LABORATORY SAFETY GUIDELINES 实验室安全指南英文版
实验室安全管理文献
实验室安全管理文献以下是一些实验室安全管理方面的经典文献：1. "Laboratory Safety for Chemistry Students" by Robert H. Hill Jr. and David C. Finster - 这本书是为化学学生编写的，详细介绍了实验室的安全标准和实践。
2. "Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards" by the National Research Council - 这本书提供了关于化学品处理和管理的详细指南，包括实验室安全措施和危险评估方法。
3. "Laboratory Safety: Principles and Practices" by Robert A. Hill and David C. Finster - 这本书提供了基本的实验室安全知识，包括安全规程制定、事故预防和应急处理等方面的内容。
4. "Chemical Health and Safety" by Neal Langerman - 这本书介绍了化学品在实验室中的安全使用和管理方法，包括风险评估、个人防护设备的选择和实验室废弃物处理等方面。
5. "Guidelines for Laboratory Design: Health and Safety Considerations" by Louis J. DiBerardinis et al. - 这份指南提供了实验室设计过程中的健康与安全考虑事项，包括空气质量控制、防火安全和卫生设施等方面的建议。
以上文献可以帮助实验室工作人员和学生了解实验室安全管理的基本原则和实践，并提供针对不同实验室环境和化学品的具体建议和指导。
实验室操作规程英文翻译
实验室操作规程英文翻译Laboratory Operating ProceduresIntroduction:Laboratory safety is of paramount importance to ensure the well-being of laboratory personnel and to prevent accidents or incidents that may compromise experimental results. These laboratory operating procedures aim to provide guidelines for safe and efficient laboratory practices. All personnel working in the laboratory are expected to adhere to these procedures at all times.1. General Safety Guidelines:1.1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): All laboratory personnel must wear appropriate PPE, including lab coats, gloves, and safety glasses, when working in the laboratory.1.2. Personal Hygiene: Maintain good personal hygiene by washing hands thoroughly before and after any laboratory activity.1.3. Fire Safety: Know the location of fire exits, fire extinguishers, and emergency showers. In the eventof a fire, immediately evacuate the laboratory and follow the designated emergency procedures.1.4. Chemical Safety: Properly handle chemicals and follow the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) guidelines provided for each chemical. Avoid direct contact with skin, eyes, and inhalation of chemical fumes.1.5. Electrical Safety: Inspect electrical equipment regularly for frayed wires or damaged plugs. Only authorized personnel should make repairs or adjustments to electrical equipment.1.6. Equipment Safety: Follow manufacturer instructions for the operation, maintenance, and disposal of laboratory equipment. Do not use equipment without proper training or authorization.2. Laboratory Procedures:2.1. Experiment Planning: Before conducting any experiment, thoroughly read and understand the experimental procedures. Identify potential hazards and plan accordingly to mitigate risks.2.2. Workspaces: Keep workspaces clean, organized, and free from unnecessary clutter. Maintain clear pathways to avoid accidents and spills.2.3. Handling Glassware: Handle glassware with caution to prevent breakage and injuries. Dispose of broken glassware in designated sharps containers.2.4. Chemical Storage: Store chemicals in appropriate containers and cabinets, following chemical compatibility guidelines. Clearly label all chemical containers with their contents and expiration dates.2.5. Waste Disposal: Dispose of laboratory waste in designated waste containers. Separate hazardous waste from non-hazardous waste and ensure proper disposal according to regulatory requirements.2.6. Spill Procedures: Promptly report and clean up any spills, following the appropriate spill containment and cleanup procedures. Use suitable absorbent materials and dispose of them as hazardous waste.2.7. Laboratory Instruments: Use laboratory instruments, such as balances, pipettes, and centrifuges, according to manufacturer instructions. Calibrate and maintain instruments regularly to ensure accurate results.3. Emergency Procedures:3.1. First Aid: Familiarize yourself with the location of first aid kits and emergency eyewash stations. Report all injuries, accidents, or near misses to the laboratory supervisor immediately.3.2. Chemical Spills: In the event of a chemical spill, immediately notify the laboratory supervisor and follow the spill procedures. Evacuate the affected area if necessary.3.3. Fire Emergencies: In the event of a fire, activate the fire alarm, evacuate the laboratory, and follow the designated emergency procedures. Do not use elevators during a fire emergency.3.4. Gas Leaks: In the event of a gas leak, immediately evacuate the laboratory and inform the laboratory supervisor. Do not use any electrical devices or create any sources of ignition.Conclusion:These laboratory operating procedures provide guidelines for safe laboratory practices. It is the responsibility of all personnel to familiarize themselves with these procedures and adhere to them at all times. Any deviations or unsafe conditions should be reported to the laboratory supervisor immediately. By following these procedures, we canensure a safe and productive laboratory environment for all.。
实验室安全管理制度英语
The Laboratory Safety Management System (LSMS) is a comprehensive set of policies, procedures, and guidelines designed to ensure the safety ofall personnel working within the laboratory environment. This document outlines the fundamental principles and practices that must be adhered to by all individuals using the laboratory facilities. The following sections detail the various aspects of the LSMS.I. IntroductionThe primary objective of the Laboratory Safety Management System is to establish a safe working environment that minimizes the risk of accidents, injuries, and health hazards. This system is applicable toall laboratory personnel, including staff, students, and visitors. Compliance with the LSMS is mandatory for everyone using the laboratory facilities.II. General Safety Policies1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): All individuals are required to wear appropriate PPE, such as lab coats, gloves, safety goggles, and closed-toe shoes, when working in the laboratory. PPE must be worn atall times when handling hazardous materials or equipment.2. Hazard Communication: The laboratory must maintain an up-to-date Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for all hazardous chemicals used in the facility. Employees must be trained on the proper handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous materials.3. Emergency Preparedness: The laboratory must have a clear and accessible emergency plan, including evacuation routes, first aid kits, and emergency contact information. All personnel must be familiar with the emergency procedures and participate in regular drills.III. Equipment and Facilities1. Maintenance and Inspection: All laboratory equipment must beregularly inspected and maintained to ensure safe operation. Routine maintenance schedules should be established and followed.2. Lockout/Tagout Procedures: Equipment that presents a hazard when energized must be de-energized and locked out during maintenance or repair. Lockout/tagout procedures must be followed to prevent accidental energization.3. Chemical Storage: Chemicals must be stored in designated areas, following the principles of segregation and compatibility. Flammable, corrosive, and toxic substances must be stored separately from other chemicals.IV. Training and Education1. Initial Training: All new laboratory personnel