美英报刊选读期末考试题目
《英语报刊选读》期末考试试卷附答案
《英语报刊选读》期末考试试卷附答案一、将下列所给的英语名词翻译成中文。
（15小题*2=30）1．The House of Lords2．Social Security3．Capitol Hill4．Speaker5．Fund —raising party6．Senior citizen7．Westinghouse Science Talent Search8．Asia —Pacific summit9．Sovereignty10．British Foreign Secretary11．Christian12．economic recession13．royal family14．the Commonwealth15．spokesman二、报刊阅读题。
Campaign strategists have agreed to focus to focus on the Senate, where leaders hope to complete work on the budget package by May 1. “We felt that if the Senate defeated the proposal, it would not even come up in the House,”says John Rot her, legislative director for the 18—million —member American Association of Retired persons.Targeted mainly are Republicans, who control the Senate, with particular emphasis on the 21 who face re—election next year. The next election looms large in the lobbyists’strategy. “We shall not forget if Congree haves in an unfriendly fashion to the senior citizens of the United States,”warns Jacob Clay man, president of the NCSC, which represents 4.5 million persons. “We shall remember—and 1986 is just around the corner.”Eric Shulman, legislative director for the NCSC, explains: “Those up forreelection will have their ears closest to the ground—and we are making as much of a rumble as we can. We see this issue being won or lost not in Washington but out in the countryside.”Adds Arthur Flemming, former U. S. commissioner on aging and now a lobbyist for the elderly:”“It’s the grass roots that convey the message most effectively.”I ．单项选择题。
美国文学选读期末试卷(A)
美国文学选读期末试卷（A）Part Ⅰ: Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.(10 points in all, 2 point for each)Group 1Column A Column B（）1. Benjamin Franklin a. Moby Dick（）2.Edgar Allan Poe b. The Cast of Amontillado（）3. Ralph Waldo Emerson c. The Scarlet letter（）4. Nathaniel Hawthorne d. Self-Reliance（）5. Herman Melville e. The AutobiographyPart ⅠⅠ: Gap filling (10 points in all, 1 point for each).1.‘The Old Man and the Sea’ is written by ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ .2.Samuel Langhorne Clemens is better known by the pen name ______ _______ .3.‘the remains of my relations’ means ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in Chinese.4.‘I must not only punish but punish with impunity’ means ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in Chinese.5.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿is regarded as the first person to write the detective novel in the west.6.Ralph Waldo Emerson is the supporter of ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.7.Herman Melville is the famous ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿and poet of America.8.In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life ofAmerica. It was entitled ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿by Emerson.9.The historical novel ‘Scarlet Letter’ describes the17th century’s life style of the＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in North America.10.In Herman Melville’s Moby Dick’, as the opposite of the human being, the whale stands for＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.Part ⅠⅠⅠ: Reading Comprehension (40 points in all, 2 points for each).AI travel a lot, and I find out different “styles” (风格) of directions ever y time 1 ask “How can I get to the post office?”Foreign tourists are often confused (困惑) in Japan because most streets there don’t have names; in Japan, people use landmarks (地标) in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.”People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it’sabout fiv e minutes from here.” You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it?” They don’t know. It’s true that a person doesn’t know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, ‘Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yuca tan, Mexico, no one answers “I don’t know.”People in Yucatan believe that “I don’t know” is impolite, they usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!1. When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place they usually _________A. describe the place carefullyB. show him a map of the placeC. tell him the names of the streetsD. refer to recognizable buildings and places2. What is the place where people measure distance in time? _________A. New York.B. Los Angeles.C. Kansas.D. Iowa.3. People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ________A. in order to save timeB. as a testC. so as to be politeD. for fun4. What can we infer from the text? _________A. It’s important for travelers to understand cultural differences.B. It’s useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.C. People have similar understandings of politeness.D. New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.BHeroes of Our TimeA good heartDikembe Mutombo grew up in Africa among great poverty and disease. He came to Georgetown University on a scholarshipto study medicine —but Coach John Thompson got a look at Dikembe and had a different idea. Dikembe became a star in the NBA, and a citizen of the United States. But he never forgot the land of his birth, or the duty to share his fortune with others. He built a new hospital in his old hometown in the Congo. A friend has said of this good-hearted man: “Mutombo believes that God has given him this chance to do great things.”Success and kindnessAfter her daughter was born, Julie Aigner-Clark searched for ways to share her love of music and art with her child. So she borrowed some equipment, and began filming children’s videos in her own house. The Baby Einstein Company was born, and in just five years her business grew to more than $20 million in sales. And she is using her success to help others — producing child safety videos with John Walsh of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Julie says of her new program: “I believe it’s the most important thing that I have ever done. I believe that children have the right to live in a world that is safe.”Bravery and courageA few weeks ago, Wesley Autrey was waiting at a Harlem subway station with his two little girls when he saw a man fall into the path of a train. With seconds to act, Wesley jumped onto the tracks, pulled the man into the space between the rails, and held him as the train passed right above their heads. He insists he’s not a hero. He says: “We have got to show each other some love.”5. What was Mutombo praised for? .A. Being a star in the NBA.B. Being a student of medicine.C. His work in the church.D. His willingness to help the needy.6. Mulombo believes that building the new hospital is .A. helpful to his personal developmentB. something he should do for his homelandC. a chance for his friends to share his moneyD. a way of showing his respect to the NBA7. What did the Baby Einstein Company do at its beginning? .A. Produce safety equipment for children.B. Make videos to help protect children.C. Sell children’s music and artwork.D. Look for missing and exploited children.8. Why was Wesley Autrey praised as a hero? .A. He helped a man get across the rails.B. He stopped a man from destroying the rails.C. He protected two little girls from getting hurt.D. He saved a person without considering his own safety.CTom was one of the brightest boys in the year, with supportive parents. But when he was 15 he suddenly stopped trying. He left school at 16 with only two scores for secondary school subjects. One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer group.The lack of right male role models in many of their lives — at home and particularly in the school environment — means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.They don’t see men succeeding in society so it doesn’t occur to them that they could make something of themselves. Without male teachers as a role model, the effect of peer actions and street culture is all powerful. Boys want to be part of a club. However, schools can provide the environment for change, and provide the right role models for them. Teachers need to be trained to stop that but not in front of a child’s peers. You have to do it one to one, because that is when you see the real child.It’s pointless sending a child home if he or she has done wrong. They see it as a welcome day off to watch television or play computer games. Instead, schools should have a special unit where a child who has done wrong goes for the day and gets advice about his problems — somewhere he can work away from his peers and go home after the other children.9. Why did Tom give up studying? .A. He disliked his teachers.B. His parents no longer supported him.C. It’s cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.D. There were too many subjects in his secondary school.10. What seems to have a bad effect on students like Tom? .A. Peer groups.B. A special unit.C. The student judges.D. The home environment.11. What should schools do to help the problem schoolboys? .A. Wait for their change patiently.B. Train leaders of their peer groups.C. Stop the development of street culture.D. Give them lessons in a separate area.12. A teacher’s work is most effective with a schoolboy when he.A. is with the boy aloneB. teaches the boy a lessonC. sends the boy home as punishmentD. works together with another teacherDFar from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish’s blood and measured its freezing point.The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of-1.88°C and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05°C. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture.The scientists’ next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish’s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules（分子）held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is calleda glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.13. What is the text mainly about? .A. The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.B. A special fish living in freezing waters.C. The ice shelf around Antarctica.D. Protection of the Antarctic cod.14. Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature? .A. The seawater has a temperature of -1.88°C.B. it loves to live in the ice-salt mixtureC. A special protein keeps it from freezing.D. Its blood has a temperature lower than -2.05°C.15. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?.A. A type of ice-salt mixture.B. A newly found protein.C. Fish blood.D. Sugar molecule.16. What does “glyco-” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraphmean? .A. sugarB. iceC. bloodD. moleculeEIf your boss asks you to work in Moscow th is year, he’d better offer you more money to doso —or even double that depending on where you live now. That’s because Moscow has just been found to be the world’s most expensive city for the second year in a row by Mercer Human Resources Consulting.Using the cost of living in New York as a base, Mercer determined Moscow is 34.4 percent more expensive including the cost of housing, transportation, food, clothing, household goods and entertainment.A two-bedroom flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month; a CD $24.83, and an international newspaper $6.30, according to Mercer. By comparison, a fast food meal with a hamburger is a steal at $4.80.London takes the No. 2 place, up from No. 5 a year ago, thanks to higher cost of housing and a stronger British pound relative to the dollar. Mercer estimates London is 26 percent more expensive than New York these days. Following London closely are Seoul and Tokyo, both of which are 22 percent more expensive than New York, while No. 5 Hong Kong is 19 percent more costly.Among North American cities, New York and Los Angeles are the most expensive and are the only two listed in the top 50 of the world’s most expensive cities. But both have fallen since last year’s study —New York came in 15th, down from 10th place, while Los Angeles fell to 42nd from 29th place a year ago. San Francisco came in a distant third at No. 54, down 20 places from a year earlier.Toronto, meanwhile, is Canada’s most expensive city but fell 35 places to take 82nd place worldwide. In Australia, Sydney is the priciest place to live in and No. 21 worldwide.17. What do the underlined words “a steal” in Paragraph 3 mean? _________A. an act of stealingB. something deliciousC. something very cheapD. an act of buying18. London has become the second most expensive city because of _________A. the high cost of clothingB. the stronger pound against the dollarC. its expensive transportationD. the high prices of fast food meals19. Which city is the third most expensive on the list? _________A. Tokyo.B. Hong Kong.C. Moscow.D. Sydney.20. Which city has dropped most on the list in North America?A. New York.B. Los Angeles.C. San Francisco.D. Toronto.Part IV: Translation (40 points in all, 20 points for each).1.When he found I would leave him, he took care to prevent me getting employment in anyother printing house of the town by going round and speaking to every master, who accordingly refused to give me work. I then thought of going to New York as the nearest place where there was a printer; and I was the rather inclined to leave Boston when I reflected that I had already made myself a little obnoxious to the governing party; and from the arbitrary proceeding of the Assembly in my brother’s case, it was likely I might if I stayed soon bring myself into scrapes, and further that my indiscreet disputations about religion began to make me pointed at with horror by good people as an infidel or atheist. I determined on the point, but my father now siding with my brother, I was sensible that if I attempted to go openly means would be used to prevent me.2. He had a weak point－－this Fortunato－－although in other regards he was a man to berespected and even feared. He prided himself upon his connoisseurship in wine. Few Italians have the true virtuoso spirit. For the most part their enthusiasm is adopted to suit the time and opportunity, to practice imposture upon the British and Austrian millionaires. In painting and gemmary, Fortunato, like his countrymen, was a quack, but in the matter of old wines he was sincere. In this respect I did not differ from him materially;－－I was skillful in the Italian vintages myself, and bought largely whenever I could.答卷Part Ⅰ: Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.(10 points in all, 2 point for each)Part ⅠⅠ: Gap filling (10 points in all, 1 point for each).1. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ;2. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ;3. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ;4. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ;5. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ;6. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ;7. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ; 8. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ; 9. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ;10. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ;Part ⅠⅠⅠ: Reading Comprehension (40 points in all, 2 points for each).Part IV: Translation (40 points in all, 20 points for each).1.2.。
英美文学选读期末考试答案
country and destruc on of the English peasantry towards the end of the century. Tess is actually a vic m of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess in Tess of the D’ Urbervilles just to cri cize the society in his me. Hardy’s works are known as “novels of the character and environment.” Tess is a tragic person simply because she is not accepted by the society in which agriculture is menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. So in a way, we say, Tess’ fate is decided by her society.
