不同嫩化方法对鹅肉品质的影响研究

不同嫩化方法对鹅肉品质的影响1

高海燕，张瑞瑶，贾甜，胡雅婕，马汉军，曾洁*

(河南科技学院食品学院, 河南新乡453003)

摘要：采用自然成熟、木瓜蛋白酶和磷酸盐溶液处理鹅肉，对鹅肉的持水力、剪切力、pH、氧化程度及肌纤维直径等品质指标进行了研究。结果表明：自然成熟的嫩化效果不显著，木瓜蛋白酶和磷酸盐溶液处理可以大大提高鹅肉持水力，且以复合磷酸盐处理的鹅肉持水力最大。木瓜蛋白酶和不同磷酸盐嫩化处理的鹅肉的剪切力均低于自然成熟的鹅肉。其中，浓度15U/mL 的木瓜蛋白酶处理的鹅肉剪切力最小。木瓜蛋白酶、焦磷酸钠、复合磷酸盐嫩化后鹅肉的pH值明显高于自然成熟。随着时间的延长，自然成熟的鹅肉其脂类氧化程度逐渐增加。木瓜蛋白酶和磷酸盐嫩化的鹅肉其脂类氧化程度低于自然成熟。其中，木瓜蛋白酶浓度为6U/mL时氧化程度最低。自然成熟过程中鹅肉肌纤维直径变化不显著，而木瓜蛋白酶和磷酸盐嫩化的鹅肉，随着嫩化液浓度的增大，肌纤维直径呈减小趋势。本研究结果为鹅肉的嫩化机理及鹅肉产品的开发利用提供一定的理论依据。

关键词：鹅肉；嫩化；自然成熟；木瓜蛋白酶；磷酸盐

中图分类号: TS205.2; 文献标识码: A 文章篇号:

Effects of Different Tenderization Treatment on the qualities of Goose Meat

GAO Hai-Yan, ZHANG Rui-Yao, JIA Tian, HU Ya-Jie, MA Han-Jun, ZENG Jie

(School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China)

Abstract: Natural aging, papain and phosphate solution treatment were used to assay the qualities of goose meat including water holding capacity, shear force, pH, oxidation degree and the diameter of muscle fiber. The results showed that their were no apparent difference of water holding capacity and shear force of goose meat with different natural aging time from 12 h to 60 h, while papain and phosphate solution treatment could significantly improve water holding capacity of goose meat and the largest water holding capacity was obtained in the samples treated by compound phosphate solution. The shear force of goose meat treated with papain and different phosphate tenderizer is lower than the natural aging. The minimal shear force was obtained in the samples tenderized by 15 U/mL papain. The pH values of goose meat treated by papain, sodium pyrophosphate and compound phosphate solution were obviously higher than that of natural aging. The degree of lipid oxidation of goose meat gradually increased with the extension of natural aging time, while papain and different phosphate solutions could inhibit the lipid oxidation. The lightest degree of oxidation of goose meat was that treated with 6U/mL papain. Muscle fiber diameter of goose meat changed a little during natural aging, however, it decreased with the increase of the papain’s and phosphate’s concentration. To sum up, these results was to provide some theoretical basis for the development of tenderizer mechanism and utilization of tenderizer for goose meat products.

Key words: Goose meat; Tenderization; Natural aging; Papain; Phosphate

肉的嫩度一般是由肌肉中蛋白质的结构决定，主要与肌纤维的长短和结缔组织的量有关，在肉品质分析中通常以肉的保水性、硬度、咀嚼性、剪切力等特性进行表征[1-2]。鹅肉与鸭肉和鸡肉相比，其肌肉纤维较粗，不宜咀嚼。肉的嫩化方法有物理方法[3]、化学方法[4-7]、酶嫩化法[3,8]，这些方法在一定程度上都能达到使肉嫩化的目的，但各种方法的适用范围、嫩化效果各不相同。近年来，关于鹅肉嫩化的相关研究仅有少量报道。植物源性酶、钙盐、磷酸盐等常用来嫩化处理鹅肉[9-12]，植物汁液如生姜汁、木瓜汁、菠萝汁等因为含有相关蛋白酶类也用于鹅肉嫩化的研究，以解决鹅肉嫩化过度的问题[13-16]。超高压技术是近年来应用于嫩化肌肉的一种物理嫩化方法[17-18]，在鹅肉嫩化的应用中显示较好的效果。总体相比较而方，酶嫩化法效果较好，安全性高，且成本较低，易操作[10,19-20]。

收稿日期：2016-4-17

基金项目：河南省高等学校重点科研项目（15A550012）；河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划（13IRTSTHN006）；河南省科技计划项目（142300410139）

作者简介：高海燕（1973-）,男，硕士，副教授，研究方向为农产品贮藏与加工，Email:gaohaiyan127@

*通迅作者：曾洁（1973-），女，博士，副教授，研究方向为农产品深加工与转化, Email:zengjie623@