must undergo initial safety training, which includes an introduction to the LSMS, hazard identification, and emergency procedures.2. Continuing Education: Regular refresher courses and training sessions must be provided to ensure that all personnel remain knowledgeable about laboratory safety practices.V. Compliance and Auditing1. Regulatory Compliance: The laboratory must comply with all applicable local, state, and federal regulations regarding safety and health.2. Internal Audits: Regular internal audits will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the LSMS and identify areas for improvement.VI. Reporting and Record Keeping1. Incident Reporting: All accidents, injuries, and near-misses must be reported immediately to the appropriate supervisor or safety officer. A detailed report must be submitted within 24 hours.2. Record Keeping: The laboratory must maintain accurate records of all safety training, inspections, audits, and incident reports. These records must be readily accessible for review by regulatory agencies or internal auditors.VII. ConclusionThe Laboratory Safety Management System is a critical component of the laboratory environment. By adhering to the policies and procedures outlined in this document, we can create a safe and productive working environment for all personnel. The commitment to safety is a shared responsibility, and we all play a role in ensuring that our laboratory remains a safe place to work, learn, and conduct research.。
实验室安全教育
初起火灾。
如何使用灭火器
手提式干粉灭火器：
迅速从火场附近的的干粉灭火器箱内取出灭火器，手 提灭火器压把赶到火场。
将灭火器上下摇动几次，除去灭火器铅封，拔出保险 销。
侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害：本品具有刺激和麻醉作用。吸入后引起上呼吸道刺激、恶心、头晕、头痛和中枢神经系统抑制。能引起
肝、肾损害。液体或高浓度蒸气对眼有刺激性。
防护要求
呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，应该佩戴过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。必要时，建议佩戴自给式呼吸器。 眼睛防护：一般不需要特殊防护，高浓度接触时可戴安全防护眼镜。 身体防护：穿防静电工作服。 手防护：戴防苯耐油手套。
6. 节假日放假前.实验室要组织一次全面的安全检查与安全 教育活动
7. 实验室的建筑维修、设备安装以及管道等的施工现场,均 应有专人负责安全工作。
8. 实验室如果发生爆炸、火灾、中毒、失盗等事故,必须及 时报告上级领导
9. 各实验室应配备相应的足够数量的消防器材
实验室安全操作规程
Laboratory Safety
防护手套的使用
防护手套的品种很多，根据防护功能来选用。 防水、耐酸碱手套使用前应仔细检查，观察表
面是否有破损。 绝缘手套应定期检验电绝缘性能，不符合规定
的不能使用。 保存时避免高温，并在制品上撒上滑石粉以防
粘连。 操作旋转机床禁止戴手套作业。
主要物质的危险 有害特性
Hazardous or harmful characteristics of major substances
化学实验室安全指南说明书
Committee on Professional TrainingLaboratory SafetyLaboratory safety involves the development of skills and responsibility and must be an integral part of every chemistry curriculum. This means that safety awareness must be integrated into each laboratory course including research with increasingly broader scope at more advanced levels. The creation of a culture of laboratory safety requires a broad commitment from all levels of the educational institution. At the department level, faculty need to assume responsibility for continuing review of safety issues with students in teaching and research laboratories, especially the persons responsible for undergraduate instruction, often graduate students or instructors. Faculty must lead by example in a coordinated departmental safety effort. At the administrative level, this will involve implementation of a chemical hygiene plan that is in agreement with any campus chemical hygiene/safety efforts and must address the safe handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals. Eye wash and showers must be in operating condition, and fume hoods with proper sashes are essential. Anyone working or visiting in the lab must be wearing goggles, and consumption of food or drinks must not be permitted. A clean, uncluttered laboratory is more likely to encourage careful work.Development of safety skills may be divided into four emphasis areas.1•R ecognize Hazards•A ssess Risks•M inimize Risks•P repare for EmergenciesThe ACS Committee on Chemical Safety has recently published three useful resources that provide guidelines for chemical safety in academic institutions.2 and help in the identification and evaluation of hazards in research laboratories.3-4Recognize HazardsA hazard is a potential source of danger or harm and can result from working with chemicals, equipment, and instrumentation. Introduction to this topic can start with an understanding of the terms describing chemical hazards, such as “toxic”, “flammable”, or “corrosive”, and how to obtain information from chemical labels, Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and other reference sources. Chemical hazards encountered in early undergraduate laboratories should be explained in more detail – for example, acids, bases, flammables, and toxic compounds. At more advanced levels, more details of chemical and physical hazards should be explained so that students are able to identify hazards themselves in experiments – for example, types of toxic compounds, compressed gases, cryogenics, pressurized systems, peroxides, reactives, unstable compounds, pyrophorics, explosives, and water-reactives. Other topics might include toxicology, nanomaterials, biohazards, and radiological hazards, which become relevant when the chemistry curriculum becomes broader in scope.5Assess RisksOnce a hazard(s) is recognized, laboratory safety necessarily requires an assessment or evaluation of risk from potential exposure to the hazard. Identifying potential routes of exposure is followed by judging the relative risk posed by the hazards of the experiment. The hazardous physical, chemical, and toxic properties of solvents, reactants, catalysts, products, and wastes should be considered as well as circumstances of the experiment – for example, how much is being used, is the right equipment available, can the hazard be controlled or minimized?Are the reactions exothermic or water- or air-sensitive? Are there risks associated, for example, with the use of lasers or equipment utilizing high voltages (electrophoresis)?Minimize RisksBased on a risk assessment, experiments should be designed to minimize potential risks. These steps may involve carrying out experiments in a fume hood with a protective shield and wearing protective gloves and goggles. The handling and storage of wastes is a critical component. It is often useful to consider case histories of incidents that have resulted in injury or damage. What could have been done to prevent or minimize such incidents? Discussion can be implemented by giving students a picture of a risky or hazardous environment and then asking them, “What is wrong with this picture?”Prepare for EmergenciesSince it is essential to react promptly and deliberately to emergencies, students should learn what to do in various emergencies and be prepared to act accordingly – for example, fires, injuries, and spills. Safety devices such as showers, eye washes, fire extinguishers, and spill kits, must be clearly labeled and their use and location known to all those working in a laboratory. Emergency phone numbers, alarms, and escape routes should be clear to everyone.The Culture of Laboratory SafetyFaculty and staff must be leaders in safety: teaching safety to students, continuously promoting safety, demonstrating the importance of safety through their actions, and accepting responsibility for safety. At some institutions the graduate students teach the undergraduate labs, in which case