1. What is the function of the opening sentenc e of “Pride and Prejudice”?“It is truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”
英美报刊选读复习题.doc
英美报刊选读复习题一.Reading ComprehensionPassage 1It was not "the comet of the century" experts predicted it might be. Nevertheless, Kohoutek has provided a bonanza of scientific information. It was first spotted 370 million miles from the earth, by an astronomer who was searching sky for asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. Scientists who traced Kohoutek ten month before it passed the earth predicted the comet would be a brilliant spectacle ・ But Kohoutek fell short of this prediction, disappointing millions of amateur sky watchers, when it proved too pale to be seen with the unaided eye. Researchers were delighted nonetheless with the new information they were able to glean from their investigation of the comet. Perhaps the most significant discovery was the identification of two important chemical compounds-methyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide-never seen in comets before, but found in the far reaches of interstellar space ・ This discovery revealed new clues about the origin of comets. Most astronomers agree that comets are primordial remnant from the formation of the solar system, but whether they were born between Jupiter and Neptune or much farther out toward interstellar space has been the subject of much debate. If compounds no more complex than ammonia and methane key components of Jupiter, were see in comets, it would suggest that comets form within the planetary orbits. But more complex compounds, such as the methyl cyanide found in Kotoutek, point to formation far beyond the planets; there the deep freeze at space has kept them unchanged.1. What is the subject of the passage?( ) a. What was learned from Kohoutek ・ c. Where Kohoutek was spotted.2. Why was Kohoutek referred to as the comet of the century?(a. It was thought to be extremely old.c. Scientists predicted is would be very bright.3. In what respect was Kohoutek a disappointment?(a. It could be seen only through special equipment.c. When was the solar system fonned?d. How was the solar system formed?Passag2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-to-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition^ to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty and surprise, and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality. Other view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg^ recent research on the cognitive process of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these ・ Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an H Aha H experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these method which run counter their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.b ・ What was disappointing about Kohoutek ・ d. How Kohoutek was tracked ・ ) b ・ It passes the earth once a century. d ・ Scientists have been tracking it for a c. It did not provide valuable scientific information.d ・ It was moving too rapidly for scientists to photograph・ 4. Before the investigation on Kotoutek, where had methyl cyanide been known to exist?( )a. In comets.b. On asteroids.c. Between Jupiter and Neptune ・ 5. According to the passage, what is one major component of Jupiter?( )a. Hydrogen cyanide ・ b ・ Methyl cyanide ・ c. Hydrogen. 6. What aspect of Kohoutek did scientists find most interesting?( ) d. Beyond the solar system. d. Ammonia. d. Its size. 7. Which of the following question is best answered by information gained from Kohoutek?( )a. Where were comets formed?b. When were comets formed?b ・ It did not approach the earth.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking^ is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. An a nalysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking action cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issuer One implication of thinking acting cycle is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just implementing the solution.1 • According to the passage, senior manager use intuition in all of the following ways except to ______ .A.speed up the creation of a solution to a problem B・ identify a problemC. bring together disparate facts D・ stipulate clear goal2.The passage suggests which of the following about the "writers on management^ mentioned in line 11? ________A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B.They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C.They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3.Which of the following best exemplifies "an 'Aha' experience^? ______A.A manager risks raking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problems at hand.B・ A manager performs well-learned and familiar Behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem ・ C. A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.D・ A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis4.According to the passage the classical model of decision analysis includes all the following except __________ ・A.evaluation of problemB. creation of clear goals to be reached by the decisionC.establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionD.action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem5・ It can be inferred from the passage that which the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis? _____________A Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does notB.Manager X checks possible solution to a problem by systhematic analysis; Manager does not.C.Manager X takes actionin orde to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.D.Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.6・ It can be inferred from the passage that thinking/acting cycles (line 5, last paragraph) in managerial practice would be likely to result in which of the following __________I• A manager analyzes a network of problem and then acts on the basis of that analysis.II• A manager gathers data by acting and observing the effects of actionIII. A manager takes action without being able to articulate reasons for that particular action.A. I only.B. Il only.C. I and II.D. II and III.7. The passage provides support for which of the following statements? ________A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B・ Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C.Managers1 intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skillsD.Intuition rabies managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently・& Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage? _______A. An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is givenB・ A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced・C. The results of recent research are introduced and evaluated.D・ Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated・Passag3Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to get rid of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem - how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which uses not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs 电灯and refrigerators 冰箱as well. The system works so well that no fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.Some parts of most modern buildings - theaters and offices as well as classrooms - are more than sufficiently heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter . The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called “heat recovery^. A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from buildings and reuse it in others.Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students send out more heat than female students, and the larger a student is, the more heat he produces - It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard-working overweight male genius.1.What is characteristic of the buildings on Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh? _______A. They are more comfortable to live in than other buildings.B. They collect body heat to regulate the temperature in side ・C. They use light bulbs to heat the classrooms.D. They consume less fuel to keep the classrooms cool.2.According to the passage, the technique of heat recovery is used _______ ・A. to provide a special form of air-conditioning B・ to provide heat for the hot water systemC. to find out the source of heat D・ to collect heat and reuse it3・The phrase “the hottest prospect^ in this passage refers to______ .A. the person who suffers most from heat B・ the person who needs more heat than othersC. the person who gives off most heat D・ the person who make better use of body heat4.Which of the following statements is NOT true according the passage? _______A. The harder a student works, the more heat he or she produces.B・ The bigger a student is, the more heat he or she sends out.C・ A girl student sends out more heat than a boy student.D・ A large and hard-working boy student gives off the most heat.5.Which of the following may be the best title for this passage? _______A.Recovery of Body Heat C. Modern Building's Heat SystemB.Body Heat and Sex D. Ways of Heating Buildings二Translate the following sentences:1 .Crackdown on loan repayment penaltiesPeople who repay loans early will get a fairer deal under changes outlined today.2.Hong Kong was hit hard by Sars and had a difficult year but is "bouncing back\ Prime Minister Tony Blair has said during his visit to the region.3.Extra places confirm faith in foundation degreesThere will be an extra 10,000 places on foundation degree courses next year, giving more people a chance to study for a vocationally-focused higher education qualification・三、Read the following short passages and choose the best answe匚Passage 1GENEVA・A 38-year-old Spanish man briefly hijacked 扌仓劫a French airliner on Majorca Sunday and threatened to blow it up to protest 抗议France's plans to resume nuclear testing, then surrendered in 投降放弃Geneva without a struggle after releasing 298 passengers and crew・ An official at Geneva's Cointrin Airport described the man as unbalanced・( )A .A Spanish man hijacked a French airline to protest France's nuclear testing・B.A Spanish man who had threatened to blow up a French airline surrendered in Geneva・C.A Spanish man who had hijacked a French airline suirendered in Geneva.Passage 2TOKYO-When Compaq Computers 康帕电脑and Dell Computer invaded 进入the Japanese market three years age with personal computers selling for half the price of the local varieties 当地品种，rival 竞争对手Japanese companies braced for trouble 准备应河•动舌L・ But instead of killing the Japanese personal computer industry, the American onslaught 猛攻liberated 放纵it・Proceed by what is known as the “Compaq Shock 康巾白冲击J Japanese manufacturers have become fiercer competitors, cutting their prices drastically. The result has been a boom in sales that is benefiting the Japanese manufacturers as much as the Americans.( )A.American and Japanese computer companies compete to win the Japanese market・B."Compaq Shock J has benefited Japanese market.C- Fierce competition between American and Japanese computer companies has helped the computer sales boom in Japan.Passage 3PARIS-A bomb 炸弹exploded at a crowded street market in Paris near the Place de la Bastille Sunday morning, leaving fourpeople slightly hurt・ The police said that the bomb, packed into a pressure cooker and hidden in a bag under a vegetable stand, did not cause greater damage because of a malfunction•功自总失常But the incident clearly left a deep impact onGovernment officials who are facing what they believe to be a campaign of terrorism directed by Islamic militants from Algeria. Police did not immediately link the bomb to three devices planted in recent weeks, which killed seven and wounded scores of others in Paris.( )A ・ A bomb blast at a Paris market hurt four people.B.four people were injured in a crowded street market in Paris..C.Terrorists planted in bomb in Paris that wounded四.cloze:A contract is an agreement between two or more people (1) ________ o ne person agrees to do something by a specified date in return for something done by (2) _______ • Usually the contract is a written document signed and dated by both (3)________ . It must state clearly the consideration, that is, what is to be given or done by one person in (4) __________ f or what is given or done by the other. If one person does (5) ________ was promised and the other does not, that other may be sued in court and required by court order to make good・ He or she (6) ______ also to be required to pay for damages suffered as a result of the failure to perform. The things (7) ________ by both parties must be stated in definite terms (8) __________ the court will hold that the contract is (9) ________ v ague and general to be enforced・(10) ______ ，the time period within which the work is to be done must be definite or the court will say that the document is not a contract.( )1. A. in which B. which C. that D. on that( )2. A. another B. other C. lhe other D. others( )3. A. parts B. people C・ parties D. aspects( )4. A. replace B・ change C. pay me nt D. exchange( )5. A. that B. what C. the thing D. something( )6. A. need B. has C.ought D. may( )7. A. to be done B. to do C.done D. being done( )& A. and B. or C. else D. so( )9. A. so B. too C・ rather D・ over( )10. A. Similar B. The same C. Similarly D. Too英美报刊选读复习题答案Reading ComprehensionPassage 1: l.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.APassage 2：l.D 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.D &BPassage 3: l.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A二Translate the following sentences:1.严罚贷款不偿还行为今天已提出纲要对提前偿还贷款者将获相当的报酬2.Tony Blair在访问这一地区时说：香港因SARS遭受巨大打击，度过重重困难岁月，但目前经济已经回升。
英美报刊选读
考试科目：英美报刊选读考试时间：120分钟试卷总分100分一、Reading Comprehension(60%)Passage 1The distinctive architectural feature of the typical Broadway theater is the juxtaposition of two almost independent buildings facing and opening intoone another through a proscenium arch. The audience sits in the auditorium structure and watcher the actors perform in the stage house. This separation is more than an aesthetic impression, because the building codes require that a physical barrier protect the audience from a fire starting on the stage. A fireproof wall, rather than a mere partition separates the structures, and this separation is completed by a fireproof curtain that is rigged to fall automatically and close tire proscenium opening in case of fire. Automatic fire doors similarly close all other openings between the two structures. The codes keep such openings to a minimum.This separation came about in the nineteenth century in the United States as a result of theater fires. It has produced a fundamental structural change from previous centuries without making much corresponding change in the appearance of the building. Most theaters of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries were remodeled from banquet hall, tennis court, and other rectangular halls g and remained essentially a single structure with a thin partition for the proscenium wall.So far as the audience is concerned, a theater is primarily a place for entertainment. Its great attraction is the opportunity it affords for vicariousexperience. The audience approaches the theater with the expectation of some form of glamour, excitement, or emotional vividness. The architect and the decorator try to sustain and increase this excitement and anticipation as the spectator moves through the theater. One of the familiar architectural devices for this effect is spaciousness of lobby, foyer and auditorium. Color and ornamentation are other devices for the same purpose, as seen in almost all theaters built before the twentieth century.1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?a. Decorating Trends in the Theater.b. Theater Designs of the Future.c. Architectural Features of the Broadway Theater.d. Famous Architects of the Modern Theater.2. According to passage, what distinguishes many present-day theaters from those built prior to the nineteenth century?a. Large entrance, lobby and auditorium.b. Two buildings separated by an arch.c. Attractive interior decorations.d. Separate stages for each act.3. Which of the following materials would not be used to build a proscenium arch?a. Wood.b. Concrete.c. Metal.d. Marble.4. Why was it necessary to change the fundamental structure of theaters in the nineteenth century?a. The curtain became a necessity, as production grew longer.b. The auditorium had to accommodate more spectators.c. Modern plays required larger stage areas.d. There were too many theater fires.5. Where in the passage does the author