2016春《英语语言学》作业

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语言学概论第4次作业(第五-九章)答题参考.

《语言学概论》第4次作业（第五－九章）答题参考一、填空（20分，每小题1分）1．（一般性）、（模糊性）、（全民性）是词义概括性的三个重要表现形式。

2．同义词的"同"主要指（理性意义）相同或相似，不同之处主要有（范围大小）、（词义轻重）和（附加色彩）等方面。

3．（绝对）反义词的意义所概括反映的都是同类现象中的两个对立的方面。

4．词语的组合一方面要受到（语法规则）的支配，另一方面要受到（语义条件）的限制。

5．文字的作用主要是突破了有声语言的（时间）和（空间）局限，使出口即逝的语言能够传于异地，留于异时。

6．文字的发展经历了（表意）、（表意兼表音）、（表音）三个阶段。

7．从语言谱系来分类，汉语属于（汉藏）语系，英语属于（印欧语系）。

8．词汇的变化主要体现在（新词的产生和旧词的消亡）、（词语的替换）、（词义的演变）三个方面。

二、判断正误（14分，每小题1分）解题说明：正确的打钩，错误的打叉。

不需要说明理由但要求理解不能随意猜题的答案。

1．基本词具有很强的构词能力，而像"我、他、啊、吗、从"这类词都没有能产性特点，所以不是基本词。

（×）说明：这些词都具有全民性，并不是所有基本词都具有构词能力，代词和语气词一般没有构词能力，还有其它虚词也没有构词能力，但仍然是基本词。

2．词义不是对客观现实现象的反映，例如像"天堂、地狱、玉皇大帝、夜叉"这类词的意义，并不是客观现实现象。

（×）说明：这些词是对客观现实的歪曲反映。

任何词义都要反映客观现实。

3．"天、地、水、人"这些词只有一个音节，都是单义词。

（×）说明：本题很多同学答错，可能简单地将单音节词与单义词对应起来了。

单音节词不一定意义也是单一的，比如"日、老"都有较多的意义。

4．"小鞋"本义指"号码较小的鞋子"，派生义指"故意给别人的刁难"，这是隐喻。

2016年4月自考《语言学概论》00541真题及答案

2016年4月自考《语言学概论》真题及答案课程代码00541单项选择题本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。

1、下面各项可以充当北京话声母的是（）A.[m]B.C.D.[t]正确答案：D2、下面各个音素属于元音的是（）A.[o]B.[m]C.[p]D.[f]正确答案：A3、下面各项中属于发音器官的是（）A.心脏B.大脑C.肺D.胃正确答案：C4、儿童语言发展到双词阶段，产生了最早的（）A.理解能力B.语义能力C.发音能力D.语法能力正确答案：D5、汉字“休”是一个（）A.指事字B.会意字C.假借字D.形声字正确答案：B6、解释儿童语言获得的途径和条件的“天赋说”的理论基础是（）A.语言遗传机制假设B.语言决定论C.认知心理学D.条件反射理论正确答案：A7、“叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙”采用的修辞手法是（）A.比拟B.夸张C.比喻D.叠用正确答案：C8、汉族过年时“福”字倒贴，称“福倒(到)了”，这是种（）A.反说话B.吉祥话C.避讳话D.惯用话正确答案：B9、人的大脑两个半球不完全对称，大小略有差别，分工亦不同，这是大脑的（）A.不均衡现象B.发育不完全现象C.单侧化现象D.不对称现象正确答案：C10、第二语言学习者建构起来的介于母语和目间的过渡性语言系统是（）A.双语B.洋泾滨C.中介语D.来源语正确答案：C11、目前机器翻译中最难突破的是（）A.语汇平面翻译B.句法平面翻译C.语义平面翻译D.语境平面翻译正确答案：D12、“爱人”是种（）A.自称B.面称C.旁称D.谦称正确答案：C13、“孔夫子搬家—尽是书(输)”采用的修辞手法是（）A.倒置B.双关C.岔断D.转移正确答案：B14、人脑中掌管人的语言的部分是（）A.大脑左半球B.大脑右半球C.小脑D.脑千正确答案：A15、通过先天遗传得到语言能力叫（）A.语言迁移B.语言获得C.语言转化D.语言学习正确答案：B16、文字起源于（）B.结绳C.结珠D.实物正确答案：A17、“讨论体”属于语体中的（）A.口语语体B.书面语体C.文学语体D.科学语体正确答案：A18、患者症状为能听懂别人说话但基本不能说话，这种语言障碍叫（）A.失忆症B.失写症C.失读症D.布洛卡失语症正确答案：D19、“感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心”是（）A.反对B.正对C.串对D.出对正确答案：B20、汉民族共同语的标准音是（）A.普通音C.首都音D.北京音正确答案：D多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

陈新仁英语语言学实用教程第2版练习题库及答案

第一部分考研真题精选一、填空题1.Chomsky proposes that the course of language acquisition is determined by a(n)____language faculty.【中山大学2018研】【答案】innate【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。

2.____refers to the role language plays in communication(e.g. to express ideas,attitudes)or in particular social situations (e.g.religious,legal).【北二外2016研】【答案】Function【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。

功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。

3.Human language is arbitrary.This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the____it is associated with.【人大2007研】【答案】meaning【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。

4.Some sentences do not describe things.They cannot be said to be true or false.The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action.They are called____.【大连外国语学院2008研】【答案】performative【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。

《英语语言学导论》(第四版Chapter11 Second Language Acquisition

11.2.2 Learner’s factors
• Learner’s factors mainly cover the following aspects:
• Motivation • Language aptitude • Age • Learning strategy
11.2.1 Social factors
Discussing Task
Group work: Have a discussion on the following questions.
1. How does (second) language acquisition take place?
2. How is foreign language learning different from second language acquisition?
The Symbolic Function of Words
Teaching Aims
1. To know what SLA is, and how the theories account for SLA. 2. To understand different factors affecting SLA 3. To know how learner’s language is analyzed 4. To cultivate students’ research awareness and innovative spirit in discovering and solving problems by analyzing the different kinds of errors and individual differeneces in SLA.