the graduate students TAs must be champions of safety ethics. The Safety Ethic is, above all, a value, stated as: I value safety, work safely, prevent any risk-behavior, promote safety, and accept responsibility for safety.6-7 It emphasizes personal responsibility of each person involved. In order for this culture to thrive, everyone must be promoting it. It is, of course, necessary to be familiar with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Department of Transportation (DOT), and Department of Energy (DOE) regulations, but responsibility goes beyond simply complying with federal, state and local regulations – it is about caring for the safety of fellow students, faculty, and staff. There are several chemical and laboratory safety resources that can be very useful in building a strong culture of safety.8-11Curricular ApproachesLaboratory safety education and training is an ongoing process and therefore must be integrated into every laboratory course. In research laboratories, the responsibility for necessary instruction will lie with the research director. Because of time and resource constraints, presentation and discussion may be limited in lab lectures prior to the start of a laboratory or pre-lab assignments.Three possible approaches are suggested:1. A seminar course devoted entirely to laboratory safety;2. Laboratory safety as part of a seminar devoted to chemistry as a profession; and,3. Online materials where students would be required to do reading and then pass exams, the grades beingrecorded.It is very important to emphasize that safety is about learning how to carry out laboratory work safely and not only about rules and regulations, so students are required to think about responsibility for safety in the conduct of their work. Working safely is a basic responsibility of every employee and every student. Reduce unnecessary risks,- 2 -insure that regulations are followed by others, and always bring safety concerns to the attention of a supervisor or a departmental safety committee. A departmental safety committee should be established if it does not exist. References1. Hill, Robert H, Jr. and David C. Finster, Laboratory Safety for Chemistry Students, Wiley, Hoboken, 2010. Thisis a comprehensive text that partitions safety considerations into three tiers, with increasingly more involved considerations being reflective of increased knowledge by students. Emphasis is on learning on a “need to know basis”.2. Guidelines for Chemical Laboratory Safety in Academic Institutions, ACS Committee on Chemical Safety,Washington, DC., 2016. A comprehensive document providing a broad overview of the range of safetyconsiderations for undergraduate, graduate and continuing safety education.(/content/dam/acsorg/about/governance/committees/chemicalsafety/publications/acs-safety-guidelines-academic.pdf?logActivity=true)3. Identifying and Evaluating Hazards in Research Laboratories, ACS Committee on Chemical Safety,Washington, DC., 2015. A comprehensive overview of methodologies that can be used to assess and control hazards that can be successfully used in a research laboratory.(/content/dam/acsorg/about/governance/committees/chemicalsafety/publications/identifying-and-evaluating-hazards-in-research-laboratories.pdf)4. Hazard Assessment in Research Laboratories, ACS Committee on Chemical Safety, Washington, DC. An on-line resource that helps with the identification of hazards, the assessment of risk, and selection of appropriate control measures to eliminate a hazard or reduce the risk of accident or injury.(/content/dam/acsorg/about/governance/committees/chemicalsafety/publications/acs-safety-guidelines-academic.pdf?logActivity=true)5. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, The National Academies Press, Washington, 2015. A comprehensivestudy of laboratory safety issues including leadership and management considerations.(/catalog.php?record_id=12654)6.Creating Safety Cultures in Academic Institutions: A Report of the Safety Culture Task Force of the ACSCommittee on Chemical Safety. A comprehensive document dealing with the promotion of safety culture across the entire educational institution.(/content/dam/acsorg/about/governance/committees/chemicalsafety/academic-safety-culture-report-final-v2.pdf)7. Safe Science – Promoting a Culture of Safety in Academic Chemical Research, National Academies Press,2014. This document describes the culture of safety in research institutions and provides recommendations to support safety as a core value of these institutions.8. ACS Committee on Chemical Safety, Washington DC. This ACS Committee serves as a resource to the ACSand the public on chemical and laboratory safety. In maintains current information on safety practices and recommendations, classroom safety, symposia, and safety-related activities.(/content/acs/en/about/governance/committees/chemicalsafety.html)9. ACS Division of Chemical Health and Safety, Washington, DC. This division organizes chemical health andsafety symposia at National ACS meetings; publishes the Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, provides the DCHAS Listserve – an internet resource for division members providing a forum for questions and answers for chemical health and safety issues. (/)10. S afety Data Sheets (SDS) are required by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration under theirHazard Communication Standard. (/Publications/OSHA3514.html)11. C hemical Laboratory Safety and Security: A Guide to Prudent Chemical Management, L. Moran, T.Masciangioli (editors) An accompanying toolkit (7 components) is available for use with this manual.(/global/bcst/Chemical-Management)Last revised in August 2017- 3 -。
GB19489-2008《实验室 生物安全通用要求》相关内容
BSL-2标准微生物操作规程
5、必须制定并执行如针头、刀片、碎玻璃等锐器的安 全处置方案。只要可能，实验室主管要采用可以降低 锐器损伤风险的装置和实验控制措施。在处理锐器时 通常必须特别注意，做到如下几点： a、首要一点是必须小心处理针头及其他锐器。针 头在丢弃并不得弯曲、截断、打破、回套针头护套、 从一次性注射器上取下以及徒手操作。 b、使用过的一次性针头和注射器必须小心置于恰 当位置的用于盛放锐器的耐刺破容器中。 c、非一次性锐器必须置于硬壳容器中转移到 消毒的地方，最好采用高压灭菌。 d、打破的玻璃器具不能直接用手处理。而必须用 扫帚、簸箕、钳子或镊子来清除。 只要可能，尽量用塑料器皿代替玻璃器皿。
BSL-2实验室的个体防护
3、 必须佩戴手套以免双手暴露于危险材料。要根据风险评估结 果来选择适当的手套。要备有乳胶手套的替代品。手套不得带离 实验室外。此外，BSL-2工作人员还应： a、每当污染、破损或其他必要的时候，均要更换手套。适当时 要带双层手套。 b、每当操作危害性材料的工作结束时，以及离开实验室之前， 要脱去手套并洗手。 c、一次性手套不得清洗或重复使用。将使用过的手套和其他实 验室污染废弃物一 起处理。要严格遵守洗手的规程。 4、 房间内有感染性动物时，要在风险评估后确定是否需要使用 眼睛、面部和呼吸防护装备。
《可感染人类的高致病性病原微生物菌（毒）种或样本运输管理规定》，卫 生部，2006.02 《高致病性动物病原微生物菌（毒）种或者样本运输包装规范》，农业部， 2005.05
实验室活动（第21条）
■ 一级、二级实验室
不得从事高致病性病原微生物实验活动。
■ 三级、四级实验室 从事高致病性病原微生物实验活动应具备下列条件： （一）实验目的和拟从事的实验活动符合国务院卫生主管部门规定； （二）通过实验室国家认可； （三）具有与拟从事的实验活动相适应的工作人员； （四）工程质量经建筑主管部门依法检测验收合格。 ■ 经国务院卫生审查后，对符合条件的三级、四级实验室发给从事 高致病性病原微生物实验活动的资格证书。
物理实验室管理规定英文版
LABORATORY REGULATIONSfor The Natural Sciences Faculty II— Physics -University of Regensburg13.12.19951。
AimsThese Laboratory Regulations are intended to ensure safe working practices，environmental protection and operating efficiency with regard to laboratory use. Essentially these targets are to be achieved by responsible, competent and correct use of the buildings, installations, machinery and equipment, as well as an economical use of energy, water and other media。
They should help— to safeguard the health and physical safety of laboratory users，- to keep damage to a minimum in the case of accidents- and to avoid environmental pollution.2。
