高考英语写作高级表达方式

2008届高考英语写作辅导材料（一）

句法总论

一、句子的成分与句子结构：

（一）主语是句子中所要说的人或事物，是句子的主要成分，不可缺少。

1)The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. (名词作主语)

2)He sent me an E-mail last Friday. (代词作主语)

3)It is a rule for my mother to go shopping on Sundays. (不定式短语作主语)

4)Reading the texts aloud is especially important for Senior Three students. (动名词短语作主语)

5)What the teacher said is very funny. (从句作主语)

（二）谓语是说明主语的动作或状态，是句子的主要成分，不可缺少，在主语之后。

1)They said nothing, looking coldly at the teacher in charge of the class. (及物动词作谓语)

2)Classes begin at seven today, we must get up quickly. (不及物动词作谓语)

3)We don’t have classes at weekends after reducing learning load. (助动词+ 动词作谓语)

4)I was really anxious. You shouldn’t have left without a word. (情态动词+ 动词作谓语)

5)The leaves have turned yellow in autumn. (联系动词+ 表语作谓语)

（三）表语用在联系动词的后面，表示主语的身份、性质和特征，位于连系动词之后；系动词与表语一起构成谓语。

1)Walt Disney was a famous cartoon-maker. （名词作表语）

2)The days in summer are getting hotter and hotter these years. (形容词作表语)

3)The computer in the room is hers. (代词作表语)

4)My greatest wish is to enter Qinghua University. (不定式短语作表语)

5)Her job is looking after the babies. （动名词短语作表语）

6)The audience was moved by the moving play. (分词作表语)

7)This is what I want to say. (从句作表语)

（四）宾语是及物动词涉及的对象，介词后面的对象也是宾语，称为介词宾语。宾语在及物动词或介词后面。有少数动词可以带双宾语。

1)John doesn’t like football but he likes music very much. （名词作宾语）

2)We’ve worked out a plan. But I’m uncertain whether it will do in practice. （名词作介词的宾语）

3)Tom is a kind man. He is always ready to help others. （代词作宾语）

4)Stop reading and read after me, please. (动名词作宾语)

5)I succeeded in persuading the teacher to give me a day off. (动名词短语作介词的宾语)

6)Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room. (不定式短语作宾语)

7)The doctor did what he could to save the dying patient. (从句作宾语)

8)I’ll find you a good chance as long as you won’t lose heart.（间接宾语和直接宾语）

9)She promised me a nice gift on Christmas Day. （间接宾语和直接宾语）

（五）宾语补足语补充说明宾语，使句子意思更加完整。当句子变成被动语态时则称为主语补足语。宾语补足语一般置于宾语之后。

1)Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. （名词作宾补）

2)What he said made his father happy. （形容词作宾补）

3)I asked Jim to attend my birthday party. （不定式短语作宾补）

4)He made me do the work all by myself. (省略to的不定式短语作宾补)

5)Don’t have the horse running all the way. (现在分词作宾补)

6)I’ll go and get the chair repaired. (过去分词作宾补)

（六）定语修饰或限制名词或代词。单词作定语，一般放在被修饰的词语之前；短语或从句作定语，一般放在修饰语之后。

1)Grammar is not a set of dead rules. （形容词作定语）

2)It is a coffee cup. （名词作定语）

3)Our teacher’s hair has turned grey. （名词所有格作定语）

4)My students corrected each other’s mistakes in their classroom. (代词作定语)

5)Be quiet, boys and girls! I have something important to tell you. （不定式短语作定语）