可无限增殖B．癌变前后，细胞的形态和结构有明显差别C．病毒癌基因可整合到宿主基因组诱发癌变D．原癌基因的主要功能是阻止细胞发生异常增殖【答案】D【解析】原癌基因主要负责调节细胞周期，控制细胞生长和分裂的进程；而抑癌基因才是阻止细胞不正常的增殖，D错。

3．哺乳动物因长时间未饮水导致机体脱水时，会发生的生理现象是A．血浆渗透压降低B．抗利尿激素分泌增加C．下丘脑渗透压感受器受到的刺激减弱D．肾小管和集合管对水的重吸收作用减弱【答案】B【解析】哺乳动物长时间未饮水导致机体脱水时，会导致血浆渗透压升高；下丘脑渗透压感受器受到的刺激增强；抗利尿激素分泌增加；进而导致肾小管和集合管对水的重吸收作用增强。

因此，B对。

4．当人看到酸梅时唾液分泌会大量增加，对此现象的分析，错误的是A．这一反射过程需要大脑皮层的参与B．这是一种反射活动，其效应器是唾液腺C．酸梅色泽直接刺激神经中枢引起唾液分泌D．这一过程中有“电—化学—信号”的转化【答案】C【解析】本题主要考查反射、条件反射及兴奋产生、传导等知识，具有较强的综合性。

当人看到酸梅时唾液分泌会大量增加这是条件反射，反射路径是酸梅的形态、颜色等条件刺激物→眼睛上的感光细胞→传入神经→脑干→传出神经→唾液腺。

这一过程经历了一个完整的反射弧，肯定有“电—化学—信号”的转化。

由于条件反射是后天获得的经学习才会的反射,是后天学习、积累“经验”的反射活动。

生物专业英语(完整版)

生物专业英语第一课Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。

细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。

细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。

细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。

The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。

2012湖北高考英语A卷真题答案（文字版）

本试题卷共16页，81理。

全卷满分150分。

考试⽤时120分钟。

★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1. 答卷前，考⽣务必将⽩⼰的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上.并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

⽤统⼀提供的2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的⽅框涂⿊。

2. 选择题的作答：每⼩题选出答案后，⽤统⼀提供的2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题⽬的答案标号涂⿊。

如需改动，⽤橡⽪檫⼲净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

答在试题卷、草稿纸上⽆效。

3. 完成句⼦和短⽂写作班的作答:⽤统⼀提供的签字笔将答案直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

答在试题卷、草稿纸上⽆效。

4. 考⽣必须保持答改卡的整洁。

考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡⼀并上交。

第⼀部分:听⼒(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。

录⾳内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第⼀节(共5⼩题:每⼩题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下⾯5段对话。

每段对话后有⼀个⼩题，从题中所给的A, B, C三个选项中选出选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关⼩题和阅读下⼀⼩题。

每段对话仅读⼀遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡ 9.15.C.￡9.18.答案：B1.What is the problem for the man?A.He has to meet many people.B.He has to leave his friends.C.He has to travel a lot.2. How does the man think of the book?A. Humorous.B. Scientific.C. Popular.3. What's the matter with the woman?A. She has caught a bad cold.B. She stayed online too long.C. She is allergic to paint smell.4. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Consult a repair shop.B. Purchase another carC. Fix the car herself.5. In which year is the man in college now?A. The first year.B. The second year.C. The third year.第⼆节(共15⼩短:每⼩题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下⾯5段对话或独⽩。

