英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料
英语国家社会与文化 考试要点
「英语国家社会与文化」期末考试要点Part I Blank Filling (每小题1分，共35分)1.Britain is a constitutional monarchythe head of state--Queen elizabeth IIthe head of government--prime minister2.The official name of UK--United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland3.The defensive fortification in northern England built from AD 122--Hadrian's Wall4.The flag of the united kingdom--Union Jack, Red Cross of Saint patrick - IrelandThe Cross of saint George - EnglandThe Cross of saint Andrew - Scotland5.British civil wars (1455-1485)--Wars of the Roses6.The United States of American is a federal constitutional republic,the capital district--Washington, D.C.states--50个（除Alaska State 和Hawaii State 之外的48个在本土）7.The fist permanent settlement in north America--Jamestwon（English 1607）8.The national government after the war of independence was won--the United States Constitution was ratified in 1788，the new republic’s first Senate, House of Representatives, and president--George Washington--took office in 1789.9.In 1492，the discovery of Columbus--In 1942，Christopher Columbus, under contract to the Spanish Crown, reached “La Florida”10.Mayflower--the Pilgrim ship that in 1620 made the historic voyage from England to the New World. Mayflower master Christopher Jones11.In 1063，Martin Luther King for civil rights12.British favorite public sport--football13.Rugby school is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain --rugby14.OXBRIDGE--the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge15.On December 7，1941，Japanese attacked on pearl harbor ,which led the pacific war broke out. The United States entered the war formally, and isolationism vanished overnight16.Symbols of the American Two parties are the elephant and donkey, which represents the Republican and the Democratic Party17.bride新娘groom新郎bridesmaid伴娘the best man伴郎bride’s father新娘的爸爸priest神职人员（男）18.In the 1980s, when the conservative party under Margaret Thatcher was in power, and extensive program of privatization was carried out.19.Adam Smith the wealth of nations20.New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on Wall Street21.Detroit -- motor citySan Francisco-- the center of technology developmentLos Angeles-- takes lead in the country’s film and television industriesHollywood-- the capital of motion pictures in the worldBoston -- the city where most famous universities are locatedNew York-- the center of financial, publishing, broadcasting, and advertising industriesPart II Definitions (每小题3分，共15分)1.Norman conquest: The Norman conquest of England was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later William the Conqueror.2.Henry VIII: Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later assumed the Kingship, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France. He was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church for his divorce.3.A-level: The General Certificate of Education Advanced Level, is an academic qualification offered by educational institutions to students completing secondary or pre-university education. It requires studying an offered A-level subject over a two-year period and sitting for an examination at the end of each year (AS and A2, respectively), proctored by an official assessment body. Most students study three or four A-level subjects simultaneously during Year 12 and Year 13 (ages 16–18), either in a secondary education institution or in a Sixth Form College, as part of their further education.4.The American War of Independence:began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies, but gradually grew into a world war between Britain on one side and the newly formed United States, France, Netherlands, Spain, and Mysore on the other. The warwas from April 19, 1775 to September 3, 1783, was the result of the political American Revolution and began in Lexington, the eastern north America. At last, through signing Peace of Paris, British recognized the United States of America. American independence was achieved.5.Academy Awards: commonly known as The Oscars, are a set of awards given annually for excellence of cinematic achievements. Organized and overseen by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the awards are given each year at a formal ceremony. The awards were first given in 1929, is the oldest award ceremony in the media, and also one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world.6.The Declaration of Independence: The Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776 in Philadelphia, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. The national birthday, the Independence Day is celebrated on July 4.7.The “Lost Generation”: The "Lost Generation" is used for the period from the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression. In the United States it is used for the generation of young people who came of age during and shortly after World War I, alternatively known as the World War I generation. In Britain the term was originally used for those who died in the war, and often implicitly referred to upper-class casualties who were perceived to have died disproportionately, robbing the country of a future elite.8.Baby boomer: In the United States, a baby boomer is a person who was born during the demographic Post-World War II baby boom between the years 1946 and 1964.9.GCSE: The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is an academic qualification awarded in a specified subject, generally taken in a number of subjects by students aged 14–16 in secondary education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It was introduced in 1986 (with the first examinations taking place in 1988) replacing the former O Level / CSE qualifications. As well as amalgamating the two fomer examination systems, one of the main changes was to allow students to complete Course Work during their two years of study, which was marked by their teachers and contributed to their final examination grade.10.The Gunpowder Plot of 1605: The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I of England and VI of Scotland by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby.11.The New World: The New World is one of the names used for the Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas, certain Atlantic and Pacific oceanic islands to which the closest continental shelf is that of the Americas (such as Bermuda), and sometimes Oceania (Australasia). The term originated in the early 16th century after Europeans made landfall in, what would later be called, "the Americas," in the age of discovery, expanding the geographical horizon of thepeople of the Middle Ages, who had thought of the world as consisting of Africa, Asia, and Europe only: collectively now referred to as the Old World.Part III Answers & Answer (每小题4分，共20分)Part IV Short Essays (每小题10分，共30分)1.What were the consequences of the norman conquest?1) Elite replacementA direct consequence of the invasion was the almost total elimination of the old English aristocracy and the loss of English control over the Catholic Church in England.2) English emigrationFollowing the conquest, many Anglo-Saxons, including groups of nobles, fled the country for Scotland, Ireland, or Scandinavia. Some of the English migrants were settled in Byzantine frontier regions on the Black Sea coast, and established towns with names such as New London and New York.3) Governmental systemsAll of England was divided into administrative units called shires, with subdivisions; the royal court was the center of government, and royal courts existed to secure the rights of free men.4) LanguageOne of the most obvious effects of the conquest was the introduction of Anglo-Norman, a northern dialect of Old French, as the language of the ruling classes in England, displacing Old English. French words entered the English language, and a further sign of the shift was the usage of names common in France instead of Anglo-Saxon names.5) Immigration and intermarriageAn estimated 8000 Normans and other continentals settled in England as a result of the conquest. Within a century of the invasion, intermarriage between the native English and the Norman immigrants had become common.6) SocietyThe major change was the elimination of slavery in England, which had disappeared by the middle of the 12th century.2.What were the reasons that the industrial revolution was initiated in Britain?1) England had experienced all of the forerunners of industrialization in the previous century: an agricultural revolution, cottage industry, and an expanded commercial revolution. These developments had built surplus capital and an infrastructure (shipping, banking, insurance, joint stock companies).2) England already had a handcraft textile industry using wool, but with the availability of cotton from overseas markets as an alternative raw material.3) The scientific revolution in England prepared the way for new inventions to be applied to industry.4) A spreading shortage of wood (used for energy, for shipbuilding and construction) stimulated a search for alternatives.5) England was rich in supplies of coal for energy and iron for construction.6) England had a long, irregular coastline with many rivers and natural harbors which provided easy transportation by water to many areas.7) England's population grew rapidly in the 18th century, providing a labor force for industry.3.What were the influences of the industrial revolution in Britain?1) Economical ConsequencesIts industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain was by 1830 the “workshop of the world”.Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. The country underwent a process of mass urbanization. Many new cities sprang up, such as Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham and Sheffield . In 1850, the urban population was half of the whole population in Britain.2) Political ConsequencesThere emerged two new contrary classes: the industrial proletariat vs. the industrial bourgeoisie. Political conflicts between them worsened4.What do you think are the difference between British and Chinese education?1)On Primary EducationFor the British education, there are two sections in primary schools—an infant section and a junior section. Before their elementary schooling some children attend Nursery Schools, which are run by an individual person or a company. But most small children stay at home with their mothers. After two years in the infants’ school the child enters a junior school.China has adopted a nine-year compulsory schooling system. Students have to complete both the primary school program and the junior middle-school program. Student must pass the entrance examination for senior middle schools or middle-level technical schools.2)On Secondary Education (equal middle school in China)The secondary is about 7 years in Britain from 11 to 19, and there are two complete education systems at this stage, the state school and the independent schools. At this stage of education, there are various schools. They are grammar schools, comprehensive secondary schools, secondary modern schools and “public schools”. The first three schools belong to the state system, while public schools belong to the category of independent schools. Very few grammar schools are secondary schools belong to the old system. All there schools are products of various periods in history.In China, high school education include two parts:3-year junior high school program and senior high school. From junior high school, students begin to learn a variety of science subjects. Physical education is enthusiastically encouraged. Senior high school education is a continuation of junior high school. Students take up specific subjects in either science or humanity subjects. The purpose is for them in preparation for the national university entrance examination. Examinations are designed separately for science and arts students.3)On Higher EducationThese are over forty universities in Britain. They can be divided into five types: old universities, the four Scottish universities, and Open Universities and the one independent university. Apart from the universities these are polytechnics and colleges of higher education for those who fail to get universities or who choose more practical courses.Higher education in China is to train specialists for all the sectors of the country's development. Universities, colleges and institutes offer four-year or five-year undergraduate programs as well asspecial two-or three-year programs. Students who have completed a first degree may apply to enter graduate schools. University admission is operated on a centralized enrollment system, in which admissions committees at the provincial level are under the Ministry of Education. Admission is granted on the basis of academic, physical and moral qualifications. Special allowances are made for minority nationality and overseas Chinese candidates’.4) On Adult EducationOne of the most far reaching changes to schools in England in the last few years has been the enormous growth in the number of adults other than teachers working in classrooms. These other adults in the classroom carry out a wide range of tasks. Some have specialist qualifications whereas others do not. In the great majority of cases they will be working under your direction. For some overseas trained teachers, this is the first time another adult has been present in the classroom for which you have responsibility. This area of the site provides guidance on the effective management of other adults in the classroom.5. Give names of famous rock & roll singers.Bon Jovi The Beatles Linkin Park Rolling Stones (主唱Mick Jagger )Bob Dylan Avril Lavigne Cold Play6. List American holidays that are not traditionally celebrated in China.Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. Inauguration Day Memorial DayColumbus Day Thanksgiving Day Veterans Day7. In what way do you think the lifestyle of English and American people is different from that of the Chinese?8. What is the government structure in the U.S? (3 branches of US political system)9. What were the characteristics of the Victorian era?The era is often characterized as a long period of peace, known as the Pax Britannica, and economic, colonial, and industrial consolidation, temporarily disrupted by the Crimean War, although Britain was at war every year during this time. Towards the end of the century, the policies of New Imperialism led to increasing colonial conflicts and eventually the Anglo-Zanzibar War and the Boer War. Domestically, the agenda was increasingly liberal with a number of shifts in the direction of gradual political reform and the widening of the voting franchise.10. What were the characteristics of the Elizabeth age?This period is generally regarded as the greatest in the history of English literature. Historically, Constitution Legislative Branch Congress Executive Branch President Vice presidentJudicial Branch Supreme Courtwe note in this age the tremendous impetus received from the Renaissance, from the Reformation, and from the exploration of the New World. It was marked by a strong national spirit, by patriotism, by religious tolerance, by social content, by intellectual progress, and by unbounded enthusiasm.Such an age, of thought, feeling, and vigorous action, finds its best expression in the drama; and the wonderful development of the drama, culminating in Shakespeare, is the most significant characteristic of the Elizabethan period. Though the age produced some excellent prose works, it is essentially an age of poetry; and the poetry is remarkable for its variety, its freshness, its youthful and romantic feeling. Both the poetry and drama were permeated by Italian influence, which was dominant in English literature from Chaucer to the Restoration. The literature of this age is often called the literature of the Renaissance, though, the Renaissance itself began much earlier, and for a century and a half added very little to English literary possessions.11.The main newspaper or magazines in the U.SThe Los Angeles TimesThe New York TimesWashington PostThe Wall Street JournalTIMEPeopleReader’s Digest12.The main newspaper or magazines in UKThe TimesThe Daily TelegraphThe GuardianThe MirrorNature13.What do the brides wear in a western wedding?Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Blue.Something old must be something that has belonged to a happily married woman to ensure the transfer of happiness.Something new is normally the gown or shoes.Something borrowed should be gold to ensure future wealth and fortune.Something blue, symbolizes modesty, fidelity, and love.14.How do wars influence people?1) On soldiersSoldiers subject to combat in war often suffer mental and physical injuries, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, disease, injury, and death.2) On civiliansMany wars have been accompanied by significant depopulations, along with destruction of infrastructure and resources (which may lead to famine, disease, and death in the civilianpopulation). Civilians in war zones may also be subject to war atrocities such as genocide, while survivors may suffer the psychological aftereffects of witnessing the destruction of war.3) On the economyOnce a war has ended, losing nations are sometimes required to pay war reparations to the victorious nations. In certain cases, land is ceded to the victorious nations. For example, the territory of Alsace-Lorraine has been traded between France and Germany on three different occasions.4) On the artsWar leads to forced migration causing potentially large displacements of population. Among forced migrants there are usually relatively large shares of artists and other types of creative people, causin g so the war effects to be particularly harmful for the country’s creative potential in the long-run.。
英语国家社会文化复习
Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom1.女王的职责？/女王的作用？○1To represent Britain at home and abroad.○2To set standards of good citizenship and family life.2.女王的角色？○1Legally head of the executive(行政部门)○2An integral part of the legislature○3Head of the judiciary(司法部)○4Commander in chief of the armed forces○5“Supreme governor” of the Church of England○6Confidante to the Prime Minister3. 公众对女王的态度？4. 议会的职能？○1Pass laws○2Provide the means of carrying on the work of government by voting fortaxation○3Scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure○4Debate the major issues of the day5.上、下议院？Lords are below the Crown, and are usually called peersDifference: ○1sources ○2term ○3salaryUnit4 Politics, Class and Race1.选举的时间？Every 5 years2.选举的过程？(1) Delivering voting card(2) The electoral campaigns(3)“Opinion polls”(4) Election day: voting and counting3.什么时候可以提前？○1The government loses a “vote of no confidence” in the H ouse ofCommons ○2The Prime Minister decides that the government is currently very popular4.什么人有资格参加选举？○1Anyone who is eligible to vote with 500 pounds as deposit○2Joining one of the big parties and applying to be chosen as theircandidate in one of the constituencies provide a greater chance towin.5.选举中什么过程对候选人关键？6.政党主张？(1) The Labour party: ○1a socialist party○2believe a society should be relatively equal in economic terms○3government should play a redistribute role: transferring wealth fromricher to poorer○4government should provide a range of public services available to all,such as health, education and public transport(2) The Conservative party: ○1a party of individual○2protect the individual’s right to acquire wealth an d to spendit how they choose○3Hold a fatherly sense of obligation to the less fortunate○4The difference with The Lobour party is one of degree, notabsolute.(3) The Liberal party: ○1a party of the “middle”○2Comparatively flexible and pragmatic in their balance ofthe individual and the social○3Emphas ize the need for change in Britain’s constitutionalarrangements to make government more democraticand accountable7.阶级有什么？判定标准？(1) working-class: manual workers (blue workers)(2) middle-class: office workers (white workers)○1Lower middle-class: unskilled office workers or skilled well paidmanual workers○2upper middle-class: having relatively high incomes and high statusprofessions (lawyer/doctor)8.移民问题对英国的影响？Positive: Increase the variety and interest within British cultureE.g. Restaurant food、TV programs、books、musicNegative: ○1Ethnic relations are tensed: the local people view thenew comers as a threat to their way of living.○2Despite much official action to minimize racism, bothsubtle and overt oppression remains○3The situation of the immigrant population isunpleasant:They face problems of unemployment，under-representation in politics and unfair treatmentby police and justice system.Unit 5 The UK Economy1.英国经济从二战后衰退的原因？○1Britain has gone heavily into debt in order to financethe war ○2As the era of empire was over, Britain lost its colonies which used to be raw material bases and big markets for British people○3Still maintain a substantial and expensive military presence in many overseas location○4As Britain’s industry survived comparatively unaffected in the German bombing duri ng the war, Britain lacked the investment in modern equipment and new products2.… … 生产的情况？□1Primary industry: (1) Agriculture (2) Fishing(3) Mining: ○1Oil and gas ○2Coal○3New renewable energy sources□2Secondary industries: (1) Manufacturing industry: Pharmaceuticals、Chemicals、high-technology engineeringindustry、Aerospace、Food and drink(2) Electronics industry□3Tertiary industriesUnit 7 British Education System1.英国教育？公立，私立？(1) State sector: ○1They are founded by local and centralgovernment ○2They provide free education for students(2)Private sector: ○1They receive the money through the privatesector、tuition rates with some government assistance2.教育阶段？（1）Pre-primary schooling(2) Primary school: 5-11, pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools（3）Secondary school: ○111-19, include comprehensive schools (综合学校) andgrammar schools（文法学校）○2Comprehensive schools: the most popular secondaryschools in Britain today; admit children withoutreference to their academic abilities; provide ageneral education○3Grammar schools: select children through“the11-plus”; lay emphasis advanced academicsubjectsUnit 4 The political System in the United States1.制约关系？怎样发挥作用？The three branches of the federal government(1) It is a way of restricting government power and preventing its abuse(2) In the three-part national government, this system works in many ways to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another2. 政党？政党主张？（1）The Democratic Party: donkey; more liberal; In the 1930s, PresidentFranklin Roosevelt started the New Deal in order to solve theDepression. Provided paid employment for people building dams androads and public building and Social Security.(2) The Republican Party ：elephant; more conservative; Republicans placemore emphasis on private enterprise and often accuse the Democrats ofmaking the government too expensive and of creating too many laws thatharm individual initiativeUnit 5 American Economy当前经济状况做分析？成功之处：American farmers are virtually unrivaled in producing crops cheaply and in quantity. America ag ricultural produce’s output is huge. Bountiful resources、the geographical size of the country, population trends and strong domestic demand are responsible for the successes of American business and industry. More and more people are employed in service industries in the US.危机：The problems are deep-seated, revealing defects in the free market and US government financial policies.Unit 8 Education in the United States(1)Gradu ate schools in America award master’s and doctor’s degrees(2)An undergraduate student has to earn a certain number of credits(120) in order to receive adegree at the end of four years of college(3)About 25% of all schools of higher education in the US are privately operated by religiousorganizations.(4)Income sources: student tuition endowments and government funding(5)Flourishing reason: ○1They offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research○2Access to “mainframe” c omputer and to modern labs attracts leading scientists○3Students enroll to study with the expertsUnit 9 Social problems in the United States1.当前美国移民？(1)Housing(2)Busing and other programs(3)education(4) family income2.贫困问题？Lots of Americans are living at or below the official poverty line. Their incomesaren’t insufficient to meet basic requirement of food, clothing and shelter. The unequal distribution of wealth and income.3.吸毒带来的影响？（1）crime (2) automobile accidents (3) effects on individuals(4) economic losses4. 犯罪的原因？Young people:(1) less skillful than older adults in avoiding being arrested(2) They tend to commit crimes, they are highly visible to the policeBlack population:(3) most of them are poor or unemployed(4) racial discrimination。
英语国家社会与文化入门下册课后习题集(期末备考复习)