《英语语言学概论》word版

英语语言学概论》重、难点提示第一章语言的性质语言的定义：语言的基本特征（任意性、二重性、多产性、移位、文化传递和互换性）；语言的功能（寒暄、指令、提供信息、询问、表达主观感情、唤起对方的感情和言语行为）；语言的起源（神授说，人造说，进化说）等。

第二章语言学语言学定义；研究语言的四大原则（穷尽、一致、简洁、客观）；语言学的基本概念（口语与书面语、共时与历时、语言与言学、语言能力与言行运用、语言潜势与语言行为）；普通语言学的分支（语音、音位、语法、句法、语义）；；语言学的应用（语言学与语言教学、语言与社会、语言与文字、语言与心理学、人类语言学、神经语言学、数理语言学、计算语言学）等。

第三章语音学发音器官的英文名称；英语辅音的发音部位和发音方法；语音学的定义；发音语音学；听觉语音学；声学语音学；元音及辅音的分类；严式与宽式标音等。

第四章音位学音位理论；最小对立体；自由变异；互补分布；语音的相似性；区别性特征；超语段音位学；音节；重音（词重音、句子重音、音高和语调）等。

第五章词法学词法的定义；曲折词与派生词；构词法（合成与派生）；词素的定义；词素变体；自由词素；粘着词素（词根，词缀和词干）等。

第六章词汇学词的定义；语法词与词汇词；变词与不变词；封闭词与开放词；词的辨认；习语与搭配。

第七章句法句法的定义；句法关系；结构；成分；直接成分分析法；并列结构与从属结构；句子成分；范畴（性，数，格）；一致；短语，从句，句子扩展等。

第八章语义学语义的定义；语义的有关理论；意义种类（传统、功能、语用）；里奇的语义分类；词汇意义关系（同义、反义、下义）；句子语义关系。

第九章语言变化语言的发展变化（词汇变化、语音书写文字、语法变化、语义变化）；第十章语言、思维与文化语言与文化的定义；萨丕尔-沃夫假说；语言与思维的关系；语言与文化的关系；中西文化的异同。

第十一章语用学语用学的定义；语义学与语用学的区别；语境与意义；言语行为理论（言内行为、言外行为和言后行为）；合作原则。

陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》（考研真题精选选择题）【圣才出品】

陈新仁《英语语⾔学实⽤教程》（考研真题精选选择题）【圣才出品】⼆、选择题1.The maxim of_____requires that a participant’s contribution be relevant to the conversation.（对外经贸⼤学2015研）A.quantityB.qualityC.mannerD.relation【答案】D【解析】在语⾔学中，The Cooperative Principles(合作原则)包括：Quantity Maxim(数量准则)；Quality Maxim(质量准则)；Relation Maxim(关系准则)；MannerMaxim(⽅式准则)。

其中关系准则要求说话要贴切，要有关联(be relevant)，不答⾮所问。

因此答案选D。

2.Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the_____while the latter does not.（北⼆外2017研）A.meaningB.word classC.formD.speech sound【答案】B【解析】morpheme语素，分为⾃由语素和粘着语素，其中粘着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型，词缀分为派⽣词缀（derivational affixes）和屈折词缀（inflectional affixes）。

派⽣词缀粘附在词根语素上构成新词，也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类别归属。

屈折词缀只能改变⼀个词的形式，不能构成新词。

也即屈折词缀增加的是表⽰句法范畴的意义，并且总是不改变词的类别归属。

即两者重要区别在于是否改变了词的类别，故B为正确答案。

3.“Wife”,which used to refer to any woman,stands for“a married woman”in modern English.This phenomenon is knownas_____.（西安交⼤2008研）A.semantic shiftB.semantic broadeningC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing【答案】D【解析】词义缩⼩是指原来的词义缩⼩或被限制到某个明确的意义上。