2012年英语A级试题及答案

2012年英语A级试题及答案本套试题包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个部分。

听力部分包含四个小节，阅读部分包含三篇阅读材料及相关问题，写作部分要求写一篇短文，翻译部分则包含英译汉和汉译英各一段。

听力部分第一节短对话理解1. What does the man mean?A. He was not interested in the lecture.B. He was not able to attend the lecture.C. He was late for the lecture.D. He was bored by the lecture.2. What does the woman imply?A. She is not satisfied with the meal.B. She is allergic to seafood.C. She is not used to eating spicy food.D. She is not feeling well.第二节长对话理解3. Why does the man want to change his flight?A. He wants to arrive earlier.B. He wants to leave later.C. He has to attend an important meeting.D. He forgot to book his flight.4. What is the woman's suggestion?A. The man should book a new flight.B. The man should cancel his current flight.C. The man should wait for the next available flight.D. The man should try to change his flight online.第三节短文理解5. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The importance of physical exercise.B. The benefits of a balanced diet.C. The effects of stress on health.D. The role of sleep in daily life.6. What does the speaker suggest to reduce stress?A. Taking a walk.B. Listening to music.C. Practicing yoga.D. Taking a short nap.第四节填空题7. The company has recently _______ a new marketing strategy.8. The _______ of the meeting has been changed to next Monday.9. The project is _______ to be completed by the end of the year.10. The manager is _______ with the progress of the project.阅读部分Passage 1The rise of social media has changed the way people communicate and share information. It has also had asignificant impact on businesses, as they now have newplatforms to reach their customers. Companies are no longer limited to traditional advertising methods such as television, radio, and print media. Instead, they can use social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to engagewith their audience directly.11. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Social media has revolutionized communication.B. Businesses are struggling to adapt to social media.C. Traditional advertising is still the most effective method.D. Social media platforms are only useful for personal use.12. What is the advantage of social media for businesses?A. It allows for direct communication with customers.B. It is more expensive than traditional advertising.C. It requires less creativity than print media.D. It is limited to a specific demographic.Passage 2In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the environment. Many people are now taking steps to reduce their carbon footprint and live more sustainably. This includesusing public transportation, recycling, and conserving energy. Governments around the world are also implementing policiesto encourage environmental responsibility. For example, some countries have introduced carbon taxes to discourage the useof fossil fuels.13. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The negative effects of industrialization on the environment.B. The individual actions people can take to protect the environment.C. The role of government in promoting environmental sustainability.D. The global efforts to combat climate change.14. What is one way governments are addressing environmental issues?A. By providing subsidies for renewable energy.B. By imposing strict regulations on industries.C. By introducing carbon taxes.D. By banning the use of single-use plastics.Passage 3Traveling can be a great way to learn about new cultures and experience different ways of life. It can also be a source of inspiration and creativity. Many artists, writers, and musicians have found inspiration in their travels. However, traveling can also be challenging, especially when visiting a foreign country where the language and customs are unfamiliar. It is important to be respectful of local customs and tolearn a few basic phrases in the local language.15. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To encourage people to travel for inspiration.B. To highlight the challenges of traveling to foreign countries.C. To provide tips for travelers visiting a foreign country.D. To discuss the benefits of learning about different cultures.16. What is the author's suggestion for travelers?A. To avoid visiting countries with different customs.B. To learn the local language before traveling.C. To be respectful of local customs.D. To focus on the challenges rather than the benefits of traveling.写作部分17. Write a short essay on the topic "The Importance of Time Management". You should write。

生物专业英语试题及答案

生物专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a type of cell organelle?A. MitochondriaB. NucleusC. RibosomeD. Cell wall2. The process of DNA replication is catalyzed by:A. PolymeraseB. TransposaseC. LigaseD. Helicase3. In eukaryotic cells, where is the transcription of DNA primarily carried out?A. CytoplasmB. MitochondriaC. NucleusD. Ribosomes4. What is the basic unit of heredity in all living organisms?A. GeneB. ChromosomeC. DNA moleculeD. Protein5. The term "genome" refers to:A. The complete set of genes of an organismB. The entire DNA of an organismC. The sum of all the proteins in an organismD. The collection of all the cells in an organism6. Which of the following is a method of genetic engineering?A. CrossbreedingB. CloningC. CRISPR-Cas9D. Natural selection7. What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?A. To provide the energy for the processB. To carry specific amino acids to the ribosomeC. To serve as the template for protein synthesisD. To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds8. The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the allele frequencies in a population will remain constant in the absence of:A. MigrationB. Genetic driftC. Natural selectionD. All of the above9. Which of the following is not a type of mutation?A. DeletionB. InsertionC. TranslocationD. Translation10. The process of photosynthesis primarily occurs in the:A. Cell wallB. CytoplasmC. ChloroplastsD. Nucleus二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The chemical structure of DNA is a double ________ helix.2. The process by which a fertilized egg develops into a mature organism is called ________.3. In genetics, the term "dominant" refers to an allele that expresses its effect when ________.4. The scientific name for a species is composed of two parts: the genus name and the ________ name.5. The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to ________, modify, and package proteins for secretion or delivery toother organelles.三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.2. Describe the process of mitosis and its significance incell division.四、翻译题（每题15分，共30分）1. Translate the following sentence into English:"基因编辑技术，如CRISPR-Cas9，为研究和治疗遗传性疾病提供了新的可能性。

