人教版英语必修四新素养同步讲义：Unit 2 Working the land 4 Section ⅣGrammar含答案

Section ⅣGrammar

动词-ing形式作主语和宾语

1．(教材P10)Since then, finding(find) ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.

2．(教材P10)As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing(increase) the rice output.

3．(教材P10)Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding(expand) the area of the fields.

4．(教材P10)He enjoys listening(listen) to violin music, playing(play) mah-jong, swimming(swim) and reading(read)．

5．(教材P10)He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing(produce) a kind of rice that could feed more people.

6．It is no use arguing(argue) with him about such a matter.

概念：动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。

动词-ing形式的时态和语态：

语态

主动语态被动语态

时态

一般式doing being done

完成式having done having been done

句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。

动词-ing形式作主语

1．动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。

◆Saying is one thing, and doing is another.

说是一回事，而做是另一回事。

◆Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.

大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。

(1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。

◆To lie to her is wrong.

对她撒谎不对。

(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

◆Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.

对于老人来说爬山确实困难。

【即时演练1】——单句语法填空

①(2019·天津卷)Learning(learn) to think critically(批判性地) is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.

②Attending(attend) the party last night made Alice very excited.

③Mary’s being(be) late for class this morning made the teacher angry.

2．形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。

此类句式常见的有：

It is a waste of time doing...做……是浪费时间的。

It is no good/use doing... 做……是没用的。

It is worthwhile doing... 做……是值得的。

It is useless doing... 做……没有用。

It is no fun doing... 做……没有乐趣。

◆It is no good/use regretting for the past.

悔恨过去是没用的。

◆It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter.

同他争辩这件事真是浪费时间。

【即时演练2】——单句语法填空

①It is a waste of time trying(try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games.

②It is worthwhile reading(read) such a wonderful novel.

③It’s no use complaining(complain) without taking action.

动词-ing形式作宾语

1．作动词的宾语

常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：

避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)

建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise)

喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can’t help)

承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)

逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)

忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)

◆Would you mind opening the window?

你介意打开窗子吗？

◆I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.

我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。

◆He tried to avoid answering my questions.

他试图对我的问题避而不答。

2．作动词短语的宾语

常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth等。

◆He insisted on doing it in his own way.

他坚持要按照自己的方法做。

【即时演练3】——单句语法填空/完成句子

①I will be careful to avoid making(make) the same mistakes in my study.

②While going shopping, people sometimes can’t help being__persuaded(persuade) into buying something they don’t need.

③The boy was lucky to escape being__punished(punish)．

④We don’t allow diving(dive) in the pool.

⑤这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。

It is very useful for someone who is trying to give__up__smoking．

⑥我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。

I have never dreamed__of__visiting__that__place．

3．在有些动词的后面，如start, begin, continue等，既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。

◆They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.

他们继续工作，好像什么也没发生过。

4．在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。

◆He preferred staying at home when it rained.

下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词-ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)

◆I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.

今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示“今天下午留在家里”这一具体的动作。)

【即时演练4】——单句语法填空

He likes swimming but he doesn’t like to__swim this afternoon. (swim)

5．有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：