U3 American BeginningsⅠ1. The question “What is an American?” was first asked by J. Hector ST. John de Crevecoeur. (T)2. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. (T)7. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe. (T)8. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America. (F)Ⅱ1. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? (A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.)3. The following were the main Reformation leaders except. (B. Martin Luther King.)7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except. (C. William Penn.)10.”No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of. (D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.)Ⅲ1. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question “what is an American” in his book (letters from An American Farmer)2. The New World of America was peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first one from (Asia) and the second from (Europe) and (Africa).3. American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arriver. These three civilizations were (The Aztecs),(the Incas)and(the Mayas).4. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of (1492).5. The English king claimed the territory of North America based on the voyage of (John Cabot)Ⅳ3. The Declaration of Independence.The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776, When the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.U4 The Political System in the United StatesⅠ1. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unified nation as it is today. (F)3. The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. (T)4. The main duty of the Congress id to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. (T)6. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. (F)7. The 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government are called the Bill of Rights. (T)9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party, formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. (T)Ⅱ4. Which of the following statements NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, (A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.)5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? (B. The legislative. )6. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president? (C. The president can make laws.)7. The Bill of Rights consists of (C. 10 amendments added to the Constitutionin 1791)8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights? (B. The freedom of searching a person’s home by police. )Ⅲ4. The Constitution set up a federal system with (a strong central government.)5. A federal system is one in which power is shared between (a central authority) and (its constituent parts) with some rights reserved to each.6. The US federal government consists of the following three branches: the executive, (the legislative) and (the judicial).7. The Congress id divided into (the House of Representatives) with 435 members who serve two-year terms, and (the Senate) with 100 lawmakers who serve six-year terms.8. Groups who try to persuade Congressmen to vote for or against a bill are known as (lobbies).9. The Supreme Court is composed of (1) chief justice and (8) associate justices.10. The Supreme Court has the function of determining whether Congressional legislative or executive action violates the Constitution. This power is called (judicial review).12. The two major political parties are (the Democratic party), which is thought to be more liberal, and (the Republican party), which is believed to be more conservative.Ⅳ2. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each.3. The making of the US ConstitutionThe Articles of Confederation failed. The Congress decided to hold a constitutional convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. The delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island refused to participate) gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up in writing a new constitution and set a federal system with a strong central government. The Constitution provided that an election of the president would be called, federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate and a Supreme Court would be set up. This new Constitution was finally approved by the majority of the citizens in over 9 of the 13 states and was officially put into effect in 1787.5. The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.U5 American EconomyⅠ2. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill. (T)5. Many people believe that the economic freedom of capitalism is crucial to America’s economic success. (T)6. When people buy stocks, the become part owner of the company. (T)8. One reason for America’s affluence is that a lot of people have inherited wealth from their parents. (F)9. Strong domestic demand is one factor contributing to America’s affluence. (T)Ⅱ1. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of (B. Rhode Island)2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in (C. firearms industry)3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in (C. 1863)5. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry? (D. Steelmaking)6. The United States was rated (C. fourth) in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.Ⅲ2. When starting a business or launching new ventures, money was needed. That money was known as (capital).3. One advantage of corporation over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has (limited liability), so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets.4. The best-known stock exchange is (the New York Stock Exchange) located in (the Wall Street) area of New York City.6. The Constitution of The United States bars all kinds of internal (tariffs), so manufacturers do not have to worry about (tariff barriers) when shipping goods from one part of the country to another.Ⅳ5. Service industriesService industries are industries that sell a service rather than make a product. Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants. As more and more people are employed in service industries in the US, it is sometimes said that the US has moved into a "post-industrial era”.U8 Education in the United StatesⅠ3. American university students have always liked to get degrees that are aimed at preparing them specifically for certain professions. (F)4. One of the things that decides whether an applicant can be accepted by a college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. (T)5. According to the author, larger universities are always better, and more desirable universities are always more expensive. (F)6. It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. (T)7. Segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954. (T)Ⅱ1. Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students? (B. Politics and business education)2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by (D. boards of education)3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?(C. Elementary school, secondary school)4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education? (B. Research institutions)5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception? (C. large universities offer scholarships all students)7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that (B. they pass the college entrance examinations)8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. (B. the State University of New York)9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except (A. investment)10. To get a bachelor’s degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except (C. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy)Ⅲ1. About 90% of American students go to (public) schools and 10% attend (private) schools.3. The foal of education in the United States is to achieve universal (literacy) and provide individuals with knowledge and skill necessary to promote the welfare for individuals and the general public.4. Every state in America has its own laws about (education) and all states require young people to go to school. Thus, every child in America is guaranteed up to (13) years of education.5. Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income: (student tuition) endowments and (government funding).6. After earning a certain number of credits (about 120) in four years of college, the undergraduate student gets a (bachelor＇s) degree. The other two higher degrees are master＇s degree and (doctor＇s degree)Ⅳ2. Boards of educationBoards of education refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state and/or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the overall measurement of student progress.U10 Social Problems in the United StatesⅠ2. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States now is the blacks, or Afro-Americans, who account for 11.7% of the population. (F)4. The problem of poverty does not exist in the United States because the overall distribution of wealth and income is equal. (F)5. Drug abuse in the United States has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation. (T)8. Corruption in the United States takes the form of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, and tax evasion. (T)9. Statistics usually overlook white-collar crimes because they are affected by police reporting practices and that many crimes are unreported. (T)Ⅱ3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? (A. The aggressive nature of these groups)4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?(D. Robbery)6. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse? (C. Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment)7. If white-collar crimes were Included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPT (D. living near city centers)Ⅲ3. Former President (Nixon) said that crime is America's "number one enemy.”4. American slavery was finally abolished by (the Civil War), Lincoln's emancipation of slaves in 1863 and (the 13th Amendment to the Constitution) in 1865.6. Drug abuse in the US is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs, or (dysfunctions).8. To further their interests, large corporations in the US usually have professional (lobbyists) in Washington D.C.to influence public officials behind the scenes.9. According to the text, those arrested for crimes in the United States are very likely to be male, young, a member of a (racial minority) and a (city resident).IV1. The black "underclass”The majority of the blacks today have failed to share in the general gains of progress made in the past decades. The urban ghettos now contain a permanently impoverished "underclass” of habitually unemployed or underemployed black people. Many of them are young and unskilled. They live in cities where the unemployment rate for teenage black workers runs as high as 50%or about 8 times the rate for the American work force as a whole. This "underclass" could continue to persist, even in the absence of racial discrimination, in much the same way as other pockets of poverty persist-that is, for reasons of social-class inequality. Living in an environment of poverty, decay, crime, drug addiction, joblessness, and hopelessness, this ghetto underclass offers an explosive potential for the future.5. White-collar crimesWhite-collar crimes are those committed by higher income groups such as the crimes of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, industrial pollution, tax evasion and so on. Yet the statistics provided by the FBI tend to overlook white-collar crimes. In fact, white-collar crimes are often ignored by law enforcement agencies. Some sociologists argue that the higher classes may actually have a higher rate of crime than the lower classes.U17 The Country and its PeopleⅠ1.Canada is the largest country in North American continent. (T)2. Canada is rated regularly as having the highest standard of living in the because it has rich natural resources. (F)2.The majority of the Canadian population live in an area not far away fromthe Canadian-US border. (T)4. French is an official language in Quebec and maritime provinces. (F)6. Toronto is the biggest city and the capital of Canada. (F)II1. Which of the following statements about Canada true? (C. Contrast to its physical size, Canada has a small population)7. Who first came and settled Canada? (B. French colonists)III1. Canada consists of (10) provinces and (3) territories. But mostCanadians live in the south of the country, along the 49th parallel.3. Canada's motto is that the country stretches “from sea to sea", with the (Pacific) Ocean on the west coast and the (Atlantic) on Ocean on the east coast.4. Canada and the United States have good relations, and they share the longest (undefended national border) in the world.7. The capital of Canada is (Ottawa) and the second largest city is (Montreal).IV1. The Canadian identityIt is sometimes very hard to define what true Canadian identity is. But in general, it refers to something which is distinctively Canadian, which is different from other countries, and which is the very reason for making Canada so special. For example, two official languages of English and French can be considered as part of the Canadian identity.U19 The Canadian MosaicⅠ1. Officially, Canada refers to itself as a multicultural society within a bilingual framework. (T)Ⅱ1. What is the other official language besides English in Canada? (C. French)2. In the late 19th century, Chinese labourers came to Canada to (B. build the railroad)5. In Vancouver schools, it is estimated that more than half of the students speak (D. Cantonese)Ⅲ1. Many people use the notion that American society is a (melting pot) while Canada is described as a (mosaic)2. Multiculturalism has caused something of a problem in that Canadians often feel they lack a (“notional identity”)Ⅳ1. The Canadian MosaicWhen Canada is described as a mosaic, it means that the immigrant groups do not have to throw off their old customs, languages and traditions. There is no particular concept of an overarching Canadian identity. This resembles a mosaic of different cultures which overlap but do not overwhelm each other.。
英语国家社会与文化复习
Executive Branch
• The power of the executive branch is vested in the President. • As the chief executive officer of the nation, the President’s duty is to “preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States” and to faithfully execute laws passed by Congress. • The President is assisted by a Cabinet in the execution of his duty. The Cabinet includes the Vice President and the heads of executive departments.
Reasons for European Immigration
• Most European emigrants left their homelands to escape political oppression, to seek the freedom to practice their religion, or for adventure and opportunities. • Between 1620 and 1635, economic difficulties swept England. Colonial expansion became an outlet for this displaced population. • In the 1630s, arbitrary rule by England's Charles I gave impetus to the migration to the New World. • In contrast to the colonization policies of other countries and other periods, the emigration from England was not directly sponsored by the government but by private groups of individuals whose chief motive was profit.
英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料
英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料III. Acronyms1. GCSE: General Certificate of Secondary Education（普通中等教育证书）2. the BBC: the British Broadcasting Corporation（英国广播公司）3. WASP: White Anglo-Saxon Protestant（盎格鲁-撒克逊白人新教）4. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation（北大西洋公约组织）V. Term Differentiating1. The Anglo-Saxons: They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settleddown in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.2. Class System(U.K.): The class system does exist in British society. Most of theBritish population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class, though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class. Class divisions are not simply economic, they are cultural as well. People of different classes may differ in the kind of newspapers they read, in the way they speak and in the kind of education they receive. One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.3. Grammar Schools: It is a type of secondary schools in Britain. Grammar schoolsselect children at the age of 11, through an examination calle d “the 11-plus”.Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities.4. The Commonwealth: The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of stateswhich is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. There are 54 members of the Commonwealth including one currently suspended member: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.5. Tabloids: A tabloid is a small format newspaper with colour photos and catchyheadlines. Tabloids are interested in scandals and gossip usually about famous people. They also carry lots of crime, sports and sentional human interest stories so as to attract readers. Stories are short, easy to read often rely more on opinions than fact. They belong to a category of national papers different from quality papers.6. Puritanism: Puritans were those who followed the doctrinee of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. They believe that human beings were predestined by God before t hey were born. Some were God’s chosen people while others were damned to hell. No church nor good works could save people. The sign of being God’s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God’swill and establish a direct contact with God. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.7. Bill of Rights(Amendments): The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.8. The Three Faiths: By the 1950s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed. Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish. In terms of numbers, the Protestants are the strongest, the Catholics are next to the Protestants and Jewish are the smallest among the three groups.VI. Q&A(references)1. The influence of the foreign invasions of Britain on the development of theEnglish language:A: (1)During the 5th Century AD three Germanic tribes (Saxons, Angles, and Jutes) came to the British Isles from various parts of northwest Germany aswell as Denmark. Through the years, the Saxons, Angles and Jutes mixedtheir different Germanic dialects. This group of dialects forms whatlinguists refer to as Old English or Anglo-Saxon.(2)The arrival of St. Augustine in 597 and the introduction of Christianityinto Saxon England brought more Latin words into the English language.(3)Around 878 AD Danes and Norsemen, also called Vikings,invaded thecountry and English got many Norse words into the language, particularly in the north of England. The Vikings, being Scandinavian, spoke a language (Old Norse) which, in origin at least, was just as Germanic as Old English.(4)After William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, invaded andconquered England in 1066 AD with his armies and became king, the Old French took over as the language of the court, administration, and culture.Latin was mostly used for written language, especially that of the Church.2. The influence of the Protestant Reformation on the formation of the UnitedStates(refer to your textbook on pages 37-38)。
英语国家社会与文化入门要点复习-副本
英语国家社会与文化入门要点复习-副本the UKThe full and short name, constituent parts of the UKThe full name of the United kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The island of Great Britain is made up of England,Scotland and Wales.What is the political system in the UK?Text A POLITICAL SYSTEM IN THE UKThe Structure of British GovernmentWhat is the role of Monarch in the UK?The head of state and theoretical source of executive, judicial and legislative power in the UK is the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. However, sovereignty in the UK no longer rests with the monarch, whose role is largely a symbolic one.The queen presides over the State Opening of Parliament.The queen has to give the Royal Assent of agreement to any new law that is passed by parliament.She is kept in touch with the government by a weekly meeting with the Prime Minister in Buckingham Palace.或P40书本She is legally head of the executive,an integral part of the legislature ,head of the judiciary,commander in chief of the armed forces and “supreme governor” of the Church of England. The Bill of Rights of 1689In 1688,King James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne,on condition that they would respect the rights of parliament.The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.What are the main functions of Parliament in the UK?The functions of Parliament are :to pass laws,to vote for taxation,to scrutinise(审查) government policy,administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.What are the three parts of the UK Parliament?The Queen: the House of Lords ;the House of CommonsThe three major political parties of the UKThe Labour party；the Conservative party; the Liberal Democrats. What is the class system in British society?The class system does exist in British society.Most of the British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class,though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class. Class divisions are not simply economic ,they are cultural as well.People of different classes may differ in the kind of newspapers they read,in the way they speak and in the kind ofeducation they receive.One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.Relative decli ne of the UK’s economy?The UK has experienced an economic decline since 1945.But this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one. Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945 , but since other countries developed more rapidly,it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the sixth.The three main areas of UK economy1.Primary industries ,such as agriculture,fishing,mining.2.Secondary industries, such as car, pharmaceutical.3.Service industries, such as banking, insurance.Categories of schools;Comprehensive schools；grammar schools;public schools Important exams for pupils;GCSE:General Certificate of Secondary Education中学毕业证书GCE-A:General Certificate of Education-Advanced高级水平测试结业证书GNVQs:General National V ocational Qualifications国家专业资格证书Academic degrees offered by higher education in the UK BA:Bachelor of Arts文学士BSc:Bachelor of Science理学士MA:Master of Arts文科硕士MSc:Master of Science理科硕士PhD：Doctor of Philosophy 哲学博士main newspapers in the UK;the Observer ;the Times;the Guardian; the Telegraph;the Financial Times; Tabloids.BBCThe full name is the British Broadcasting Corporation .It was founded in 1927as a public service radio station and later movedinto television. It has been Britain’s main public service broadcaster .For a long time the BBC had mainly two channels.BBC One specializes in shows with a broad appeal while BBC Two aims at arange of subject matter and interests ,specialising in intelligent yet popular programme genres .The BBC also provides the World Service which broadcasts in English and43 other languages throughout the world.Important national holidays and religious holidays1.Religious holidays:Christmas ;Easter;Boxing day2.Nationalholidays:BonfireNight;Hogmanay;Holloween; Eisteddfod.Three traditions of Christmas in BritainOne is the Christmas Pantomime.Two is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio.Three is Boxing Day.the USThe four early English settlements in America1：The first English permanent settlemnet was founded in 1607 in V irginia.2: The second enduring English settlement was established in Massachusetts Bay in 1620.3: In 1623, Lord Baltimore was granted a charter from the king and was allowed to set up a colony in today’s Maryland.4: The fourth colonial pattern in North America was set by William Penn.What are the influence of Puritanism on American society and culture?Their legacies are still felt in American society and culture.For example ,the Puritans hoped to build “a city upon hill”—anideal community .The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Amricans.The American values such as individualism,hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.the Declaration of IndependenceDrafted by Thomas Jefferson,adopted by the Congress on July 4 ,1776.The document declared that all men are equal and that have some unalienable rights.It explained the philosophy of government.The theory of politics and principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Lockethe three founding fathers of the American RepublicGeorge W ashington ; Thomas Jefferson; Benjamin Franklin Bill of rightsAmericans are guranteed freedom of religion ,of speech and of the press.And guarantee Americans the right to a sppedy trial if accuse of a crime.political system of the US–The Constitution–In 1787 delegates from the states met in Philadelphia to revise the Articles, but they did more than that. They wrote the Constitution , which was finally adopted by the thirteen states by 1790. The Constitution isstill in force. It sets the basic form of government of three separate branches, each one having powers (’checks and balances’) over the other: the executive branch (the President); the legislative branch (the Congress); the judicial branch (the Supreme Court)–The Structure of American Government––two major political partiesDemocratic Party ; Republican PartyFour developments in Industrial Revolution in America1. One key development was the introduction of the factory system.2. A second development was the “American system”of mass production which originated in the firearms industry about 1800.3. A third development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks.4. A fourth development was the emergency of new forms of business organization, notably the bank and the corporation.main crops produced in the USmaize; beans ; squash; wheat; corn ; soybeans.What is “agribusiness”?In short, agribusiness is the business of farming. However, “agribusiness” is a loaded term, especially among critics of corporate farming. For people who view large-scale commercial farming negatively, agribusiness is the antithesis of traditional small-scale family farms. For people involved in agribusiness, of course, the word is simply a convenient shorthand for saying that one is in the business of agriculture.Agribusiness includes the production, processing, and supply of agricultural goods which range from lettuce to corn syrup. Companies may focus on things like cut flowers, fresh vegetables, or byproducts of farming such as fuels derived from farm waste. Agribusiness also encompasses farming equipment, machinery, chemicals, suppliers, and personnel. Several large companies control the bulk of the share of business, especially in the United States; this has been a cause for criticism amongpeople who are concerned about monopolies and price fixing.。