东师15春《英语语言学》题库3及满分答案

东师15春《英语语言学》题库3及满分答案、单选题（共 20 道试题，共 60 分。

）1. ______ are the features found over a segment or a sequence of two or more segments are called.A. distinctive featuresB. non-distinctive featuresC. suprasegmental featuresD. free variation正确答案：C2. Morphologically, Chinese is a(n) ____language. A. analytic B. synthetic C. agglutinating D. inflecting 正确答案：A3. A ______ is a minimal distinctive linguistic unit. A. morpheme B. word C. phoneme D. allophones正确答案：C4. （Watt ）is a measurement unit of electricity. （为括号部分的单词选择相对应的构词法） A. Sound Reduplication B. Coinage C. Eponym D. Clipping正确答案：C5. When linguists write grammars or exicographers compile dictionaries they must use __________.A. natural languageB. artificial languageC. metalanguageD. mother language正确答案：C6. vet （为下列单词选择相对应的构词法） A. Sound Reduplication B. Coinage C. Eponym D. Clipping正确答案：D7. [u:] possesses the features _____________. A.[+high][+back][+round][-tense] B.[+high][-back][+round][+tense] C.[+high][+back][+round][+tense] D.[-high][+back][+round][+tense] 正确答案：C8. The majority of English ____ change the part of speech when added to free morpheme or word. A. prefixes B. infixes C. suffixes D. morphemes正确答案：C9. The language used to talk about language is called ______. A. metalanguage B. artificial language C. natural language D. language正确答案：A10. In more detailed transcription (sometimes referred to as narrow transcription), a sound may be transcribed with a symbol to which a smaller symbol is added in order to mark the finer distinctions. The smaller one is called ____________.A. segmentB. phonetic symbolC. markerD. diacritic11. （Tick- tuck）is the sound by a clock（为括号部分的单词选择相对应的构词法） A. Sound Reduplication B. Coinage C. Eponym D. Clipping正确答案：A12. In Modern linguistics __________ language is regarded as premier. A. written B. spoken C. standard D. formal 正确答案：B13. may be defined as the scientific study of language.A. MorphologyB. LinguisticsC. PhonologyD. Phonetics正确答案：B14. In the phrases a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, both cattle and sheep contain _____ morphemes. A. one B. two C. three D. four正确答案：B15. blackboard（为下列单词选择相对应的构词法） A. Conversion B. Backformation C. BlendingD. Compounding正确答案：D16. _______ is defined as the study of the internal structure and the formation of words . A. Morphology B. Syntax C. Lexicon D. Morpheme17. I like to have （brunch） quite often. （为括号部分的单词选择相对应的构词法） A. Conversion B. Backformation C. BlendingD. Compounding正确答案：C18. The road was （enlarged ）the year before the last. （为括号部分的单词选择相对应的构词法）A. DerivationB. ConversionC. BackformationD. Blending正确答案：A19. ______ is a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class. A. Conversion B. Abbreviation C. Eponyms D. Blending正确答案：A20. Natural languages that are used to break the barrier of communication between nations are called __________. A. world lingua francas B. EsperantoC. official languagesD. foreign languages正确答案：A、判断题（共 20 道试题，共 40 分。

陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》(考研真题精选判断正误)【圣才出品】

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圣才电子书十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

双唇、清音等特征。voicing 是能够区别意义的语音特征之一，但 aspiration 不是。
5. The “Theory of Conversational Implicature” was first proposed by John L. Austin.（北二外 2015 研）【答案】F 【解析】本题考查会话含义理论。会话含义理论是美国哲学家格莱斯首先提出的，它是语用
2. Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of language.（清华 2000 研）【答案】F 【解析】It is the exception of the arbitrariness of language.
3. The English sentence “If only I could fly!” is in imperative mood.（北二外 2012 研）【答案】F 【解析】It is in subjunctive mood.
学的核心内容。而奥斯汀提出的是言语行为理论，因此该表述有误。
6. Auditory phonetics studies how sounds are perceived by the speaker.（清华 2001 研）【答案】F 【解析】It studies how sounds are perceived by the hearer.
7. The Cooperative Principle, an important pragmatic principle proposed by P. Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.（上海外国语大学 2000 研）

信阳师范学院成人高等教育2016级毕业考试英语语言学（专升本）

信阳师范学院成人高等教育2016级毕业考试英语语言学（专升本）1. ( 单选题) I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ______D_____ with my progress.(本题4.0分)A、the teacher is not satisfiedB、is the teacher not satisfiedC、the teacher is satisfiedD、is the teacher satisfied2. ( 单选题) C Will you be able to finish the job this month?C ______B___________(本题4.0分)A、I can't say so.B、I'm not sure so.C、I don't know so.D、I don't expect so.3. ( 单选题) C Will they go for a picnic today? C _________C________(本题4.0分)A、Yes, perfectly.B、Yes, it is.C、Well, it depends.D、Not at all.4. ( 单选题) The rescue team made every _____C_______ to find the missing mountain climber.(本题4.0分)A、forceB、energyC、effortD、possibility5. ( 单选题) I cannot concentrate ______A______ anything when I am hungry.(本题4.0分)A、onB、withC、atD、in6. ( 单选题) The festival will end _______A_____ a particular show.(本题4.0分)A、withB、inC、forD、through7. ( 单选题) Be quiet _____B_______ you should wake the baby.(本题4.0分)A、in any caseB、in caseC、in case ofD、in no case8. ( 单选题) There's nobody here ________B_____ me.(本题4.0分)A、rather thanB、other thanC、less thanD、more than9. ( 单选题) ______A______ his homework, he went to watch TV.(本题4.0分)A、Having finishedB、FinishedC、FinishingD、To finish10. ( 单选题) C Lily, did you have a good weekend? C _________A________(本题4.0分)A、Yes, it was wonderful.B、Thanks for caring.C、It’s a pleasure.D、Oh, that’s very nice of you.11. ( 单选题) We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite _____B_______ as planned.(本题4.0分)A、make outB、turn outC、go onD、come up12. ( 单选题) The union are threatening to _______D_____ if their pay demands are not met.(本题4.0分)A、gambleB、curseC、compareD、strike13. ( 单选题) C He must be a top student in his school. C (本题4.0分)BA、I have doubt.B、There is no doubt about it.C、Yes. No doubt.D、It is not doubtful.14. ( 单选题) This morning I got up early and went to work only ________B____ there was nobody in the office because it is Sunday.(本题4.0分)A、findingB、to findC、foundD、being found15. ( 单选题) He does not lack money, I’m afraid he ______A______ your generosity.(本题4.0分)A、is taking advantage ofB、is filled withC、appeals toD、is based on16. ( 单选题) The apartment is really too small, but it’s _______A_____ for the time being.(本题4.0分)A、tolerableB、tolerantC、intolerableD、intolerant17. ( 单选题) The collapse of the World Trade Centre hasput U.S. economy in a difficult _____C_______.(本题4.0分)A、occasionB、caseC、situationD、background18. ( 单选题) I can’t _______D_____ time away from my work.(本题4.0分)A、entertainB、containC、sootheD、spare19. ( 单选题) Women ____A________ fewer crimes than men.(本题4.0分)A、commitB、forbidC、overcomeD、afflict20. ( 单选题) The majority of smokers say that they would like to ________C____ the habit.(本题4.0分)A、sweepB、flatterC、quitD、release21. ( 单选题) CCan he do it by himself? C (本题4.0分) DA、yes, he will do so.B、Yes, that’s it.C、Yes, it is.D、Certainly, he can.22. ( 单选题) With a ____B________ smile, he went out of the room.(本题4.0分)A、contentB、contentedC、miseryD、miserable23. ( 单选题) A _______C_____ of tact and authority was needed to deal with the situation.(本题4.0分)A、separationB、revolutionC、combinationD、participation24. ( 单选题) _______A_____ other games, this one isn’t very interesting.(本题4.0分)A、In comparison withB、by comparison toC、For comparison withD、In comparison25. ( 单选题) C How about going to see a film tonight? C (本题4.0分)AA、Oh, it couldn’t be better.B、Yes, I will go.C、Of course.D、Yes, I think so.。