Scope and legal fundamentalsThe Laboratory Regulations are valid for all users of laboratories in the Natural Sciences Faculty II.These regulations take into account Accident Prevention Regulations(Unfallverhütungsvorschriften UVV)，in particular the UVV for Lasers (GUV 2。
实验室规章制度英语
实验室规章制度英语1. General Guidelines1.1 All individuals entering the laboratory must wear appropriate lab attire including a lab coat, closed-toe shoes, and safety goggles.1.2 Eating, drinking, and smoking are strictly prohibited in the laboratory.1.3 Personal belongings such as bags, jackets, and food items should be stored in designated areas outside of the laboratory.1.4 All experiments must be conducted in accordance with approved protocols and safety guidelines.1.5 Report any accidents, spills, or injuries to the lab supervisor immediately.2. Chemical Handling2.1 Only authorized personnel are allowed to handle chemicals in the laboratory.2.2 All chemicals must be properly labeled and stored in the designated storage areas.2.3 Do not mix chemicals unless specifically instructed to do so by the lab supervisor.2.4 Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with chemicals, including gloves, goggles, and lab coats.2.5 Dispose of chemicals according to the lab's waste disposal guidelines.3. Equipment Handling3.1 Only trained individuals are allowed to operate laboratory equipment.3.2 Inspect equipment before use and report any malfunctions or damage to the lab supervisor.3.3 Use equipment only for its intended purpose and follow operating instructions carefully.3.4 Clean equipment after use and return it to its designated storage area.3.5 Do not attempt to repair or modify equipment without authorization.4. Biological Materials4.1 Handle all biological materials with care and follow appropriate safety precautions.4.2 Obtain necessary training and authorization before working with biohazardous materials.4.3 Dispose of biological waste in accordance with the lab's waste disposal guidelines.4.4 Report any spills or exposures to biohazardous materials to the lab supervisor immediately.4.5 Wash hands thoroughly after handling biological materials.5. Emergency Procedures5.1 Familiarize yourself with the location of emergency exits, safety showers, eyewash stations, and fire extinguishers in the laboratory.5.2 In case of a fire, evacuate the laboratory immediately and notify emergency services. 5.3 In case of a chemical spill, contain the spill, notify the lab supervisor, and follow spill cleanup procedures.5.4 In case of a medical emergency, administer first aid if trained to do so and contact emergency services.5.5 Do not hesitate to ask for help or clarification if you are unsure about how to respond to an emergency situation.6. Personal Conduct6.1 Treat all lab members with respect and courtesy.6.2 Avoid unnecessary distractions and maintain focus on your work.6.3 Follow all instructions given by the lab supervisor and ask for clarification if needed. 6.4 Avoid engaging in unsafe or reckless behavior in the laboratory.6.5 Stay informed about lab policies and procedures and adhere to them at all times.7. Training and Supervision7.1 All individuals working in the laboratory must undergo training on laboratory safety and procedures.7.2 Only individuals who have completed the necessary training are allowed to work independently in the laboratory.7.3 New lab members must be supervised by a trained mentor until they demonstrate competence in lab procedures.7.4 The lab supervisor is responsible for ensuring that all lab members are properly trained and supervised.7.5 Additional training may be required for specific experiments or procedures, and lab members should seek guidance from the lab supervisor.8. Enforcement8.1 Violation of any of the laboratory rules and regulations may result in disciplinary action, including but not limited to reprimands, suspension of lab privileges, or dismissal from the lab.8.2 The lab supervisor has the authority to enforce these rules and regulations and may take appropriate action in response to violations.8.3 Lab members are encouraged to report any violations of the rules to the lab supervisor or other appropriate authorities.By following these rules and regulations, we can maintain a safe and productive working environment in the laboratory. Thank you for your cooperation and commitment to lab safety.。
国际上关于病原微生物实验室的相关法规和指南
国际上关于病原微生物实验室的相关法规和指南1.引言1.1 概述病原微生物实验室是进行病原微生物研究与实验的专门场所，对于保障社会公众的健康安全至关重要。
随着科技的不断发展和全球化的进程，国际社会越来越重视病原微生物实验室的管理和监管。
为确保实验室的安全和可持续发展，各国在世界卫生组织等国际组织的引领下制定了相关法规和指南。
国际上的病原微生物实验室法规主要涵盖了实验室设施建设、实验操作规范、人员培训与管理、物质使用与储存、实验室事故应急等多个方面。
这些法规的出台旨在确保实验室的安全运行，防止潜在的疾病传播风险。
同时，各国还加强了对病原微生物实验室的监督管理，建立了健全的评估机制和监测体系，以便对实验室进行定期检查和评估，发现问题并及时解决。
此外，国际上的病原微生物实验室指南提供了在实验室管理和操作过程中的指导和建议。
这些指南包括实验室安全手册、实验室流程规范、生物安全的最佳实践、实验室装备与消毒等内容。
通过遵循这些指南，实验室能够更好地规范实验操作流程，降低实验风险，提高实验室的整体安全性和实验结果的可靠性。
综上所述，国际上的病原微生物实验室的相关法规和指南对于保障实验室的安全和可持续发展具有重要意义。
它们为实验室提供了规范和指导，保证实验室运行符合国际标准，并促进了国际间的合作与交流。
然而，随着科技的不断进步和研究领域的不断扩大，病原微生物实验室管理面临新的挑战，需要各国持续关注和改进。
在本文中，我们将深入研究国际上的病原微生物实验室法规和指南，并总结对实验室管理的启示和建议。
文章结构部分的内容应该包括对本文整体结构的说明，以及各个章节的简要概述。
在本文中，文章结构如下：1. 引言1.1 概述：介绍病原微生物实验室的背景和重要性，并概述国际上关于病原微生物实验室的法规和指南的研究现状。
1.2 文章结构：解释本文的整体结构和各个章节的内容，为读者提供一个清晰的指引。
1.3 目的：说明本文的目标和意义，即总结国际上关于病原微生物实验室的法规和指南，同时提出对病原微生物实验室管理的启示和建议。
临床实验室生物安全指南
WSWS/T 442—2024代替 WS/T 442—2014临床实验室生物安全指南Guideline for clinical laboratory biosafety2024-04-02发布2024-09-01实施目次前言 (II)1 范围 (1)2 规范性引用文件 (1)3 术语和定义 (1)4 临床实验室生物安全风险管理 (3)5 临床实验室设计原则及基本要求 (5)6 临床实验室设施和设备要求 (5)7 临床实验室管理要求 (7)附录A（资料性）临床实验室生物安全风险评估参考示例 (15)附录B （规范性）临床实验室良好工作行为规范 (21)附录C（资料性）临床实验室生物危险物质溢洒处理 (23)附录D（规范性）临床实验室工作人员个体防护装备选用原则 (26)参考文献 (28)前言本标准为推荐性标准。
本标准代替WS/T 442—2014《临床实验室生物安全指南》，与WS/T 442—2014相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：——增加了规范性引用文件（见2）；——在术语和定义中增加了生物安全二级实验室、病原微生物、清洁、风险管理、风险识别、风险分析、风险评估、风险准则、风险评价、风险应对、利益相关方（见3）；——增加了附录A《临床实验室生物安全风险评估参考示例》、附录D《临床实验室工作人员个体防护装备选用原则》（见附录A、附录D）；——删除了术语中生物因子、高效空气过滤器、危险识别（见2014年版的3）；——删除了第五章《实验室生物安全防护水平分级》、附录C《生物安全柜使用、维护及校验》和本标准于2014年首次发布，本次为第一次修订。
临床实验室生物安全指南1 范围本标准规定了医疗机构临床实验室生物安全设施、设备和管理等的基本要求。
本标准适用于生物安全防护水平为二级的临床实验室（简称“实验室”），不适用于生物安全三级和四级实验室。
2 规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本标准必不可少的条款。
Laboratory Safety Guidelines 实验室安全指南英文版