英语国家社会与文化复习
术语翻译维多利亚女王Queen Victoria 伊丽莎白女王 Queen Elizabeth 迪斯尼乐园 Disneyland 天佑女王 God Save the Queen 君主立宪制 constitutional monarchy 星条旗 The Star-Spangled Banner 英国上议院 House of lords 英国下议院 House of commons 美国参议院 US House of Representatives 美国众议院 US Senate 嘉德勋章 The Most Noble Order of the Garter印度之星勋章 The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India执政党 Ruling party 反对党 Opposition Party影子内阁 Shadow Cabinet 国务卿 Secretary of State唐宁街 Downing Street 唐人街 Chinatown圣帕特里克 St. Patrick's Day 圣乔治 St George’s Day沙夫茨伯里大街 Shaftesbury avenue 圣安德鲁St Andrews自由女神 Statue of Liberty英国首相 Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service西敏寺 Westminster Abbey 圣米迦勒 Michaelis天主教 Catholic Church 东正教 Orthodox Church清教 Puritan 新教 Protestantism杜莎夫人蜡像馆 Madame Tussaud's 圣公会 Anglican Church华尔街 Wall Street 百老汇 Broadway帝国大街 Britannia Street帝国大厦 The Empire state building2 伦敦电影节:London Film FestivalABC：American Broadcasting Company （美国广播公司）VOA：Voice of America（美国之音）CNN：Cable News Network（美国有线电视新闻网）英国首相：David William Donald Cameron（戴维·卡梅伦）副首相：Nick Clegg（尼克・克莱格）美国总统：贝拉克·奥巴马（Barack Obama）美国副总统：约瑟夫·拜登（Joseph Robinette）澳大利亚英国女王伊丽莎白二世（Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II）总理：托尼·阿博特（Tony Abbott）加拿大：英国女王伊丽莎白二世（Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II）加拿大总理：史蒂芬·哈珀（Stephen Harper）英国外交大臣：威廉·黑格（William Hague）美国外交部长及国务卿：约翰·福布斯·克里（John Forbes Kerry）澳大利亚外交部长:Julie Bishop (朱莉·毕晓普)加拿大现任外交官：罗伯特·道格拉斯·尼克尔森（Robert Douglas Nicholson）英美单词拼写差异：1,英语单词中不发音的词尾-me,-ue在美语拼写中被删除.英语拼法美语拼法公斤kilogramme——kilogram 方案programme——program目录catalogue——catalog 对话dialogue——dialog序言prologue——prolog 独白monologue——monolog类似的analogue——analog2,英语中的以-our结尾的单词,在美语中删去了不发音的字母u.英语拼法美语拼法举止、行为behaviour——behavior 颜色colour——color特别喜爱的favourite——favorite 风味flavour——flavor荣誉honour——onor 劳动labour——labor幽默humour——humor3,英语中以-re结尾,读音为/e/的单词,在美语中改为-er结尾,读音不变.英语拼法美语拼法中心centre——center 纤维fibre——fiber公尺metre——meter 剧场theatre——theater升litre——liter4,英语中某些以-ence为结尾的单词,在美语中改为-ense结尾,读音仍为/ns/.英语拼法美语拼法防御defence——defense 犯法行为offence——offense执照licence——license 托词pretence——pretense5英语中一些以－ise为结尾的单词，在美语中改为－ize结尾，读音仍这/z/.英语拼法美语拼法组织organise——organize, actualise——actualize实现realise——realize 创作improvise ——improvize专攻Specialise——specialize 现代化modernise——modern ize受欢迎 Popularise——popularize6一些以l结尾的单词变形时，美式不双写l;英式双写l旅游travelling——traveling 吵架quarrelling——quarreling英国大学四种种类：1、Ancient university Red brick university2、New university3、Modern university4、Open university英国中学的四种种类：私立学校（independent school）普通中学（comprehensive school）文法学校（grammar school）学院制中学（academy）三位一体教义：the union of three persons (Father, Son, and Holy Ghost) in one Godhead, or the threefold personality of the one Divine Being.星座：白羊座----Aries 金牛座----- Taurus 双子座----- Gemini 巨蟹座----Cancer 狮子座---- Leo 处女座----Virgo 天秤座-----Libra 天蝎座----Scorpio 射手座---- Sagittarius 山羊座---- Capricorn 水瓶座----- Aquarius双鱼座------Pisces生肖：1. Rat 鼠2. Ox 牛3. Tiger 虎4.Rabbit 兔5.Dragon 龙6.Serpent 蛇7.Horse 马8.Goat 羊9.Monkey 猴10.Rooster 鸡11.Dog 狗12. Swine 猪希腊罗马诸神：宙斯(Zeus) 天神赫拉(Hera) 天后雅典娜(Athena) 智慧女神，女战神阿波罗(Apollo) 太阳神潘(Pan) 山林之神维纳斯(Venus）萨坦Saturn 丘比特(Cupid)美国两大新闻社：美国联合通讯社The Associated Press (AP)合众国际社United Press-International(UPI)两大财团：摩根财团(Morgan Financial Group)第一花旗银行财团First Nation city bank Financial Group两大航空公司：美国航空(American Airlines)美国联合航空公司（United Airlines）1.贵族头衔公爵：duke 候爵：Marquis 伯爵：earl 子爵：viscount 男爵：baron 2.祝酒词Bottoms up 干杯！Prosit 祝妳健康！祝妳成功！Bon appetite 喫好！Sainte 干杯！Down the hatch! 干杯！3.英语期刊种类Sorts of periodicals 各种各样的期刊Commercial periodicals 商业期刊Catchall periodicals 包罗万象的期刊Technical periodicals 科技期刊Special periodicals 专业期刊Entertaining periodicals 娱乐性期刊4.莎士比亚作品Hamlet 哈姆雷特Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶As You Like It 皆大欢喜Much Ado about Nothing无事生非The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记5.狄更斯作品《荒凉山庄》Bleak House 《艰难时世》Hard Times《小杜丽》 Little Dorrit 《美国纪行》American Notes《圣诞颂歌》A Christmas Carol6.海明威作品《老人与海》The Old Man and the Sea 《岛在湾流中》Islands in the Stream《伊甸园》The Garden of Eden 《曙光示真》True At First Light《在我们的时代里》In Our Time7.英国酒吧的种类Public bar or pub 大众酒吧Saloon bar 雅座酒吧private bar 私人酒吧lounge bar 高級酒吧Beer garden 啤酒花園8.剧院的种类（3种）1 .State--owned theatres :Opera House National Theatre2. Commercial theatres :Theatre Piccadilly TheatreTheatre3．Experimental theatres4.2英国美国电影分级：美国G级：General Audiences: All ages admittedPG级(Parental Guidance Suggested: Some material may not be suitable for children.R级 Restricted: Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian 英国U级 General Audiences: All ages admittedPG"级 Parental GuidanceUC级 Especially suitable for children to watch12级 Suitable for more than 12 years old or adult15级 Suitable for more than 15 years old or adult18级 Suitable for more than 18 years old or adult4.3 七宗罪：傲慢（Pride），嫉妒（Envy），暴怒（Wrath），懒惰（Sloth），贪婪（Greed），饕餮（Gluttony），以及贪欲（Lust）Pride is the feeling that they have that they are better or more important than other people.Envy is the feeling you have when you wish you could have the same thing or quality that someone else has.Wrath is strong fierce anger especially based on the desire to punish sb for harm done to oneself.Sloth is laziness, especially with regard to work.Greed is the desire to have more of something, such as food or money, than is necessary or fair.Gluttony is the act or habit of eating too much and being greedy.Lust is a feeling of strong sexual desire for someone.4.4．美国主要政党1. Republican Party（共和党）Alexander HamiltonSecretary of the TreasuryFederalistsFederal PartyThe WhigsGrand Old Party2. Democratic Party （民主党）Thomas JeffersonSecretary of StateAnti--FederalistDemocratic –Republican Party4.5--英国的桂冠诗人：本·琼森（Ben Jonson）1619—1637威廉·达韦南特（Sir William D'Avenant）1638—？约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）1668—1689托马斯·沙德韦尔（Thomas Shadwell）1689—1692内厄姆·泰特（Nahum Tate）1692—1715尼古拉斯·罗（Nicholas Rowe）1715—1718劳伦斯·尤斯登（Laurence Eusden ）1718—1730科利·西伯（Colley Cibber）1730—1757威廉·怀特黑德（William Whitehead ）1757—1785托马斯·沃顿，(Thomas Warton) 1785—1790亨利·詹姆斯·派伊（Henry James Pye）1790—1813罗伯特·骚塞，(Robert Southey) 1813—1843威廉·华兹华斯，(William Wordsworth) 1843—1850阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生，(Alfred Tennyson) 1850—1892 (丁尼生死后，4年没有选定桂冠诗人)阿尔弗雷德·奥斯丁（Alfred Austin）1896—1913罗伯特·布里吉斯（Robert Bridges ）1913—1930约翰·梅斯菲尔德（John Masefield）1930—1967塞西尔·戴·刘易斯（Cecil Day Lewis）1968—1972约翰·贝杰曼（John Betjeman）1972—1984泰德·休斯（Ted Hughes）1984—1998安德鲁·姆辛（Andrew Motion）1999—2009卡罗尔·安·达菲（Carol Ann Duffy）2009年5月被任命为桂冠诗人，任期为十年。
英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料
英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料Test paper 11. Tick the correct answer in each of the following:1. Which is the largest city in Scotland?A. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester2. Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the ninth century?A. They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.B. They felt it necessary to develop their own industry.C. They were threatened by the Anglo-Saxons' invasion.D. They had to do it in order to resist the English.3. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?A. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland4. Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organized a partition of Ireland, becauseA. the British government wouldn't be able to control Ireland any longer by force.B. the British government intended to satisfy both sides ----- Catholics as well as Protestants.C. Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland.D. Protestants welcomed the idea of partition.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Sinn Fein is the legal political Party in Northern Ireland.B. Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called Unionists.C. Social Democratic and Labor Party is a very important political Party in Britain.D. Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists.6. In the early 1970s, the IRAA. killed many Protestants and Catholics.B. burned down the houses of Catholics.C. murdered individuals at random.D. carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main target.7. Which of the following is NOT true about the Great Council?A. They included barons and representatives from countries and towns.B. They were sometimes summoned by the kings to contribute money.C. They later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet.D. They represented the aristocrats as well as the communities.8. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A. James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I9. Which of the following is NOT true about the Constitution?A. It is a document which lists out the basic principles for government.B. It is the foundation of British government today.C. Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.D. The common laws are part of the Constitution.10. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win the election?A. 651B. 326C. 626D. 35111. Which of the following party adopts a "fatherly" sense of obligation to the poorer people in the society?A. the Conservative partyB. the Liberal DemocratsC. the Party of WalesD. the Labor party12. Which of the following description about the Conservative party is NOT true?A. It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B. It prefers policies that protect individual's rights.C. It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.D. It is known as a party of high taxation levels.13. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?A. in the southeast of EnglandB. in the northeast of EnglandC. in the southeast of ScotlandD. in the northeast of Scotland14. Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector?A. ShellB. ICIC. RTZD. British Gas15. Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK?A. FordB. PeugeotC. RoverD. BMW16. Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism?A. KeatsB. ShelleyC. WordsworthD.E. M. Foster17. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Dr. FaustusB. HamletC. FrankensteinD. Sense and Sensibility18. Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist?A. D. H. LawrenceB. Charles DickensC. Robert L. StevensonD. Walter Scott19. Where is the international tennis championships held?A. WembleyB. WimbledonC. St AndrewsD. Clapham20. Which of the following was the first team sport to have organized rules?A. footballB. cricketC. horse racingD. tennis21. Which of the following is NOT true about cricket in Britain?A. It is now still a snobbish game played by aristocratic people.B. Its rules are rather obscure.C. The matches last for a few days.D. The players appear to be quite formally dressed.22. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen's birthday?A. bonfiresB. the Orange MarchC. Trooping the ColorD. masquerades23. Which of the following is true about the Guy Fawkes Night?A. It is celebrated by Scottish people in November.B. It is celebrated by English people in November.C. It is celebrated by Scottish people in August.D. It is celebrated by English people in August.24. Which of the following is true about the Gunpowder Plot?A. It was planned to kill the Protestant king and replace him with a Catholic king.B. It was planned to kill the Catholic king and replace him with a Protestant king.C. It was planned to kill King Billy and replace him with King James II.D. It was planned to kill King James II and replace him with King Billy.25. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?A. The University of Cambridge.B. The University of Oxford.C. The University of Edinburgh.D. The University of Buckingham.26. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich.B. Parents send their children to public schools because their children can get better jobs when they leave school.C. Parents send their children to public schools because can have a better chance of getting into a good university.D. Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools. 27. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University?A. It's open to everybody.B. It requires no formal educational qualifications.C. No university degree is awarded.D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc.28. Which of the following about the terraced houses is NOT true?A. They are most common in suburban areas.B. They are usually two-storey houses joined at each side.C. They often have a small concrete yard at the back.D. They were originally built for factory workers.29. Which of the following about the "semis" is true?A. They usually have gardens at all side.B. They normally stand together in pairs.C. They are usually located in fashionable areas in the city.D. They are considered as the most desirable home by British people.30. Which of the following about class system in the UK is NOT true?A. People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspaper.B. Class-division is only decided by people's income.C. Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person's life-chances.D. The way people speak identifies themselves to particular class.31. The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by the following factors exceptA. its imperial history.B. its geopolitical traits.C. its special relationship with the United States.D. its schizophrenic attitude to Europe.32. Which of the following is NOT involved in making the British foreign policy?A. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office.C. The Prime Minister and Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.33. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation inA. the Commonwealth.B. the Europ0ean Economic Community.C. the United Nation, the European Union, NATO, etc.D. a European federal government.34. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy becauseA. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.B. it informs people about current affairs in the world.C. it provides people with subjective reports.D. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament.35. In Britain most advertising is carriedA. in newspapers.B. on televisionC. in maganes.D. on radio.36. Which of the following about the BBC is NOT true?A. There is no advertising on any of the BBC programs.B. The BBC is funded by license fees paid by people who possess television receiving sets.C. The BBC has four television channels.D. The BBC provides the World Service throughout the world.37. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ____A. challenging the authority of the Pope.B. salvation through faith.C. salvation through the church.D. establishing a direct contact with God.38. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. separation of state and church.B. respect of education.C. intolerant moralismD. a sense of mission.39. Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed because __________A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.40. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written,A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.B. there was no Bill of Rights.C. the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens.D. a "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution 4 years after the Constitution was made.41. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. The executive.B. The legislative.C. The Judicial.D. The president.42. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?A. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.C. The president can make laws.D. The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.43. The United States was rated No. 1 in terms of production capacity in the world ____.A. in 1920B. in 1950C. in 1945D. in 196044. Service industry does not include _______.A. bankingB. management consultationC. airlineD. steelmaking45. The United States was rated___ in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth46. Which of the following is true?A. Many Catholics are not opposed to abortion.B. Many evangelical Protestants do not object to abortion.C. Orthodox Jews are for abortion.D. Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women.47. Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy?A. The Catholic Church.B. The Protestant Episcopal Church.C. The United Methodist Church.D. Jewish Congregations.48. The following are distinctively American features of religion except _____A. Various religious groups have coexisted in the U. S. more harmoniously than Europe.B. Scientific and economic advance and material prosperity have not been accompanied by a decline in religious faith.C. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religion argument in the U. S.D. There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the U. S.49. Whitman's poetry has the following characteristics except ___.A. fragmented haunting imagesB. long irregular linesC. celebrating the American spiritD. free-flowing structure50. Mark Twain's works are characterized by the following except ___.A. sense of humorB. egotismC. jokesD. tall tales51. Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickenson's poems. Which one is not?A. Her poems mix gaiety and gloom.B. Her verses are filled with the names of faraway, exotic places.C. Her poems are very long and powerful.D. Her poems show that she was fascinated by both life and death.52. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?A. Universities and collegesB. Research institutionsC. Technical institutionsD. Undergraduate institutions53. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?A. Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research.B. Large universities provide students with "mainframe" computers.C. Large universities offer scholarships to all students.D. Large universities attract students with modern laboratories.54. Nearly all students want to get into more desirable institutions because ____.A. they find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of themB. they enjoy the high prestige of these institutionsC. they like the teachers and surroundings in these institutionsD. they prefer to have the Scholastic Aptitude Tests55. In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added ________ to educate people about the war in Vietnam.A. teach-inB. rock 'n' roll musicC. class boycottD. "march against fear"56. According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and the people to fight against Southern segregation. Which is the exception?A. the Student Nonviolent Coordinating CommitteeB. the Congress of Racial EqualityC. the Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceD. the Student for a Democratic Society57. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when _____ delivered his "I have a Dream" speech.A. John F. KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Martin Luther King, Jr.D. Mario Savio58. Three of the following factors contribute to the higher arrest rates among minority groups. Which is the exception?A. The aggressive nature of these groups.B. Racial prejudice against them.C. Low social status of these groups.D. Poverty and unemployment among minority groups.59. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?A. briberyB. tax evasionC. false advertisingD. robbery60. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Northern states had outlawed slavery by 1830.B. Slavery was finally abolished in the South in 1865.C. The Northern states did not have racial discrimination.D. Segregation laws continued to be enforced in Southern states until the 1950s.61. ____ had the title "the Wizard of Menlo Park".A. Thomas A EdisonB. John StevensC. Charlie ChaplinD. Robert Fulton62. ____contributed to the development of the American system of manufacture in the twentieth century.A. James K MaxwellB. Cyrus H McCormickC. Lee De ForestD. Henry Ford63. When was voice and music first transmitted over the radio?A. 1901B. end of 19th centuryC. New Year's Eve 1905D. Christmas Eve 190564. One of the oldest towns (landed in 1513) in the US is ____.A. New YorkB. BostonC. PhiladelphiaD. St Augustine65. The Granite State in the US is _____.A. New HampshireB. New York StateC. PennsylvaniaD. Florida66. ______ was twice the site of Winter Olympics.A. Schroon LakeB. Lake PlacidC. AtlantaD. Washington, D. C.67. In playing basketball, when the player bounces the ball on the floor as he moves around the court, this is called ___.A. passB. walkC. stealD. dribble68. In playing basketball, misbehavior or unsportsmanlike actions may result in ____.A. time outB. overtimeC. technical foulD. foul69. Which of the following is not a team game?A. volleyballB. bowlingC. soccerD. field hockey70. The complex drumming in the rhythm section of early jazz music was brought over to America by ___.A. Spanish missionaries from Europe.B. Black slaves from West AfricaC. British colonists from Asia.D. the Creole from the West India71. Blues was derived from a blend of field chantey and spiritual which is ____.A. a form of rock' n' roll singing popular among American teenagersB. a form of operatic singing originated from Southern European countriesC. a form of country music singingD. a form of hymn singing prevalent in African-American Christian churches72. Recording groups such as the Hot Five and the Hot Seven organized by Louis Armstrong made a series of recordings which represent ____.A. the origin of the Chicago style jazzB. the influence of New Orleans style jazzC. the beginning of the New York style jazzD. the impact of ragtime musicII. Fill in the blanks:1.The full name of the United Kingdom is __________________________________________.2. The island of Great Britain is made up of ________________, ___________and__________.3. The United Kingdom has been a member of ______________________________since 1973.4. Britain is now a _____________society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of ___________________ethnicity.5. London plays a significant role in ________________economic and cultural life. It's not only the financial ________of the nation, but also one of ___________major international financial centers in ________________.6. Britain consists of _____nations, including England, ________, ______and ______________.7. Britain is a country with a history of invasions. In 43 AD Britain was invaded by __________, in the late 8th century they experienced _________raids from Scandinavia and in the 11th century they suffered invasions from _____________.8. The Anglo-Saxon began to settle in Britain in _________century.9. The capital of Britain is ________, which has great influence on the UK in all fields including _____________, ____________ and _____________.10. Charles the First, king of Britain, was executed, because he attempted to ______________ in the English Revolution.11. Name two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally respected universities: __________________ and _______________.12. The battle of Bannockburn led by Robert the Bruce succeeded in winning the full independence of ______________.13. Both the Scottish and Welsh people elect their members of parliaments to the London Parliament and each holds ____________and ___________ seats respectively.14. The capital of Scotland is ____________, which is well-known for its natural ___________.15. Although Wales is the smallest of the three nations on the __________ mainland, it's good at getting _________ from abroad, particularly Japan and __________________.16. To pursue Irish independence, the most spectacular event in the Irish history was _________ of 1916, in which the rebels occupied Dublin's _______________ and forced the British to take it back by ____________.17. ____________, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.18.The UK is divided into ______constituencies with each of them represented by a member in _________________.19. The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors: ____________industries, secondary industries and _____________industries.20. One of the oldest of the early "old English" literary works is called ____________________.21. ___________is a rough, fast game which was invented in Britain while ___________is a more gentle sport which owes its origin to the Church.22. Christmas commemorates ________________________, while ___________commemorates the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ.23. The two oldest universities in Britain are __________________ and ___________________.24. Like the housing system in the US and the wealthy English-speaking commonwealth, the UK has a very high proportion of _________________, which means that the people own the house they live in.25. When the Second World War was over, Britain was active in ____________the United Nations and became one of the _____permanent members of __________________________.26. Britain has one of the world's oldest established ____________industries. The Observer, which appeared in 1791, is the world's oldest ___________newspaper, while The Times, which began publishing in 1785, is Britain's oldest ______________newspaper.27. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question "what is an American" in his book _______________________.28. After the War of Independence was won, the national government was called ___________, and the agreement that guided the government was _________________________________.29. The first Secretary of Treasury of the United States was ____________________________.30. "WASP" stands for ____________________________________________________.31. _______________________ and _______________________are the two major American writers of the post-Revolutionary period.32. About ______percent of American students go to __________schools and _________percent attend private schools.33. On February 1, 1960, 4 black students from a black college in __________________, North Carolina, began their protest against the racial segregation laws by such tactics as _________, thus beginning the civil rights movement.34. American society is a stratified one in which _____________, _____________ and _______ are unequally distributed among the population.35. The invention of the __________________by ____________________ made it possible to obtain higher profits from agriculture. US agriculture was moving away from subsistence farming towards a food marketing enterprise.36. The Grand Canyon is carved away for nearly 6 million years by the waters of the _________ River.37. The two conferences for American football are AFC, which stands for __________________ and NFC, which stands for ________________________.38. Jazz music, as a musical form, was initially performed and appreciated by ______________.Keys to test paper 11.C2.A3.B4.B5.C6.D7.C8.B9.A 10.B11.A 12.D. 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.B 20.B21.A 22.C 23.B 24.A 25.D 26.D 27.C 28.A 29.B 30.B31.D 32.A 33.C 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.A 39.D 40.A 41.B 42.C43.C 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.D 49.A 50.B 51.C 52.B53.C 54.A 55.A 56.D 57.C 58.A 59.D 60.C 61.A 62.D63.D 64.D 65.A 66.B 67.D 68.C 69.B 70.B 71.D 72.AII. Fill in the blanks:1. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. England; Scotland; Wales3. European Union4. multiracial; non-European5. Britain's; center; the three; the world6. four; Scotland; Wales; Northern Ireland7. the Roman empire; Vikings; the Normans8. the 5th9. London; government; economy; culture10. overrule the parliament 11. Glasgow; Edinburgh12. Scotland 13. 72; 3814. Edinburgh; beauty 15. British; investment; America16. the Easter Rising; Post Office; military means17. King Egbert 18. 651; the parliament19. primary; tertiary/service 20. Beowulf21. Football; tennis 22. the birth of Jesus Christ; Easter23. Oxford; Cambridge 24. owner-occupation25. setting up; the five; the UN Security Council 26. newspaper; national; daily27. Letters from an American Farmer28. the Congress; the Articles of Confederation29. Alexander Hamilton30. White Anglo-Saxon Protestant31. Washington Irving; James Fenimore Cooper32. 85; public; 1533. Greensboro; sit-ins34. power; wealth; prestige35. the mechanical reaper; Cyrus H McCormick36. Colorado37. American Football Conference; National Football Conference38. African-Americans。