2016北京第二外国语学院英语语言文学考研参考书、考试大纲

050201英语语言文学专业概况英语学院（原英语系）创建于1964年，拥有本科生教育和研究生教育两个办学层次。

英语语言文学二级学科是北京市重点建设学科，英语专业是国家级特色专业和北京市特色专业、品牌专业。

本学科师资力量雄厚，拥有专任教师60余人，其中教授12人，副教授26人，博士38人（含在读），硕士生导师33人，建有1个语言与认知实验室、1个全球影视与文化软实力实验室、1个联合国教科文组织研究中心及4个非实体研究中心，承担了大量高级别科研项目，包括国家社科基金项目11项，省部级项目15项以及若干地厅级项目。

优势和特色本学科结构合理，培养方向主要包括理论语言学与应用语言学、英美社会文化、英美文学、翻译理论与实践、跨文化交际；全面实施素质教育，努力改善学生的知识结构体系，注重培养学生批判性思维能力、理论联系实际能力和创新能力，不断提高学生的人文素养，使其具有宽广的国际视野和较强的跨文化交际能力，掌握规范的科学研究方法，具备较扎实的研究能力；能胜任科研活动、英语教学及涉外工作。

培养模式为研究型人才与应用型人才并重。

研究方向、主要课程及导师1.理论语言学与应用语言学方向通过理论语言学及应用语言学基础知识及科学的研究方法的学习，使学生具有严谨的治学态度、扎实的语言学理论功底和科学研究能力。

主要课程：语言学名篇导读、音系学、形态学基础、句法学、语义学。

导师：李美霞汪红齐振海伏力闫嵘周长银吴建设杨欣然刘永厚薛锦郎建国张晓东高峰。

2.英美社会文化方向在学科交叉的指导思想下有机融汇美国学、艺术、宗教、社会学等领域的知识，使学生具备系统的英美社会文化方向学科理论知识、必备的研究方法和深厚的文化素养。

主要课程：美国社会文化史、英国社会文化史、美国学导论、西方文化批评、西方思想史。

导师：胡自信梁虹张娟张胜利武桂杰3.英美文学方向以国外传统和前沿文学理论为支撑，通过文学作品的微观分析，达到对文学流派特点的宏观把握；使学生具备扎实的西方文学理论和英美文学作品评论基础。

语言学概论课后作业语法部分

A、能扩展 B、不能扩展
C、可以插如别的成份 D、可以作为一个单位出现。
4、“老朋友”作为语法单位属于:
A、实词 B、虚词
C、固定词组 D、自由词组
5、下列各组词中全都属于复合词的一组是：
A、大学、人民、（英）reader
A．The newspaper is reading by John.
B．The newspaper is by John reading.
C．The newspaper is being read by John.
D．The newspaper is being readed by John.
A、动宾 B、偏正
C、动词 D、联合
16．以下概念属于组合关系的是:
A、主谓 B、形容词
C、宾语 D、单纯词
17．下列语言单位都属于词的是:
A、语言、饭菜、（英语）classsroom（教室）、（俄语）книга（书）
B、劳动、进步、（英语）light -wave（光波）、（日语）わたくし（我）
D．折断了猎人的枪
26．英语动词"be"有八种变化形式，下列句子中，只有_____使用正确。
A． He be good child.
B． I am a teacher.
C． They is peasant.
D． You was workers.
27．下列句子符合英语语法规则的是:
D、走-走走看-看看
20．下列说法不正确的一项是:
A．组合规则为句子的生成提供了无数的可能
B．聚合规则为句子的生成提供了无数的可能
C．我们日常使用语言离不开语法规则

