(完整版)测绘工程专业英语考试重点(包括单词)

测绘工程专业英语考试重点Geomatic测绘学Geosciences地球科学Geodesy大地测量学Cadastral surveying地籍测量Geodetic surveying 大地测量Marine survey 海洋测量Geological survey 地质测量Control survey 控制测量Horizontal survey 水平测量Vertical survey 高程测量Topographic survey 地形测量Tacheometry 视距测量Contour等高线Chart图表Fieldwork外业Officework内业Elevation高程Basic point 基准点Benchmark 水准基点Stations 测站Geoid 水准面Vertical垂直Theodolite经纬仪Monumentation埋石Latitude纬度Longitude经度Prime meridian 本初子午线Gravity field 重力场Curvature 曲率Fixed error 固定误差Proportionnal error 比例误差Multiplication constant 乘常数Angle 角度Zenith distance 天顶距Circle 度盘Azimuth方位角Triangulation 三角测量Traversing 导线测量Triangulateration 边角测量Control network 控制网Forward intersection 前方交会Resection 后方交会Side intersection 侧方交会Traverse angle 导线折角Open traverse 支导线Close traverse 闭合导线Close loop traverse闭合环导线Connecting traverse 符合导线Coordinate increment坐标增量Trigonometric leveling 三高程测量Horizontal 水平距Rod plate 尺垫Coordinates 坐标系Geodetic 大地基准Origin 原点Parameter 参数Map projection 地图投影Equidistant projection等距投影Equivalent projection 等积投影Orthographic projection 正射投影Differential correction 差分改正Real time kinematicRTK实动定位Cartograph制图学Raster 栅格光栅Embed 嵌入Resolution 分辨率Data classification 数据分类Topological relationship 拓扑关系aerial photogrammetry 航空摄测量Remote sensing 遥感InSAR干涉合成孔径雷达Prism 棱镜Blunder/gross error 粗差Index error 指标差Standard deviation 标准差Mean square error中误差Calibrate 校准Normal equation 法方程Space segment 空间部分--------------------------settlement observation 沉陷观测deflection observation 挠度观测property line survey 建筑红线放样cross-section survey 横断面测量geoid undulation 大地水准面差距orthometric height 正高very long baseline interferometry甚长基线干涉测量connecting traverse 附合导线zenith distance 天顶距hydrographic survey 水道测量工程测量engineering survey施工放样construction layout orsetting-out survey竣工测量as-built survey参考椭球reference ellipsoid 参考卫星激光测距satellite laserranging(SLR)重力场gravity field测量平差adjustment ofobservation or survey adjustment多余观测redundant observation点位中误差mean square error ofa point粗差检验gross error detection自动目标识别automatic targetrecognition(ATR水准尺level lod平面控制网horizontal controlnetwork地籍测量cadastral surveying orproperty survey1. Surveying is the art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of the earth that, on drawing them to scale, natural and artificial features may be exhibited in their correct horizontal or vertical relationships.测量是测定地面上各点的相对位置，以便根据它们之间正确的水平或竖直关系，按比例展示出天然地物和人工地物的一种技术。

2. The ordinary procedure in determining elevations, such as balancing backsight and foresight distance in differential leveling, automatically takes into account the curvature of the earth and compensates for earth curvature and refraction, and elevations referred to the curved surface of reference are secured without extra effort by the surveyor.在进行高程测量的一般程序中，比如水准测量中保持前后视距相等，自动考虑和补偿了地球曲率和大气折光的影响，基于曲面得到的高程仍然是可靠的，不需要测量员对数据进行进一步的处理。

3. The type of surveying that takes that takes into account the true shape of the earth is called geodetic surveying. This type of survey of survey is suited for large areas and long lines and is used to find the precise location of basic points needed for establishing control for other surveys. In geodetic surveying，the stations are normally long distances apart, and more precise instruments and surveying methods are required for this type of surveying than for plane surveying.这种类型的测量考虑到地球曲率的影响，被称为大地测量。

这种类型的测量的特点是区域广、基线长，用来测定控制点的精确位置。

在大地测量中，测站之间距离长，需要使用比平面测量中更精密的仪器和测量方法。

4. Distance between two points can be horizontal, slope, or vertical.两点之间距离可以是水平的，倾斜的或垂直的。

orizontal and slope distances can be measured with lots of techniques of measurement depending on the desired quality of the result. 水平距离和倾斜距离测量有多种方法，取决于测量的精度要求。

5. The advent of EDM instrument has completely revolutionized all surveying procedures, resulting in a change of emphasis and techniques. Distance can now be measured easily, quickly and with great accuracy, regardless of terrain conditions.电子测距仪的问世给测量程序带来一场深刻的革命，导致了重点与技术的改变。

不管地形情况如何，距离测量现在都变得简单、迅速，而且有很高的精度。

5. More complete EDM instruments also have the capacity of measuring horizontal and vertical or zenith angles as well as the slope distance. These instruments referred to as total station instruments.更集成的电子测距仪除测量斜距外，同时还具备测量水平角、竖直角和天顶距的功能。

这类仪器一般称之为全站仪。

6. Control networks range from small, simple and inexpensive to large and complex and very expensive to establish.控制网的类型从小区域的、简单的、便宜的到大范围的、复杂的、价格昂贵的不等。

7. The method of surveying called triangulation is based on the trigonometric proposition that if one side and three angles of a triangle are known, the remaining sides can be computed by the law of sines.这种测量方法称为三角测量，是基于如下三角形定理：如果三角形的一条边长和三个内角已知，那么其余的边长可以根据正弦定理计算得到。