英语国家社会与文化简介复习笔记
概况Each Country1. History(UK 见ppt)2. Political Structure:◆UK:◆Australia:◆NZ:3. Unique Holidays(具体见下)4. Population：UK：62 millionAustralia: (2007)21.1 millionNew Zealand: (2007)4.24 million5. Map: Key cities, bodies of waterUK1.Type of population: 90% urban, 10% rural. Total: 62 million2.Time of Viking invasion: 8th to 9th century／793AD.3.Normans: 10664.King Arthur: ①Roman Britain(Britannai) before 1066.King Arthur is rumored to be around this time.②A legendary king of the Britons③He is said to have led the Knights of the Round Table at Camelot5.Population and size of 4 UK countriesEngland: 84% of the UK populationScotland: 5.1 million, lowest population density in the UKWales: 3 million, smallest nationNorthern Ireland: 1.7 million6.Anglo-Saxons：·Much unrest until 7th century.·Heptarchy: Seven kingdoms of the 7th century (but this term is out of date) ·Vikings: 793AD·the Danes invaded and ruled for half of the 9th century.·In this time period we have the origin of the word ―Enland‖: Land of the Angles·Alfred the Great, king of Wessex (871-899): Saved the Angles from the Danes ·King Edward (died in 1066) :last Wessex king7.Was Ireland a part of UK in the past?Yes. Joined in 1801. Left in 19228.Britain and ancient Rome relationship:During the period of Early Britain, first part Rome Britain, Roman invasion in55BC, lead by Julius Caesar, finished by Caludius in 43AD9.What the size of British Empire: 1/4—1/310.UN Security Council members: China, France, Russia, UK, US11.NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization12.BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation附：When did Ireland divide?May.3.1921 Northern Ireland became separated from Ireland .1922, Ireland became an independent country.UK Politics1. Political evolution violent or peaceful? Peaceful.2. Differences between Bill of Rights and Magna CartaMagna Carta: King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 to impose legal limits on the king‘s personal power in raising money from his subjects. 影响：Slowly developed into a parliament with two separate houses.Bill of Rights(1689): Was the result of Glorious Revolution When the crown was offered , WilliamⅢ and MaryⅡ agreed to sign the Bill of Rights that gave political supremacy to Parliament and severely limited the Crown‘s power, which marked the beginning of the constitutional monarchy in England.3.Divisions of Parliament, main purpose, who PM is chosen and his/her Cabinet, number, who do the people elect, cost of running for MPDivision: The Crown, House of Lords, House of CommonsMain purpose: To make laws, pass laws from the government, taxes and money PM is chosen by the leading Parliament Party.PM selects the members of his Cabinet (20).Anyone 18 or older can vote. People elect the House of CommonsAnyone can run for MP at a fee of 500 pounds, or 5,200 Yuan.4.Major political parties and their differences• Labor Party: ①government supervision for industry②even distribution of wealth③equal opportunity• Conservative Party: ①supports private enterprise & minimal state regulation②accepts the mixed economy, involves private ownership of business with some government control.③believe in a governing class with a natural right & special privileges.• Liberal Democratic Party: ①the ―middle ground‖ party②The Liberal Democrats describe their ideology as giving "power to the people"; they are against the concentration of power in unaccountable bodies.5. PM of the UK: David Cameron (CP& LDP 联合政府)6. Tony Blair: 1997-2007 led the Labor Party7. Queen‘s political role: The Queen is Head of State but her power is only symbolic.8. Is the House of Lords the upper class? No.9. Differences between H of Lords and H of CommonsH of Commons: Elected by the people; Represent the people who elected them; Member of Parliament; they are center of British political life; the leading party selects the Prime Minister; The leading minority party sets up a Shadow Cabinet.H of Lords: They are not elected, inherit the position, be appointed by sovereign(monarchy) through PM‘s suggestion; do not have much power; They can delay bills, but only for one year; They are the highest court of appeals; Their main function is to debate the issues of the day.10. Britain has what type of government: Central government & Local government11.Is the Queen the head of other countries? Yes. Australia,Newzealand12.Constitution①The foundation of the UK government is the constitution.②Unlike other countries governed by a constitution, the UK‘s constitution is based on following sources:·Statute laws: These are laws passed by Parliament• Common laws or judge-made law: These are the court laws• Conventions, traditions&customs: Informal agreements·principles& practices of government which are not legally binding but have the force of law.• Ancient documents• European Union and the European Convention of Human Rights③Characteristics of British Constitution:·Constitutional Monarchy: The king(Queen) is the head of the state but power is only symbolic·Parliament Sovereignty: Parliament is the final authority·Representative Democracy: people are subject to the law, including government officials.13.Size of middle class: about 60% of the UK populationUK History1. Major time periods, events and people(ppt)2. Causes of Britain‘s decline: ①damages caused by WWII②beginning with the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, the remainder of the British Empire was almost completely dismantled.③As the 1950s progressed, the UK had lost its place as a superpower and could no longer maintain its large empire.3.Type of decline: relative , not absolute4.Examples of three types of industryAgriculture: livestock, growing cropsIndustry & Production: engineering; food and tobacco; chemicals; paper, printing and publishing; metals and minerals; textiles, clothingServices: Finance; Hotels and restaurants; Real estate; Education; Health and social workUK Literature1. Describe the Basic Periods with examples◆Old English Period (450~1066):特点：Most writings were concerned with Christianity and astrong belief in fate. Works were written in Old English. Poetry was the dominant genre. E.g:Beowulf. About 6th century Swedish warrior fighting dragons.This is the most famous Old English writing.◆Medieval English Literature (1066~1485): 特点：The church uses plays to instruct its people.Illiterate population begin to see and hear literature.E.g: Geoffrey Chaucer : Canterbury Tales; Thomas Moore : Utopia, published in 1516, is a book describing an imaginary place with an ideal political system.◆Renaissance Literature (1485~1660):Elizabethan Drama: 1586-163Jacobean Period: 1603-1625特点：There was a shift from a religious worldview to a humanistic worldview. Human development and love were reoccurring themes.Poetry and drama were the major literary genres.The first theater open in London in 1576.Commoners were beginning to be accepted at some plays.The most famous play writer was: William Shakespeare. Hamlet;Rome o&Juliet…Other key people:Christopher Marlowe: 1564-1593Ben Jonson: 1572-1637John Donne:1572-1631◆Neoclassical Period (1660~1798)特点：A time of returning to the art of Ancient Greek and Rome.Restoration (1630-1660),Charles II (查理二世王政复辟)The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth CenturyThe Industrial Revolution begins.Key Authors:John Milton (1608-1674)Paradise LostJohn Bunyan (1628-1688)Pilgrims ProgressJonathan Swift (1667-1745)Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)◆Romanticism (1798~1832)Background：NapoleonMiddle class gains representation in the British parliament.Romantics reacting against the Industrial Revolutionsome of the famous poets:John KeatsPercy ShelleyWilliam WordsworthLord ByronRobert Burnssome of the famous Romantic novelists:Mary Shelley – FrankensteinJane Austen – Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice◆Victorian Period (1832~1900)特点：Much of the literature of this time drew attention to the poor and oppressed, sexual misconduct, and the need for social reform.some of the famous authors:Charles Dickens : Oliver TwistSir Walter Scott : IvanhoeRobert Louis Stevenson : Dr Jekyll and Mr HydeThree sisters (Charlotte, Emily and Ann Bronte): famous novels :Jane Eyre; Wuthering HeightsCharles Dickens : A Tale of Two CitiesCharles DarwinRobert Louis StevensonSherlock Holmes◆Modern Period (1900~present)①Before WWⅡModernism: Through rational and logical means of gaining knowledge man will improve his environment. It was objective and a search for abstracttruth. It rejected God.Anti-heroic charactersE.g: Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness (1902)Virginia WoolfT.S. Eliot②After WW ⅡPost-Modernism: It is a reaction against the logic of Modernism. An extreme formof Modernism. It is subjective and rejected truth.E.g: George Orwell :famous novel 1984 was a satire on the totalitarian tendency,depressing stories are characteristic of postmodernism. John Fowles: The French Lieutenant‘s Woman2. Canterbury Tales: Geoffrey Chaucer; stories told by people on wayto Christian Church in Canterbury S.E. England.3. Beowulf: About 6th century Swedish warrior fighting dragons; this is the most famous Old English writing.4. Hamlet: William Shakespeare5. Ode on a Grecian Urn: John Keats ,18196. Jane Eyre: Charlotte BronteUK Education1. GCSE: General Certificate of Secondary Education2. A Levels: after year 11, study two more years and take A-Levels to go to universityNorthern Ireland1. Basic order of events in NI1600s - Queen Elizabeth encouraged English settlements in Ireland.1916 - The Easter Rising1921 - Partition - The Anglo-Irish Treaty2. Good Friday Agreement: Also known as the Belfast Agreement.,was a major political development in the Northern Ireland peace process. It was signed in Belfast on 10 April 1998 (Good Friday) by the British and Irish governments and endorsed by most Northern Ireland political parties.3. Bloody Sunday: demonstration in Londonderry, Northern Ireland, on Sunday, Jan. 30, 1972, by Roman Catholic civil rights supporters. Bloody Sunday precipitated an upsurge in support for the nationalist Irish Republican Army (IRA), which advocated violence against the United Kingdom to force it to withdraw from Northern Ireland.4. Sinn Fein: Political wing of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). Sinn Féin, organized in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, is a nationalist party in Northern Ireland, representing Roman Catholics who want to achieve a united Ireland through whatever means are necessary, including violence. The party was led by Gerry Adams from 1983.5. Religion of Irish and British: ChristianityAustralia1. What is unique to each state?Western Australia: the largest state; very few people live there; it contains most of the countries minerals.The Northern Territory: the essence of the Australian Outback; it has a varied landscape; also known as the land of the aborigines.South Australia: the driest state; 60% is desert; rich in mineral resources; has world-famous vineyards(wine).Queensland: the ‗sunshine‘ state and has magnificent beaches; Australia‘s premier tourist destination; the location of the Great Barrier Reef.New South Wales: the first white settlement in Australia; it leads the country in shipping, industry, and agriculture; the most populous area of the country; Sydney is the state capital.Australi an Capital Territory: the site of the nation‘s capital, Canberra; National government is its main industry.Victoria: the smallest mainland state but most densely populated and highly urbanized; a major tourist destination; its capital, Melbourne, is the second largest city in Australia.Tasmania: the smallest state; has several substantial industries; has retained much of its colonial feel.2. History: (time line)1788 - Colonization1850s - Gold Rush1880s - Growth of Nationalism1901 - Federation1900s - A New Nation1914 - 1918 - WWI1920s - The 1920s1929 - The Great Depression1939 - WWII1946 - Populate or Perish: Immigration3. Minorities: Aborigines &immigrants from non-European countries4.Map5. TAFE: Technical and Further Education6. Unique Holidays• Australian Day - January 26th• ANZAC Day - April 25th• Remembrance Day - Nov 11th• Melbourne Cup Day - Nov7. Favorite Sports: Australian Rules football; NetballNew Zealand1. Major cities: Capital: Wellington; largest city: Auckland; Christchurch and Dunedin.2. Difference between North and South IslandNorth: major cities: Wellington and Auckland; VolcanoesSouth: less densely populated; largest cities: Christchurch and Dunedin; has the most impressive mountains; glaciers3. HistoryFirst settlers: Maori. They came from Polynesia at least 700 years ago, and maybe 1000 years ago.The Dutch in 1642 first discovered New Zealand.British explorer James Cook in 1769 first came to New Zealand whose ship‘s name was Endeavor.Treaty of Waitangi: Maori wanted protection from European settlers.Growth of a nation: self-government (1852); a separate dominion (1907); full independence (1947) ; ―Most prosperous country in the world‖ by 1940.The Maturing of the nation: 1947,became fully independent from Britain1951, the Legislative Council was abolished , creating a unicameral legislature.1940s-1970s, increasing economic prosperity based on agriculture.Parliament in 1975 established a tribunal to hear claims of violations of the Treaty of Waitangi.In 1993 Parliament was changed to give more representation to smaller parties.1996, first Mixed Member Proportional(MMP) Parliament4. Minorities: Maori5. Unique holidaysNew Year‘s DayWaitangi Day: Feb 6th (National Day)Easter (Good Friday through Easter Monday)ANZAC Day: April 25th (This stands for Australia and New Zealand Army Corps. It honors the men and women who have fought in wars)Queen Elizabeth‘s II Birthday: first Monday of JuneLabor Day: fourth Monday in OctoberChristmasBoxing Day: the day after Christmas. A major shopping dayHolidaysSport of the Kings: horse racingWimbledon: the most famous tennis match in the UKSport Scottish invented: GolfMuslim fast: Ramadan; a fast during the month of SeptemberGuy Fawkes: Bonfire Night (a catholic conspirator, Nov 5, 1605----celebrated by Fireworks and bonfire):Hogmanay: Scotland, (when) News Years Eve, (how) first footing Eisteddfod: Wales; purpose: preserve the Welsh language and culture, which is threatened by English.Boxing Day: UK, the day after Christmas, a major shopping dayTrouping the Colour: on the Queens birthdayWaitangi Day: New Zealand, Feb 6th (National Day)ANZAC Day: Australia and NZ, April 25thDatesUK joined EU: 1973Scotland joins UK: 1707Wales join UK: 1536Ireland divided: 1922End of the Empire: 1945-1997Historical time periods of all the countriesOtherBe able to recognize a picture of: Tony Blair;Margaret Thatcher;Queen, Gordon Brown, David Cameron;Globe TheatreParliament, Cricket, St Patrick‘s Day, Christmas Pantomime(哑剧)。
西安外国语大学英语国家社会与文化期末考试题
西安外国语大学英语国家社会与文化期末考试题1. Llywelgn ap Gruffudd is more than a simple historical figure for the W elsh. He is almost considered the legendary hero of Welsh nationalism b ecauseA. he became the first Prince of Wales in 1267.B. he brought the English under his control.C. he led a historic uprising against the English.D. he unified Wales as an independent nation.2. How many counties do you know there are in Northern Ireland?A. 26B. 6C. 32D. 203. Which of the following about the House of Commons in Britain is NO T true?A. Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. MPs receive salaries and some other allowance.C. MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.D. Most MPs belong to the major political parties.4. Who is the leader of the Labor party in Britain at present?A. John MajorB. Tony BlairC. Harold WilsonD. Margaret Thatc her5. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?A. BoeingB. Rolls RoyceC. McDonnel-DouglasD. Hawker-Siddel ey Aviation6. British Aerospace was the merger of which two companies?A. the British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley AviationB. the British Aircraft Corporation and Rolls RoyceC. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and GEC AvionicsD. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and Rolls Royce7. Which of the following was a Postmodernist writer?A. George OrwellB. Robert L. StevensonC. Jane AustenD. Virg inia Woolf8. Which of the following about hunting is NOT true?A. It had developed into a recreational activity in medieval England.B. Only men participated in the hunting.C. Modern hunters usually chase foxes nowadays.D. It is strongly objected by animal rights groups.9. Of which people is Robert Burn a national poet?A. Welsh peopleB. Irish peopleC. Scottish peopleD. Englis h people10. On which day is Halloween celebrated?A. 5 NovemberB. 31 OctoberC. 17 MarchD. 25 Decem ber11. Which of the following is NOT true about the Eisteddfod?A. The highlight is the crowning of the two bards.B. It is the largest popular festival of music-making and poetry writing i n Europe.C. "Address to a Haggis" is recited.D. Competitions are held to find the best choirs, translators, essayists and poets.12. Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities?A. Comprehensive schools.B. Secondary schools.C. Independent school.D. Grammar schools.13. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the situation of t he ethnic minorities in the UK?A. They are well-represented in the British parliament.B. They are economically poorer than the white population.C. They are treated unfairly by the justice system.D. They are threatened by some racist groups.14. Britain has its nuclear naval force sinceA. it's one of the developed countries in the world.B. it's a traditional sea power.C. it has an advanced industry.D. it's able to produce submarines.15. Which of the following about the tabloids is NOT true?A. They are big format newspaper.B. They are often called "the gutter press".C. They mainly deal in scandals and gossip about famous people.D. They carry stories with color photos and catchy headlines.16. is Australia's largest trading partner.A. ChinaB. ASEAN countriesC. BritainD. Japan17. In which of the following areas Australia and America havedisagree ments?A. Trade policies.B. American military presence in the Asian and Pacific region.C. Establishing diplomatic relations with P. R. China.D. Australia's membership in the UN Security Council.18. Diplomatic relations between Australia and China was established inA. the 1950s.B. the 1960s.C. the 1970s.D. the 1980s.19. is the largest segment of the Australian economy.A. The primary industry.B. The secondary industry.C. The tertiary industry.D. The food-processing industry.20. The largest manufacturing sector in Australia isA. the ship-building industry.B. the Australian aerospace indus try.C. the heavy engineering industry.D. the Australian food-process ing industry.21. The sole parent pension is available toA. all single parents.B. single people caring for children under 16 or recipients of the child disability allowance.C. single parents divorced with children under 16.D. divorced or widowed old women.22. Which of the following is NOT a part of the Australian social security programs?A. Tertiary education assistance.B. Age pensions.C. Pensions for war and defense widows.D. The child disability all owance.23. "No taxation without representation" was the rallying cry ofA. the settlers of Virginia.B. the people of Pennsylvania.C. the colonists in New England.D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the AmericanRevolutio n.24. The New Deal was started byA. Franklin Roosevelt.B. J. F. Kennedy.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.25. The latest technology that farmers have adopted is .A. artificial fertilizersB. pesticideC. tractorsD. computers26. does NOT belong to the "Lost Generation".A. John Dos PassosB. Ernest HemingwayC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. John Steinbeck27. was NOT written by Hemingway.A. Light in AugustB. The Sun Also RisesC. A Farewell to ArmsD. for Whom the Bell Tolls28. Which of the following is NOT a black author?A. Richard WrightB. Alan GinsbergC. James BaldwinD. Ralph Ellison29. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels in the l ate 19th and early 20th century with the exception of .A. Emily DickinsonB. Edith WhartonC. Willa CatherD. Kate C hopin30. The following writers represent new American voices except _.A. Toni MorrisonB. Alice WalkerC. T. S. EliotD. Maxine Hon g Kingston31. To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except _.A. attending lectures and complete assignmentsB. passing examinationC. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyD. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college32. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of In dia's leader Gandhi, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 196 4.A. John F. KennedyB. James FarmerC. Ella BakerD. Martin L uther King, Jr.33. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called .A. the "Hippies"B. the "Beat Generation"C. the "Me Generation"D. the "Lost Generation"34. In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women were dissatisfied w ith their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of by , they found a voice.A. The Feminine Mystique, Betty FriedanB. Profile in Courage,Joh n F. KennedyC. The Other America, Michael HarringtonD. Catch in the Rye, J.D. Salinger35. made the first desktop PC.A. Bill GatesB. IBMC. Two young amateur inventorsD. Apple Computers36. made the first liquid propellant rocket.A. Robert H GoddardB. Na GermanyC. J. Robert OppenheimerD. US military37. invented the telephone.A. Samuel F.B. Morse B. Alexander Graham BellC. Thomas Alva EdisonD. Reginald Fessenden38. The tradition of the vocal ballad which contributed to the blues form was usually accompanied byA. a guitar.B. a piano.C. a banjo.D. a trombone and a cymbal39. The Progressive Conservative Party was completely wiped out in the 1933 federal election becauseA. they offended the French-speaking people in Canada.B. they governed the entire country for too many years.C. they had bad management of the economy.D. they were unable to represent the country as a whole.40. "Triple alliance" in Jean-Charles Harvey's novel refer to the following except:A. capitalistsB. politiciansC. churchD. French separatism41. In which period have Canada's most famous and successful writers appeared?A. post-war periodB. period of nation-buildingC. early colonial periodD. pre-European period42. What idea is most powerfully presented in Margaret Laurence's work, making her highly representative of contemporary Canada?A. self-analysisB. women's positionC. cultural differenceD. politic al environment43. Which of the following novels was made into an extremely successfu l film in 1997?A. Lost in the BarrensB. The Two SolitudesC. The Handmaid's TaleD. The English Patient44. On the evidence of the past, Canada used to be so reluctant to get involved in Europeansquabbles that one prime minister even referred to the two world wars a s "the vortex of European militarism". Who made the remarks?A. Prime Minister Lester PearsonB. Prime Minister Wilfred La urierC. Prime Minister Pierre TrudeauD. Prime Minister Brian Mulr oney45. In 1917, the Canadian government introduced conscription, which res ulted in bitterresentment in the French-speaking province. Which of the following is th e correct name?A. British ColumbiaB. Nova ScotiaC. OntarioD. Quebec46. According to the author, Canada entered into its golden age of inter national diplomacy in the 1950s, the period of which was capped by _.A. Canada's role in the Suez Crisis of 1956B. Canada's role in the World Trade OrganizationC. Canada's role in the NATOD. Canada's role in World Health Organization47. Who was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts made to intro duce a UN peacekeeping force into the Suez Canal region during the Cr isis of 1956?A. Brian MulroneyB. Pierre TrudeauC. John HolmsD. Lester P earson48. Whose administration worked especially hard for theinternational rec ognition of the People's Republic of China?A. Wilfred Laurier's administrationB. Lester Pearson's administratio nC. MacKine King's administrationD. Brian Mulroney's administration49. The Canada-U. S. relations are so close that Prime Minister Louis S t Laurent once said that it was like .A. a relationship between two teammates.B. a relationship between two brothers.C. a relationship between two business partners.D. a relationship between two farmers.50. One of the historic reasons that leads Canada to empathing with the problems the Third World countries face on their way to independence i s:A. its colonial pastB. its imperialist pastC. its feudal historyD. its socialist-oriented economy.。