Laboratory Safety GuidelinesTable of Contentsb Access Proceduresa.Minimal Training Requirementsb.Safety Equipmentc.Emergency proceduresi.Fireii.Spillsiii.Chemical Exposuresiv.Other Emergenciesd.Working in the labse.Penalties2.Housekeepinga.Glasswarei.Cleaningii.Disposalb.Floorsc.General wasted.Cleanroom protocols3.Chemical Managementa.Process to Bring Chemical Into the Labb.Proper labelingc.Inventory Management and Controli.Chematixii.MSDSiii.Highly Hazardous Chemicalsd.Chemical Storagee.Chemical Wastef.Handling Powderspressed Cylindersa.Storageb.Connectionc.Flammable GasesLab Access ProceduresMinimal Training Requirements1.Right to Know (RTK) Training is required to gain access to the laboratory.(/ehs/training/)2.The institute laboratory safety manual must be read and understood.(/chemical/#LabSafetyManual)3.All users must attend a safety presentation given by one of the PRC staff.4.Proper training must be obtained for laboratory equipment. Do not attempt to use atool without training. See the lab manager to be trained.5.X-ray tool use requires users to attend an Office of Radiation Safety training class and betrained by PRC staff.Safety Equipment1.Safety glasses must be worn at all times while in the laboratory.b coats should be worn in all wet chemical labs.3.Eye glasses should not be used as a substitute for safety glasses.4.No masks or respirators are to be used in the laboratory. All pouring of chemicalsshould be done under a fume hood. Masks provided in the clean room are allowed.tex gloves must be worn while working in the laboratory.a.These gloves do not protect against strong acids.b.Nitrile gloves will provide more protection.6.Closed-toe shoes must be worn when working in the laboratory.7.No shorts, skirts, or nylons allowed in labs.Emergency Procedures1.FireIf a fire occurs in the lab:a. Remove people in immediate danger from the area.b.Activate the building fire alarm at a pull station.c.Have someone call the emergency contacts on the door of the lab.e a fire extinguisher to attempt to put out the fire only if you have beentrained in how to use the extinguisher and the fire is not out of control.e.If the extinguisher does not put out the fire, evacuate the building immediatelyand wait for campus police and the fire department.e exit stairs, and do not prop any doors open when evacuating the building.2.Spillsa.If the spill is large or toxic, evacuate the lab and notify the emergency contactson the lab door and the campus police.b.Notify other workers in the lab of the spill.c.Notify the lab manager of the spill.d.Only proceed with a cleanup if you have had training to clean up a spill.e a spill cleanup kit if necessary.3.Chemical Exposuresa.Respiratory exposures - move to fresh airb.Skin exposures, rinse for 15 minutesc.If skin exposures involve a body part that cannot be rinsed under a faucet anemergency shower must be used. Remove contaminated clothing and rinse for15 minutes.d.If exposed to Hydrofluoric Acid, rinse and apply calcium gluconate –immediately call for an ambulance to Grady Memorial Hospital.e.If exposed to an unknown chemical or if pain or irritation persists, get medicalattention immediately.f.Eye exposures- remove contacts and safety glasses. Hold eyes open and rinsewhile moving eyes left to right and up and down for 15 minutes. Yell for help.Any eye exposures should seek medical attention immediately.g.Always bring copies of the MSDS with you to the hospital for the doctor and forEMS personnel.4.Other Emergenciesa.In the event of any other serious emergency, notify the campus police and thelab manager and get out of the lab.Working in the Labsa.Work should ideally be performed in pairs.b.When working alone, use the buddy call back system1.Have an offsite buddy call you every half hour to ensure you are alright.2.If the buddy cannot get in contact with you, he is to call the campuspolice to have them check in on you if it is late at night.c.Guests should be escorted at all times by an authorized lab user.d. No food, drink, or smoking in the labs.e.No food or drink should be stored in chemical cabinets, refrigerators, or freezers.f. A chemical warning label should be placed under an ongoing experiment notingwhat chemicals are being used, contact info, project name, start time and endtime.Penaltiesa.Consequences for not following lab protocols.a.1st offense is a verbal warning.b.2nd offense is a verbal warning and notification to advisor or supervisoras appropriate.c.3rd offense is expulsion from lab, advisor notification, and writtenrequest to re-enter by advisor or supervisorHousekeepingGlasswarea.Broken glass should be disposed of in the cardboard glass disposal bin.b.Glassware should be cleaned immediately after each use.1.Rinsing the glassware with tap water multiple times and a final rinsewith DI water are preferable for the majority of glassware.2.Cleaning glassware with detergent and scrub brushes is acceptable ifthe soap residue is rinsed multiple times with tap water and finally withDI water.3. A weak HCL bath can be set up in the nalgene tank under the sink toclean very dirty glassware.Floorsa.Keep the floors clean and clear of trip hazards.b.No chemicals should be stored on the floorGeneral Wastea.Dispose of non-contaminated waste in general trash cans.b.Solvent contaminated waste should be disposed of in red solvent waste cans.Clean Room Protocolsa.All doors are to remain closed except to exit or enter.b.Step on the tacky mats when entering the cleanroom.c.Keep hair and ears covered with hoods or bonnets.d.Personnel with mustaches or beards must wear beard guards in all PrototypeLaboratories.e.Never open your coveralls in the cleanroom.f.Never touch your skin with latex gloves.g.No paper products are permitted in the cleanrooms i.e. cardboard, paper,tissues, styrofoam or foam rubber.h.No pencils, erasers or retractable pens are permitted in the laboratories.i.Ask permission before bringing in or removing anything from the laboratories.j.No cosmetics are to be worn in the cleanroomk.Store your cleanroom gown in your assigned locker and only wear it in thecleanroom.Chemical ManagementBringing chemicals into the lab1.Before new chemicals can be brought into the lab, The MSDS sheet must be placedin the lab notebook and the chemical must be added to the Chematix database.a.The lab manager should handle this and notify the Chematix Administrator(Chris White)Proper Labeling1.All containers must have a label stating their contents, an owner, and a date. TheNFPA numbers should also be written in on the label.Inventory Management and Control1.All chemicals stored in the laboratory must be recorded in the Chematix system.a.The lab manager should enter the chemicals into the database and properlylabel the chemical with a barcode and label.b.The facilities and laboratory coordinator will perform a bi-annual audit ofthe chemicals stored in the lab.c.The MSDS sheet must be placed in the lab MSDS notebook when a newchemical is entered. Users should familiarize themselves with the MSDSinformation for each chemical they use.2.Any chemicals found on the Highly Hazardous Chemical List should be handled withextreme care.a.Storage bottles that contain or used to contain a highly hazardous chemicalmust be disposed of with chemical waste. It cannot be rinsed and disposedof in the building trash.b.The Highly Hazardous Chemical List can be found at/hazardous/Chemical Storagea.Flammable chemicals should be stored in the flammable storage cabinetb.Bases acids and flammables should be segregated.c.Any chemicals that could react violently or dangerously should be separatedfrom each other in storage.d.The fume hood is not meant to store chemicals for more than a day or two.Any chemicals stored in the hood must be sealed, labeled, and stored in theback of the fume hood.e.All chemicals must be sealed when stored.f.Chemicals can be stored in secondary containers such as beakers for nolonger than one shift. They must be labeled.ers should wear a face shield when transferring acids to protect fromsplashing.Chemical Wastea.Chemicals must be disposed of properly. No acids, bases or solvents are togo down the drain.b.Acid waste is to go into a separate labeled waste container.c.Base