16秋华师《语言学概论》在线作业

C.交际阻隔和异族语言的影响
D.地理障碍和异族语言的影响
正确答案：
35.人运用语言可以说出无限多的句子，这反映了语言的（）
A.民族性
B.符号性
C.生成性
D.系统性
正确答案：
36.“我也去北京。”中的“也”和“北京”是____关系。
A.聚合
B.组合
C.既是聚合又是组合
D.既非聚合又非组合
正确答案：
37.汉语普通话属于____。
B.一种临时混合语
C.一种国际辅助语
D.全世界的共同语
正确答案：
22.甲骨文中“为”的字形是手牵象，说明那时人们就役使象，这反映了语言的____。
A.交际功能
B.思维功能
C.认知功能
D.文化录传功能
正确答案：
23.“他不喜欢打球”中“不”和“打球”（）
A.是组合关系
B.是聚合关系
C.既是聚合关系又是组合关系
A.错误
B.正确
正确答案：
9.男子声音和女子声音的差别主要是发音是音重不同
A.错误
B.正确
正确答案：
10.具有整体部分关系的一组词称为上下词，其中表示整体的词是上词，表示部分的词是下词。
A.错误
B.正确
正确答案：
华师《语言学概论》在线作业
二、判断题（共10道试题，共20分。）
1.语言的融合就是两种语言混合为一种语言
A.错误
B.正确
正确答案：
2.先天决定论与后天环境论相对，认为第一语言的获得不是后天学习的结果，而是由先天因素决定的。
A.错误
B.正确
正确答案：
3.语音演变规律只在一段时期中起作用
A.错误
B.正确

语言学概论作业(3).

语言学概论作业（3）一、名词解释1、句子2、词组3、词4、语素5、词类6、形态7、语法意义8、语法形式9、语法手段10、语法范畴二、填空题1、是大家说话时必须遵守的习惯，不是语言学家规定的。

2、语法的和构成一种语言的语法规则。

3、语法单位主要有、、、。

4、句子按其语气可以分为陈述、疑问、祁使、感叹等不同的类型，例如“什么书他都喜欢看”是。

5、从意义和作用看，词可以分为和两大类。

6、语法研究通常以词为界，词以上的规则叫，词以下的规则叫。

7、根据在词中的不同作用，一般把语素分成、、和三类，例如“学习”中的两个语素是，“being”中的ing是，“reader”中的er 是。

8、的主要作用是改变一个词的形式，但不能构成新词。

9、一个词除去它的词尾，就是它的。

10、根据语素在词中的不同作用，把词根和词缀叫作语素，把词尾叫作语素。

11、汉语语素中，大部分是语素，不多，没有。

12、是由两个或两个以上构词语素组成的词。

13、由词根语素按一定的规则组合起来构成的词，称为。

由词根语素和词缀组合起来构成的词称为，其构词规则又叫作，或叫。

14、、、、、是语言里最基本的格式。

15、体现语法形式的语法手段主要有、、和。

16、直接组合起来构成一个更大的语法单位的两个组成成份叫作。

17、词形变化的多数形式是，也有一些使词根内部的元音和辅音。

18、几种句子格式表示相同或相近的结构意义，称为。

同一个句子表示集中不同的结构意义，称为。

19、从语法结构角度分类，一般把世界上的语言分为、、、四种类型，汉语属于。

20、孤立语的主要特点是缺乏，曲折语的主要特点是有丰富的。

三、单项选择题1、下列说法正确的是（）。

A.语法的组合规则是潜在的B.语法的聚合规则是潜在的C.语法的组合规则存在于书面语言中D.语法的聚合规则存在于书面语言中2、下列说法正确的是（）。

A.语法的组合规则是潜在的B.语法的聚合规则是潜在的C.语法的组合规则存在于书面语言中D.语法的聚合规则存在于书面语言中3、（）在语言中处于枢纽地位，一般把它作为分析语法结构的最重要的语法单位。