mention the designs of theaters built before the nineteenth century?a. Lines5-7.b. Lines 10-11.c. Lines 13-15.d. Lines 21-23.6. In line 2, paragraph 3, the word “it” re fers toa. attractionb. theaterc. audienced. entertainmentPassage 2It was not “the comet of the century” experts predicted it might be. Nevertheless, Kohoutek has provided a bonanza of scienti fic information. It wasfirst spotted 370 million miles from the earth, by an astronomer who was searching sky for asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. Scientists who traced Kohoutek ten month before it passed the earth predicted the comet would be a brilliant spectacle. But Kohoutek fell short of this prediction, disappointing millions of amateur sky watchers, when it proved too pale to be seen with the unaided eye. Researchers were delighted nonetheless with the new information they were able to glean from their investigation of the comet. Perhaps the most significant discovery was the identification of two important chemical compounds-methyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide-never seen in comets before, but found in the far reaches of interstellar space. This discovery revealed new clues about the origin of comets. Most astronomers agree that comets are primordial remnant from the formation of the solar system, but whether they were born between Jupiter and Neptune or much farther out toward interstellar space has been the subject of much debate. If compounds no more complex than ammonia and methane key components of Jupiter, were see in comets, it would suggest that comets form within the planetary orbits. But more complex compounds, such as the methyl cyanide found in Kotoutek, point to formation far beyond the planets; there the deep freeze at space has kept them unchanged.1. What is the subject of the passage?a. What was learned from Kohoutek.b. What was disappointing about Kohoutek.c. Where Kohoutek was spotted.d. How Kohoutek was tracked.2. Why was Kohoutek referred to as the comet of the century?a. It was thought to be extremely old.b. It passes the earth once a century.c. Scientists predicted is would be very bright.d. Scientists have been tracking it for a century.3. In what respect was Kohoutek a disappointment?a. It could be seen only through special equipment.b. It did not approach the earth.c. It did not provide valuable scientific information.d. It was moving too rapidly for scientists to photograph.4. Before the investigation on Kotoutek, where had methyl cyanide been known to exist?a. In comets.b. On asteroids.c. Between Jupiter and Neptune.d. Beyond the solar system.5. According to the passage, what is one major component of Jupiter?a. Hydrogen cyanide.b. Methyl cyanide.c. Hydrogen.d. Ammonia.6. What aspect of Kohoutek did scientists find most interesting?a. Its shape.b. Its composition.c. Its orbit.d. Its size.7. Which of the following question is best answered by information gained from Kohoutek?a. Where were comets formed?b. When were comets formed?c. When was the solar system formed?d. How was the solar system formed?Passages3How many people in the world speak English as a first native language? Exact information this point is not available, but an estimate of 230 million can not very wide of the mark. Of these, 145 million live in the United States, a little less than 55 million in the United Kingdom and Ireland and something like 30 million in the British dominions and colonial possessions. It is even more difficult to arrive at a figure representing those who speak English as a second or auxiliary language. A reasonable conservative conclusion would thus place the total number of speakers of English between 300 million and 325 million, about one-seventh of the world's population.If one thinks solely in terms of total numbers of speakers, it must be conceded that some authorities place Chinese the various Indian languages, and Russian ahead of English; others only Chinese. Both Chinese and Indian, however, are terms covering a large number of mutually unintelligible dialects y and though the numbers of these languages may seem impressive, communication within the languages is much more restricted than in English. Total numbers, moreover, constitute but one phase of the matter. The factor of geographical distribution is equally, possibly even more, significant. English is spoken as a first or native language on at least four continents of the world; Russian on two, Chinese and the Indian language on one. English is without question the closest approach to a world language.It goes without saying that no two persons ever have an identical command of their common language. Certainly they have not precisely the same vocabulary. There are at least minor differences in pronunciation, indeed the same individual will not pronounce his vowels and consonants in absolutely identical fashion every time he utters them. Everyone possesses in addition certain individual traits of grammatical form and syntactical order, constituting that peculiar and personal quality of language which we term style. All of this is implicit in the well-known phrase “style is the man”. No two men, no two styles are the same. If this is true of but two Persons, the potential of difference resident in a language spoken by more than 200 million truly staggers the imagination.1. According to the author, it could be said that .a. more people speak Chinese dialects than Englishb. more people speak English as an auxiliary-language than as a first languagec. about one-seventh of the world’s population speaks Russiand. more people speak English in the UK than in Ireland2. The passage implies that .a. a little less than half of the native English speakers in the world live in the United Statesb. the 55 million inhabitants of the British Isles speak like the 30 million inhabitants of the ex-British dominions and coloniesc. about one-tenth of the total English-speaking world population lives in ex-British dominions and coloniesd. to suppose 230 million people speak English as a native language would certainly be an understatement3. One reason given for why English is the closest approach to world language is that ______.a. Chinese and Indian languages are mutually unintelligibleb. Chinese is too complex to be a world languagec. Russian is only spoken on two continentsd. there are more native speakers of English than of any other language4. According to the author, the fact that the same individual will not pronounce his vowels and consonants identically every time shows that __________.a. everyone has their own literary styleb. mutual intelligibility is a mythc. people's vocabularies varyd. no two people speak the language in exactly the same wayPassag4The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-to-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated pr oblems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty and surprise, and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality. Other view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive process of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of th ese. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these method which run counter their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know” what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. An analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking action cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issuer One implication of thinking acting cycle is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just implementing the solution.1. According to the passage, senior manager use intuition in all of the following ways except to .a. speed up the creation of a solution to a problemb. identify a problemc. bring together disparate factsd. stipulate clear goal2. The passage suggests which of the following abo ut the “writers on management” mentioned in line 11?a. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.b. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.c. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.d. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3. Which of the following best exemplifies “an ‘Aha’ experience”?a. A manager risks raking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problems at hand.b. A manager performs well-learned and familiar Behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.c. A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.d. A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis4. According to the passage the classical model of decision analysis includes all the following except ___________.a. evaluation of problemb. creation of clear goals to be reached by the decisionc. establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisiond. action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem5. It can be inferred from the passage that which the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y , who uses only formal decision analysis?a. Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does notb. Manager X checks possible solution to a problem by systhematic analysis; Manager does not.c. Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.d. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.6. It can be inferred from the passage that thinking/acting cycles (line 5, last paragraph) in managerial practice would be likely to result in which of the followingⅠ. A manager analyzes a network of problem and then acts on the basis of that analysis.Ⅱ. A manager gathers data by acting and observing the effects of actionⅢ. A manager takes action without being able to articulate reasons for that particular action.a. a. I only.b. Ⅱonly.c. Ⅰand Ⅱ.d. Ⅱand Ⅲ.7. The passage provides support for which of the following statements?a. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.b. Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.c. Managers' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skillsd. Intuition rabies managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.8. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage?a. An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is givenb. A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.c. The results of recent research are introduced and evaluated.d. Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.二、Translate the following sentences: (30%)1.Crackdown on loan repayment penaltiesPeople who repay loans early will get a fairer deal under changes outlined today.2. .Schools and colleges encouraged to go greenGreen action plans for schools, colleges and universities will encourage them to care for the environment.3.Hong Kong was hit hard by Sars and had a difficult year but is ‘bouncing back’, Prime Minister Tony Blair has said during h is visit to the region.4.Frequently asked questions about Social Security’s future; how we can meet its long -term financing challenges.5.Extra places confirm faith in foundation degreesThere will be an extra 10,000 places on foundation degree courses next year, giving more people a chance to study for a vocationally-focused higher education qualification.三．Answer the following question:What are about “The Inverted Pyramid” in reading American & British News Publications?参考答案：一、 一、 Reading ComprehensionPassage 1：1.c 2.b 3.a 4.d 5.c 6.bPassage 2：1.a 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.d 6.b 7.aPassage 3：1.a 2.c 3.c 4.dPassage 4：1.d 2.d 3.c 4.d 5.c 6.d 7.d 8.b二、Translate the following sentences:1． 严罚贷款不偿还行为今天已提出纲要对提前偿还贷款者将获相当的报酬2． 鼓励大中小学校参加绿色行动大中小学校的绿色计划将鼓励学生关心周边环境。
英美报刊选读期末考试题
I.Read the following short passages and choose the best answer.(20 % )Passage 1GENEVA-A 38-year-old Spanish man briefly hijacked 抢劫a French airliner on Majorca Sunday and threatened to blow it up to protest 抗议France's plans to resume nuclear testing, then surrendered in投降放弃Geneva without a struggle after releasing 298 passengers and crew. An official at Geneva's Cointrin Airport described the man as unbalanced.a ．A Spanish man hijacked a French airline to protest France's nuclear testing.b. A Spanish man who had threatened to blow up a French airline surrendered in Geneva.c. A Spanish man who had hijacked a French airline surrendered in Geneva.Passage 2TOKYO-When Compaq Computers康帕电脑and Dell Computer invaded 进入the Japanese market three years age with personal computers selling for half the price of the local varieties当地品种, rival竞争对手Japanese companies braced for trouble准备应付动乱. But instead of killing the Japanese personal computer industry, the American onslaught猛攻liberated 放纵it. Proceed by what is known as the “Compaq Shock康帕冲击,” Japanese manufacturers have become fiercer competitors, cutting their prices drastically. The result has been a boom in sales that is benefiting the Japanese manufacturers as much as the Americans.a. American and Japanese computer companies compete to win the Japanese market.b. “Compaq Shock,” has benefited Japanese market.c. Fierce competition between American and Japanese computer companies has helped the computer sales boom in Japan.Passage 3PARIS-A bomb 炸弹exploded at a crowded street market in Paris near the Place de la Bastille Sunday morning, leaving four people slightly hurt. The police said that the bomb, packed into a pressure cooker and hidden in a bag under a vegetable stand, did not cause greater damage because of a malfunction.功能失常But the incident clearly left a deep impact on Government officials who are facing what they believe to be a campaign of terrorism directed by Islamic militants from Algeria. Police did not immediately link the bomb to three devices planted in recent weeks, which killed seven and wounded scores of others in Paris.a ．A bomb blast at a Paris market hurt four people.b. four people were injured in a crowded street market in Paris..c. Terrorists planted in bomb in Paris that woundedPassage 4UNITED NATIONS-The United Nations has run out of money to pay its regular operating expenses and is being forced to borrow from peacekeeping funds, which are also strained, an American accounting expert in charge of financial management here told a General Assembly committee Tuesday.a. UN is short of cash.b. UN is borrowing from peacekeeping funds.c. UN cannot pay regular operating expenses.Passage 5Eight people were killed as forest fires ripped through eastern Spain on Monday, destroying thousands hectares of land and forcing the evacuation of hundreds of people, officials said.a ．Forest fires destroyed land and killed 8 people.b. Hundreds of people were forced to leave their land because of forest fires.c. Eight people died in for fires that hit eastern Spain.II.Read the following news and choose the best answer. ( 60% )Passage 1Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to get rid of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem – how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which uses not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs 电灯and refrigerators冰箱as well. The system works so well that no fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.Some parts of most modern buildings –theaters and offices as well as classrooms –are more than sufficiently heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter . The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called “heat recovery”. A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from buildings and reuse it in others.Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students send out more heat than female students, and the larger a student is, the more heat he produces . It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard-working overweight male genius.1. What is characteristic of the buildings on Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh? BA. They are more comfortable to live in than other buildings.B. They collect body heat to regulate the temperature inside.C. They use light bulbs to heat the classrooms.D. They consume less fuel to keep the classrooms cool.2. According to the passage, the technique of heat recovery is used __D______.A. to provide a special form of air-conditioningB. to provide heat for the hot water systemC. to find out the source of heatD. to collect heat and reuse it3. The phrase “the hottest prospect” in this passage refers to __C______.A. the person who suffers most from heatB. the person who needs more heat than othersC. the person who gives off most heatD. the person who make better use of body heat4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according the passage?CA. The harder a student works, the more heat he or she produces.B. The bigger a student is, the more heat he or she sends out.C. A girl student sends out more heat than a boy student.D. A large and hard-working boy student gives off the most heat.5. Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?AA. Recovery of Body Heat C. Modern Building's Heat SystemB. Body Heat and Sex D. Ways of Heating BuildingsPassage 2The Earth has a force that pulls thing toward itself. We call this force gravity. This is something we live with all the time, and we take it for granted and hardly ever think about it . But it is a most important factor in rocket operation and must overcome if we are to get anywhere in space, or off the ground at all.Take the throwing of a ball as an example. The harder the ball is thrown, the faster and higher it will go. What is the secret? Its speed. If we could throw the ball hard enough it would go up and up forever and never come down. The speed at which it would have to be thrown do this is known as escape speed. Of course, we cannot throw a ball hard enough because the speed required to escape completely from the Earth's gravity is seven miles per second, or over twenty-five thousand miles per hour.Once escape speed has been reached by a spacecraft, no further power is needed. A rocket aimed at the Moon, for instance, will ‘coast' （滑行）the rest of the way because the Earth's gravity cannot then pull it back, and there is no air resistance in space to slow it down. This ‘coasting' is known as ‘free fall'.自由落体That does not mean the rocket is falling down towards the Earth but that it is traveling freely in space without the aid of power, like a bicycle coasting downhill.Free fall is an important feature of space travel: it would be impossible to carry enough fuel to provide powered flight all the time.6. What is the most important factor for a rocket to escape from the Earth?BA. To travel as fast as it can.B. To overcome the Earth's gravity.C. To reduce the air resistance.D. To carry enough fuel with it.7. How fast will a rocket go to escape completely from the Earth's gravity? DA. Seventy miles per second.B. Seven thousand miles per hour.C. Twenty-five thousand miles per second.D. Twenty-five thousand miles per hour.8. As there is always the Earth's gravitational pull, people A________.A. accept it without questioning itB. never notice its presenceC. seldom think about how to use itD. often try to escape from it9. When a bicycle ‘coasts' downhill, it __B______.A. runs faster and fasterB. runs freely without any further powerC. is no longer affected by the Earth's gravityD. does not meet with air resistance10. Why is it not necessary to provide powered flight in space all the time? CA. Few spacecraft complete their flight operations.B. The spacecraft will be attracted by the Moon.C. No further power is needed after the escape speed is reached.D. ‘Free fall' takes the place of the Earth's gravitational pull.Passage 3Crime is a very serious problem in Britain. One sort of crime which particularly worries people is juvenile delinquency –that is, crimes committed by young people. For some years juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪had been increasing. There are two main sorts of juvenile crimes: stealing and violence. Most people do not understand why young people commit these crimes. There are, I think, a large number of different reasons.These crimes are not usually committed by people who are poor or in need. Young people often dislike and hate the adult world. They will do things to show that they are rebels.反抗Also in Britain today it is easier for young people to commit crimes because they have more freedom to go where they like and more money to do what they like .There are two other possible causes which are worth mentioning. More and more people in Britain live in large towns. In a large town no one knows who anyone else is or where they live. But in the village I come from crimes are rare because everyone knows everyone else.Although it is difficult to explain, I think the last cause is very important. Perhaps there is something with our society which encourages violence and crime. It is a fact that all the time children are exposed to films and reports about crime and violence. Many people do not agree that this influences the young people, but I think that young people are very much influenced by the society they grow in. I feel that the fault may be as much with our whole society as with these young people.11. From the passage we know that many British people are confused about _D_______.A. the causes of juvenile crimesB. the rise of the crime rateC. the problem of crimes in their countryD. the various kinds of juvenile delinquency12. One reason why young people in large cities are more likely to commit crimes is that B________.A. they need more moneyB. they are free to moveC. they live a better lifeD. nobody knows anything about others13. According to the passage, which groups of the following young people are LEAST likely to commit crimes? BA. Those living in big cities.B. Those living in the countryside.C. Those who are very poor.D. Those who are in need of help.14. Unlike many others, the author holds that one important cause for juvenile delinquency is that _____A___.A. young people nowadays do not like adult worldB. young people in Britain today are freer than beforeC. young people are influenced by crime and violence in films and newspapersD. too many young people have come to live in big cities15. According to the passage, which is to blame for juvenile crimes, apart from the young peoplethemselves? CA. The adult world.B. Their parents.C. The society.D. The development of the cities.III.Cloze ( 20% )A contract is an agreement between two or more people (1) ________ one person agrees to do something by a specified date in return for something done by (2) ________. Usually the contract is a written document signed and dated by both (3) ________. It must state clearly the consideration, that is, what is to be given or done by one person in (4) _______ for what is given or done by the other. If one person does (5) ________ was promised and the other does not, that other may be sued in court and required by court order to make good. He or she (6) ________ also to be required to pay for damages suffered as a result of the failure to perform. The things (7) ________ by both parties must be stated in definite terms (8) ________ the court will hold that the contract is (9) ________ vague and general to be enforced. (10) ________, the time period within which the work is to be done must be definite or the court will say that the document is not a contract.1. A. in which B. which C. that D. on that2. A. another B. other C. the other D. others3. A. parts B. people C. parties D. aspects4. A. replace B. change C. payment D. exchange5. A. that B. what C. the thing D. something6. A. need B. has C. ought D. may7. A. to be done B. to do C. done D. being done8. A. and B. or C. else D. so9. A. so B. too C. rather D. over10. A. Similar B. The same C. Similarly D. Too。
英美报刊期末考试
题目：美英报刊文章选读期末论文姓名：专业：班级：学号：Lesson one又到一年开学季，莘莘学子们又开始背上行囊开始他们的大学旅程，踏上他们的寻梦之旅。
但他们同时也面临着选择高昂学费但名声斐然的私立学校，还是选择价格低廉且教学质量又有保障的州内公立大学这样一个难题。
本文题目很好阐述了本文主题，对于美国中产阶级的而言，倾家荡产将孩子送入昂贵的私立名校，表面光鲜，实则毫无裨益。
从本文的篇章结构来看，整体采取总分的结构。
本文首先提出对于中产阶级两难的抉择。
然后论述送孩子去私立学校不如送孩子去公立学校的原因，原因如下：1.私立大学的学费比州内公立大学要贵2.5倍；2.根据美国盖洛普民意测验的数据显示，私立大学生与公立大学生的幸福指数是相近的，而学生的负债率又与学生的幸福感指数成反比；3.大学生活的充实度并不在于你进入私立高校，因为无论是私立还是公立学到的东西是一样的，重点是在于自己是否有意愿参加课外活动和研讨会；4.大学毕业后，进入私立学校的学生似乎比公立学校的学生工资要高，但是根据美国著名经济学家的调查，毕业后工资的高低与学校无直接关系，而最重要的因素是学生个人的进取心以及家庭环境的影响；5.对于一些美国的少数名族对于名校也是趋之若鹜的现象，究其原因是想要有一个与外界，上流社会接触的机会，但是对于白人大学生而言，他们不需要这种机会；但作者也没有全盘否定中产阶级的孩子进入高等学府的希望，对于一些学生而言，他们的学业成绩可以使他们获得类似奖学金的资助，这样可以大大减轻学生的负债压力，但是很多学生没有利用这个机会。
那么对于中国的教育体系而言，中国也面临这样一个两难的局面，大学教育水平参差不齐，大学收费不合理，大学课程与社会就业所需脱节的问题也是层出不穷；但归根到底，学生的主观能动性才是大学生能否有所作为的关键。
1. If you are in this dilemma, which school do you prefer, the public one or the private one and what are your reasons?2. What are the important factors that will attribute to a successful college student?3. How do you choose your college, what attract you most about college?Private colleges are a waste of money for white, middle class kidsBy Max EhrenfreundThese students attend the University of Maryland in College Park. They were smart. (Sarah L. Voisin /the Washington Post)⒈Many parents whose kids have their eye on an exclusive, private college face a difficult question: Is it worth unloading your life's savings orhaving your child take on tens of thousands of dollars in student loans?⒉The average four-year private college costs over $42,000 a year for tuition, room and board, after all, while the average four-year public school costs less than half that -- $18,943 for in-state students, according to the College Board. So the question is really, really important, especially at a time when nearly half of recent college grads have a job that doesn't even require a degree.⒊Fortunately, for many Americans -- white, middle-class kids -- there's an easy answer: Don't pay more to go to a private college.⒋That means choosing the University of California over Pomona, the State University of New York over NYU and the University of Maryland over nearby American or George Washington.⒌Of course, if a student is getting a scholarship that heavily discounts the cost of attendance, the question isn't as relevant. And the answer to the question is much more complicated for kids from families in other racial socioeconomic groups. But for white kids with well educated parents, what matters is getting a college degree, not where it came from.⒍For starters, take a large survey of college graduates published this year by Gallup. It asked graduates how they were doing across five different metrics, including financially, physically and socially. Eleven percent of graduates of public universities and private universities said they were"thriving" across all five. Twelve percent of graduates of U.S. News & World Report's top 100 schools were thriving, essentially the same as the rest.Gallup⒎The happiest people, in general, were the ones who developed a relationship with a mentor, participated in extracurricular activities or took on a major academic project -- all things you can do at any school.⒏The biggest predictor of whether a graduate wasn't thriving was whether he or she had student loans. Fourteen percent of those without any debt said they were thriving, compared to 2 percent of those with more than $40,000 of debt. You can't draw iron-clad conclusions from that, but thosefigures should be worrisome all the same for anyone thinking about taking on student loans.What about earnings?⒐But these are general survey findings about well-being. What about a more precise measure: the income that college grads earn?⒑Alumni of selective schools do tend to make more money after they graduate. Yet it isn't clear whether that's because they learned something especially useful while they were in school because they had greater talents to begin with.⒒Economists Stacy Dale of Mathematica Policy Research and Alan Krueger of Princeton have examined this problem carefully.⒓Relying on a survey of graduates from about two dozen colleges and other data, they compared students who applied to the most selective schools when they were in 12th grade against those who applied to schools that were still selective, albeit less so. Dale and Krueger reasoned that those who applied to the most exclusive schools were more ambitious or had more potential as judged by their parents, teachers and counselors.⒔The two economists found that the students with more potential made more as adults, and the students with less made less -- no matter wherethey went to school. They conclude that how much you make depends on you, not where you get in.⒕Although the study concentrated on graduates of prestigious schools, Krueger wrote in an email that the logic of the study could likely be extended to other schools as well. If there's minimal to no gain to attending an elite private university, there's almost certainly zero gain from paying to apply for a less selective private university.⒖"When I was a resident tutor in a Harvard dorm in the 1980's, I saw a lot of students who were not serious about their schoolwork, and who wasted a lot of time with likeminded peers," Krueger wrote. "Determined students can get a good education in many places in the U.S., and graduates who are talented and hardworking often get recognized by employers."⒗These findings do not apply in every individual case. There's great variationin graduation rates among private colleges and among public universities, and going to a school where you're less likely to graduate puts your future earnings at risk. But these results do hold an important lesson for most kids who are white and whose parents also graduated from college -- a huge group of college applicants. (According to the College Board, about half of students taking the SAT this year were white, and about 57 percent had parents who had at least a bachelor's degree.)For minorities and low-income students, a more complex picture⒘The answer is much more complicated for blacks, Hispanics and those whose parents are comparatively less educated.⒙In Dale and Krueger's research, these groups did seem to make more money after attending more selective schools.⒚The authors suggest that attending an elite school might provide these students with access to a new social circle that provides themwith more economic opportunities later in life. Children of well-educated whites might already have that access and so don't gain anything from attending an elite school. Sometimes, it's who you know.⒛There could be other explanations. Perhaps at selective institutions, students from different circumstances pick up from their peers a setof social cues or professional habits that allow them to fitin among America's economically secure stratum, like how to ask for an informational interview or how to tie a bow tie.21. But even for these groups, there are important caveats. It's conceivable that for some, borrowing to pay tuition at a private school could be a wise decision financially. Yet the more a student has to borrow, the less likely the investment is to pay off, and borrowing for school is risky in any case. Costs can explode if a student takes longer than four years tograduate, as many do, and if the student drops out, debt can become impossible to manage. Alternative ideas -- such as starting at a community or state university, then transferring to a private one -- might also be attractive.22. But if they're qualified, these students should definitely consider applying to elite colleges, which will often help them pay tuition. U.S. News compiled this list of schools that pledge to meet 100 percent of their student's financial needs in order to ensure an affordable education. The 62 institutions on the list include the Ivy League, Stanford University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and other very exclusive schools. Only three of the schools are public. The Washington Monthly has another list of academically rigorous schools that offer generous financial aid.23. Many talented students from poor families don't realize that attending one of these schools can be affordable. The average out of pocket cost for low-income student at the most competitive private universities is only $6,754 per year, while less competitive schools require close to $20,000 a year, according to another study.24."The majority of high-achieving, low-income students do not apply to any selective colleges despite apparently being well qualified foradmission," write the authors, economists Caroline Hoxby and Christopher Avery.25. Added Lydia Frank of PayScale, which collects data on salaries and education in the workforce: "Their net price for that school might be a lot lower than they think. The reputation for a school being expensive prevents students from doing that research."