waste is to go into a separate labeled waste container.d.Solvent waste is to go into a separate labeled waste container.e.If waste containers are full please notify staff.f.Add to the label what waste you add to the waste bottle.g.Rinsate may be washed down the acid drains with plenty of water. Handling Powders1.All powders should be in a sealed container while moving them. (i.e. from the glovebox to the hood).2.All powders should be handled with gloves under the hood or in the glove box tolimit the chance of respiratory exposure.Compressed CylindersStorage1.M ishandled cylinders may rupture violently, release their hazardous contents orbecome dangerous projectiles.2.N ever move a cylinder without removing the regulator.3.G as cylinders must be restrained with a chain o r strap between the “waist” and“shoulder” of the cylinder.4.A ll disconnected cylinders should be capped.5.R equests for more bottle straps should be directed to the laboratory and facilitiescoordinator.6.T he cylinder (not the cap) must be labeled as to contents. Do not rely on cylinder colorto identify the contents. Color identi vary between manufacturers.Connections1. Different tubing materials must be used with different gases.2.Never force a regulator onto a cylinder.3. Gas cylinder installations should be verified by the Lab manager or the Facilities andLaboratory Coordinator before opening the gas valve on the tank.Flammable Gases1. No flammable gases shall be used in the lab unless approved by the Facilities andLaboratory Coordinator and EH&S.。
英语实验室安全教育活动方案
英语实验室安全教育活动方案English:The English laboratory safety education activity plan aims to raise awareness of potential hazards and promote safe practices among students and staff. The plan includes organizing regular safety training sessions, creating safety guidelines and emergency protocols, and conducting safety drills. Training sessions will cover topics such as proper handling of chemicals, use of safety equipment, emergency response, and waste disposal. The safety guidelines and emergency protocols will be prominently displayed in the laboratory and communicated to all laboratory users. Safety drills will be conducted periodically to ensure that everyone knows how to respond in case of an emergency. Additionally, the plan includes regular maintenance and inspection of safety equipment and facilities to ensure their proper functioning. It also encourages open communication and reporting of any safety concerns or incidents to the laboratory management to continuously improve safety measures.中文翻译:英语实验室安全教育活动计划旨在提高学生和员工对潜在危险的意识，并促进安全实践。
实验室安全规则英文版
LABORATORY SAFETY Safe Personal Laboratory Habits 1. Eye protection must be worn at all times. 2. Food/drink is not allowed in laboratories where chemicals are used/ stored. 3. No smoking in the laboratory. 4. Lab coats must be worn while handling corrosive, toxic, or flammable materials. Gloves must be worn when necessary, especially when handling corrosives, toxic and dangerously reactive materials. 5. Do not work alone. 6. Do not mouth pipet. 7. If you see a colleague doing something dangerous, point it out to him or her. 8. Know where safety equipment (eyewash, shower and extinguisher) is located. 9. Always read MSDS before handling new chemicals. 10. Know how to clean up spills of common chemicals and specific chemicals you see. Be familiar with the locations and contents of spill carts and how to use it. 11. Always wash your hands after handling chemicals and before eating. 12. Short skirts, shorts, and open shoes must not be worn. 13. Lab coats must not be worn outside laboratories and in public areas. 14. Avoid wearing a walkman or other portable music devices while working in the lab.
《实验室 生物安全通用要求》相关内容
能引起人或动物发病，但一般情况下对健康工作者、群体、家畜或环境不会引 起严重危害的病原体。实验室感染不导致严重疾病，具备有效治疗和预防措施， 并且传播风险有限。 3.3 危害等级Ⅲ（高个体危害，低群体危害） 能引起人类或动物严重疾病，或造成严重经济损失，但通常不能因偶然接触而 在个体间传播，或能使用抗生素、抗寄生虫药治疗的病原体。 3.4 危害等级Ⅳ（高个体危害，高群体危害） 能引起人类或动物非常严重的疾病，一般不能治愈，容易直接或间接或因偶然 接触在人与人，或动物与人，或人与动物，或动物与动物间传播的病原体。
第三章 实验室的设立与管理
第十八条 国家根据实验室对病原微生物的生物安全防护水平， 并依照实验室生物安全国家标准的规定，将实验室分为一级、 二级、三级、四级。
GB19489-2008 5.2 生物安全水平分级
根据所操作的生物因子的危害程度和采取的防护措施，将生物 安全防护水平（biosafety level，BSL）分为4级，1级防护水 平最低，4级防护水平最高。以BSL-1、BSL-2、BSL-3、 BSL-4表示实验室的相应生物安全防护水平；以ABSL-1、 ABSL-2、ABSL-3、ABSL-4表示动物实验室的相应生物安全 防护水平。
病原微生物和实验室管理的分类和分级（第4条）
病原微生物
分类管理
实验室
分级管理
病 高原 致微 病生 性物
一类 ………………………… 四级 二类 ………………………… 三级 三类（食品致病菌） ………… 二级 四类 ………………………… 一级
生
物 高安 级全 别实
验
919 海外项目安全管理：实验室安全--英文版 Lab Safety
Laboratory Safety1.0PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to define the minimum requirements for safety of employees working in the laboratories, to prevent injuries to the employees.2.0 SCOPEThe standard applies to the laboratories within SABIC an d it’s Affiliates facilities.3.0 DEFINITIONS3.1Emergency: Any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure,rupture of containers or failure of control equipment, which results in anuncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the workplace.3.2MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet.3.3Shall: Signifies mandatory requirements.3.4Should: Signifies recommended/optional requirements.4.0 REQUIREMENTSSABIC and its Affiliates having Chemical laboratory shall develop procedures and programs that meets the following requirements:SABIC Industrial Security shall be consulted for any clarification to this standard.The clarification given by SABIC Industrial Security shall be complied with and considered final.4.1Material Safety Data Sheets shall be obtained and maintained for allhazardous chemicals and made readily accessible to laboratory employees.Before a substance is received, information on proper handling, storage anddisposal should be known to personnel involved in the use of the substance.4.2The laboratory shall have a general ventilation system with air intakes andexhaust located so as to avoid intake of contaminated air.4.3The general ventilation system shall be designed to:4.3.1Provide a source of air for breathing and for input to local ventilationdevices.4.3.2Ensure that laboratory air is continually replaced, preventing buildupof air concentrations of toxic substances during the working day.4.3.3Direct air flow into the laboratory from non-laboratory areas and outto the exterior of the building.4.4 A laboratory hood with 0.75 m of hood-space for each person should beprovided if two or more people spend most of their time with chemicals.4.5Each laboratory hood shall be equipped with a real-time flow monitoringdevice (e.g., a hood static pressure monitoring device) to allow for confirmation of hood performance before use.4.6Hood or other local ventilation device shall be used when working with anyvolatile substance with TLV of less than 50 ppm.4.7Other exhaust ventilation systems such as ventilated chemical storagecabinets, canopy hoods, snorkels, etc., should be provided as needed. Each canopy hood and snorkel should have individual exhaust ducts.4.8Exhaust air from glove boxes and isolation rooms should be passed throughscrubbers or filters prior to release into the regular exhaust duct systems.4.9Modifications to the ventilation system shall be made only if thorough testingindicates that worker protection from airborne toxic substances shall continue