动词的被动语态

动词的被动语态

考点一：被动语态的构成及用法

词的被动语态

英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。

例如： We swept the floor. 我们打扫了地板。（主动语态）

The floor was swept. 地板被打扫过。（被动语态）

1.被动语态的构成

(1) 被动语态是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。

be有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规则与其作为连系动词的be的变化完全一样。

a被动语态的肯定句 Apple trees are planted in the south. 苹果树种在南方。

b被动语态的否定句 The building hasn't been completed. 这座建筑物没有竣工。

c被动语态的一般疑问句

被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是：Be+主语+过去分词（vt）+（by+宾语）Are they made in China? Yes, they are.

Was the museum built in 1993? No, it was built in 1986.

d 被动语态的特殊疑问句

被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（vt）。

What is the machine used for? It is used for making paper.

Where were the car made? They were made in China.

(2) 被动语态的几种时态形式：

a．一般现在时

结构：主语＋ am / is / are + 过去分词

主动句：She cleans her room every day.

被动句：Her room is cleaned (by her) every day. (肯定句）

否定句：Her room isn’t cleaned (by her) every day.

一般疑问句：Is her room cleaned (by her) every day?

注意：被动句的be助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化，其时态应与主动句的时态一致．

b.一般过去时

结构：主语＋was / were +过去分词

主动句：The workers made the VCD last week.

被动句：The VCD was made by the workers last week.(肯定句)

否定句: The VCD wasn’t made by the workers last week.

一般疑问句：Was the VCD made by the workers last week?

c. 一般将来时

结构：主语＋will be + 过去分词

主动句：My father will send me to America soon.

肯定句：I will be sent to America by my father soon.

否定句：I won’t be sent to America by my father soon.

一般疑问句：Will you be sent to America by your father soon?

d. 过去将来时

结构：主语＋would be + 过去分词

主动句：He said he would punish the naughty boy tonight.

肯定句：He said the naughty boy would be punished by him tonight.

否定句：He said the naughty boy wouldn’t be punished by him tonight.

e. 现在进行时

结构：主语＋ am / is / are + being + 过去分词

主动句：He is telling a story now.

肯定句：A story is being told by him now.

否定句：A story isn’t being told by him now.

一般疑问句：Is a story being told by him now?

f. 过去进行时

结构：主语＋was / were + being + 过去分词

主动句：He was telling a story when I came in.

肯定句：A story was being told by him when I came in.

否定句：A story wasn’t being told by him when I came in.

一般疑问句：Was a story being told by him when I came in?

g. 现在完成时

结构：主语＋have / has +been + 过去分词

主动句: The boy has finished the work.

肯定句: The work has been finished by the boy.

否定句: The work hasn’t been finished by the boy.

一般疑问句: Has the work been finished by the boy?

h. 过去完成时

结构：主语 + had + been + 过去分词

主动句: They had built ten buildings by 2003.

肯定句: Ten buildings had been built by them by 2003.

否定句: Ten buildings hadn’t been built by them by 2003.

一般疑问句: Had ten buildings been built by them by 2003?

i. 含有情态动词

结构：主语+can/may/must+be+过去分词

主动句: I can find it.

肯定句: It can be found by me.

否定句: It can’t be found by me.

一般疑问句: Can it be found by me?

2.被动语态的用法

(1) 不知道动作的执行者是谁。

English is taught in all middle schools. 所有中学都开设英语课。

(2) 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。

The meeting was held last week. 会议上周召开了。

(3) 要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。

Teapots are used for drinking. 茶壶是饮水用的。

3.被动语态中应注意的几个问题

(1) 在被动语态句子中要注意主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。

(2) 主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况：

a．have（有）以及和have构成的短语动词不能用于被动语态