语言学概论第四次作业第五章

语言学概论第四次作业第五章－第九章一、填空（20分，每小题0.5分）1．（词汇）就是一种语言中所有的词和成语等固定用语的总汇。

2．根据使用情况，一般把语汇中的词分为（基本词汇）和（一般词汇）两类。

3．基本词具有（全民常用）、（稳固）、（有构词能力）三个特点。

4．（一般性）、（模糊性）、（全民性）是词义概括性的三个重要表现形式。

5．一个词最初的意义是（本义），在他的基础上派生出来的意义是（派生意义）。

6．在多义词几项意义中，有一项意义占据主要地位，这种意义是（中心意义）。

7．（引申）是派生义产生的主要途径，大致可分（隐喻）和（换喻）两种方式。

8．同义词的"同"主要指（理性意义）相同或相似，不同之处主要有（范围大小）、（词义轻重）和（附加色彩）等方面。

9．（绝对）反义词的意义所概括反映的都是同类现象中的两个对立的方面。

10．词语的组合一方面要受到（语法规则）的支配，另一方面要受到（语义条件）的限制。

11．文字的作用主要是突破了有声语言的（时间）和（空间）局限，使出口即逝的语言能够传于异地，留于异时。

12．文字是由（形）、（音）、（义）三个方面组成的统一体。

13．文字的发展经历了（表意）、（表意兼表音）、（表音）三个阶段。

14．（渐变性）和（不平衡性）是语言发展的两个突出的特点。

15．从语言谱系来分类，汉语属于（汉藏）语系，英语属于（印欧语系）。

16．词汇的变化主要体现在（新词的产生和旧词的消亡）、（词语的替换）、（词义的演变）三个方面。

17．词义的演变主要有词义的（扩大）、（缩小）、（转移）三种情况。

二、判断正误（14分，每小题0.5分）1．成语历史悠久，是语言词汇中的核心。

（×）2．基本词具有很强的构词能力，而像"我、他、啊、吗、从"这类词都没有能产性特点，所以不是基本词。

（×）3．基本词的历史都相当长，如"皇帝、天子、宰相"这类词都是基本词。

东师《英语语言学》20春在线作业1-0002

1.A ___________ is a mixed language which has become the mother tongue of a speech community.A、pidginB、creoleC、EsperantoD、natural language参考答案：B2.I like to have （brunch） quite often. （为括号部分的单词选择相对应的构词法）A、ConversionB、BackformationC、BlendingD、Compounding参考答案：C3.Fahrenheit （为下列单词选择相对应的构词法）A、Sound ReduplicationB、CoinageC、EponymD、Clipping参考答案：C4.The ____________ function (sometimes also referred to as experiential function) is realized by the transitivity systemof language.A、ideationalB、interpersonalC、textualD、logical参考答案：A5._________ refers to the process by which people use language to classify the world around and inside them.A、ApproachB、CategorizationC、PrototypeD、Cognition参考答案：B6.In more detailed transcription (sometimes referred to as narrow transcription), a sound may be transcribed with a symbol to which a smaller symbol is added in order to mark the finer distinctions. The smaller one is called ____________.A、segmentB、phonetic symbolC、markerD、diacritic参考答案：A7._________ are words that originate from proper names of individuals or places. Sandwich is a common noun originating from the fourth Earl of Sandwich, who put his food between two slices of bread so that he could eat while gambling.A、OriginatorsB、EponymsC、AbbreviationsD、Compoundings参考答案：B8.（Orlon ）is a kind of new cloth material. （为括号部分的单词选择相对应的构词法）A、Sound ReduplicationB、CoinageC、EponymD、Clipping参考答案：B9.____ is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.A、creativityB、arbitrarinessC、displacementD、interchangeability参考答案：A10.______ is the basic teaching unit in the structural syllabus.A、the wordB、the discourseC、the sentenceD、the text参考答案：C11.Two words that differ by only one sound in the same position are called minimal pairs.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A12.The term variety is the label given to the form of a language used by any group of speakers or used in a particular field.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A13.Krashen’s Monitor Theory belongs to nativist theories.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A14.In two-word stage, children use single words to represent various meanings.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：B15.Arbitrariness is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：B16.A phoneme is a minimal distinctive linguistic unit.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A17.Different arrangements of the same words have different meanings.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A18.The meanings communicated through language are or two types： conventional meanings and intentional meanings.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A19.Brunch is a blending word.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A20.A green bottle is a kind of fly.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A21.In the phrases a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, both cattle and sheep contain two morphemes.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A22.A syllabus is an official document which authoritatively determines the content and principles of teaching and learning.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A23.Morphology is defined as the study of the internal structure and the formation of words.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A24.[u:] possesses the features [+high][+back][+round][-tense].（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：B25.Semantics is the only discipline that studies meaning.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：B26.The voiceless bilabial stop in pin and the one in spin are in complementary distribution.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A27.According to Halliday, the ideational function is the function of language that people use as medium to get along in a community.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：B28.The total number of words stored in the brain is called the lexicon.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A29.Code-switching refers to the fact that a speaker changes from one language to the other in different situations or when talking about different topics.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A30.The word “multinationality” has 2 morphemes.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：B31.A natural language is a mixed language which has become the mother tongue of a speech community.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：B32.Back-channel signals are a fundamental unit of conversational structure.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：B33.The syllabus and the textbooks are prepared according to the social aim for teaching a language.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A34.The structural syllabus takes the sentence as the basic teaching unit.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A35.Dog and cat are subordinates of livestock.（）A、正确B、错误36.Children all undergo babbling, holophrastic, two-word, and the telegraphic speech stages of language development.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A37.A polyseme is a word which has several related senses.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A38.Creativity is one of the features of language.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：A39.Smog is a blended word.（）A、正确B、错误40.Field is related to how we communicate, through speech or writing.（）A、正确B、错误参考答案：B。

(完整word版)语言学练习二第2次作业 Microsoft Word 文档

烟台南山学院2015—2016学年第一学期《英语语言学练习》二(课程代码：11120210专业：英语学习层次：本科年级：2014级)(第二次作业针对第一、二章。

试题总分100分。

本次练习只有多选题。

)一、单项选择（共40题，每小题2.5分，满分100分)Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. （2.5%×40=100%）（答题时请按照本答卷上的题号标注，每5个一行。