(From The Washington Post,December 18, 2014)1.Have one's eye on(vi.)considering doing something carefully or take somethinginto serious consideration; 关注，考虑做某事2.Unload (vi.) take the load off, in this text it means spent a lot money on privatecollege 卸货，支付3.Take on(vi.) hold responsibility on something, here means have an obligation topay the school loan 承担4.In-state(adj.) within the boundary of other states, in this text in-state universityis more affordable for students 州内的5.Racial (adj.) of or related to genetically distinguished groups of people 种族的6.Mentor(n.) a wise and trusted guide and advisor, served as a teacher or trustedcounselor 良师7.Extra-curriculum(n.) outside the regular academic curriculum 课外活动8.Predictor(n.) indicator 指标9.Draw an iron-clad conclusion: inflexible entrenched and unchangeable result铁证如山10.Precise (adj.) sharply, exact or accurate and delimited精确的，明确的11.Alumni (n.) the alumni of a school, college, or university are the people whoused to be students there. Alumnus(plus)校友12.T alents (n.)is a natural ability to do something well人才13.A lbeit (adv.) introduce a fact or comment that reduces the force or significanceof what you have just said 虽然，表转折14.P restigious(adj.) an institution or a people is respected and admired by people;celebrated 有声望的，声名显赫的15.P icture (n.) When you refer to the picture in a particular place, you are referringto the situation there. 局面; 情况16.M inorities (n.) a minority are a group of people of the same race, culture, orreligion who live in a place where most of the people around them are of a different race, culture, or religion. 少数民族17.E lite (n.) people or organizations are considered to be the best of their kind. 精英18.P rovide… with: equip somebody with something, accommodate somebody withsomething, cater to one’s need 提供19.Access (vt.) If you have access to a person, you have the opportunity or rightto see them or meet them. 接触的机会; 接触的权利20.Stratum (n.) a stratum of society is a group of people in it who are similar intheir education, income, or social status. 社会阶层21.C aveat (n.) a caveat is a warning of a specific limitation of something such asinformation or an agreement. 警告; 提醒22.C onceivable (adj.) if something is conceivable, you can imagine it or believe it.可想像的; 可相信的23.Pay off (phrasal verb) if an action pays off, it is successful or profitable after aperiod of time. (某行动) 取得成功; 带来好结果24.A lternative(adj.) have another choice If one thing is an alternative to another,the first can be found, used, or done instead of the second. 替代品25.D rop-out(adj.) forced to leave school in that violate the school law or have abad performance on tests 辍学的piled (vi.) when you compile something such as a report, book, orprogrammed, you produce it by collecting and putting together many pieces of information. 汇编; 汇集27.R igorous (adj.) a test, system, or procedure that is rigorous is very thorough andstrict. (测试、制度、程序) 严格缜密的28.a ffordable(adj.) that you have the financial means for 买的起的1.The Washington Post:The largest and oldest newspaper in Washington D.C. Itgains a worldwide reputation by exposing the Watergate Scandal and forcing President Richard Nixon resigned. Most people regard it as the most prominent after the New York Times newspaper. Its headquarter is located in the capital of the United States, it is particularly good at reporting domestic politicaldynamics, on the contrary, the New York Times is usually good at reporting more prestigious international things. 华盛顿邮报2.Max Ehrenfreund is a blogger on the Financial deskand writes for Know More and Wonkblog and he is a journalist appointed by Washington Post.3.The University of Maryland：The University of Maryland University College(UMUC) is an American public university located in the unincorporatedcommunity of Adelphi in Prince George's County, Maryland in the UnitedStates. It is known primarily for its distance learning classes and programs; it serves over 90,000 students worldwide and is one of the largest distancelearning institutions in the world. 马里兰大学4. The College Board: A mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Boardwas created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of over 6,000 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education.Its aim is that all students should have access to an affordable and successful college experience. We offer recommendations to improve and simplify the financial aid system so that enrollment and full participation in college is possible for all students. 美国大学理事会5.Grads: graduates的缩写6. A Gallup poll：an opinion poll carried out by an official organization and used especially in forecasting the results of elections. The Gallup Poll usually refer to a poll that demonstrates the public opinions, and it was widely been used as a method for the mass media to represent public opinion. It was established by American statistician George Gallup. The feature of this poll is to use random sampling method and its ultimate goal is to minimize the deviation degree. 盖洛普民意测验7.U.S. News & World Report: an American media company that publishes consumer advice, rankings and analysis. Founded as a news weekly magazine in 1933, U.S. News transitioned to a digital-only publication in 2010. U.S. News is best known today for its influential Best Colleges and Best Hospitals rankings, but it has expanded its content and product offerings in education, health, money, careers, travel, and cars.The editorial staff of U.S. News & World Report is based in Washington,D.C. Brian Kelly has been the chief content officer since April 2007.美国新闻与世界报道8. Selective school: a school that admits students on the basis of some sort of selection criteria, usually academic. The term may have different connotations in different systems. The opposite is a comprehensive school（综合性学校）, which accepts all students, regardless of aptitude. 重点大学9. The middle class：a class of people in the middle of a societal hierarchy. In Weberian socio-economic terms, the middle class is the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the working class and upper class. The common measures of what constitutes middle class vary significantly among cultures. 中产阶级10. SAT: it stands for Scholastic Assessment Test, is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. It was first introduced in 1926, and its name and scoring have changed several times, being originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, then the Scholastic Assessment Test, then the SAT Reasoning Test, and now simply the SAT. 学术能力评估测试This news is really thought-provoking; it reflects a worldwide phenomenon to some extent. It concentrates on the most prevailing issue around the world, which strikes on the high tuition fee for college students. It goes without saying that knowledge is power, and it is really pathetic to see money gets in the way of knowledge acquisition. The highly-recognized and academic-renowned elite universities are ideal place for those who want to pursue their further studies. However, in this text the author bring up a very interesting perspective, that it not worth for middle-class parents to send their children to the expensive private schools. The author illustrates his points in the following ways. First and foremost, the tuition fee paid for the private school is 3times higher than the public one; Secondly, the students who study in the public university tend to be happier than the private ones, because they have little worry about their school loans. Thirdly, to be a successful student, a prestigious school only attributes little to students' accomplishment, what really matters is the student's personality and their learning attitude. Fourthly, the reason why some minorities are flooding into these institutions because it provides them with an access to the upper class, in which will give them more opportunities to get respect and dignity from the major group. But it is pointless for white students to do this, because they are part of this group. What's more what can you learn in private school can also be learned in public school because they are under the same educational system. Last but not least, which school did you attend has nothing to do with your future salary? In otherwords, you are like an entrepreneur who starts from scratch, and the future belongs to those who see the beauty in their dreams.In China, we also have a similar problem that is the disparity of the university teaching qualities and the discrimination among education circles. It is a loophole in a computer that contains virus which can easily penetrate and destroy the whole system. Recently, the value of the college degree stirs a heated discussion on the internet. I am in favor of the point of view that when comes to land a job it is your top priority to show your degree. It works like an invitation allow you to attend a party, it gives you permission to the company you dreamed of. But your reality competence matters more in the following procession, your adaptability, flexibility and your social network seems more important than your degree.All in all, entering a university you embark on a new journey, whether it is a highly-renowned and prestigious college or an ordinary university. It is your call to realize your dream, your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude.。
英美文学选读期末练习题
《英美文学选读》期末考试练习一、搭配题二、判断题1.( F ) Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Antony and Cleopatra are Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies.2.(T ) The Elizabethan Drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.3.'4.( T) Paradise Lost is a long epic divided into 12 books.5.( F) Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, Colonel Jack, and A Journal of the Plague Year are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people.6.( T) Jonathan Swift defined a good style as “proper words in proper places.”7.( T ) Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel.”8.( F) William Blake, William Wordsworth, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge are regarded as the “Lake Poets.”9.{10.( T ) The British Romantic period is an age of prose.11.( T ) The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is love and marriage.12.( T ) The Victoria period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.13.( F ) Far from the Madding Crowd is Thomas Hardy’s first novel.14.( T ) Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism.15.<16.( T ) The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. 17.( T) The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats’s matured poetry marked rise of “modern poetry.”18.( T ) Shaw’s plays have one passion, and one only, that is, indignation.19.( F) Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies.20.( T ) The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.21.%22.( T ) Paradise Lost is John Milton’s masterpiece.23.( F ) Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, Colonel Jack, and A Journal of the Plague Year are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people.24.( T ) In Jonathan Swift’s opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed.25.( T) Henry Fielding was the first to write specifically a “comic in prose.”26.( F ) William Blake, William Wordsworth, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge are regarded as the “Lake Poets.”27.，28.( F ) The British Romantic period is an age of poetic drama.29.( T ) Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, Prometheus Unbound.30.( T ) Oscar Wilde and Walter Pater are advocators of the theory of “art for art’s sake.”31.( F ) From Under the Greenwood Tree, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of Thomas Hardy’s novels.32.( T ) The French symbolism heralded modernism.33.@34.( T ) The modernist writers pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one.35.( T) Kingsley Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim.36.( T ) The Waste Land is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.37.( F) Shakespeare’s greatest tragedy is Romeo and Juliet.38.( T) In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and poetic drama were the most outstanding literary forms.39.{40.( T ) Samson Agonistes is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English.41.( F ) Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, Colonel Jack, and A Journal of the Plague Year are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people.42.( T ) Jonathan Swift is a master satirist.43.( T ) Henry Fielding was the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.44.( F ) William Blake, William Wordsworth, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge are regarded as the “Lake Poets.”45.$46.( F ) Novel was the most popular literary form in the British Romantic period.47.( T ) “A Song: Men of England” was written in 1819, the year of the Peterloo Massacre.48.( T) Charles Dickens and the Bronte Sisters are representatives of critical realism.49.( F ) Thomas Hardy belongs to one of the English romantic poets.50.( T ) Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.51.!52.( T ) The modernist writers are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual.53.( T ) James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist.54.( T ) D. H. Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works.三、名词解释1.Antagonist: A person or force opposing the protagonist in a narrative; a rival of thehero or heroine.2.>3.Allegory: A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings representabstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literalmeaning and a symbolic meaning.4.Alliteration: The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry.5.Canto: A section or division of a long poem.6.Characterization: the means by which a writer reveals that personality.edy: In general, a literary work that ends happily with a healthy, amicablearmistice between the protagonist and society.8.！9.Critical Realism: The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and inthe beginning of fifties. The realists first and foremost set themselves the task ofcriticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the cryingcontradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate socialevils.10.Elegy: A poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual. An elegy is atype of lyric poem, usually formal in language and structure, and solemn or evenmelancholy in tone.11.Epic: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflectingthe values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from anoral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were writtendown.12.Flashback: A scene in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem that interruptsthe action to show an event that happened earlier.13.Imagery: Words or phrases that create pictures, or images, in the reader’s mind.Images can appeal to other senses as well: touch, taste, smell, and hearing.14.>15.Lyric: A poem, usually a short one, which expresses a speaker’s personal thoughts orfeelings. The elegy, ode, and sonnet are all forms of the lyric.16.Metaphor: A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things whichare basically dissimilar. Unlike simile, a metaphor does not use a connective wordsuch as like, as, or resembles in making the comparison.17.Protagonist: The central character of a drama, novel, short story, or narrative poem.The protagonist is the character on whom the action centers and with whom thereader sympathizes most. Usually the protagonist strives against an opposing force,or antagonist, to accomplish something.18.Setting: The time and place in which the events in a short story, novel, play ornarrative poem occur. Setting can give us information, vital to plot and theme. Often,setting and character will reveal each other.19.Simile: It refers to a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two thingsthrough the use of a specific word of comparison, such as “like, as, or resemble”.The comparison must be between two essentially unlike things.20.【21.Soliloquy: In drama, an extended speech delivered by a character alone onstage.The character reveals his or her innermost thoughts and feelings directly to theaudience, as if thinking aloud.22.Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. Asonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.23.Tragedy: In general, a literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy ordisastrous end. Unlike comedy, tragedy depicts the actions of a central characterwho is usually dignified or heroic.四、简答题1.What do the William Shakespeare’s tragedies have in common#Each portrays some noble hero ,who faces the injustices of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation .Each hero has his weakness is made used of the nature: Hamlet the melancholic scholar-prince,faces the dilemma between action and mind ; Othello`s inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the king lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity; and Macbeth`s lust for power stirs up his ambitions and leads him to incessant crimesShakespeare dramatizes the whole world around the hero.2.