to be adequate.4.10A ir turbulence in the general ventilation and within hoods should be avoided.Hood air velocities of 22.9-38.1 meters per minute are normally adequate, if turbulence and cross drafts are avoided. A hood face velocity of 36.6-45.7 meters/min (120-150 fpm) is required to work involving carcinogens.4.11A ir exhausted from lab fume hoods should not be recirculated.4.12Perchloric acid may only be used inside a specially designed acid fume hoodconsisting of corrosion-resistant ductwork and wash down facilities (Reference NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals).NOTE: Minimum quantities of perchloric acid should be only kept on hand and the container stored inside an acid fume hood on a glass tray is deep enough to hold the contents of the bottle. Perchloric acid must not be kept for more than one year since explosive crystals may form.4.13Lab hoods and ventilation systems shall be inspected when installed ormodified and at least annually thereafter. The inspection shall include:4.13.1Visual inspection of the physical condition of the hood, sash andductwork.4.13.2Air flow indication systems.4.13.3Face velocity.4.13.4Verification of inward air flow over the entire hood face (smoke test).4.13.5Changes in chemicals or work practices that may affect hoodperformance.4.14Following guidelines shall be considered for personnel protective equipmentpolicy for the laboratory:4.14.1Safety glasses shall be worn at all times inside the laboratory.4.14.2Chemical goggles shall be worn when handling more toxic chemicalswhere there is potential for a chemical splash.4.14.3Face shields shall be worn as splash protection when handlingcorrosive materials. Face shields shall be worn with either safetyglasses or goggles.4.14.4Appropriate gloves as specified in the MSDS shall be worn whilehandling chemicals (Surgical gloves should not be worn as they donot provide protection from chemical exposure).4.14.5Gloves shall be inspected prior to use, washed before removal andperiodically replaced. Disposable gloves shall be discarded after eachuse, in appropriate trash containers.4.14.6Safety Shoes shall be worn while working inside the laboratory.Sandals, perforated shoes or canvas athletic shoes shall not bepermitted.4.14.7Laboratory coats shall be worn when working in the lab to preventcontamination of personal clothing. If contaminated by chemicalagents, laboratory coats should be immediately removed and placedin appropriate receptacles. Refer to MSDS for additional protectiveequipment such as chemical resistant aprons and foot coverings thatmay be required when working with certain chemicals.4.14.8Respirators shall be worn in the laboratory only in emergencysituations or when engineering controls are not feasible to reducean exposure level to personnel below the permissible exposure limit(PEL). All lab personnel using respiratory protective equipment shallcomplete the required training and received a qualitative orquantitative fit test.4.14.9The use of contact lenses in the laboratory shall be prohibited.4.15More than one employee shall be present in the laboratory during testing ofany material.4.16Prominent signs and labels of the following types shall be posted in thelaboratory:4.16.1Telephone numbers of emergency personnel/facilities to becontacted in the event of fire, accident, severe weather, orhazardous chemical spill.4.16.2Identification labels, showing contents of containers, appropriatehazard warnings as per NFPA 704 and as provided in the MSDS shallbe installed.4.16.3Location signs for safety showers, eyewash stations, other safetyand first aid equipment, exits and areas where food and beverageconsumption and storage are permitted.4.16.4Warnings at areas or equipment where special or unusual hazardsexists.4.16.5Emergency routes and exits.4.17 A written emergency plan shall be established and communicated to allpersonnel; it should include procedures for ventilation failure, evacuation, medical care, reporting, and drills.4.18An alarm system to alert people in all parts of the facility including isolationareas such as cold rooms shall be provided. Personnel shall be familiar with the location and operation of the equipment.4.19Evacuation routes and alternatives shall be identified and an outside assemblyarea or areas shall be designated. All personnel will be trained in the proper emergency preparedness procedures.4.20Brief guidelines for shutting down operations during an emergency orevacuation should be developed and communicated to all personnel.4.21Compressed Gas cylinders shall be used and stored as per SABIC SafetyStandard SF-171.4.22Safety shower and eyewash shall be provided and tested/inspected as per theguidelines of given in SABIC Safety Standards SF-121.4.23Appropriate Fire Protection shall be provided as per the requirements of NFPA45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals.4.24Adequate lighting and emergency light shall be provided as per the guidelinesgiven in SABIC Safety Standard SF-112.4.25 A spill control policy shall be developed and shall include consideration ofprevention, containment, cleanup, and reporting.4.26All accidents or near misses shall be reported as per the company procedures.4.27Employees shall be provided with information and training to ensure that theyare aware of the chemical hazards in the laboratory. This information and training must be provided at the time of an employee’s initial ass ignment to the laboratory where hazardous chemicals are used and prior to assignments involving new exposure situations.4.28E mployees shall be informed of physical signs and symptoms associated withexposure to hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory and the location and availability of known reference material on the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals found in the laboratory including, but not limited to Material Safety Data Sheets received from chemical suppliers.4.29Waste should be removed from laboratories to a central waste storage areaand from the central waste storage area at regular intervals in accordance with Company procedures and Royal Commission Regulations.4.30I ndiscriminate disposal by pouring waste chemicals down the drain or addingthem to mixed refuse for landfill burial shall not be permitted.4.31H oods should not be used as a means of disposal for chemicals.4.32All non-emergency spills should be promptly cleaned, using appropriatePersonnel Protective Equipment and disposal equipment.4.33Toxic substances shall not be released in atmospherically controlled room thathave air-conditioning.4.34Chemicals for which the quality of the available ventilation system is designedshould only be used.4.35Eating, drinking, smoking, or chewing gum shall not be permitted in areaswhere laboratory chemicals are present.4.36Glassware or utensils that have been used for laboratory operations shall notbe used to prepare or consume food.4.37Carriers should be used to transport glass containers.4.38Damaged glassware shall not be used.4.39Mouth suction for pippeting or starting a siphon shall not be permitted.4.40E xhaust fans in glove boxes shall be flame/explosion proof.4.41If small quantities of flammable liquids must be moved, use