加热炉燃烧控制系统设计与仿真

摘要

冶金工业消耗大量的能源，其中钢坯加热炉就占钢铁工业总能耗的四分之一。自70年代中期以来，各工业先进国对各种燃烧设备的节能控制进行了广泛、深入的研究，大大降低了能耗。

步进式加热炉不仅是轧线上最重要的设备之一，而且也是耗能大户。钢坯加热的技术直接影响带钢产品的质量、能源消耗和轧机寿命。因此步进式加热炉优化设定控制技术的推广对钢铁企业意义重大。步进式加热炉的生产目的是满足轧制要求的钢坯温度分布，并实现钢坯表面氧化烧损最少和能耗最小。由于步进式加热炉具有非线性、不确定性等特点，其动态特性很难用数学模型加以描述，因此采用经典的控制方法难以收到理想的控制效果，只能依靠操作人员凭经验控制设定值，当工况发生变化时，往往使工艺指标（如空燃比）实际值偏离目标值范围，造成产品质量下降消耗增加。针对以上情况，本文通过理论和仿真比较说明使用双交叉限幅控制系统是一种比较好的燃烧控制方法。

关键词：步进式加热炉；空燃比；双交叉限幅；系统仿真

Abstract

Metallurgical industry consumes large amounts of energy, the billet heating furnace accounts for 1/4 of the total energy consumption of iron and steel industry. Since 70 time metaphase, the advanced industrial countries have conducted extensive research, in-depth on the energy saving control device of different combustion, greatly reduces the energy consumption.

Reheating furnace is not only the most important one of the equipment of the rolling line, but also a large energy consumer. Billet heating technology directly affects strip steel product quality, energy consumption and mill life. The step type heating furnace optimal setting control technology is of great significance to the promotion of iron and steel enterprises. Step type heating furnace production is designed to meet the requirements of the temperature distribution of the billet rolling surface, and to achieve the fewest stock scale loss and energy consumption. Due to the characteristics of reheating furnace is a nonlinear, uncertainty, its dynamic characteristics is difficult to use mathematical model to describe, so using classic control theory to receive the ideal control effect, can only rely on the operation experience of the personnel to control the set value, when the conditions change, often make the process indicators (such as the air fuel ratio) the actual value is far from the target range, decrease the product quality consumption increase. In view of the above situation, this paper through theoretical and simulation results illustrate the use of double cross limiting control system is a good method for controlling combustion.

Keywords: reheating furnace; air fuel ratio; double cross limit; system simulation

目录

摘要.............................................................................................................................. I 第一章引言 (1)

第二章步进式加热炉 (4)

2.1步进式加热炉简介 (4)

2.2 步进式加热炉工艺过程 (5)

2.3 加热炉控制技术的发展和现状 (8)

第三章燃烧控制系统设计及仿真 (9)

3.1 步进式加热炉生产工艺和控制要求 (9)

3.2 燃烧控制系统及仿真 (10)

3.2.1 Simulink简介 (10)

3.2.2 仿真模型的建立 (11)

3.2.3 串级比值控制系统设计及仿真 (12)

3.2.4 单交叉限幅燃烧控制系统设计及仿真 (17)

3.2.5 双交叉限幅控制系统设计及仿真 (22)

3.2.6 偏置单元和炉膛负压控制系统简介 (29)

第四章组态软件MCGS在加热炉控制中的应用 (30)

4.1 MCGS简介 (30)

4.2 MCGS在加热炉控制中的应用 (32)

第五章仪表选型 (34)

5.1 检测元件的选型 (34)

5.1.1 温度检测 (34)

5.2 压力和流量的测量 (36)