英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料
英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料Test paper 11. Tick the correct answer in each of the following:1. Which is the largest city in Scotland?A. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester2. Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the ninth century?A. They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids.B. They felt it necessary to develop their own industry.C. They were threatened by the Anglo-Saxons' invasion.D. They had to do it in order to resist the English.3. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live?A. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland4. Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organized a partition of Ireland, becauseA. the British government wouldn't be able to control Ireland any longer by force.B. the British government intended to satisfy both sides ----- Catholics as well as Protestants.C. Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland.D. Protestants welcomed the idea of partition.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Sinn Fein is the legal political Party in Northern Ireland.B. Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called Unionists.C. Social Democratic and Labor Party is a very important political Party in Britain.D. Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists.6. In the early 1970s, the IRAA. killed many Protestants and Catholics.B. burned down the houses of Catholics.C. murdered individuals at random.D. carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main target.7. Which of the following is NOT true about the Great Council?A. They included barons and representatives from countries and towns.B. They were sometimes summoned by the kings to contribute money.C. They later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet.D. They represented the aristocrats as well as the communities.8. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A. James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I9. Which of the following is NOT true about the Constitution?A. It is a document which lists out the basic principles for government.B. It is the foundation of British government today.C. Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.D. The common laws are part of the Constitution.10. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win the election?A. 651B. 326C. 626D. 35111. Which of the following party adopts a "fatherly" sense of obligation to the poorer people in the society?A. the Conservative partyB. the Liberal DemocratsC. the Party of WalesD. the Labor party12. Which of the following description about the Conservative party is NOT true?A. It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B. It prefers policies that protect individual's rights.C. It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.D. It is known as a party of high taxation levels.13. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?A. in the southeast of EnglandB. in the northeast of EnglandC. in the southeast of ScotlandD. in the northeast of Scotland14. Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector?A. ShellB. ICIC. RTZD. British Gas15. Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK?A. FordB. PeugeotC. RoverD. BMW16. Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism?A. KeatsB. ShelleyC. WordsworthD.E. M. Foster17. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Dr. FaustusB. HamletC. FrankensteinD. Sense and Sensibility18. Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist?A. D. H. LawrenceB. Charles DickensC. Robert L. StevensonD. Walter Scott19. Where is the international tennis championships held?A. WembleyB. WimbledonC. St AndrewsD. Clapham20. Which of the following was the first team sport to have organized rules?A. footballB. cricketC. horse racingD. tennis21. Which of the following is NOT true about cricket in Britain?A. It is now still a snobbish game played by aristocratic people.B. Its rules are rather obscure.C. The matches last for a few days.D. The players appear to be quite formally dressed.22. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen's birthday?A. bonfiresB. the Orange MarchC. Trooping the ColorD. masquerades23. Which of the following is true about the Guy Fawkes Night?A. It is celebrated by Scottish people in November.B. It is celebrated by English people in November.C. It is celebrated by Scottish people in August.D. It is celebrated by English people in August.24. Which of the following is true about the Gunpowder Plot?A. It was planned to kill the Protestant king and replace him with a Catholic king.B. It was planned to kill the Catholic king and replace him with a Protestant king.C. It was planned to kill King Billy and replace him with King James II.D. It was planned to kill King James II and replace him with King Billy.25. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?A. The University of Cambridge.B. The University of Oxford.C. The University of Edinburgh.D. The University of Buckingham.26. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich.B. Parents send their children to public schools because their children can get better jobs when they leave school.C. Parents send their children to public schools because can have a better chance of getting into a good university.D. Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools. 27. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University?A. It's open to everybody.B. It requires no formal educational qualifications.C. No university degree is awarded.D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc.28. Which of the following about the terraced houses is NOT true?A. They are most common in suburban areas.B. They are usually two-storey houses joined at each side.C. They often have a small concrete yard at the back.D. They were originally built for factory workers.29. Which of the following about the "semis" is true?A. They usually have gardens at all side.B. They normally stand together in pairs.C. They are usually located in fashionable areas in the city.D. They are considered as the most desirable home by British people.30. Which of the following about class system in the UK is NOT true?A. People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspaper.B. Class-division is only decided by people's income.C. Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person's life-chances.D. The way people speak identifies themselves to particular class.31. The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by the following factors exceptA. its imperial history.B. its geopolitical traits.C. its special relationship with the United States.D. its schizophrenic attitude to Europe.32. Which of the following is NOT involved in making the British foreign policy?A. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office.C. The Prime Minister and Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.33. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation inA. the Commonwealth.B. the Europ0ean Economic Community.C. the United Nation, the European Union, NATO, etc.D. a European federal government.34. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy becauseA. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.B. it informs people about current affairs in the world.C. it provides people with subjective reports.D. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament.35. In Britain most advertising is carriedA. in newspapers.B. on televisionC. in maganes.D. on radio.36. Which of the following about the BBC is NOT true?A. There is no advertising on any of the BBC programs.B. The BBC is funded by license fees paid by people who possess television receiving sets.C. The BBC has four television channels.D. The BBC provides the World Service throughout the world.37. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ____A. challenging the authority of the Pope.B. salvation through faith.C. salvation through the church.D. establishing a direct contact with God.38. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. separation of state and church.B. respect of education.C. intolerant moralismD. a sense of mission.39. Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed because __________A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.40. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written,A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.B. there was no Bill of Rights.C. the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens.D. a "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution 4 years after the Constitution was made.41. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. The executive.B. The legislative.C. The Judicial.D. The president.42. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?A. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.C. The president can make laws.D. The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.43. The United States was rated No. 1 in terms of production capacity in the world ____.A. in 1920B. in 1950C. in 1945D. in 196044. Service industry does not include _______.A. bankingB. management consultationC. airlineD. steelmaking45. The United States was rated___ in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth46. Which of the following is true?A. Many Catholics are not opposed to abortion.B. Many evangelical Protestants do not object to abortion.C. Orthodox Jews are for abortion.D. Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women.47. Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy?A. The Catholic Church.B. The Protestant Episcopal Church.C. The United Methodist Church.D. Jewish Congregations.48. The following are distinctively American features of religion except _____A. Various religious groups have coexisted in the U. S. more harmoniously than Europe.B. Scientific and economic advance and material prosperity have not been accompanied by a decline in religious faith.C. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religion argument in the U. S.D. There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the U. S.49. Whitman's poetry has the following characteristics except ___.A. fragmented haunting imagesB. long irregular linesC. celebrating the American spiritD. free-flowing structure50. Mark Twain's works are characterized by the following except ___.A. sense of humorB. egotismC. jokesD. tall tales51. Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickenson's poems. Which one is not?A. Her poems mix gaiety and gloom.B. Her verses are filled with the names of faraway, exotic places.C. Her poems are very long and powerful.D. Her poems show that she was fascinated by both life and death.52. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?A. Universities and collegesB. Research institutionsC. Technical institutionsD. Undergraduate institutions53. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?A. Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research.B. Large universities provide students with "mainframe" computers.C. Large universities offer scholarships to all students.D. Large universities attract students with modern laboratories.54. Nearly all students want to get into more desirable institutions because ____.A. they find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of themB. they enjoy the high prestige of these institutionsC. they like the teachers and surroundings in these institutionsD. they prefer to have the Scholastic Aptitude Tests55. In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added ________ to educate people about the war in Vietnam.A. teach-inB. rock 'n' roll musicC. class boycottD. "march against fear"56. According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and the people to fight against Southern segregation. Which is the exception?A. the Student Nonviolent Coordinating CommitteeB. the Congress of Racial EqualityC. the Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceD. the Student for a Democratic Society57. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when _____ delivered his "I have a Dream" speech.A. John F. KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Martin Luther King, Jr.D. Mario Savio58. Three of the following factors contribute to the higher arrest rates among minority groups. Which is the exception?A. The aggressive nature of these groups.B. Racial prejudice against them.C. Low social status of these groups.D. Poverty and unemployment among minority groups.59. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?A. briberyB. tax evasionC. false advertisingD. robbery60. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Northern states had outlawed slavery by 1830.B. Slavery was finally abolished in the South in 1865.C. The Northern states did not have racial discrimination.D. Segregation laws continued to be enforced in Southern states until the 1950s.61. ____ had the title "the Wizard of Menlo Park".A. Thomas A EdisonB. John StevensC. Charlie ChaplinD. Robert Fulton62. ____contributed to the development of the American system of manufacture in the twentieth century.A. James K MaxwellB. Cyrus H McCormickC. Lee De ForestD. Henry Ford63. When was voice and music first transmitted over the radio?A. 1901B. end of 19th centuryC. New Year's Eve 1905D. Christmas Eve 190564. One of the oldest towns (landed in 1513) in the US is ____.A. New YorkB. BostonC. PhiladelphiaD. St Augustine65. The Granite State in the US is _____.A. New HampshireB. New York StateC. PennsylvaniaD. Florida66. ______ was twice the site of Winter Olympics.A. Schroon LakeB. Lake PlacidC. AtlantaD. Washington, D. C.67. In playing basketball, when the player bounces the ball on the floor as he moves around the court, this is called ___.A. passB. walkC. stealD. dribble68. In playing basketball, misbehavior or unsportsmanlike actions may result in ____.A. time outB. overtimeC. technical foulD. foul69. Which of the following is not a team game?A. volleyballB. bowlingC. soccerD. field hockey70. The complex drumming in the rhythm section of early jazz music was brought over to America by ___.A. Spanish missionaries from Europe.B. Black slaves from West AfricaC. British colonists from Asia.D. the Creole from the West India71. Blues was derived from a blend of field chantey and spiritual which is ____.A. a form of rock' n' roll singing popular among American teenagersB. a form of operatic singing originated from Southern European countriesC. a form of country music singingD. a form of hymn singing prevalent in African-American Christian churches72. Recording groups such as the Hot Five and the Hot Seven organized by Louis Armstrong made a series of recordings which represent ____.A. the origin of the Chicago style jazzB. the influence of New Orleans style jazzC. the beginning of the New York style jazzD. the impact of ragtime musicII. Fill in the blanks:1.The full name of the United Kingdom is __________________________________________.2. The island of Great Britain is made up of ________________, ___________and__________.3. The United Kingdom has been a member of ______________________________since 1973.4. Britain is now a _____________society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of ___________________ethnicity.5. London plays a significant role in ________________economic and cultural life. It's not only the financial ________of the nation, but also one of ___________major international financial centers in ________________.6. Britain consists of _____nations, including England, ________, ______and ______________.7. Britain is a country with a history of invasions. In 43 AD Britain was invaded by __________, in the late 8th century they experienced _________raids from Scandinavia and in the 11th century they suffered invasions from _____________.8. The Anglo-Saxon began to settle in Britain in _________century.9. The capital of Britain is ________, which has great influence on the UK in all fields including _____________, ____________ and _____________.10. Charles the First, king of Britain, was executed, because he attempted to ______________ in the English Revolution.11. Name two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally respected universities: __________________ and _______________.12. The battle of Bannockburn led by Robert the Bruce succeeded in winning the full independence of ______________.13. Both the Scottish and Welsh people elect their members of parliaments to the London Parliament and each holds ____________and ___________ seats respectively.14. The capital of Scotland is ____________, which is well-known for its natural ___________.15. Although Wales is the smallest of the three nations on the __________ mainland, it's good at getting _________ from abroad, particularly Japan and __________________.16. To pursue Irish independence, the most spectacular event in the Irish history was _________ of 1916, in which the rebels occupied Dublin's _______________ and forced the British to take it back by ____________.17. ____________, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.18.The UK is divided into ______constituencies with each of them represented by a member in _________________.19. The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors: ____________industries, secondary industries and _____________industries.20. One of the oldest of the early "old English" literary works is called ____________________.21. ___________is a rough, fast game which was invented in Britain while ___________is a more gentle sport which owes its origin to the Church.22. Christmas commemorates ________________________, while ___________commemorates the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ.23. The two oldest universities in Britain are __________________ and ___________________.24. Like the housing system in the US and the wealthy English-speaking commonwealth, the UK has a very high proportion of _________________, which means that the people own the house they live in.25. When the Second World War was over, Britain was active in ____________the United Nations and became one of the _____permanent members of __________________________.26. Britain has one of the world's oldest established ____________industries. The Observer, which appeared in 1791, is the world's oldest ___________newspaper, while The Times, which began publishing in 1785, is Britain's oldest ______________newspaper.27. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question "what is an American" in his book _______________________.28. After the War of Independence was won, the national government was called ___________, and the agreement that guided the government was _________________________________.29. The first Secretary of Treasury of the United States was ____________________________.30. "WASP" stands for ____________________________________________________.31. _______________________ and _______________________are the two major American writers of the post-Revolutionary period.32. About ______percent of American students go to __________schools and _________percent attend private schools.33. On February 1, 1960, 4 black students from a black college in __________________, North Carolina, began their protest against the racial segregation laws by such tactics as _________, thus beginning the civil rights movement.34. American society is a stratified one in which _____________, _____________ and _______ are unequally distributed among the population.35. The invention of the __________________by ____________________ made it possible to obtain higher profits from agriculture. US agriculture was moving away from subsistence farming towards a food marketing enterprise.36. The Grand Canyon is carved away for nearly 6 million years by the waters of the _________ River.37. The two conferences for American football are AFC, which stands for __________________ and NFC, which stands for ________________________.38. Jazz music, as a musical form, was initially performed and appreciated by ______________.Keys to test paper 11.C2.A3.B4.B5.C6.D7.C8.B9.A 10.B11.A 12.D. 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.B 20.B21.A 22.C 23.B 24.A 25.D 26.D 27.C 28.A 29.B 30.B31.D 32.A 33.C 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.A 39.D 40.A 41.B 42.C43.C 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.D 49.A 50.B 51.C 52.B53.C 54.A 55.A 56.D 57.C 58.A 59.D 60.C 61.A 62.D63.D 64.D 65.A 66.B 67.D 68.C 69.B 70.B 71.D 72.AII. Fill in the blanks:1. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. England; Scotland; Wales3. European Union4. multiracial; non-European5. Britain's; center; the three; the world6. four; Scotland; Wales; Northern Ireland7. the Roman empire; Vikings; the Normans8. the 5th9. London; government; economy; culture10. overrule the parliament 11. Glasgow; Edinburgh12. Scotland 13. 72; 3814. Edinburgh; beauty 15. British; investment; America16. the Easter Rising; Post Office; military means17. King Egbert 18. 651; the parliament19. primary; tertiary/service 20. Beowulf21. Football; tennis 22. the birth of Jesus Christ; Easter23. Oxford; Cambridge 24. owner-occupation25. setting up; the five; the UN Security Council 26. newspaper; national; daily27. Letters from an American Farmer28. the Congress; the Articles of Confederation29. Alexander Hamilton30. White Anglo-Saxon Protestant31. Washington Irving; James Fenimore Cooper32. 85; public; 1533. Greensboro; sit-ins34. power; wealth; prestige35. the mechanical reaper; Cyrus H McCormick36. Colorado37. American Football Conference; National Football Conference38. African-Americans。
英语国家社会与文化考试重点
