便携式血糖仪的设计

便携式血糖检测仪的设计

摘要

糖尿病是一种常见的非传染却严重危害人类健康的慢性疾病，现代医学还没有根治糖尿病的方法，对患者的血糖浓度进行频繁的测定是延缓糖尿病及其并发症的重要手段。本文设计了一种以AT89C51单片机为核心，采用酶电极试纸作为传感器来检测血糖浓度的便携式仪器。

在总结前人工作的基础上，提出了本文的总体设计方案、系统目标及设计要求，重点分析了弱电流信号的检测设计实现方法。硬件模块的设计主要是根据需要进行硬件选型，包括MCU模块、电流检测、信号的传输和放大模块、显示模块等。系统的软件设计方案中主要子程序有: 液晶显示子程序、A/D转换子程序等。最后给出本系统最关键的部分：血糖值和电流值、以及与最后显示数值之间的关系式。整体设计结果表明：该血糖仪具有操作简单、测量方便等特点，十分适合糖尿病患者在家中实施血糖测试。

最后，在回顾全文的基础上针对本次所设计的血糖仪所存在的一些缺点和不足，指出了便携式血糖仪的发展趋向及有待进一步解决的问题，并对未来的发展进行展望。

关键词：血糖检测，酶电极，弱电流信号的检测，便携式血糖仪，单片机

DESIGN OF PORTABLE BLOOD GLUCOSE METER

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of common noninfectious but serioushazards to human health; Modem medicine has no cure ways. Frequently measuring blood glucose concentrations is an important means of controlling diabetes. This thesis designs a portable intelligent device for detecting blood glucose concentration, in which an AT89C51 microcontroller is used as a CPU and an enzyme electrode paper as a sensor.

On the basis of conclusions of previous work,the overall design ideas, the system objectives and design requirements are put forward by focusing on analysis of the weak current signal detection.Another chapter mainly introduces hardware selection and function of the various hardware modules,including MCU module,current detection module,signal transmission and amplification modules, display module etc .System software design main subroutines including Liquid crystal display a subroutine、A/D conversion subroutines etc. The most important part of the system that is the relationship of blood glucose level and current value is given.The results showed that，the meter is simple,convenient,which is very suitable for diabetics to implement blood glucose testing at home.

Finally,on the basis of the the disadvantages of the machine ,which has been designed by me , this thesis points out the further development trends and issues for portable blood glucose meter．The future will open out bright prospects for the application of portable blood glucose meter．

KEY WORDS：Blood glucose measurement,Enzyme electrode,The weak

current signal detection,Portable blood glucose meter,MCU

目录

前言 (6)

第一章绪论 (7)

§1.1选题背景及研究意义 (7)

§1.2便携式血糖仪概述 (8)

§1.2.1 便携式血糖仪的发展 (8)

§1.2.2 便携式血糖仪的分类 (9)

§1.3血糖检测技术 (10)

§1.3.1 血糖微创检测 (10)

§1.3.2 血糖无创检测 (12)

§1.3.3 血糖动态监测 (14)

§1.4传感器类型 (14)

§1.4.1 经典葡萄糖酶电极 (14)

§1.4.2 介体葡萄糖酶电极 (15)

§1.4.3 直接葡萄糖酶电极 (15)

第二章血糖仪的整体设计 (16)

§2.1方案总体设计 (16)

§2.2主要器件介绍 (16)

第三章系统硬件电路设计 (18)

§3.1信号前置通道设计与仿真 (18)

§3.1.1 弱电流信号的检测设计 (18)

§3.1.2 电压放大模块 (20)

§3.1.3 滤波电路设计 (24)

§3.2以单片机AT89C51为核心的控制电路设计 (27)

§3.2.1 AT89C51介绍 (27)

§3.2.2 ADC0808介绍 (30)

§3.2.3 LCD液晶显示简介 (31)