“Never did sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill;-Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(from Wordsworth’s sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge).Questions:A.What does this sonnet describeA vivid picture of a beautiful morning in LondonB. What does the word “mighty heart” refer toLondonB.【C.The sonnet follows strictly the Italian form. What is the feature of the Italian form sonnetThere is a clear division between the octave and the sestet; the rhyme scheme is abbaabba, cdcdcd.3.“Wherefore feed and clothe and save4.From the cradle to the grave5.Those ungrateful drones who would6.Drain your sweat- nay, drink your blood”Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.Percy Bysshe Shelley ; A song :Men of England.B. What figure of speech is used in Line 2`MetonymyC. Whom does “drones” refer toParasitic class in human society .7.Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer. In him we see the influence from both the pastand the modern. Some critics believe that he is intellectually advanced and emotionally traditional. How do you understand this idea8.\9.What is the theme of Wuthering HeightsFrom the social point of view, it is a story about a poor man abused,betrayed and distorted by his social betters because he is a poor nobody . As a love story, this is one of the most moving : the passion between Heathcliff and Catherine proves the most in tense , the most beautiful and at the same time the most horrible passion ever to be found possible in human beings.10.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s dayThou art more lovely and more temperate:：Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:”Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are takenWilliam Shakespeare; Sonnet 18.！B. Name the figure of speech employed in the poem.The first line: rhetorical question ,C. What is the theme of the poemHe has a profound meditation on the destructive power of time and the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves .11.“When the stars threw down their spears,`And water’d heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to seeDid he who made the Lamb make thee”Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are takenWilliam Blake , The TygerB. Whom does the “he’’ refer to&The god who create the Tyger.C. What does the “Lamb” symbolizeSymbol of peace and purity12.“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, a nd little, I am soulless and heartless —Youthink wrong!… And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you…—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as i f both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal—as we are!”Questions:A.Identify the author and the novel from which the quoted part is taken.。
英美报刊选读期末作业
英美报刊文章选读1. Correct sentences: b d ea.PHILADELPHIA(AP)-Contac and two other popular over-the-counter medicines were withdraw from the market on Friday after rat poison was found in eight capsules that had been tampered with, the drug manufacturer said.c. W ASHINGTON(AP)-President Reagan told leaders of Nicaragua‟s rebel movement today “ we‟re in this together” ,and vowed that “we will never give up” until he can reverse a House vote denying 100 million dollars in military and other aid to the insurgents.f. A bearded gunman believed to be in his 30‟s robbed the Telco Federal Credit Union (1215 E Ashland Ave), of more than $15,000 on Tuesday and escaped in rush-hour traffic.2. Chicago Tribun e-A house in Mt. Prospect caught a fire at 4:40 a.m. on Saturday, which caused the death of Lilian Kozy, an 88 years old woman who lived in 804 S. School St and she was pronounced dead at 5:34 a.m. in Holy Family Hospital because of smoke inhalation.3. After the bank officials reported more than $450,000 turned up mi ssing, the FBI has been investigating on the city‟s largest bank, the First National Bank, for the last 2 weeks, and as a result, late Wednesday,the bank president confirmed an officer of the bank who was cooperating with authorities had been fired in the embezzlement scheme.4. a. “A new football coach will be hired by Friday,” said Athletic director Cliff Gibson.b. “This is a Great Day for GENEV A .” said Mayor Johnson.c. According to Smith, there are several “First-Rate Prospects”: Charles Mays, ichard Kile, John Haring, and Stanley Kelly.d. The teacher asked, “What is the capital of Delaware?”e. John wondered why every teacher always expects us to know all the state capitals.f. “My professor quoted Benvolio from Romeo and Juliet who said, …Why, Romeo，art thou mad?‟ ”said Susan.g. “The president will hold a press conference Thursday evening at 6 o‟clock,” said Johnson.h. “The problem,” Smith said, “is that nobody seems to know what is happening.”i. Smith said：“Journalists often work long hours. H owever, the extra hours are worth it if a solid story can be gained. The best journalists are more than willing to take the extra time.”5. The first version: The title uses a simple statement sentence, and ittells the readers the result of the accident. So readers can know the story as soon as possible. The beginning of the news is used a summary lead, a long and complicated sentence, which gives an account of “what”, “when”, “who”, “where” and “why”. What‟s more, the words are objective, the news tends to use long sentences and its structure is loose. The second version: The title uses a compound sentence, and they are capitalized. So it is good to attract the attention of readers and inspire the readers‟ interest to move on reading. Besides, the beginn ing of the news pays much attention to the astonished result of the accident. Last but not least, compared to the first version, the words used in the second news are more formal and it describes the same story more vividly and emotionally.6. The first passage: The headline uses a simple statement sentence. At the beginning of the news, the first two words are used in capital forms which can catch the attention of the readers. Furthermore, a lot of indirect quotations and passive voice has been used quite frequently in this passage. For example, “…I don‟t think this is going to help, really,‟ a spokesman said.”, “His body was found on Saturday”. However, the news is too long for readers to spend too much time reading it to the end.The second passage: The headline is capitalized, so it can attract the readers‟eyes and inspire readers‟ curiosity to go on reading. At thebeginning of the news, the first word is also used in capital forms which can catch the attention of the readers. And the second passage is only a few lines long so that it is easy for readers to concentrate on it. Besides, punctuation is used sparingly in this passage. At last, the lexis is common and most of the sentence is compound sentences.。
英语报刊选读期末作业.docx
英语报刊选读期末作业班级：08级英语3班姓名：田甜学号：0820100300301. In the article under the title 9.11 Investigation Report Disclosed Inside Stories^ how does the author incorporate the stylistic features that enable the press comments to voice his subjective opinions? Please study the Analysis for your reference, which follows the article in the textbook.Answer:In this news the author introduce some stories disclosed “9.11，，investigation report. The structure of this news report is fairly clear. In the first place, the author serves the title as the topic sentence of the whole article, whafs more, it can arouse reader's interest to continue in reading・ Secondly, the author use the first paragraph to emphasize the topic of this news, which summarizes the main idea of the news report and provides scaffolding upon which the rest of the news can be based on. Finally, the author divided the article into 4 parts, furthermore, every part can be summarized in one word. These four nouns respectively are “ embarrassment, rejoicing, indifference, anxiety，，，and these 4 nouns represent 4 types of emotions.Personally speaking, the style of this news report is the most acceptable for many readers.2. According to the textbook, what kind of writing is the article entitled Laws Limit Options When A Student Is Mental Illi You are required to offer a convincing explanation as to how the author composes all the parts of his article by building the explanatory structure・Anwser:The writing of this article is Law.This text report introduced laws in America that bound the behavior of universities when dealing with mentally ill students.The whole passage can be divided into 3 parts, that ground, argument, and conclusion.The argument is the first paragraph, in this paragraph, the author presented his point. And the grounds part begins with Paragraph2.lt explicitly states the problem of many universities, but unclear.When in the paragraph4 to paragraph 11, the writer tried to illustrate his point. From paragraph 12, the writer focus to the related laws. This help readers have a panoramic view of the whole situation and better understanding of roles those laws play. In the end, the author presented some altitude・3. Study the article under the title Bridge Collapse in MinneapolisKills At Least Seven together with the analysis that follows, and then do your composition on the methodical manner that the author adopts to provide for his readers the objective description of the sudden bridge collapse.Answer:The title of this is in active voice starting with bridge collapse, with the accident itself functioning as the subject. In the paragraph 1 the author gives us the background of this accident: where and when it happened and what may have caused it. He provides us death and injury toll in the second paragraph and refers to the response of the government. Generally speaking, paragraph 1・4 give us a general introduction of this accident. Paragraph 5-15 describe it and provide recounts by witnesses. In paragraph 5 of the description phrase witness narration occupies large space. Apart from describing television images in the twelfth paragraph, paragraph 8-15 quote 4 witnesses: Leah R. Fulin, Janet Stately, Courtney Johnson and Berndt Toivonen. They offer us reliable information and present a whole picture of this accident.And the last part gives us the possible reasons: 'very busy bridge \ "over work \ "preliminary signs of fatigue on the steel truss section \ 'an unusual design \ etc.. Paragraph 23-25 touch on the aftermath of the bridge collapse which includes the postponement of a baseball game and a groundbreaking ceremony for a new stadium as well as the disruption ofcellphone calls. Then the responses from the government are detailed in the last paragraph・。
英美报刊选读期末试卷
闭卷 A卷开卷（开卷考试禁止使用手机等电子设备）□B卷大学试题、试卷纸班级: 2019专升本英语课程名称: 英美报刊选读拟题人: 2021 年4月 28日姓名: 学号: 审题人: 年月日请将所有的答案都写在答题卡上!!!Section I Fundamental Knowledge of News Reading (50 points in all) Part A. Multiple Choice Question (40 points in all, 2 points each)Directions: choose an appropriate answer for each of the following sentences.1. News is a _____________ of a recent or what is reported in a newspaper, news periodical, or newsbroadcast with news values.A. storyB. commentC. recordD. report2. The news that deals with formal or serious topics and events is called ___________.A. hard newsB. soft newsC. hot newsD. home news3. The news that deals with informal or interesting topics and events is called ___________.A. hard newsB. soft newsC. hot newsD. home news4. The news that provides the latest information is called ____________.A. hard newsB. soft newsC. hot newsD. home news5. The types of journalism include the news story, news report, feature,editorial, and __________.A. eventB. commentaryC. obituaryD. announcement6. The most important news can be found in the __________ of the major English newspapers.A. second pageB. third pageC. front pageD. the last page7. News summary is usually laid on the ___________ page.A. second pageB. third pageC. front pageD. the last page8. News lead is usually located ______________.A. under the headlineB. under the news summaryC. on the second pageD. on the last page9. ___________ is the heading printed in large, outstanding letters above a story in a newspaper.A. News summaryB. News leadC. News headlineD. Editorial10. The word “metro” which appears in front page of a news paper means ____________.A. subwayB. international newsC. city newsD. national news11. The comma used in the headline “Maria, Lisa win the Best Young Actress” means____________.A. orB. andC. butD. with12. The comma used in the headline “Bomb Blows Down Bus in Thailand, Kills 3 Soldiers”means__________.A. orB. andC. butD. with13. The colon used in the headline “President Bush: Banned Weapons Will Be Found”means___________.A. andB. saysC. isD. does14. The colon used in the headline “Teenage Chinese actors: True Masters of Arts” means ___________.A. andB. saysC. areD. do15. The colon used in the headline “Mao: We Should Support Third World Countries” means _________.A. andB. saysC. isD. does16. What type of news people can read in the category of “diversion” which appears in the front page? ___________A. international newsB. local newsC. recreational newsD. hard news17. What type of news people can read in the category of “obituary” which appears in the front page? _________A. good newsB. sad newsC. hard newsD. soft news18. What type of news people can read in the category of “kaleidoscope” which appears i n the front page? __________A. hard newsB. soft newsC. hot newsD. all kinds of news19. The term “Sino-America” means ___________.A. only AmericaB. north AmericaC. China and AmericaD. Canada and America20. The term “Forex” means ______________.A. fax machineB. foreign exchangeC. foreign tradeD. further control Part B. Fill in the blanks (10 points in all, 2 points each)Directions:fill in the blanks with appropriate word (s) which are omitted in the following headlines.21. __The____Italian Ex-mayor _has been___ Murdered.22._____A_ Banker _was_____ Found Dead in Garage.23. ______People who __ Have Dollars, ____it____ Will Sell.24. ____There were____No Survivors in ____the ___ Gulf Air Crash.25. Colombian __vaccine was _______ Sent to U.S. for Drug Trial.Section II Summing Up News Lead (20 points in all, 4 points each) Please indicate the 5W in the following News Lead.1 dead, 11 injured in Kunming smashThe wreckage of a sedan and a bus that plunged into a river after a head-on crash in Kunming, capital of Yunnan Province, yesterday. The bus careered (猛冲) off the road and into the river after colliding with the sedan. The sedan driver was killed and 11 bus passengers injured. It is said that the accident was due to the slippery road after raining.26.Who ______ sedan driver __bus passengers ________27.What _____ The wreckage of a sedan and a bus that plunged into a river after a head-on crash ______28.When _______ yesterday ________29.Where ___ in Kunming, capital of Yunnan Province ____________30.Why _____ the accident was due to the slippery road after raining ____________Section III Reading Comprehension (30 Points in all, 2 points each) Directions:Read the following three news from the textbook carefully and then decide the correct answer for each of the following questions marked 31 through 45.News #1: Is an Ivy League Diploma Worth It?(Lesson Four, Page 32-35)31.Why did Daniel Schwartz enroll City University of New York’s Macaula y Honors College instead of Cornell University?A.because Cornell University is not an Ivy League.B.because Macaulay Honors College is more prestigious than Cornell University.C.because he doesn’t need to pay tuition at Macaulay Honors College.D.because he was not accepted by Cornell University.32.“As student-loan default rate climb and college graduates fail to land jobs, an increasing number of students are betting they can get just as far with a degree from a less-expensive school......”(Paragraph 4). What does the word “land” and “are betting” mean in the quoted sentence, respectively?A.quit, are making a betB. find, are arguingC. find, are thinkingD. get, are denying33.“Such choices meant families across all income brackets spent 9% less-- an average of $21,889 in cash, loans, scholarships and other methods -- on college in 2010-11 than in the previous year, according to the report.” Which of the following is TRUE according to the above quoted sentence?A.Families across all income levels spent about $23,859 on college in 2009-10 school year.B.Low-income families spent about $23,859 on college in 2010-11 school year.C.High-income families spent about $23,859 on college in 2009-10 school year.D.Families across all income levels spent about $21,889 on college in 2009-10 school year.34.