Puritanism:1pilgrims are a group of early settles in New England from England 2in 1620 to escape religious persecution 3the pilgrims left for New England onboard the mayflower,landing at Plymouth Rock 4in the New England the puritans hoped to build a city upon a hill an ideal community 5in spite of their own quest for religious freedom, the puritans practiced a form of intolerant moralism.The Declaration of independence is a statement adopted by the second continental congress on july4 1776, which announced that the 13American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states,and thus no longer a part of the british empire 2it justified the independence of the united states by listing colonial grievances against King George3 and by asserting certain natural rights,including a right of revolution.The Watergate scandal was a political scandal which occurred during the Nixon administration 2the scandal began with the arrest of five men for breaking and entering into the democratic party headquarters at the Watergate office building 3Journalists investigating the incident discoveres that the burglars had been employed by Nixon`s re-election committee 4The White House made matters worse by trying to conceal its connection with the break-in 5on August 9 Richard Nixon become the only US president to resign from officeThree branches of Amreican: legislative ,executive, judicial branches because powers are not compeletly separated,each branch requires the consent of the others for many of its actions.the goal is to prevent any dominant power from rising in the government. America`s Foreign affairs :1early presidents focused foreign there were little political relationships with European countries,though sporadic military conflicts.2 president James Monroe in 1823 asserted that the United States should stay out of European affairs and that European powers should not interfere in the affairs of America`s backyard,it defined US policy in latin America and justified Westward Expansion across the north American continent. Won from war:1 the power to shape a new poster order as the true leader in international affairs. 2face new challenges shortly after the end of World war.its undisputable leadership position propelled it for the first time in history towards an activies,expansionist and a global diplomacy.Before 911: 1GeorgeW bush was at the peak of its strength 2Soviet union disintegrated in 1991 ,united states the only superpower in the world 3economy experienced a sustained growth in 1991to1999.4the mood of elites and the public could be described as optimistic, confident and self-assured.The supreme court: 1the highest judice body in the United states,and leads the federal judiciary. 2it consists of the chief justice and eight associate justices 3armed with the right of judicial review has a check on the legislative,executive.the cold war :1the continuing state of policial conflict,military tension and economic competition existing world war two 2between the soviet union and united states3featured periods of relative calm and of international high tension 4ended after the soviet uniondisintegrated in 1991,leaving the US as the dominant military power.Economic reason behind war of independence :By the 18th century, regional patterns of development had become clear: the new England colonies relied on shipbuilding and sailing to generate wealth; plantations in Marryland, Virginia, and the Carolinans grew tobacco, rice, and indigo; and the middle colonies of New York generate crops and furs. The standards of living were generally high. With the economic boom in the colonies, disputes developed with England over taxatio and other matters; Americans hoped for a modification of English axes and regulations that would satisfy their demand for more self-government,which ultimately led to the call independence and the ceation of new nation- the united states.New Deal :President Franklin D.Roosevelt launched the New Deal to alleviate the most serious economic crisis in the nation’s history, the Great Depression. New Deal legislation extended federal authority in banking, agriculture, and public welfare. It established minimum standards for wages and hours on the jobs, which served as catalyst for the expansion of labour unions in industries like steel, automobiles, and rubber. Programmes and agencies that today seem indispensa ble to the operation of the country’s modern economy were created: perhaps most notably, the social security system providing pensions to the elderly. Many of the most important laws and institutions that define American’s modern economy can be traced to the New Deal era.The Great Society was a set of domestic programmes proposed on the initiative of President Lyndon B.Johnson. Two main goals of the Great Society social reforms were the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. New major spending programmes that addressed education, medical, care(health care for the elderly), food stamps(food assistance for the poor), urban problems, and transportation were launched during this period. The Great Society in scope and sweep resembled the New Deal domestic agenda of Franklin D.Roosevelt, but differed sharply in types of programmes enacted.Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York City. It runs east from Broadway to South Street on the East River, through the historical centre of the Financial District. It is the first permanent home of the New York Stock Exchange; Wall Street is also shorthand for the” influential financial interests” of the American financial industry, which is centred in the New York City area. Several major US stock and other exchanges remain headquartered on Wall Street and in the Financial District, including the NYSE, NASDAQ, and others.Hollywood is the US film industry centre. It is located in Los Angeles, California. There are big movie companies, including the WarnerBros. Pictures, Universal Studios, Columbia Pictures, and Paramount Pictures. They dominate the movie industry today, and films produced by them are not only very popular within the US, but also all around the world. The annual Oscar Award attracts the attention of millions of movies fans. Hollywood has become the synonym of American film.Characteristic of Higher education: in the Unites States is characterized by a stratification system. Second, it is also known for diversity in terms of institutional size, type, control, programme emphasis and climate, and population served. By the end of the 20th century, the number of colleges and universities in the United States had exceeded 3,700. A majority of this total are private with control vested in religious denominations, professional organizations, and other private foundations.Admit student:Admission to an institution of higher education is governed by each college or university. Though weighted and evaluated differentially by each institution, the general criteria used to determine admission include successful completion of high school., grades 9-12; high school grade point average and class rank; minimal course of studies in areas of English, mathematics. and sciences; and result from standardized tests such as the SAT and the ACT.Higher competititive:Because more and more people in the United States today choose to attend colleges and university, and colleges students tend to pursue further studies or higher degrees. Thus competition heats up when a higher percentage of high school completers begin to enroll in college. This, on the one hand, reflects the accessibility of higher education, while on the other hand, highlights the emphasis placed on college education.vocational school:As industrialization grew, American school system also expanded. Public high schools were pressured by industry and parents to train students for jobs. This had resulted in the construction of two types of high schools: vocational and general. In a vocational school, students are taught the skills needed to perform a particular job. Most high school offer both types of programmes. Vocational courses such as typing , sewing, mechanical drawing and stenography are commonly seen in the high school curriculum. pragmatism :American scholar John Dewey developed the philosophy of pragmatism, which claims that the only worthwhile knowledge is knowledge that can be used. This school of thought has gratly influenced American educators in what they choose to teach, and also in the teaching techniques. They do not want to teach sheer facts which will quickly be forgotten; instead, they want to teach attitudes and skills which will help produce useful, responsible and happy adults.Community colleges :After finishing high school, US students will be faced with various higher education options. Community colleges are open option. Most community colleges offer variety of certificates and two-year associate degree programmes. Community colleges are public institutions supported in large part by gobernment funding and taxes.Bill of rights of 1689:the parliament`s place in british political life Vote their local member of parliament:1the image of the party leader 2the policies he offers to the electorateQueen take to adapt:1 retain a popular image by attending charities 2offering to pay taxes 3opening up Buckingham Palace to visitors. Britain major parties:1Conservative party prefers private enterprise and freedom of government control 2Labour party wants more social just and equality. The two run the government by turns Constitutional monarchy: the head of state but the real power rests with the parliamentary governmentParliamentary supremacy: parliament is a legislature and once statute law is passed, none of the other branches of the government can change unless through parliament itselfJudicial review: the power of the judiciary to examine the actions of government ministers to determine whether they are lawful according to statute lawThe cabinet: the executive group of ministers usually has about 20in number, who are chosen by the prime minister to determine government policies and coordinate government departments. Collective respondsibility: cabinet ministers assume respondsibility for all cabinet decisions and form a united front to parliament and the country by refusing to make public the differences of opinion before or after a cabinet decisionUK before 1750:hands,animals,water power19th century the british ships took most of the shipping in Europe and british seagoing shipping was greater than that of the rest of the world, the shipping made great contribution to british national income.Shipbuilding :1great increase in the size of ships 2ghnological innvationBritish trading successful:1Uk`s dominance in the world economy in the 19th century2british goods were competitive at world market 3manufacturers needed overseas outlets to sell their surplus goods 4british financial servicesPattern of trade:20th century manufactured goods declined, services in the trade increasedNew industries:1ues electricity as a source of power 2more science based 3many are multinationalFinancial services:1accounts for 5percent of nation wealth and one million jobs with London 2as the third largest financial centre after New York and TokyoGreat exhibition of 1851:held in London 2display latest technological development 3a symbol for UK as the workshop of the worldthe workshop of the world :a term used describe the UK economic situation, for it was far advanced in manufacturing industrytrade surplus: the idea trade should not get restricted by protection in the form of tariffs, custom duties or import quotas that aredesigned to protect the domestic economy from foreign competition.Multi-national: international firms that operate across national borders. The headquarters are in one country with many workers in others countries.Pub culture :pub is a popular public place and for many people is of a social occasion,on which people talk not only to friends but also to strangers in a completely relaxed atmosphere.BBC: the british broadcasting corporation is a public enterprise financial by a license fee, two channels of BBC1\2Quality papers: newspapers that aim at the education reader, contain more serious topics .the daily quality papers include the (times\guardian\daily telegragh\independent)Romantic movement: 1an emphasis on passion and pursuit of natural beauty 2a shift to the use of language of common men to convey poetic ideas 3 convey democratic beliefs and revolutionary character in a literary world.Require for primary and secondary: 1begin education in the state system at 5 2the majority receive their secondary education at comprehensive schools 3schllo leaving age is 16 but can stay another 2 years prepare for higher education.Two basic types after 1945:It`s hoped children could go to the schools that would most suit them with bright students going to a more academic oriented grammar school and less able children to a secondary modern school.Assisted placed scheme of 1980s:1the conservative government set up the scheme in order to help bright children but of financially pressed families to enter independent schools.2now most population of independent school is day students 3a lot more students there study science and technology to meet the need of university and careers 4some public schools part of the independent sector begin to accept girls in order to gain able students.。
英语国家社会与文化期末试题三
英语国家社会与文化期末试题三第一篇：英语国家社会与文化期末试题三英语国家社会与文化期末试题三（燕山大学）发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-21 10:32共70人浏览[大] [中] [小]I.Fill in the blanks（20 points）1.Britain consists of（1）nations，including England，（2），（3），and（4）.2.To pursue Irish independence，the most spectacular event in the Irish history was（5）of 1916，in which the rebels occupied Dublin’s（6）and forced the British to take itby military means.3.The U.S.federal government consists of the following three branches：the（7），the（8）and the （9）.4.A government in Britain cannot stand for longer than（10）years except in exceptionalcircumstances.5.（11）was not conquered by the Romans，nor was it conquered by Anglo-Saxons.6.The UK economy can be broken down into three main areas：（12）industries，（13）industries and（14）industries.In Pharmaceuticals，the British company GlaxoWellcome is thebiggest（15）company in the world.ICI is the second largest （16）manufacturer in theworld.7.（17）set up the colony of Pennsylvania in America.（18）set up the colony ofMaryland.8.One of the developments brought about by the Industrial Revolution in America is theemergence of new forms of business organizations，notably the（19）and the（20）.II.Choose the correct answer from each of the following，and write down thecorresponding letter in the brackets.（20 points）（）1.Which of the following statements about the UK economy is NOT true？（A）Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.（B）Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.（C）There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.（D）Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.（）2.Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK？（A）beef cattle（B）diary cattle（C）chicken（D）sheep（）3.The “American system” of mass production was first used in.（B）textile industry（A）car industry（C）firearms industry（D）agriculture（）4.The latest technology that American farmers have adopted is.（A）artificial fertilizers（B）pesticide（C）tractors（D）computers（）5.Which group of people can NOT vote in the general election in Great Britain？（A）members in the house of Commons（B）Lords in the House of Lords（C）the UK citizens above the age of 18（D）the UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic （）6.Who is the last leader of the Labor party in Great Britain at present？（AC））John Harold（B）Tony Blair Major（（D）Margaret Thatcher Wilson（）7.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except.（A）challenging the authority of the Pope （B）salvation through faith（C）salvation through the church（D）establishing a direct contact with God（）8.Both public and private universities in the United States depend on the followingsources of income except.（B）student tuition（（AC））investmentendowments（D）government funding（）9.In the United States school systems，which of the following divisions is true？（A）elementary school，grammar school（B）elementary school，junior high school（C）elementary school，secondary school（D）junior high school，senior high school（）10.The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by.（A teachers（B）students（C）headmasters（D）boards of educationIII.Answer the following questions briefly.1.What are the major invasions in the British history？（8 points）2.What are the three major national parties in Great Britain？And what are the two majorpolitical parties in the U.S.？（5 points）3.Who cannot vote in the general election in the U.K.？（4 points）4.What is the background in the 16th and 17th century Europe against which the colonistsbegan to set up permanent settlements in North America？（6 points）IV.Matching（10 points）The left column is a list of people’s names，and the right one is some information aboutthese people.Match them and write down the letter of the information on the line before thenames.1.Robert Burnsa.the UK’s first womanPrime Minister and the former leader of the Conservative Party2.King Haroldb.the king of England in the5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back3.William Pennc.the leader of the SCLCduring the civil rights movement of the 1960s in the U.S.4.Lord Baltimore IId.an outlaw who hid himself in the forest and robbed from the rich to give the poor5.Richard Nixone.the Saxon king who was defeated and killed in the battle of Hasting in 10666.Robin Hoodf.a poet who wrote in Scots dialect and the author of“Auld Land Syne”7.King Arthurg.a legal political party in Northern Ireland which supports the IRA to fight for the union of Ireland8.Margaret Thatcherh.the founder of the colony of Maryland9.Martin Luther King，Jr.i.the former President of the U.S.，who was involved in the Watergate scandal10.Sinn Feinj.the man who set up the colony of PennsylvaniaV.Write an essay of about 300 words choosing from one of the following topics.（27 points）1.Make a comparison between the British educational system and the American educational system.2.What are the reasons forthe success of the American economy？3.What are the reasons for the problem in Northern Ireland？4.What do you think is the relationship between English language learning and culture study？ What can you learn from this course？第二篇：《主要英语国家社会与文化》学习心得《主要英语国家社会与文化》学习心得还记得大一下学期的校选修课我选的是《食物保健与养生》，上了第一节课后觉得老师说的十分乏味，完全是在读课本，结果睡了大半节课后决定再也不去浪费时间了，所以那期的选修课着实让我对“校公选课”产生了只是考试的时候在网上拷贝一篇论文混个学分就行了的感觉。
英语国家社会与文化入门英语专业期末复习题
英语国家社会与文化入门英语专业期末复习题英语国家社会与文化入门》模拟试题paper 31. Tick the correct answer in each of the following:1. Llywelgn ap Gruffudd is more than a simple historical figure for the W elsh. He is almost considered the legendary hero of Welsh nationalism b ecause英语国家社会与文化入门Test paper 31. Tick the correct answer in each of the following:1. Llywelgn ap Gruffudd is more than a simple historical figure for the W elsh. He is almost considered the legendary hero of Welsh nationalism b ecauseA. he became the first Prince of Wales in 1267.B. he brought the English under his control.C. he led a historic uprising against the English.D. he unified Wales as an independent nation.2. How many counties do you know there are in Northern Ireland?A. 26B. 6C. 32D. 203. Which of the following about the House of Commons in Britain is NO T true?A. Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. MPs receive salaries and some other allowance.C. MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.D. Most MPs belong to the major political parties.4. Who is the leader of the Labor party in Britain at present?A. John MajorB. Tony BlairC. Harold WilsonD. Margaret Thatc her5. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?A. BoeingB. Rolls RoyceC. McDonnel-DouglasD. Hawker-Siddel ey Aviation6. British Aerospace was the merger of which two companies?A. the British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley AviationB. the British Aircraft Corporation and Rolls RoyceC. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and GEC AvionicsD. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and Rolls Royce7. Which of the following was a Postmodernist writer?A. George OrwellB. Robert L. StevensonC. Jane AustenD. Virg inia Woolf8. Which of the following about hunting is NOT true?A. It had developed into a recreational activity in medieval England.B. Only men participated in the hunting.C. Modern hunters usually chase foxes nowadays.D. It is strongly objected by animal rights groups.9. Of which people is Robert Burn a national poet?A. Welsh peopleB. Irish peopleC. Scottish peopleD. Englis h people10. On which day is Halloween celebrated?A. 5 NovemberB. 31 OctoberC. 17 MarchD. 25 Decem ber11. Which of the following is NOT true about the Eisteddfod?A. The highlight is the crowning of the two bards.B. It is the largest popular festival of music-making and poetry writing i n Europe.C. "Address to a Haggis" is recited.D. Competitions are held to find the best choirs, translators, essayists and poets.12. Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities?A. Comprehensive schools.B. Secondary schools.C. Independent school.D. Grammar schools.13. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the situation of t he ethnic minorities in the UK?A. They are well-represented in the British parliament.B. They are economically poorer than the white population.C. They are treated unfairly by the justice system.D. They are threatened by some racist groups.14. Britain has its nuclear naval force sinceA. it's one of the developed countries in the world.B. it's a traditional sea power.C. it has an advanced industry.D. it's able to produce submarines.15. Which of the following about the tabloids is NOT true?A. They are big format newspaper.B. They are often called "the gutter press".C. They mainly deal in scandals and gossip about famous people.D. They carry stories with color photos and catchy headlines.16. ____ is Australia's largest trading partner.A. ChinaB. ASEAN countriesC. BritainD. Japan17. In which of the following areas Australia and America have disagree ments?A. Trade policies.B. American military presence in the Asian and Pacific region.C. Establishing diplomatic relations with P. R. China.D. Australia's membership in the UN Security Council.18. Diplomatic relations between Australia and China was established inA. the 1950s.B. the 1960s.C. the 1970s.D. the 1980s.19. _____is the largest segment of the Australian economy.A. The primary industry.B. The secondary industry.C. The tertiary industry.D. The food-processing industry.20. The largest manufacturing sector in Australia is _____A. the ship-building industry.B. the Australian aerospace indus try.C. the heavy engineering industry.D. the Australian food-process ing industry.21. The sole parent pension is available toA. all single parents.B. single people caring for children under 16 or recipients of the child disability allowance.C. single parents divorced with children under 16.D. divorced or widowed old women.22. Which of the following is NOT a part of the Australian social security programs?A. Tertiary education assistance.B. Age pensions.C. Pensions for war and defense widows.D. The child disability all owance.23. "No taxation without representation" was the rallying cry of _____A. the settlers of Virginia.B. the people of Pennsylvania.C. the colonists in New England.D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolutio n.24. The New Deal was started by ______A. Franklin Roosevelt.B. J. F. Kennedy.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.25. The latest technology that farmers have adopted is _________.A. artificial fertilizersB. pesticideC. tractorsD. computers26. _____does NOT belong to the "Lost Generation".A. John Dos PassosB. Ernest HemingwayC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. John Steinbeck27. _____was NOT written by Hemingway.A. Light in AugustB. The Sun Also RisesC. A Farewell to ArmsD. for Whom the Bell Tolls28. Which of the following is NOT a black author?A. Richard WrightB. Alan GinsbergC. James BaldwinD. Ralph Ellison29. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels in the l ate 19th and early 20th century with the exception of _____.A. Emily DickinsonB. Edith WhartonC. Willa CatherD. Kate C hopin30. The following writers represent new American voices except ______ _.A. Toni MorrisonB. Alice WalkerC. T. S. EliotD. Maxine Hon g Kingston31. To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except _.A. attending lectures and complete assignmentsB. passing examinationC. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyD. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college32. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of In dia's leader Gandhi, ______ was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 196 4.A. John F. KennedyB. James FarmerC. Ella BakerD. Martin L uther King, Jr.33. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called _____.A. the "Hippies"B. the "Beat Generation"C. the "Me Generation"D. the "Lost Generation"34. In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women were dissatisfied w ith their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of _____by ______, they found a voice.A. The Feminine Mystique, Betty FriedanB. Profile in Courage,Joh n F. KennedyC. The Other America, Michael HarringtonD. Catch in the Rye, J.D. Salinger35. _____made the first desktop PC.A. Bill GatesB. IBMC. Two young amateur inventorsD. Apple Computers36. _______made the first liquid propellant rocket.A. Robert H GoddardB. Na GermanyC. J. Robert OppenheimerD. US military37. ______ invented the telephone.A. Samuel F.B. Morse B. Alexander Graham BellC. Thomas Alva EdisonD. Reginald Fessenden38. The tradition of the vocal ballad which contributed to the blues form was usually accompanied by_____A. a guitar.B. a piano.C. a banjo.D. a trombone and a cymbal39. The Progressive Conservative Party was completely wiped out in the 1933 federal election becauseA. they offended the French-speaking people in Canada.B. they governed the entire country for too many years.C. they had bad management of the economy.D. they were unable to represent the country as a whole.40. "Triple alliance" in Jean-Charles Harvey's novel refer to the following except:A. capitalistsB. politiciansC. churchD. French separatism41. In which period have Canada's most famous and successful writers appeared?A. post-war periodB. period of nation-buildingC. early colonial periodD. pre-European period42. What idea is most powerfully presented in Margaret Laurence's work, making her highly representative of contemporary Canada?A. self-analysisB. women's positionC. cultural differenceD. politic al environment43. Which of the following novels was made into an extremely successfu l film in 1997?A. Lost in the BarrensB. The Two SolitudesC. The Handmaid's TaleD. The English Patient44. On the evidence of the past, Canada used to be so reluctant to get involved in Europeansquabbles that one prime minister even referred to the two world wars a s "the vortex of European militarism". Who made the remarks?A. Prime Minister Lester PearsonB. Prime Minister Wilfred La urierC. Prime Minister Pierre TrudeauD. Prime Minister Brian Mulr oney45. In 1917, the Canadian government introduced conscription, which res ulted in bitterresentment in the French-speaking province. Which of the following is th e correct name?A. British ColumbiaB. Nova ScotiaC. OntarioD. Quebec46. According to the author, Canada entered into its golden age of inter national diplomacy in the 1950s, the period of which was capped by ___ _.A. Canada's role in the Suez Crisis of 1956B. Canada's role in the World Trade OrganizationC. Canada's role in the NATOD. Canada's role in World Health Organization47. Who was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts made to intro duce a UN peacekeeping force into the Suez Canal region during the Cr isis of 1956?A. Brian MulroneyB. Pierre TrudeauC. John HolmsD. Lester P earson48. Whose administration worked especially hard for the international rec ognition of the People's Republic of China?A. Wilfred Laurier's administrationB. Lester Pearson's administratio nC. MacKine King's administrationD. Brian Mulroney's administration49. The Canada-U. S. relations are so close that Prime Minister Louis S t Laurent once said that it was like ______.A. a relationship between two teammates.B. a relationship between two brothers.C. a relationship between two business partners.D. a relationship between two farmers.50. One of the historic reasons that leads Canada to empathing with the problems the Third World countries face on their way to independence i s:A. its colonial pastB. its imperialist pastC. its feudal historyD. its socialist-oriented economy.II. Fill in the blanks:1. The full name of the United Kingdom is _________________________ _________________.2. The island of Great Britain is made up of ________________, ______ _____and__________.3. The United Kingdom has been a member of _____________________ _________since 1973.4. Britain is now a _____________society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of ___________________ethnicity.5. London plays a significant role in ________________economic and cul tural life. It's not only the financial ________of the nation, but also one of ___________major international financial centers in _______________ _.6. Britain consists of _____nations, including England, ________,______ and ______________.7. Britain is a country with a history of invasions. In 43 AD Britain was i nvaded by __________, in the late 8th century they experienced _______ __raids from Scandinavia and in the 11th century they suffered invasions from _____________.8. The Anglo-Saxon began to settle in Britain in _________century.9. The capital of Britain is ________, which has great influence on the UK in all fields including _____________, ____________ and _________ ____.10. Charles the First, king of Britain, was executed, because he attempt ed to ______________ in the English Revolution.11. Name two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally resp ected universities: __________________ and _______________.12. The battle of Bannockburn led by Robert the Bruce succeeded in wi nning the full independence of ______________.13. Both the Scottish and Welsh people elect their members of parliame nts to the London Parliament and each holds ____________and ______ _____ seats respectively.14. The capital of Scotland is ____________, which is well-known for its natural ___________.15. Although Wales is the smallest of the three nations on the ________ __ mainland, it's good at getting _________ from abroad, particularly Jap an and __________________.16. To pursue Irish independence, the most spectacular event in the Irish history was _________ of 1916, in which the rebels occupied Dublin's _______________ and forced the British to take it back by ___________ _.17. ____________, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.18.The UK is divided into ______constituencies with each of them repres ented by a member in _________________.19. The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors: _________ ___industries, secondary industries and _____________industries.20. One of the oldest of the early "old English" literary works is called _ ___________________.21. ___________is a rough, fast game which was invented in Britain whi le ___________is a more gentle sport which owes its origin to the Chur ch.22. Christmas commemorates ________________________, while ______ _____commemorates the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ.23. The two oldest universities in Britain are __________________ and ___________________.24. Like the housing system in the US and the wealthy English-speaking commonwealth, the UK has a very high proportion of _______________ __, which means that the people own the house they live in.25. When the Second World War was over, Britain was active in ______ ______the United Nations and became one of the _____permanent mem bers of __________________________.26. Britain has one of the world's oldest established ____________indust ries. The Observer, which appeared in 1791, is the world's oldest _____ ______newspaper, while The Times, which began publishing in 1785, is Britain's oldest______________newspaper.27. Australia, as the world's _________continent and _________island, h as a population which is _____________ in relation to its size.28. The smallest state is________________, an ___________in the sout hern corner of Australia. It is also the ___________island in Australia.29. Nearly 50 years ago, the Australian economy depended heavily on _ ________________. Today, the Australian economy is more __________________and _____________________. __________________________ g enerates two-thirds of its production.30. ________________________is the Australian media's leading sourcef overseas news.31. Seasons in New Zealand are opposite to the ___________________ ______, with the highest temperature in __________and __________, an d the lowest temperature in ______________.32. New Zealand's major exports are meat,________________, wood,___ _____, _____and fruit.33. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question "what is an American" in his book _______________________.34. After the War of Independence was won, the national government w as called ___________, and the agreement that guided the government was _________________________________.35. The first Secretary of Treasury of the United States was __________ __________________.36. "WASP" stands for__________________________________________ __________.37. _______________________ and _______________________are the t wo major American writers of the post-Revolutionary period.38. About ______percent of American students go to __________schools and _________percent attend private schools.39. On February 1, 1960, 4 black students from a black college in ____ ______________, North Carolina, began their protest against the racial s egregation laws by such tactics as _________, thus beginning the civil ri ghts movement.40. American society is a stratified one in which _____________, _____ ________ and _______ are unequally distributed among the population.41. The invention of the __________________by ____________________ made it possible to obtain higher profits from agriculture. US agriculture was moving away from subsistence farming towards a food marketing e nterprise.42. The Grand Canyon is carved away for nearly 6 million years by the waters of the _________ River.43. The two conferences for American football are AFC, which stands fo r __________________ and NFC, which stands for __________________ ______.44. Jazz music, as a musical form, was initially performed and appreciat ed by ______________.45. In area, Canada is the __________________country on earth.46. Canada preferred to establish a nation based on ____________, ___ _______and ________.47. Many people use the notion that American society is a ___________ _______ while Canada is described as a __________________________.48. Industry in Canada can be divided into three main groups:natural re sources (_____________________);manufacturing (_________________); and service (_________) industries. In 1990, the primary sector, includin g ____________, ____________, forestry and ________________account ed for 10 percent of Canada's Gross Domestic Product. Secondary indus tries, including manufacturing, ______________, transport and _________ __________, made up 36 percent of GDP; and the _____________secto r of trade, ____________________, service and public administration, ac counted for nearly 54 percent of GDP.49. In Canadian literature Margaret Atwood sees a very common concer n with the idea of ___________, and she says that this idea represents the central symbol of Canadian literature.50. According to the author, it was Canada that "invented" the concept of _____________ and convinced the world to put pressure on South Afri ca's __________________policies.。
英语国家社会与文化入门知识考点总结
Unit1.（选择、判断、填空）1. The flag of Britain :Union Jack2. The capital of each country :3. The time joining the British parliament:However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.4. Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England:British Isles:the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding islesUK=Great Britain + Northern IrelandGreat Britain =England +Scotland + Wales5. The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire.Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.the Angle-Saxon invaded.Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land",later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.the Vikings invaded.Result in a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England, which can be expressed as "Saxon" versus "Dane".the Normans , William of Normandy invaded this country.Result: This marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invadingLondon: (P18)Unit2（选择、判断、填空）Northern Ireland (often called "Ulster"after an ancient Irish kingdom)1. Activities to seek Irish independence :Home -ruleThe Easter Rising of 1916: was the most spectacular event, in which the rebels took over Dublin's Post Office, forcing the British to retake it by military means.2. Political parties:the Sinn Fein partySDLP: Social Democratic and Labour PartyIRA: Irish Republican Army (illegal)3. Political troubles in Northern Ireland (famous):Indigenous Roman Catholicsv s. Protestant immigratesPartition(分割) : The southern 26 counties would form an independent "free state", while the 6 north-eastern counties would remain a part of the UK.(即26 Republic Ireland ,6 Northern Ireland )4. the Good Friday Agreement 了:( 解下，P36)Unit 31. Process of state building:The process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution.2. The oldest institution of government in Britain :Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.3. Divine right of kings :It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.4. Magna Carta :limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power.5. the Bill of Rights :ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. ( William of Oran时ge 期)6. The Constitution :(P49)7. The functions of parliament (: P49)8. Parliament:The queen : (symbolised ,traditional )She is legally head of the executive, anin tegral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, commander in chief of the armed forces and "supreme governor" of the Church of England，a confidante to the Prime Ministe(r 了解下)The House of Lords ：do not receive salaries，both sexist and elitist 了( 解下) Lords Spiritual hereditary peersLords Temporal life peersThe House of Commons (P49) 重要Unit41. The importance of general elections:(P67重) 要2. The electoral campaigns :(P67)3. The formation of the government :(P67)4. The class system in theUK:(P67)5. Ethnic relations in the UK:(P67) 了解下6. The main political parties in the UK:The Conservative party( newest) : setting up the National Health ServiceThe Labour party :From 1979 to 1997,t he Conservative Party won 4 elections in row The Liberal Democrats: a party of the "middle"Margaret-Thatcher 改革(There were also negative consequence了s)解下Unit5(判断、选择、填空)1、Absolute Decline2、Relative Decline of the UK economy: (P81)重要3、the reason for its relative decline 了:(解下)the country had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the warthe era of empire was overLarge military expensesOutdated industries and less-competitive productsA lack of close relationship between industry and banks4. The division of British industries :Primary industries （mining industry 矿业）Secondary industries （steelindust钢ry铁业）Tertiary industries （insurance保险，the selling of goods）5. The City: The name given to the historic area at the centre of London6. The London Stock ExchangeT: he heart of the City（伦敦的中心是伦敦城，伦敦城的中心是伦敦证券交易所）Unit6（填空、选择、判断）1. Beowulf :One of the oldest of these early "Old English" literary works is a long poem from Anglo-Saxon times called Beowulf.2. Geoffrey Chauce：r The Canterbury Tales3. Elizabethan Drama:Marlowe ：The Tragical History of Dr FaustusWilliam Shakespeare：Romeo and Juliet The Taming of the ShrewHamlet A Midsummer Night's Dream tragedies Othello comedies Twelfth Night重要）King Lear The TempestMacbeth.history plays：Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caes，ar Antony and Cleopatra4. The 17th Century:John Milton : Paradise Lost5. The 18th Century:Jonathan Swift :Gulliver's Travels6. The Romantic Period:William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridg：eLyrical Ballads ( marked the beginning of the Romantic Period.)George Gordon, Lord ByronThree men John KeatsPercy Bysshe Shelley7. The Nineteenth Century Novel:Mary Shelley :FrankensteinSense and SensibilityJane Austen Pride and PrejudiceEmmaCharlotte : Jane Eyrethe Bronte sisters Emily: Wuthering HeightsAnnElizabeth Gaskell :N orth and SouthOliver TwistCharles Dickens David CopperfieldGreat ExpectationsThe Return of the NativeThomas Hardy Tess of the D' UrbervillesJude the Obscure8. Female writers in the 1th9 century of Britain:Mary ShelleyJane Austenthe Bronte sistersElizabeth Gaskell9.20th Century Literature :Twentieth century literature can be broadly divided into two stylistic periodMs:o dernism,and Postmodernism.Joseph Conrad：The Heart of DarknessMrs. DallowayVirginia Woolf To the LighthouseOrlandoA Room of One's OwnD. H. Lawrence :S ons and LoversUnit71. The purpose of the British education system:①provide children with literacy and the other basic skills②socialise children③children are taught practical skills④learn the rules and values⑤participate in the community⑥contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.2. The influence of the church on schooling: education was voluntary and many of the schools that existed were set up by churches.religious education was the only subjectDaily prayers and singing hymns is still a regular part of school life3. The National Curriculum：All children throughout the country must study the following subjects: English,mathematics, science, religious education, history, geography, technology, music, art, physical education, and a modern foreign language.All children throughout the country must pass national tests and schools.All teachers are told what to teach and their schools are now ranked according to how well they perform this task.4.State school:93% of pupils receive free education from the public sector.5.Independent school(public schools/ private school):Independent schools are not part of the national education system.Etor schoolLarrow schoolWinchester college6. Comprehensive school:Entrance exams were abolished.Such schools provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature and sciences, to more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.7. Grammar schoo：lThose who show academic potential are admitted to the grammar schools where the emphasis is on advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools.8. GCSE：General Certificate of Secondary Education9. GCEA ：General Certificate of Education-Advanced10. GNVQs ：General National Vocational Qualifications11. The universities in Britain：British universities are public bodie，s except one university, the University of Buckingham.12. The Open University：The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree , through textbooks, tv and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, residential schools and a network of study centres.Unit81. Countries to establish UN:2. The permanent members of the UN Security Council:the Soviet Union, the United States, China ,France, UK3. The foundations of Britain's foreign policy:The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits4. The making of Britain's foreign polic:y(P128)5. The relationship between Britain and the E U(P128)The decision joined the EEC ( psychological , natural , controversial )The UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty to a European government.6. The commonwealth: Britain is also a member of the Commonwealth, a voluntary association of states .There are 50 members of the Commonwealthhich is made up mostly of former British colonies.7. NATO ( North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ) :protect member states against aggressionThe purpose of NATO provide a foundation for security in Europeprovide a forum for transatlantic defence cooperation8.Special relationship with US h:as gone through many up and downs9.Independent nuclear weapons capability:Britain is a traditional sea power.Unit91. The division of British media: (降序排列)①TV②Newspaper (In Britain, most advertising is carried in newspapers)③Radio④Magazine2. The functions of the British media:①Entertainment②Provide British people with information about political and social issues③Provide weather reports④Carry advertising⑤Used for educational purposes⑥Provide a forum for people to write letters or phone in to express their views or seek advice⑦Help Britain engender national culture3.Oldest newspaper:The world's oldest national newspaper : The ObserverThe British oldest daily newspaper: The TimesThe very names of British newspapers-The Times, The Observer, The Guar—diasntill suggest that the function of the paper is to offer the electorate objective reports about what is happening in the country4. Papers issued internationally:The Financial Times is printed in Frankfurt, France, Hong Kong, New Jersey, Los Angeles, Tokyo and Madrid. ( (Daily)Telegraph / The News of the World )5. Quality press and gutter press:The Daily TelegraphThe Times6. Fleet street:It is also known as the Street of Shame7. BBC:(P144)Unit101.Sports born in Britain :Cricket, football, lawn tennis, golf, rugbyFA Cup:(Football Association Cup)2.Football violent sportGentle sport3. Tennis WimbledonWimbledon is where the world's best players gather to compete on gracsosu rts. It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.4. Cricket:Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organised rules and to be The Sun gutter pressThe Guardian The ObserverQuality pressplayed according to the same rules nationally.5. Golf:The game of golf was invented by the Scottish.6. Horse sports:Flat racingHorse racing steeplechasingThe Grand NtionalThe Royal Asot : people usually dress up and show off their fashionable cloth and elaborate hats for the social eventEquestrianismHunting7. Three traditions of Christmas(P: 163)the Christmas Pantomimethe Queen's Christmas messagethe Boxing Day : Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants.8. Religious holiday:crucifixion n and resurrection of Jesus Christ EasterChristmas9. National Holidays:---- Queen's Birthday"trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace10. Holidays in the 4 nations:England:Guy Fawkes Night (the Bonfire Night, celebrated in November) Northern Ireland:St Patrick's Day(March 17)Orange Marches,Battle of the Boyne (July 12) Scotland:Hogmanay (12.31)Burns Supper(1.25)Halloween (10.31)Wales:The Eisteddfod: festival of music making and poetry。
英语国家社会与文化期末试题二
I. Choose the correct answer from each of the following， and write down the corresponding l etter in the brackets. 〔20 points〕〔〕1. Which of the following about the House of Lords is NOT true？A. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B. It consists of the Lords of Spiritual and the Lords of Temporal.C. The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.D. Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males.〔〕2. Where is the international tennis championship held？A. Wembley.B. Wimbledon.C. St AndrewsD. Clapham.〔〕3.. In 1960s in the U.S.， the one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called .A. the “Hippies〞B. the “Beat Generation〞C. the “Me Generation〞D. the “Lost Generation〞〔〕4. Which group of people can NOT vote in the general election in Great Britain？A. members in the house of CommonsB. Lords in the House of LordsC. the UK citizens above the age of 18D. the UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic〔〕5. Which of the following is the world’s oldest national newspaper？A. The Times.B. The Observer.C. The Guardian.D. The Financial Times〔〕6. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except____A. George Washington.B. Thomas Jefferson.C. William Penn.D. Benjamin Franklin.〔〕7. In order to go to university， secondary school students in the U.S.must meet t he following requirements except that ________.A .they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB they make good impressions during the interviewsC. They get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examination.〔〕8. In the United States， people go to church mainly for the following reasons exc ept ________.A. for finding a job in society.B. for having a place in a community.C. for identifying themselves with dominant values.D. for getting together with friends.〔〕9. The “American system〞 of mass production was first used in .A. car industryB. textile industryC. firearms industryD. agriculture〔〕10. Which of the following is NOT a power of American president？A. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.C. The president can make laws.D. The president has broad powers， with the executive branch， to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.IV. Fill in the blanks 〔15%〕11. Britain consists of _ nations， including England，，， and .12. One of the developments brought about by the Industrial Revolution in America is the emergence of new forms of business organizations， notably the and the .13. Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income： ____________， endow ments， and ________________.14. The congress is divided into ____________________ with _______ members who serve two -year terms， and _________________________with _______lawmakers who serve six-year terms.15. _____________________ is one of the busiest share-dealing centers in the world.16. The Supreme Court is composed of______ chief justice and _________associate justice.II. Explain the following in English〔30%〕17 .Open University19.the function of British parliament20.the Bill of Rights21.the “Lost Generation〞22.the Declaration of Independence23.“WASP〞 culture24.semi-detached houses26.The Canterbury TalesV. Answer the following questions briefly. 〔35points〕27. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U. S. governm ent？ How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other？〔10%〕28.How to identify people of different classes in British society？〔8%〕29.What factors contribute to the success of American business and industry？〔10%〕30.Hamlet is one of the best-known tragedies by William Shakespeare， what do you know a bout the play？〔7%〕本文档局部内容来源于网络，如有内容侵权请告知删除，感谢您的配合！。
英语国家社会与文化复习资料
英语国家社会与文化复习资料英语国家社会与文化复习资料一、完形填空（每空2分，共40分）1.England is a highly ____1____ country,with more than 80% of its population living in cities,and about 2% of the popul ation working in agriculture.2.The first permanent settlement in North America was establi shed, intoday's __2__ in the year of 1607.3.The American transcendentalist, _____3______- published a sta rtlingbook called Nature he claimed by studying and respectin g to nature individual could reach a higher spiritual state without form religion.4.The U.S. federal government consist of the following three branches____4____the legislative and the judicial.5.One advantage of corporation over sole proprietorship and p artnership is that it has _____5___,so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets6.The best -known stock exchange is ___6_________located in W all Street area of New York City.7.WASP stands for ______7_______.8.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from _______8______,Italy and Poland.9._______9______, they refer to the five novels written by F ennimoreCooper.10.A collection of poems written by_____10____, it is a grou nd-breaking book. That is Leaves of Grass.11.An jazz music ensemble of musicians consists of two secti ons: the front line and ____11_____.12.M.B.A and G.R.E. stand for Master of Business Administration and _______12______ in U.S. education.13.In the U.S., B.A. and B.S. stand for Bachelor of Arts a nd _______13________in higher education.14.The two most well known computer companies are IBM and_ ____14____in the United States.15.In the 11th century Britain was invaded by a group of__1 5____ fromnorthern France .16.Two Scottish cities which have a ancient and international ly respected universities _______16________ and Glasgow.17.The Britain, the official head of state is now the Kingwhile thereal center of political life is in ______17__ ______.18.The British Constitution consists of _____18________,the c ommon laws and conventions.19.In jazz music major musical instrument include violin,_____ 19_____,piano,trombone, cymbal,bell, hollow wooden block,chimes ,drum,guitar etc.20.In the American education , A.A. stands for ____20______.二、单选题（每小题2分，共20分）1.Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces t hat led tothe modem development of Europe?A.The growth of capitalism.B.The Renaissance.C.The Religious Reformation.D.Tile spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.2.Who was the first to start the Religious Revolution that brought about the modern development of Europe?A.Martin LutherB.John CalvinC.John LockeD.John Adams3.Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A.separation of state and church.B.respect of education.C.intolerant moralism.D.a sense of mission.4.The theory of Americmainly fromA.George Washington.B.Thomas Jefferson.C.John Adams.D.John Locke.5.Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestan tism?A.Catholics.B.Puritans.C.Quakers.D.Church of England.6.Which of the following was NOT the cause that brought a bout the development of American Industrial Revolution.A.introduction of factory systemB.system of mass productionC.construction of railroadD.religious liberty7.Service industry does not include_______________.A.BankingB.management consultationC.AirlineD.steelmaking8.One of the problems with American agriculture that criticsaccusesboth corporate and family farmers of damaging the __ ________.A.tourism attractionB.environmentC.cultural balanceD.economic development9.The latest technology that farmers have adopted is ________A.artificial fertilizersB.pesticideC.tractors/doc/ae17297419.html,puters10.Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?A.The Baptists.B.The Catholics.C.The Methodists.D.The Presbyterians.三、名句解释（每小题5分，共15分）1.Allegory: A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.2.Alliteration: The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry.3. Allusion: A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to. An allusion may be drawn from history, geography, literature, or religion.四、作文题（25分）题目：我所拥有的东西（The Things I Have）Simply state the happiness you have in modern times.答案一、完形填空（每空2分，共40分）1.urbanized2.Virginia3.Ralph Waldo Emerson4.the executive5.limited liability6.New York Stock Exchange7.8.Ireland9.10.Walt Whitman11.the percussion12.Graduate Record Examination13.14.Apple15.the Normans16.Edinburgh17.the House of Commons18.statute law19.clarinet20.Associate of Arts二、(2 point each)1- 5 DAADA 6-10 DDBAB三、名句解释（每小题5分，共15分）1. Allegory: A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.寓言：用诗歌或散文讲的故事，在这个故事中人物、事件或背景往往代表抽象的概念或道德品质。