）1. The study of language at one point of time is a _A______ study.A. synchronicB. historicC. diachronicD. descriptive11. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be C .A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguisticnguage is a system of arbitrary _D________ symbols used for human communication.A. culturalB. conventionalC. decodedD. vocal19. Of all the speech organs, the _C_______ is/ are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords20. Chomsky uses the term __D______ to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langueB. competenceC. paroleD. Performance33. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop?AA. [p]B. [m]C. [b]D. [t]37.What kind of function does the sentence “How do you do?” have ?BA. DirectiveB. PhaticC. InformativeD. Evocative40.The branch of linguistics that studies meaning of language in context is called __C_______.A. semanticsB. sociolinguisticsC. pragmaticsD. psycholinguistics41. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____A___ .A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took apsychological point of viewB. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took asociological point of viewC. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semanticpoint of viewD. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmaticpoint of viewnguage is a system of ___D______ vocal symbols used for human communication.A. unnaturalB. artificialC. superficialD. arbitrary44. A(n) ___C_____ is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phoneB. allophoneC. phonemeD. sound51. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _B_________.A. contactB. communicationC. relationD. community52. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? AA. treeB. typewriterC. crashD. bang53.The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is____C______.A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. Performative54. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say “碎碎（岁岁）平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?CA. InterpersonalB. EmotiveC. PerformativeD. Recreational55. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?CA. TransferabilityB. DualityC. DisplacementD. Arbitrariness56. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?—A nice day, isn’t it?— Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.BA. EmotiveB. PhaticC. PerformativeD. Interpersonal57. ______A___ refers to the actual realization of the ideal languageuser’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A. PerformanceB. CompetenceC. LangueD. Parole58. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists here and now. It couldn’t be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of ___C_______.A. cultural transmissionB. productivityC. displacementD. duality59. _______A__ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.A. PsycholinguisticsB. Anthropological linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Applied linguistics60. _______C___ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic theoryB. Practical linguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics61. Pitch variation is known as ____A______ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice62. Conventionally a ____C______ is put in slashes (/ /).A. allophoneB. phoneC. phonemeD. morpheme64. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as ___A_______.A. glottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula65. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as ________A__ diphthongs.A. wideB. closingC. narrowD. centering66. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called ___D_______.A. minimal pairsB. allomorphsC. phonesD. allophones67. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?BA. Acoustic phoneticsB. Articulatory phoneticsC. Auditory phoneticsD. None of the above68. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?AA. [n]B. [m]C. [ b ]D. [p]69. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?BA. [i:]B. [ u ]C. [e]D. [ i ]70. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?BA. V oicelessB. V oicedC. Glottal stopD. Consonant122. All syllables contain a _A_______.A. nucleusB. codaC. onsetD. stem123. The categories of consonant are NOT established on the basis of ______C__. A. manners of articulation B. place of articulationC. narrow transcriptionD. voicing124. In syllable, a vowel often serves as ____A____.A. peak or nucleusB. onsetC. codaD. morph129. According to F. De Saussure, _C_______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. language 130. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?AA. /n/B. /m/C. /b/D. /p/140. The consonant /s/ in the word “smile” can be described as: ____A____.A. voiceless oral alveolar fricativeB. voiceless nasal bilabial liquidC. voiced oral alveolar plosiveD. voiced oral bilabial fricative141. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _B________. A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community 143.Saussure took a(n) ________ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ________ point of view.AA. sociological... PsychologicalB. psychological... SociologicalC. applied... PragmaticD. semantic... Linguistic145. ____C____ deal with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic geographyB. SociolinguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics146. Which of the following is not a minimal pair?AA. /li:f/ /fi:l/B. /sip/ /zip/C. /sai/ /sei/D. /keit/ /feit/。