生物专业英语试题及答案

生物专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of living organisms?A. Response to stimuliB. Growth and reproductionC. Cellular structureD. Inorganic composition2. The basic unit of life is the:A. OrganB. TissueC. CellD. Organism3. What is the term for the process by which organisms convert sunlight into chemical energy?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. FermentationD. Transpiration4. In genetics, the term "allele" refers to:A. A pair of genesB. A single geneC. A variant form of a geneD. A group of genes5. Which of the following is not a type of biomolecule?A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. ProteinsD. Metals6. The process by which a fertilized egg develops into a mature organism is called:A. GrowthB. DevelopmentC. DifferentiationD. Reproduction7. What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?A. Protein synthesisB. DNA replicationC. Energy productionD. Cell wall synthesis8. The scientific method involves which of the following steps?A. Observation, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusionB. Hypothesis, experimentation, observation, conclusionC. Observation, experimentation, hypothesis, conclusionD. Hypothesis, observation, experimentation, conclusion9. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?A. Lack of a nucleusB. Presence of a nucleusC. Circular DNAD. Absence of organelles10. The study of the relationships among living organisms is known as:A. AnatomyB. PhysiologyC. TaxonomyD. Ecology二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The largest organ in the human body is the __________.2. The process by which plants absorb water and nutrients is called __________.3. The genetic material of all living organisms is composed of __________.4. In cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce __________ and water.5. The study of the structure of organisms is called__________.6. The basic unit of heredity is the __________.7. The process of cell division that produces genetically identical cells is called __________.8. The scientific name of humans is __________.9. The process by which an organism's traits are passed on to its offspring is called __________.10. The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment is called __________.三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.2. Describe the role of DNA in the inheritance of traits.3. What are the main stages of the cell cycle?4. Discuss the importance of biodiversity in an ecosystem.四、论述题（20分）Discuss the impact of genetic engineering on modern agriculture and its potential risks.答案：一、选择题1. D2. C3. A4. C5. D6. B7. C8. A9. B 10. C二、填空题1. Skin2. Absorption3. Nucleic acids4. ATP5. Anatomy6. Gene7. Mitosis8. Homo sapiens9. Inheritance 10. Ecology三、简答题1. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.2. DNA carries the genetic information that determines an organism's traits and is passed from parents to offspring through reproduction.3. The main stages of the cell cycle include interphase (G1, S, and G2 phases) and the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis).4. Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability, providinga variety of resources and services, and maintaining ecological balance.四、论述题Genetic engineering has revolutionized agriculture by increasing crop yields, improving resistance to pests and diseases, and enhancing nutritional content. However, it also poses potential risks such as the creation of superweeds, gene flow to wild relatives, and ethical concerns regarding the manipulation of life forms.。

生物专业英语

Xiaodong Xu, Oct 19, 2012, HEBTU Scientific Method SongXiaodong Xu, Oct 19, 2012, HEBTUWhat is a CV?Curriculum Vitae:an outline of a person's educational and professional history, usually prepared for job applications (L, lit.: the course of one's life).Another name for a CV is a résumé.A CV is the most flexible and convenient way to make applications.It conveys your personal details in the way that presents you in the best possible light.ADifferent Types of CV❑Chronological‐outlining your career history in date order, normally beginningwith the most recent items (reverse chronological) . This is the "conventional"approach and the easiest to prepare.It is detailed, comprehensive andbiographical and usually works well for "traditional" students with a good all‐round mixture of education and work experience. Mature students, however,How to WriteShow offgrammar. If you mention your spelling andXiaodong Xu, Oct 19, 2012, HEBTUTreat the selector like a child eating a meal.Some employers may spend as little as 45 seconds skimming a résumé before branding it “not of interest”, “maybe” or “of interest”.Tips on presentation✓Your CV should be carefully and clearly laid out✓Never back a CV ‐each page should be on a separate sheet of paper . Xiaodong Xu, Oct 19, 2012, HEBTUWhen asked what would make themautomatically reject a candidate, employers said:1.CVs with spelling mistakes or typos 61%2.CVs that copied large amounts of wording from the job posting 41%3.CVs with an inappropriate email address 35%4.CVs that don’t include a list of skills 30%5.CVs that are more than two pages long 22%6.CVs printed on decorative paper 20%7.CVs that detail more tasks than results for previous positions 16% 8.CVs that include a photo 13%9.CVs that have large blocks of text with little white space 13%。

生物专业英语试题附答案

2、Differentially expressed gene 差异化表达基因（答为“不同表达基因”，仅得 0.5 分）。

3、MOE 主要嗅（觉）上皮[答为“嗅（觉）上皮”也得 1 分；若写出其英文术语全称“Main olfactory epithelium”，也得分]。

4、VNO4 犁鼻器（答为“信息素外周感受器”也得 1 分；若写出其英文术语全称“Vomeronasal organ”，也得分）。

5、Social behavior 社会行为（答为“社群行为、社交行为”也得 1 分）。

6、Monogamy 一夫一妻制（答为“一雄一雌制、单配制”也得 1 分）7、Vasopressin 加压素（答为“抗利尿素”仅得 0.5 分）。

8、Oxytocin 催产素。

9、Kin recognition 亲属识别。

10、Autism 自闭症/孤独症。

11/ 1611、NIH (美国)国家(立)卫生研究院(所)(若写出其英文术语全称NIH = National Institutes of Health 也得分)。

12、HHMI 霍华德·休斯医学研究所(若写出其英文术语全称 HHMI = Howard Hughes Medical Institute 也得分；或者译为 Howard Hughes 医学研究所，也得全分)。

13、Nanotechnology 纳米技术（纳米科技、奈米技术、奈米科技）。