《英语国家社会与文化》期末考试题型与考试范围
2015-2016学年第一学期《英语国家社会与文化》期末考试题型与出题范围考试时间：第17周，具体时间待定考试地点：待定考试形式：闭卷试卷卷面满分：100分考试题型及参考范围：1. 选择题（Multiple Choice）40% [共20题，每题2分]* [《学习手册》中英国、美国、加拿大三个国家的每个单元的选择题：其中不包括美国部分的Unit 5 Economy，也不包括各个单元选择题中选项是数字题的题目。
]2. 判断题（True or False）20%[共10题，每题2分]* [《学习手册》中英国、美国、加拿大三个国家的每个单元的判断题：其中不包括美国部分的Unit 5 Economy。
]3. 填空题（Gap-filling）15%[共10题，每题1.5分]* [一部分题目选自课本，一部分题目是从《学习手册》中英国、美国、加拿大三个国家的每个单元的选择题和判断题中选取改成填空题：其中不包括美国部分的Unit 5 Economy，也不包括各个单元选择题中选项是数字题的题目。
]4. 简答题（Simple Questions）15% [共3题，每题5分]5. 论述题（Essay Question）10% [共1题，每题10分]* [简答题和论述题：学习手册中英国、美国、加拿大三部分的Simple Questions 和Essay Questions 部分。
具体范围见本文档后的附录。
此外论述题是为综述题，不完全是学习手册原题，需要考生作综合论述和更深入分析]附录：简答题和论述题考试范围（《学习手册》）第4页第3题第6页第2题第12页第8、2题第18页第2题第21页第10题第27页第2题第34页第2题第42页第5题第47页第4题第48页第2题第53页第2题第55页第2题第59页第4题第60页第5题第67页第1题第75页第3题第76页第2题第83页第2题第84页第6题第90页第2题第91页第1题第110页第3题第111页第1题第122页第5题第123页第7题第128页第5题第130页第2题第134页第4题第135页第1题第144页第3题第167页第1题第168页第7题第169页第4题。
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英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料D. They represented the aristocrats as well as the communities. 英语国家社会与文化入门期末考试复习资料8. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?Test paper 1 A. James II B. William of Orange C. Oliver Cromwell D. George I 1. Tick the correct answer in each of the following: 9. Which of the following is NOT true about the Constitution? 1. Which is the largest city in Scotland? A. It is a document which lists out the basic principles for government. A. Cardiff B. Edinburgh C. Glasgow D. Manchester B. It is the foundation of British government today.2. Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish state in the C. Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution. ninth century? D. The common laws are part of the Constitution.A. They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids. 10. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to winB. They felt it necessary to develop their own industry. the election?C. They were threatened by the Anglo-Saxons' invasion. A. 651 B. 326C. 626D. 351D. They had to do it in order to resist the English. 11. Which ofthe following party adopts a "fatherly" sense of obligation to thepoorer people 3. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? in the society?A. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland A. the Conservative party B. the Liberal Democrats 4. Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and C. the Party of Wales D. the Labor party organized a partition of Ireland, because 12. Which of the following description about the Conservative party is NOT true? A. the British government wouldn't be able to control Ireland any longer by force. A. It has been in power for an unusually long period of time. B. the British government intended to satisfy both sides ----- Catholics as well as Protestants. B. It prefers policies that protect individual's rights. C. Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland. C. It receives a lot of the funding from big companies. D. Protestants welcomed the idea of partition. D. It is known as a party of high taxation levels.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? 13. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?A. Sinn Fein is the legal political Party in Northern Ireland. A. in the southeast of EnglandB. in the northeast of England B. Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called Unionists.C. in the southeast of ScotlandD. in the northeast of Scotland C. Social Democratic and Labor Party is a very important political Party in Britain. 14. Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector? D. Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are calledLoyalists. A. Shell B. ICI C. RTZ D. British Gas 6. In the early 1970s, the IRA 15. Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK? A. killed many Protestants and Catholics. B. burned down the houses of Catholics. A. Ford B. Peugeot C. Rover D. BMW C. murdered individuals at random. 16. Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism? D. carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their main A. Keats B. Shelley C. Wordsworth D. E. M. Foster target. 17. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? 7. Which of the following is NOT true about the Great Council? A. Dr. Faustus B. Hamlet C. Frankenstein D. Sense and Sensibility A. They included barons and representatives from countries and towns. 18. Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist? B. They were sometimes summoned by the kings to contribute money. A. D. H. Lawrence B. Charles Dickens C. Robert L. Stevenson D. Walter Scott C. They later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet.119. Where is the international tennis championships held? A. It's open to everybody.A. WembleyB. WimbledonC. St AndrewsD. Clapham B. It requires no formal educational qualifications. 20. Which of the following was the first team sport to have organized rules? C. No university degree is awarded.A. footballB. cricketC. horse racingD. tennis D. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc. 21. Whichof the following is NOT true about cricket in Britain? 28. Which of the following about the terraced houses is NOT true? A. It is now still a snobbish game played by aristocratic people. A. They are most common in suburban areas.B. Its rules are rather obscure. B. They are usually two-storey houses joined at each side.C. The matches last for a few days. C. They often have a small concrete yard at the back.D. The players appear tobe quite formally dressed. D. They were originally built for factory workers.22. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen's birthday? 29. Which of the following about the "semis" is true? A. bonfires B. the Orange March C. Trooping the Color D. masquerades A. They usually have gardens at all side.23. Which of the following is true about the Guy Fawkes Night? B. They normally stand together in pairs.A. It is celebrated by Scottish people in November. C. They are usually located in fashionable areas in the city.B. It is celebrated by English people in November. D. They are considered as the most desirable home by British people.C. It is celebrated by Scottish people in August.30. Which of the following about class system in the UK is NOT true? D. It is celebrated by English people in August. A. People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspaper. 24. Which of thefollowing is true about the Gunpowder Plot? B. Class-division is only decided by people's income. A. It was planned to kill the Protestant king and replace him with a Catholic king. C. Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person's life-chances. B. It was planned to kill the Catholic king and replace him with a Protestant king. D. The way people speak identifies themselves to particular class.31. The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by the following factors except C. It was planned to kill King Billy and replace him with King James II.A. its imperial history.B. its geopolitical traits. D. It was planned to kill King James II and replace him with King Billy.C. its special relationship with the United States.D. its schizophrenic attitude to Europe. 25. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?32. Which of the following is NOT involved in making the British foreign policy? A. The University of Cambridge. B. The University of Oxford.C. The University of Edinburgh.D. The University of Buckingham. A. The Queen of Britain B. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 26. Which of the following is NOT true? C. The Prime Minister and Cabinet. D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury. A. Parents send their children to public schools because they are rich. 33. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in B. Parents send theirchildren to public schools because their children can get better jobs A. the Commonwealth.B. the Europ0ean Economic Community. when they leave school.C. the United Nation, the European Union, NATO, etc. C. Parents send their children to public schools because can have a better chance of gettingD. a European federal government. into a good university.34. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy D. Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools. because27. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University? A. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.2B. it informs people about current affairs in the world. D. The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations andC. it provides people with subjective reports.directives regarding the work of the federal departments.D. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament. 43. The UnitedStates was rated No. 1 in terms of production capacity in the world ____.35. In Britain most advertising is carried A. in 1920 B. in 1950 C. in 1945 D. in 1960 A. in newspapers. B. on television C. in maganes. D. on radio. 44. Service industry does not include _______.36. Which of the following about the BBC is NOT true? A. banking B. management consultation C. airline D. steelmaking A. There is no advertising on any of the BBC programs. 45. The United States wasrated___ in the world in terms of land area and the size of B. The BBCis funded by license fees paid by people who possess televisionreceiving sets. population.C. The BBC has four television channels. A. second B. third C.fourth D. fifth D. The BBC provides the World Service throughout the world. 46. Which of the following is true?37. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ____ A. Many Catholics are not opposed to abortion.A. challenging the authority of the Pope.B. salvation through faith.B. Many evangelical Protestants do not object to abortion.C. salvation through the church.D. establishing a direct contactwith God. C. Orthodox Jews are for abortion.38. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism? D. Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic A. separation of state and church.B. respect of education. right for women.C. intolerant moralismD. a sense of mission. 47. Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy? 39. Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed because __________ A. The Catholic Church. B. The Protestant Episcopal Church. A. there were more Protestant thanCatholics in Maryland. C. The United Methodist Church. D. JewishCongregations. B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible. 48. The following are distinctively American features of religion except _____ C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.A. Various religious groups have coexisted in the U. S. more harmoniously than Europe. D. the English king did not like the plan.B. Scientific and economic advance and material prosperity have not been accompanied by a 40. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, decline in religious faith.A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.B. there was noBill of Rights. C. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religion argument in the U. S. C. the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and D. There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the U. S. privileges of citizens. 49. Whitman's poetry has the following characteristics except ___. D. a "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution 4 years after the Constitution was made. A. fragmented haunting images B. long irregular lines 41. Which of the following isthe only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal C. celebrating the American spirit D. free-flowing structure taxes? 50. Mark Twain's works are characterized by the following except ___. A. The executive. B. The legislative. C. The Judicial. D. The president. A. sense of humor B. egotism C. jokes D. tall tales 42. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president? 51. Three of the followingare characteristics of Emily Dickenson's poems. Which one is A. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress. not?B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur. A. Her poems mix gaiety and gloom.C. The president can make laws. B. Her verses are filled with the names of faraway, exotic places.3C. Her poems are very long and powerful. 59. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?D. Her poems show that she was fascinated by both life and death. A. bribery B. tax evasion C.false advertising D. robbery 52. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education? 60. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Universities and collegesB. Research institutions A. TheNorthern states had outlawed slavery by 1830.C. Technical institutionsD. Undergraduate institutions B. Slavery was finally abolished in the South in 1865.53. Three of the following factors have contributed to theflourishing of large universities in C. The Northern states did not have racial discrimination. America, which is the exception? D. Segregation laws continued to be enforced in Southern states until the 1950s. A. Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities forscientific research. 61. ____ had the title "the Wizard of Menlo Park".B. Large universities provide students with "mainframe" computers. A. Thomas A Edison B. John StevensC. Charlie ChaplinD. Robert Fulton C. Large universities offer scholarships to all students. 62.____contributed to the development of the American system of manufacture in the D. Large universities attract students with modern laboratories. twentieth century.54. Nearly all students want to get into more desirable institutions because ____. A. James K Maxwell B. Cyrus H McCormick C. Lee De Forest D. Henry Ford A. they find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of them 63. When was voice and music firsttransmitted over the radio? B. they enjoy the high prestige of these institutions A. 1901 B. end of 19th century C. New Year's Eve 1905 D. Christmas Eve 1905 C. they like the teachers and surroundings in these institutions 64. One of the oldest towns (landed in 1513) in the US is____. D. they prefer to have the Scholastic Aptitude Tests A. New York B. Boston C. Philadelphia D. St Augustine 55. In addition to such tacticsas sit-ins, young students also added ________ to educate 65. TheGranite State in the US is _____.people about the war in Vietnam. A. New Hampshire B. New York State C. Pennsylvania D. Florida A. teach-in B. rock 'n' roll music C. class boycott D. "march against fear" 66. ______ was twice the site of Winter Olympics.56. According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and A. Schroon Lake B. Lake Placid C. Atlanta D.Washington, D. C. the people to fight against Southern segregation. Which is the exception? 67. In playing basketball, when the player bounces the ball on the floor as he moves around A. the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee the court, this is called ___.B. the Congress of Racial Equality A. pass B. walkC. stealD.dribble C. the Southern Christian Leadership Conference 68. In playing basketball, misbehavior or unsportsmanlike actions may result in ____. D. the Student for a Democratic Society A. time out B. overtime C.technical foul D. foul 57. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 69. Which of thefollowing is not a team game?28, 1963 when _____ delivered his "I have a Dream" speech. A. volleyball B. bowling C. soccer D. field hockey A. John F. Kennedy B. President Johnson C. Martin Luther King, Jr. D. Mario Savio 70. The complex drumming in the rhythm section of early jazz music was brought over to 58. Three of the following factors contribute to the higherarrest rates among minority groups. America by ___.Which is the exception? A. Spanish missionaries from Europe. B.Black slaves from West Africa A. The aggressive nature of these groups.B. Racial prejudice against them.C. British colonists from Asia.D. the Creole from the West India C. Low social status of these groups. 71. Blues was derived from a blend of field chantey and spiritual which is____. D. Poverty and unemployment among minority groups. A. a form of rock' n' roll singing popular among American teenagers4B. a form of operatic singing originated from Southern European countries 13. Both the Scottish and Welsh people elect their members of parliaments to the LondonC. a form of country music singing Parliament and each holds ____________and ___________ seats respectively.D. a form of hymn singing prevalent in African-American Christian churches 14. The capital of Scotland is ____________, which is well-known for its natural 72. Recording groups such as the Hot Five and the Hot Seven organized by Louis Armstrong ___________.made a series of recordings which represent ____. 15. Although Wales is the smallest of the three nations on the __________ mainland, it's A. the origin of the Chicago style jazz B. the influence of New Orleansstyle jazz good at getting _________ from abroad, particularly Japan and __________________. C. the beginning of the New York style jazz D. the impact of ragtime music 16. To pursue Irish independence, the most spectacular event in the Irish history was_________ of 1916, in which the rebels occupied Dublin's_______________ and forced the II. Fill in the blanks:1.The full name of the United Kingdom is British to take it back by____________.__________________________________________. 17. ____________, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his 2. The island of Great Britain is made up of ________________, rule in 829.___________and__________. 18.The UK is divided into______constituencies with each of them represented by a member 3. The United Kingdom has been a member of ______________________________sincein _________________.1973. 19. The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors:____________industries, 4. Britain is now a _____________society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are secondary industries and_____________industries.of ___________________ethnicity. 20. One of the oldest of the early "old English" literary works is called 5. London plays a significantrole in ________________economic and cultural life. It's not____________________.only the financial ________of the nation, but also one of___________major international 21. ___________is a rough, fast gamewhich was invented in Britain while ___________is a financial centers in ________________. more gentle sport which owes its origin to the Church.6. Britain consists of _____nations, including England, ________,______and 22. Christmas commemorates ________________________, while ______________. ___________commemorates the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ. 7. Britain is a country with a history of invasions. In 43 AD Britain was invaded by 23. The two oldestuniversities in Britain are __________________ and __________, in thelate 8th century they experienced _________raids from Scandinavia and___________________.in the 11th century they suffered invasions from _____________. 24. Like the housing system in the US and the wealthy English-speaking commonwealth, the 8. The Anglo-Saxon began to settle in Britain in_________century. UK has a very high proportion of _________________, which means that the people own 9. The capital of Britain is ________, which has great influence on the UK in all fields the house they live in.including _____________, ____________ and _____________. 25. Whenthe Second World War was over, Britain was active in ____________the UnitedNations and became one of the _____permanent members of 10. Charlesthe First, king of Britain, was executed, because he attempted to __________________________. ______________ in the English Revolution.26. Britain has one of the world's oldest established____________industries. The Observer, 11. Name two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally respected universities:which appeared in 1791, is the world's oldest ___________newspaper, while The Times, __________________ and _______________.12. The battle of Bannockburn led by Robert the Bruce succeeded in winning the full which began publishing in 1785, is Britain's oldest______________newspaper. independence of ______________. 27. In 1782,the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question "whatis an5American" in his book _______________________. 2. England; Scotland; Wales 3. European Union 28. After the War of Independence was won, the national government was called 4. multiracial; non-European 5. Britain's; center; the three; the world ___________, and the agreement that guided the government was 6. four; Scotland; Wales; Northern Ireland 7. the Roman empire; Vikings; the Normansth_________________________________. 9. London; government; economy; culture 8. the 529. The first Secretary of Treasury of the United States was 10. overrule the parliament 11. Glasgow; Edinburgh____________________________. 12. Scotland 13. 72; 38 30. "WASP" stands for ____________________________________________________. 14. Edinburgh; beauty 15. British; investment; America 31. _______________________ and _______________________are the two major 16. the Easter Rising; Post Office; military means American writers of the post-Revolutionary period.17. King Egbert 18. 651; the parliament 32. About ______percent of American students go to __________schools and 19. primary;tertiary/service 20. Beowulf _________percent attend private schools. 21. Football; tennis 22. the birth of Jesus Christ; Easter 33. On February 1, 1960, 4 black students from a black college in __________________, 23. Oxford; Cambridge 24. owner-occupation North Carolina, began theirprotest against the racial segregation laws by such tactics as 25.setting up; the five; the UN Security Council 26. newspaper; national; daily_________, thus beginning the civil rights movement. 27. Letters from an American Farmer34. American society is a stratified one in which _____________,_____________ and 28. the Congress; the Articles of Confederation_______ are unequally distributed among the population. 29. Alexander Hamilton35. The invention of the __________________by ____________________ made it possible 30. White Anglo-Saxon Protestantto obtain higher profits from agriculture. US agriculture was moving away from subsistence 31. Washington Irving; James Fenimore Cooper farming towards a food marketing enterprise. 32. 85; public; 1533. Greensboro; sit-ins 36. The Grand Canyon is carved away for nearly 6 million years by the waters of the34. power; wealth; prestige _________ River.35. the mechanical reaper; Cyrus H McCormick 37. The two conferences for American football are AFC, which stands for36. Colorado __________________ and NFC, which stands for________________________.38. Jazz music, as a musical form, was initially performed and appreciated by 37. American Football Conference; National Football Conference ______________. 38. African-AmericansKeys to test paper 11.C2.A3.B4.B5.C6.D7.C8.B9.A 10.B11.A 12.D. 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.B 20.B21.A 22.C 23.B 24.A 25.D 26.D 27.C 28.A 29.B 30.B31.D 32.A 33.C 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.A 39.D 40.A 41.B 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.D 49.A 50.B 51.C 52.B53.C 54.A 55.A 56.D 57.C 58.A 59.D 60.C 61.A 62.D63.D 64.D 65.A 66.B 67.D 68.C 69.B 70.B 71.D 72.AII. Fill in the blanks:1. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 6。