东北师范大学22春“英语”《英语语言学》作业考核题库高频考点版(参考答案)试题号1

东北师范大学22春“英语”《英语语言学》作业考核题库高频考点版（参考答案）一.综合考核(共50题)1.A natural language is a mixed language which has become the mother tongue of a speech community.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B2.Immediate constituent analysis adds a new dimension to the analysis of sentence structure.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B3.The vibrating of the vocal cords when sounds produced is regarded as ____.A.VoicingB.voicedC.nasalizationD.aspiration参考答案：A4.Consonants can be described in terms of places of articulation, manners of articulation, and vibrating.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：AEnglish is not an example of SVO languages.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B6.Arbitrariness is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B7.The ____________ function (sometimes also referred to as experiential function) is realized by the transitivity system of language.A、ideationalB、interpersonalC、textualD、logical参考答案：A8.____ is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.A、creativityB、arbitrarinessC、displacementD、interchangeability参考答案：A9.Arbitrariness is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.()A.错误B.正确10.Syntactically, Japanese is an isolating language.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B11.A textbook is an official document that authoritatively determines the content and principles of teaching and learning.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A12.A number of pisions of linguistics can be put into two categories: intra-disciplinary pisions and inter-disciplinary pisions.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B13.Semantics is the only discipline that studies meaning.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B14.The term Creole is the label given to the form. of a language used by any group of speakers or used in a particular field.()A.错误参考答案：A15.The process that puts an existing word of one class into another class is ______.A、ConversionB、AbbreviationC、EponymsD、Blending参考答案：A16.The general roles language play are termed meta. grammar.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A17.Some young people have (brunch) quite often. (为括号部分的单词选择相对应的构词法)A.DerivationB.BlendingC.BackformationD.Acronym参考答案：B18.The pioneering investigation done by William Labov in New York City in 1966 was to test accents among different groups of speakers.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：Bintentional meanings.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A20.Krashen’s Monitor Theory belongs to nativist theories.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A21.Age is an important factor in second language acquisition.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B22.refers to the process by which people use language to classify the world around and inside them.A.ApproachB.CategorizationC.PrototypeD.Cognition参考答案：B23.______ is the basic teaching unit in the structural syllabus.A、the wordB、the discourseC、the sentenceD、the text24.The voiceless bilabial stop in pin and the one in spin are in complementary distribution.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A25.In more detailed transcription (sometimes referred to as narrow transcription), a sound may be transcribed with a symbol to which a smaller symbol is added in order to mark the finer distinctions. The smaller one is called ____________.A、segmentB、phonetic symbolC、markerD、diacritic参考答案：A26.impossible (为下列单词选择相对应的构词法)A.DerivationB.ConversionC.BackformationD.Blending参考答案：A27.[u:] possesses the features [+high][+back][+round][-tense].()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B28.B、CoinageC、EponymD、Clipping参考答案：C29.Pragmatics is defined as the study of meaning.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A30.Language has the following features except ____.A.dualityB.productivityC.changeabilityD.displacement参考答案：C31.Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future because it has the feature of interchangeability.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B32.The syllabus and the textbooks are prepared according to the social aim for teaching a language.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A33.Code-switching refers to the fact that a speaker changes from one language to the other in different situations or when talking about different topics.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A34.A phoneme is a minimal distinctive linguistic unit.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A35.Orlon (为下列单词选择相对应的构词法)A.Sound ReduplicationB.CoinageC.EponymD.Clipping参考答案：B36.A ___________ is a mixed language which has become the mother tongue of a speech community.A、pidginB、creoleC、EsperantoD、natural language参考答案：B37.Creativity is one of the features of language.()A、正确参考答案：A38.A green bottle is a kind of fly.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A39.The following are all suprasegmental features except ____.A、stressB、toneC、voicingD、intonation参考答案：C40.Pragmatics is concerned with conventional meaning.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：B41.Backformation is a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A42.Morphologically, Chinese is a(n) ____ language.A.analyticD.inflecting参考答案：A43.The term variety is the label given to the of a language used by any group of speakers or used in a particular field.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A44.The Swiss scholar, Ferninand de Saussure, is the founder of Modern Linguistics.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B45.continuant specifies all the fricatives.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B46.infotech (为下列单词选择相对应的构词法)A.ConversionB.BackformationC.Blendingpounding参考答案：C书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她by the transitivity system of language.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B48.tick- tuck (为下列单词选择相对应的构词法)A、Sound ReduplicationB、CoinageC、EponymD、Clipping参考答案：A49.Morphology is defined as the study of the internal structure and the formation of words.()A、正确B、错误参考答案：A50.Pragmatics analysis is concerned with utterance meaning.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A。

东师15春《英语语言学》题库22及满分答案

东师15春《英语语言学》题库22及满分答案一、单选题（共 20 道试题，共 50 分。

）1. Independent sources say that the death __________ from the earthquake runs into thousands.A. tollB. funnelC. quackD. impair正确答案：A2. Do you think it‘s within his ___________ to (= Do you think he‘ll be able to) do the job without making a mess of it?A. capacityB. terminologyC. bathD. term正确答案：A3. Now we headed into a thick scrub of ________ bamboo and hypericum trees.A. lobeliasB. mingledC. minglingD. lest正确答案：B4. New problems took their place – the unprecedented problems of an ________ society.A. affluenceB. affluentC. doggedD. sanitary正确答案：B5. Do you share Chris Singer’s almost religious ________ for Bob Dylan?A. reverenceB. reverentC. kindnessD. act正确答案：A6. Prejudice against black was ________ to most white Americans for many years.A. visibleB. invisibleC. tangibleD. intangible正确答案：B7. Children these days would ________ out of sheetmetal clothes.A. burstB. bustC. breakD. burnt正确答案：B8. But then fatigue created a kind of mental ________.A. anaestheticB. paralyzedC. subsideD. exhaustion正确答案：A9. After the recent scandal, the priest is expected to do the ________ thing and resign from his position.A. decentB. celebratedC. wiltedD. bland正确答案：A10. I‘m usually ____________ by beggars and drunks as I walk to the station.A. batteredB. raggedC. accostedD. terraced正确答案：C11. Unfair employment practices are enforced instead of ________.A. evadedB. evadeC. invadedD. invade正确答案：A12. For at best their victory never ________ on the shinning new world they had dreamed of.A. cleansB. dawnsC. cleansedD. dawn正确答案：B13. My aunt never married because her father wouldn‘t _____________ to her marriage.A. consentedB. consentC. elbowedD. elbow正确答案：B14. Elvis managed to embody the ________ teenage spirit of the 1950s.A. frustratingB. frustrateC. frustratedD. frustration正确答案：C15. It seemed at times that we were climbing almost________.A. perpendicularlyB. resolutelyC. unpromisingD. splendidly正确答案：A16. _________ efforts were made throughout the war to disguise the scale of civilian casualties.A. StrenuousB. IndifferentC. InhalingD. Insatiable正确答案：A17. It is his job, no doubt, to discipline his temperament and avoid getting stuck at some immature stage, or in some ________ mood.A. shiversB. associationC. perverseD. projected正确答案：C18. I could detect ________ variances in fragrance as we strolled through the garden.A. beginningB. subtleC. substituteD. sacred正确答案：B19. His _______________ at the outcome of the court case was very clear.A. experimentB. novelisC. anguishD. frenzy正确答案：C20. We see that freight railroads make good profits while __________ excellent service.A. recompensingB. immortalC. partingD. rendering正确答案：D二、判断题（共 20 道试题，共 50 分。