“Attending a private university still can pay off.” (paragraph 16) What does the phrase “can pay off” mean in the above quoted sentence?A.can wipe off debtB. is worthwhileC. is more expensiveD. can bring drawbacks35.Natasha ________ an offer from Boston college after she got to know that her family would need to spend $30,000 a year.A. AcceptedB. hesitated aboutC. consideredD. refusedNews #2: Five myths about the American dream(Lesson Nine, Page 97-100)36.According to the survey of more than 1,300 adults, about one-third of Americans ranked ______ as their first definition of the American dream.A.wealthB. a good life for my familyC. financial securityD. freedom37.According to the survey of more than 1,300 adults, which of the following is mostly valued by Americans as their dream?A.HealthB. freedomC. opportunityD. pursuit of happiness38.“Those who profit most from h omeownership are far and away the largest source of political campaign contribution.” The meaning of the above quoted sentence is that ___________.A.Those who profit most from homeownership are not the largest source of political campaign contribution.B.Those who profit most from homeownership are so far the largest source of political campaign contribution.C.Those who profit most from homeownership are so far the smallest source of political campaign contribution.D.Those who profit most from homeownership are far from the largest source of political campaign contribution.39.“One in five American homeowners is underwater, owing more a mortgage than what the home is worth.” The phrase “is underwater” in the above quoted sentence means _____________?A.The house is beneath waterB. the house is devaluedC. the homeowner became richerD. the homeowner feels happier40. The term "American dream" was created by __________.A. George WashingtonB. James AdamsC. Martin Luther KingD. Abraham LincolnNews #3 Pentagon Digs In Our Cyberwar Front(Lesson 11, Page 118-120)41.“The U.S. military is accelerating its cyberwar training programs to prepare for conflict on an emerging battlefield.” The above cited sentence means that _____________________.A.The U.S. military is speeding up its cyberwar training programs to prepare for conflict on an burgeoning battlefield.B.The U.S. military is slowing down its cyberwar training programs to prepare for conflict on an burgeoning battlefield.C.The U.S. military is speeding up its internet war training programs to prepare for conflict on an outdated battlefield.D.The U.S. military is terminating its internet war training programs to prepare for conflict on an incoming battlefield.42.“In June, the U.S. Air Force’s elite Weapon School graduated its first class of six airmen trained to fight in cyberspace.” The above cited sentence means that _____________________.A.Six pilots who graduated in June from U. S. Air Force’s elite Weapon School will be trained to fight in air war.B.The first batch of six pilots trained to fight in cyberwar graduated in June from U.S. Air Force’s elite Weapon School.C.Six pilots who graduated in June from U. S. Air Force’s elite Weapon School were receiving training to fight in cyberspace.D.Only six airmen graduated in June from U. S. Air Force’s elite Weapon School were qualified for receiving training to fight in cyberspace.43.“Cyberwarfare techniques have been deployed in an U.S. and Israeli campaign to undermine Iran's nuclear program.” What does the word “deployed” mean in the above cited sentence?A.settled downB. worked outC. arrangedD. designed44.“While cyber may not look or smell exactly like a fighter aircraft or a bomber aircraft, the relevancy in any potential conflict is the same.” The above cited sentence means that _____________________.A.The conflict in cyberwar is different from the real air war.B.The conflict in cyberwar is highly related to the real air war.C.Fighter aircraft or bomber aircraft are involved in cyberwar.D.Both cyberwar and real air war need fighter aircraft or bomber aircraft.45.According to the text, ______ is the main air force aggressor in cyberwar.manderB. generalC. officerD. hacker。
美英报刊选读期末考试题目
美英报刊选读期末考试题目美英报刊选读课程期末考试课程名称：美英报刊文章选读考察性质：考查课考查内容：论文撰写试题Based on what we have learned during the whole semester, choose one among the following 7 topics and write an essay about 1000 words. Your essay shall be scored grounded on your understanding of the topic, your writing skills, your insightful analysis, etc.1. Parenting TypesDirections: What are the factors that have made such big differences between the American way and Chinese way of parenting? Which one do you prefer and why?2. Higher Education—T o be or not to be?Directions: During Lesson 4, American high education systems are discussed. Please think over merits and demerits of private colleges and public colleges and write an essay.3. The “New” WarDirections: During Lesson 6, we have learned deep relations among American’s politics, economy and religion. How would you comment on their relations and how do they influence American society.4. “Change” Can Be “Forward”.Directions: In 2012, Barack Obama wins second term as U.S. president. Combining his success, please state the factors to his victory and your opinion on the American democracy.5. Terrorized by “War on Terror”Directions: The War on Terror is the campaign launched by United States in response to the 9/11 attacks against organizations designated terrorism. Please analyze the causes of terrorism and the results of this war.6. The Road To ComeDirections: Which system do you think is better for Britain, republic or monarchy?7. Religion and PoliticsDirections: What is the relation between religion and politics in U.S.A.?。
英语报刊选读期末考试题型
英语报刊选读期末考试题型
一，阅读：段落匹配题（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）来自课外
二，翻译题：英译汉（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）来自课本
三，新闻写作1，写一篇60字左右的即时新闻报道，必须覆盖新闻报道的关键因素：时间、地点、事件、背景、预计后续等。
缺乏任一要素酌情扣分。
语法词汇问题酌情扣分。
（共1小题，25分）；来自课外
四，新闻写作2，写一篇150字左右的新闻评论。
要求分析给出新闻素材的内容、观点，并结合自身的理解做出评论。
与新闻主题无关的写作视为离题，给分不超过10分。
词汇、语法、语言逻辑等均作为评分依据。
（1小题，40分）来自课外
备注：考试千万不可作弊，诚信第一。
及格易，作弊不易，且考且珍惜。
英美报刊考题
英语报刊阅读练习题（二）I. 1. 3. 5. 7. 9.11.13.15.17.19.Translate the following words into Chinese. International Herald TribuneDaily TelegraphIRNNational Economic CouncilFederal Judicial CenterSolicitor-GeneralHigh Court of Justicerunning mateCHRG-72.4.6.8.10.12.14.16.18.20.U.S. News & World ReportNew Scienti stSecretary of the TreasuryGovernorLord Pricy SealMetropolitan Countydistance educationADBGATTUNDPII. Translate the following two short paragraphs.1.America’s strength and prosperity are testaments to the enduring power of our foundingideals, among them, that all men are created equal, and that liberty is God’s gift to humanity, the birthright of every individual.台湾是中国的一部分。
国家绝不允许“台独”分裂势力以任何名义、任何方式把台湾从中国分裂出去。
2.III. Rewrite the following headlines if necessary.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.Married Women to Get Care AllowanceNo Survi vors in Gulf Air CrashKilling in the Name of GodThailand, Malaysia Ink Sea TreatyMao: We Should Support Third World CountriesIV. Read the following news and then choose the right answer to each question.News Item 1Important talks have been taking place between the Prime Minister and Trade Union leaders. They have agreed to work together to find ways of combating inflation and reducing the presentlevel of unemployment in industry. Meanwhile, the Government has failed to prevent a national bus strike, and the bus drivers’ union ha s announced that no buses will run from Monday. Thedeci sion to go ahead with the strike was announced by a union spokesman at the end of a meetingearlier this afternoon during which Government representatives failed to persuade the union and the employers to agree on a new wage plan.1. The Prime Minister and Trade Union agreed to _____.A. rebuild industryB. reduced unemploymentC. stop a bus drivers’ strike2. 3.D. work out a new wage planThe bus drivers’ union has decided to _____.A. go on the national bus strikeB. accept the Government’s planC. agree on a new wage planD. stop the strike from next MondayThe decision for the bus strike was announced _____.A. earlier thi s afternoonB. last MondayC. last nightD. this morningNews Item 2Local police in the Yangtze River port of Chongqing, China have seized a total of 6 kilograms of drugs in an anti-narcotics campaign during the year. Since July 1996, 1,200drug-related cases have been cracked and around 200 drug traffickers arrested, said public security bureau drugs officers in the city. Chongqing is the largest inland industrial center in China, and its port is the largest on the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River.4. How many drug-related cases have been cracked by Chongqi ng local police since July 1996?A. 20.B. 100.C. 1,200.D. 600.News Item 3In a significant reversal for the IRA, the Clinton administration has denied a visa to Berry Adams, the Sinn Fein leader and a prominent member of the organization’s ruling army council. Now the administration believes neither Adams nor the IRA i s to be trusted. In recent months, Private discussion between Sinn Fei n leaders and the administration have been tough, with American officials warning that unless action was taken to enforce a ceasefire official contact would be broken.5. We can know from the news that _____.A. Gerry Adams was denied a vi sa by the administrationB. private talks have been going on very smoothlyC. the administration trusts the IRA and AdamsD. there has been no change in their relationship6. Official contact between the U.S. and the IRA can be kept if _____.A. Gerry Adams i s allowed into the countryB. the IRA takes action to cease fireC. they hold more private discussionD. the U.S. changes its attitudeNews Item 4Seven members of an extreme right-wing terrorist group involved in a plot send letter bombsto addresses in London were arrested following a series of raids by armed police in Denmark. A Danish police officer was shot and wounded during one of the raids. The targets in London are understood to have been two right-wing activities and a journalist. Three letter bombs, disguised as videotapes, believed to have been made in Denmark, were also intercepted in Sweden. Six men and a women, all aged between 20 and 22, were arrested.7. To whom were the letter bombs intended to send?A. The Danish Police.B. Six Swedish people.C. A Danish woman.D. Three right-wingers.8. What can be inferred from the news?A. There has been an internal struggle among right-wingers.B. These letter bombs were all made in Sweden.C. There has been no injury during the raids.D. The Letter bombs have caused great damage.News Item 5An army denti st was killed and another soldier injured when they fell 500ft during an expedition to climb North America’s highest peak. Major Mark Trevillyan, attac hed to the Royal Army Dental Corps at Bicester and believed to be in his early thirties, died after falling on Mount Mckinley in Alaska. He was attached by rope to Lance Corporal Paul Holmes, 27, who suffered concussion.9. The accident took place _____.A. in Alaska.B. in South America.C. at Bicester.D. in the army camp.10. What does Mark Trevillyan do?A. A scienti st.B. A chemist.C. A dentist.D. A student.V. Read the following article and then answer the questions below.Ice May Hold Clues to Life on MarsNick Hoffman of the University of Melbourne sai d the latest images taken by the Mars Odyssey orbiter had revealed curious hotspots in the Hellas Basin that could be similar to ice towers in Antarctica, where microbial life forms live on chemical energy.These hotspots, he said, could prove a better place to find signs of life than gullies that some speculate may have been gouged by running water.“I don’t personally believe that (finding life) is a c redible possibility, but nonetheless, if you are going to find life on Mars, this is probably the place it will be,” he said.Tracking bacteriaHoffman has worked on potential Mars ice towers with Professor Phil Kyle of the New Mexico Institute of Mi ning and Technology in the United States.Their research, based on NASA imagery and the study of the Mount Erebus volcano on Antarctica’s Ross Island, was presented at the 6th international Mars conference in Pasadena, California, in July.On Ross Island, steam from volcanic vents is converted directly into ice as it touches the frigid air, building tall, hollow chimneys where a microclimate allows bacteria to live.“On Mars, similar structures could be doubly valuable for potential Mars microbes,”Hoffman said, dubbing the prospect of finding life on the planet “a remote possibility”.NASA’s latest Mars mission, carrying two rovers to probe for signs that conditions on Mars once favored life, will not go anywhere near Hellas Basin, a deep impact crater about the size of Australia in the southern hemisphere of the planet.Nor will the European Space Agency’s Mars Express, which blasted off in June.Searching for waterScientists hope the two expeditions, pl us a Japanese mission, will find evidence that liquid water once existed on Mars and may have left long gullies or channels in the inhospitable terrain.Hoffman said infrared images taken by the Odyssey showed the hotspots in the Hellas Basin — laid out in a chain — were hotter than the surrounding environment both during the day and at night.Once the Odyssey’s companion satellite, the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft, takeshigh-resolution images of the formations in clear light, it will be possible to identify them definitivel y as ice towers or somethi ng el se.Hellas Basi n is the deepest part of Mars and has the highest air pressure, a prerequisite for liquid water. Elsewhere, the planet’s atmosphere i s so thin that wat er cannot form so heated ice i s likely to become vapor, missing out the liquid phase.“There will not be a convenient hot spring of liquid water flowing on the surface but there will be a steamy, moist vent in the ground with a lot of ice present and possi bly an ice tower.”Hoffman said.Comprehension1.According to Hoffman, _____.A. there was a great possibility to find life on MarsB. it is impossi ble to find life on MarsC. infrared images taken by the Odyssey showed the hotspots in Hellas Basi n were hotterthan the surrounding area all the timeD. Hellas Basin is the deepest part of Mars, thus has liqui d waterLatest images take by the Mar Odyssey orbiter revealed _____.A. hotspots where microbial forms liveB. hotspots in the Hellas Basin similar to ice towers in Antarctica2.C. gullies gouged by running waterD. potential life on MarsStructures on Mars _____.A. similar to those on Ross Island are suitable for microbial life formsB. similar to those on Ross Island are of valueless for potential Mars microbes3.4. 5.C. are not so valuable for potential Mars microbes than those on Ross IslandD. are much more val uable for potential Mars microbes than those on Ross IslandOn Ross Island, steam from volcanic vents is converted to ice as it touches the following except _____.A. cavesB. hollow chimneys with a microclimateC. cold airD. tall buildingWhich of the following statement is true?A. The formations of the hotspots in the Hellas Basin are identified as ice towers.B. Scientists have found long gullies left by liquid water on Mars.C. NASA’s latest Mars mission will try to find out evidence that conditions on Mars oncefacilitate life.D. NASA’s latest Mars mission will probe places around the Hellas Basin.Word StudyComplete each sentence with a word or phrase given bel ow (in its appropriate form if necessary). inhospitable prerequi site live ondubrevealblast offbase onsimilarconventprobe1. The uncurtai ned window _____ a cluttered room.2. The room was _____ from a kitchen to a lavatory.3. The region _____ the paradi se on earth.4. Searchlights _____ the night sky.5. Apollo 11 _____ at noon.6. The camel travels around the _____ desert.7. This novel is _____ hi storical facts.8. A master’s degree i s _____ for employment at this level.9. We have _____ tastes in music.10. She _____ fruits and vegetables.VI. The following questions are connected to your reading course studies. Write down in English your own opinions, using 100-120words each.Question:What do you consider to be the advantages of motor car possession, and also the social and environmental problems connected with its use?英语报刊阅读练习题（二）答案I. 1. 3.Translate the following words into Chinese.《国际先驱论坛报》《每日电讯报》2.4.《美国新闻与世界报道》《新科学家》5. 7. 9.（英）独立广播新闻社国家经济委员会联邦司法中心8.6.州长财政部长10. 掌玺大臣12. 都市郡14. 远程教育16. 亚洲开发银行18. 关税和贸易协定20. 联合国开发计划署11. 副检察长13. 高等法院15. 竞选伙伴（搭档）17. （联合国）人权委员会19. （西方）七国集团II. Translate the following two short paragraphs.参考译文：1.美国的强大和繁荣证明了我们建国理想的源源不绝的力量。
英美文学选读试题及答案
英美文学选读试题Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices [A],[B],[C],[D] of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter on the answer sheet.1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A.Christian2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales3.Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaisssance Movement?A.The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.B.The new discoveries in geography and astrology.C.The Glorious revolution.D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion.4.Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18?A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation.5.“And we will sit upon the rocks,/Seeing the shepherds f eed their flocks,/By shallow rivers to whose falls/Melodious birds sing madrigals.〞The above lines are probably taken from __.A.Spenser's The Faerie QueeneB.John Donne's “The Sun Rising〞C.Shakespeare's “Sonnet 18”D.Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love〞6.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem'd above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia:Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.〞The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A.dramatic irony7.The ture subject of John Donne's poem,“The Sun Rising,〞is to ___.A.attack the sun as an unruly servantB.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC.criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private lifeD.lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie8.Of all the 18thcentury novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specificall y a “___ in prose,〞the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.tragic epic B ic epicC.romanceD.lyric epic9.The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels are ___.A.horses that are endowed with reasonB.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdomD.hairy,wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.10.Here are four lines from a literary work:“Others for language all their care express,/And value books,as women men, for dress.〞The work is ___.A.Thomas Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard〞B.John Milton's Paradise LostC.Alexander Pope's Essay on CriticismD.Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream11.The phrase “to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils〞may well sum up the implied meaning of ___.A.Gulliver's TravelsB.The Rape of the LockC.Robinson CrusoeD.The pilgrim's Progress12.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A.the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB.the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC.the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech13.Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn〞?A.“I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!〞B.“They are both gone up to the church to pary.〞C.“Earth has not anything to show more fair.〞D.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty〞.14.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!〞is an epigrammatic line by __.A.J.KeatsB.W.BlakeC.W.Wordsworth15.“Ode o na Grecian Urn〞shows the contrast between the ___ of art and the ___ of human passion.A.glory …uglinessB.permanence…transienceC.transience…sordidnessD.glory…permanence16.In the statement“—oh,God! would you like to live with your soul in the grave?〞the term“soul〞apparently refers to ___.A.Heathcliff himselfC.one's spiritual lifeD.one's ghost17.The typical feature of Robet Browning's poetry is the ___.A.bitter satirerger-than-life caricaturetinized dictionD.dramatic monologue18.The Victorian Age was largely an age of ____,eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A.poetryB.drama D.epic prose19.___is the first important governess(家庭女教师) novel in the English literary history.A.Jane EyreHeights20.The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.wrence'sB.J.Galsworthy'sC.W.Thackeray’sD.T.Hardy’s21.___is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A.Richard SheridanB.Oliver GoldsmithC.Oscar WildeD.Bernard Shaw22.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B.To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past.23.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ___ in the American literary histrory.A.individual feelingsB.idea of survival of the fittestC.strong imaginationD.return to nature24.Henry David Thoreau's work,__,has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.B.The pioneersC.NatureD.Song of Myself25.The famous 20-years sleep in “Rip Van Winkle〞helps to construct the story in such a way that we are greatly affected by Irving's ___.A.concern with the passage of timeB.expression of transient beautyC.satire on laziness and corruptibility of human beingsD.idea about supernatural manipulation of man's life26.Walt whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry.His innovation first of all lies in his use of __,poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A.blank verseB.heroic coupletC.free verseD.iambic pentameter27.The literary characters of the American type in early 19th century are generally characterized by all the following features EXCEPT that they ___.A.speak local dialectsB.are polite and elegant gentlemenC.are simple and crude farmersD.are noble savages( red and white) untainted by society28.Hester Pryme, Dimmsdale,Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names of the characters in ___.A.The Scarlet LetterB.The House of the Seven GablestC.The Portrait of a LadyD.The pioneers29.“This is my letter to the World〞is a poetic expression of Emily Dickinson's __ about her communication with the outside world.A.indifferenceB.anger30.With Howells,James,and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, __ became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19thcentury.31.After The adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain gives a literary independence to Tom's buddy Huck in a book entitled ___.A.Life on the MississippiB.The Gilded AgeC.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court32.However,___,the keynote of Daisy Miller's character,turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.C.worldliness33.Generally speaking,all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be ___.A.transcendentalists34.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life.Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?A.Religion and immortality.B.Life and death.C.Love and marriage.D.War and peace.35.In “After Apple-Picking,〞Robert Frost wrote:“For I have had too much/Of applepicking:I am overtired/Of the great harvestI myself desired.〞From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is ___.A.happy about the harvestB.still very much interested in apple-pickingC.expecting a greater harvestD.indifferent to what he once desired36.Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ____.A.Ezra PoundB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Robert FrostD.Emily Dickinson37.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their __.A.indestructible spirtieB.pessimistic view of life38.IN The Emperor Jones and The Hairy Ape,O'Neill adopted the expressionist techniques to portray the ___ of human beings in a hostile universe.A.helpless situationC.profound religious faithD.courage and perseverance39.In Hemingway's “Indian Cmap〞,Nick's night trip to the Indian village and his experience inside the hut can be taken as ____.A.an essential lesson about Indian tribesB.a confrontation with evil and sinC.an initiation to the harshness of lifeD.a learning process in human relationship40.which of the following statements about Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner's story “A Rose for Emily,〞is NOT true?A.She has a distorted personality.B.She is physically deformed and paralyzed.C.She is the symbol of the old values of the South.D.She is the victim of the past glory.PART TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.“Her eyes met his and he looked away.He neither believed nor disbelieved her,but he knew that he had made a mistake in asking;he never had known,never would know,what she was thinking.The sight of her inscrutable face,the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that,soft and passive,but so unreadable, unknown, enraged him beyond measure.〞Questions:A.Identify the writer and the work.B.What does the phrase “inscrutable face〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?42.“And when I am formulated,sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.〞Questions:A.Identify the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “butt-ends〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?43.“God knows,…I'm not myself—I'm somebody else—…and I'm changed,and I can't tell what's my name,or who I am.〞Questions:A.Identify the work and the author.B.The speaker says he is changed.Do you think he is changed, or the social environment has changed?C.What idea does the quoted sentence express?44.“I shall be telling this wi th a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.〞Questions:A.Idenfity the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “ages and ag es hence〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?Ⅲ.Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.As a rule,an allegory is story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning,and an implied meaning.List two works as examples of allegory.What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning?46.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought.Who are the two?And what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers?47.The white whale,Moby Dick,is the most important symbol in Melville's novel.What symbolic meaning can you draw from it?48.Nature is a philosophic work, in which Emerson gives an explicit discussion on his idea of the Qversoul.What is your understanding of Emersonian “Oversoul〞?Ⅳ.Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism?Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.50.Summerize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about 100 words,and comment on the theme of the novel.Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)41.A.John Galasworthy:The Man of Property.B.A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.C.it presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife's coldness.He can never know what is on his wife's mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different.His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her husband's possessiveness.Being unable to read his wife's mind is as good as saying that he really can't regard her as his property- this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.42.A.T.S.Eliot:“The Love So ng of J.Alfred Pruforck.〞B.The ends of cigarettes,meaning trivial things here.C.Here,Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison .Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free.This image vividly shows Prufrock's current predicament.43.A.Washington Irving:“Rip Van Winkle〞.B.The social environment is changed.C.When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years,he finds thta everything has changed.All those old values are gone,and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society.One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick forchange.It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change,improvement,and progress could subvert stable society.44.A.Robert Frost:“The Road Not Taken〞.B.Many many years later.C.The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads.But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life.He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader.“Make good choice of your life.〞Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all,6 for each)45.A.Buyan's pilgrim's Progress and Spenser's The Faerie Queene.B.It is usually concerned with moral ,religious,political,symbolic or mythical ideas.46.A.The French philosopher,Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe.B.It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit;his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.〞Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.47.A.To Ahab,the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe,or perhaps both.B.To Ishmale,the whale is an astonishing force,an immense power,which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries.It is beautiful,but malignant at the same time.It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe,for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.C.As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man.It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man.In general,the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.48.A.The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness,omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part.It exists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.B.According to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.C.He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)49.a.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emoticon and accuracy,and that literature,should be judged in terms of its service to humanity,and thus,literary expressions should be of proportion,unity,harmony and grace.Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace,wit (usually though satire/humour),and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals,too);Fielding's Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel;Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' displays elegance in style,unified structure,serious tone and moral instructions.b.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience,including art,and thus,literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,〞and no matter how fra gmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,〞or “The Solitary Reaper,) or Coleridge's “Keble Khan〞),the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.c.In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…)50.A.Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a Sequa to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.The Story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850.Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it; One is an ignorant,uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and ,more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changes his mind ,his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friends as well.During their journey, they experience a series of adventures:coming across two frauds, the “Duke〞and the “King〞,witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom's coming to rescue. B.The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom〞: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization andJim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery.Mark Twain uses the raft's journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilizati。
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美英报刊选读课程期末考试
课程名称：美英报刊文章选读
考察性质：考查课
考查内容：论文撰写
试题
Based on what we have learned during the whole semester, choose one among the following 7 topics and write an essay about 1000 words. Your essay shall be scored grounded on your understanding of the topic, your writing skills, your insightful analysis, etc.
1. Parenting Types
Directions: What are the factors that have made such big differences between the American way and Chinese way of parenting? Which one do you prefer and why?
2. Higher Education—To be or not to be?
Directions: During Lesson 4, American high education systems are discussed. Please think over merits and demerits of private colleges and public colleges and write an essay.
3. The “New” War
Directions: During Lesson 6, we have learned deep relations among American’s politics, economy and religion. How would you comment on their relations and how do they influence American society.
4. “Change” Can Be “Forward”.
Directions: In 2012, Barack Obama wins second term as U.S. president. Combining his success, please state the factors to his victory and your opinion on the American democracy.
5. Terrorized by “War on Terror”
Directions: The War on Terror is the campaign launched by United States in response to the 9/11 attacks against organizations designated terrorism. Please analyze the causes of terrorism and the results of this war.
6. The Road To Come
Directions: Which system do you think is better for Britain, republic or monarchy?
7. Religion and Politics
Directions: What is the relation between religion and politics in U.S.A.?。