rugged pressure-resistant, non-venting containers, store during transport in a well-ventilated vehicle and eliminate potential ignition sources.4.42As far possible, the toxic substances shall be segregated in well-identifiedstorage areas (i.e., flammable storage cabinets, etc.), with local exhaust ventilation.4.43C hemicals stored in stockrooms should be examined periodically (at leastannually) for replacement (expiration date), deteriorations, and container integrity.4.44Stock rooms should not be used as preparation or repacking areas.4.45Q uantities of chemicals in laboratories shall be kept as small as practicalwithout interfering with daily operations.4.46Flammable liquids shall not be stored in laboratory refrigerators unless theunit is an approved explosion-proof or laboratory-safety type. Food or beverages shall not be stored in any laboratory refrigerator.4.47Chemicals should be stored in storage cabinets (as opposed to bench tops orhoods). Exposure to heat or direct sunlight should be avoided.4.48Periodic inventories should be conducted with unneeded items beingdiscarded or returned to the store room/stock room.4.49Laboratories that handle explosives shall establish quantity limits and includethese items in the operating directives of the laboratory.4.50Stairways and hallways should not be used as storage areas even for shortperiods of time.4.51A ccess to exits, emergency equipment and utility controls shall not beblocked.。
临床实验室生物安全指南说明书
ICS点击此处添加ICS号CCS 点击此处添加CCS号WS 中华人民共和国卫生行业标准XX/T XXXXX—XXXX代替 XX/T临床实验室生物安全指南Guidelines for clinical laboratory biosafety(点击此处添加与国际标准一致性程度的标识)（征求意见稿）在提交反馈意见时，请将您知道的相关专利连同支持性文件一并附上。
XXXX-XX-XX发布XXXX-XX-XX实施目次前言............................................................................II1 范围 (1)2 规范性引用文件 (1)3 术语和定义 (1)4 实验室生物安全风险管理 (3)5 实验室设计原则及基本要求 (5)6 实验室设施和设备要求 (6)7 实验室管理要求 (7)附录A（规范性附录）临床实验室良好工作行为指南 (16)附录B（规范性附录）临床实验室生物危险物质溢洒处理指南 (18)附录C（规范性附录）临床实验室风险评估样表 (21)附录D（规范性附录）临床实验室工作人员个体防护装备选用原则 (23)参考文献 (26)前言本标准按照GB/T 1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。
本标准起草单位：中国医科大学附属第一医院、国家医学检验临床医学研究中心、解放军总医院第五医学中心、上海市东方医院（同济大学附属东方医院）、华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院、江苏疾病预防控制中心、军事科学院军事医学研究院、北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心、国家卫生健康委临床检验中心。
本标准主要起草人：尚红、毛远丽、吴文娟、孙自镛、谢景欣、陆兵、张晓曦、彭明婷、耿文清、褚云卓、赵敏。
本标准代替WS/T 442-2014《临床实验室生物安全指南》。
与WS/T 442-2014相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下：增加了规范性引用文件、术语和定义中病原微生物、清洁、风险管理、风险应对、风险识别、风险分析、风险评价、风险准则、利益相关方。
Laboratory Biosafety Manual(实验室生物安全手册,英文版)
74
Standard precautions with blood and other body fluids, tissues and excreta
74
Precautions with materials that may contain prions
76
13. Contingency plans and emergency procedures
29
Animal facility – Biosafety Level 3
30
Animal facility – Biosafety Level 4
31
Invertebrates
32
7. Guidelines for laboratory/facility commissioning
33
8. Guidelines for laboratory/facility certification
25
Code of practice
25
Laboratory design and facilities
25
6. Laboratory animal facilities
28
Animal facility – Biosafety Level 1
29
Animal facility – Biosafety Level 2
64
PART IV. Good microbiological techniques
67
12. Laboratory techniques
69
Safe handling of specimens in the laboratory
69
Use of pipettes and pipetting aids
CLSI国家临床实验室标准委员会标准2010年最新标准目录(含中文翻译)
NCCLS国家临床实验室标准委员会标准2010年最新标准目录NCCLS C3-A4 2006.06.16 Preparation and Testing of Reagent Water in the Clinical Laboratory; Approved Guideline - Fourth Edition制备和检测试剂在临床实验室；批准指南-第四版NCCLS C5-P2 1987.01.01 Methodological Principles for Selected Analyses: Enzymes; Proposed Guideline方法论原则，选择分析：酶；建议指南NCCLS C12-T2 1991.01.01 Definitions of Quantities and Conventions Related to Blood pH and Gas Analysis-Second Edition Standard定义的量和公约有关的血液PH值和气体analysis-second版标准NCCLS C21-A 1992.01.01 Performance Characteristics for Devices Measuring PO2 and PCO2 in Blood Samples性能特点的设备测量氧及二氧化碳分压的血液样本NCCLS C24-A 1991.01.01 Internal Quality Control Testing: Principles and Definitions, Approved Guideline内部质量控制测试：原理和定义，批准指南NCCLS C25-T 1992.01.01 Fractional Oxyhemoglobin, Oxygen Content and Saturation, and Related Quantities in Blood: Terminology, Measurement and Reporting; Tentative Guideline分数血氧饱和度，氧含量，和相关的数量在血液：术语，测量和报告的暂定准则NCCLS C27-A 1993.01.01 Blood Gas Pre-Analytical Considerations: Specimen Collection, Calibration, and Controls, Approved Guideline血液气体分析前考虑：标本采集，校准，并控制，批准指南NCCLS C28-P 1992.01.01 How to Define, Determine, and Utilize Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory; Proposed Guideline如何定义，确定，并利用参考间隔在临床实验室提出的指导方针NCCLS C29-T 1992.01.01 Standardization of Sodium and Potassium Ion Selective Electrode Systems to the Flame Photometric Reference Method; Tentative Standard标准化的钠和钾离子选择性电极系统的火焰光度参照法；试验标准NCCLS C30-T 1991.01.01 Ancillary (Bedside) Blood Glucose Testing in Acute and Chronic Care Facilities; Tentative Guideline辅助（床边）测试血糖在急性和慢性保健设施；暂定准则NCCLS C34-P 1993.01.01 Determination of Chloride and Sodium Concentrations in Sweat: Sample Collection and Quantitative Analysis; Proposed Guideline测定在汗水中氯和钠的浓度：样品采集和定量分析；提出的指导方针NCCLS DI1-A2 1992.01.01 Glossary and Guidelines for Immunodiagnostic Procedures, Reagents, and Reference Materials, Approved Guideline词汇和准则免疫诊断程序，试剂，和参考材料，批准指南NCCLS DI2-A 1986.01.01 Immunoprecipitin Assays: Procedures for Evaluating the Performance of Materials; Approved Guideline验证试验：评价程序的材料性能；批准指南NCCLS DI3-T 1986.01.01 Agglutination Analyses: Characteristics of Antibody, Methodology, Limitations, and Clinical Validation, Tentative Guideline凝集抗体分析：特点，方法，限制，和临床验证，初步的指南NCCLS DI4-T 1986.01.01 Enzyme and Fluorescence Immunoassays, Tentative Guideline酶和荧光免疫测定，初步的指南NCCLS EP 5 2004.01.01 Evaluation Precision Performance of Quantitative Measurement Methods; Approved Guideline评价精度性能的定量测量方法；批准指南NCCLS EP 7 2002.01.01 Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry, Approved Guideline临床化学干扰试验，批准指南NCCLS EP6-P 1986.01.01 Evaluation of the Linearity of Quantitative Analytical Methods, Proposed评价定量分析方法的线性，提出NCCLS EP9-T 1993.01.01 Method Comparison and Biasa Estimation Using Patient Samples; Tentative Guideline方法比较不错的估计使用病人样本；暂定准则NCCLS EP10-T 1989.01.01 Preliminary Evaluation of Clinical Chemistry Methods; Tentative Guideline初步评价临床化学方法；初步的指南NCCLS GP2-A 2002.01.01 Clinical Laboratory Technical Procedure Manuals - Fourth Edition临床实验室技术程序手册-第四版NCCLS GP5-A 2002.01.01 Clinical Laboratory Waste Management临床实验室废弃物管理NCCLS GP6-A 1994.01.01 Inventory Control Systems for Laboratory Supplies - First Edition实验室用品库存控制系统-第一版NCCLS GP9-A 1998.01.01 Selecting and Evaluating a Referral Laboratory - First Edition选择和评价参考实验室-第一版NCCLS GP10-A 1995.01.01 Assessment of the Clinical Accuracy of Laboratory Tests Using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Plots - First Edition临床评估的准确性化验使用接收机操作特性（02）图-第一版NCCLS GP11-A 1998.01.01 Basic Cost Accounting for Clinical Services - First Edition成本会计的基本临床服务-第一版NCCLS GP14-A 1996.01.01 Labeling of Home-Use In Vitro Testing Products - First Edition家用体外测试产品的标签——第一版NCCLS GP15-A 2001.01.01 Papanicolaou Technique - Second Edition NCCLS GP15-T 1991.01.01 Papanicolaou Technique; Tentative Guideline NCCLS GP16-A 2001.01.01 Routine Urinalysis and Collection, Transportation, and Preservation of Urine Specimens - Second Edition 尿常规和收集，运输，和保存的尿液标本-第二版NCCLS GP17-A 2004.01.01 Clinical Laboratory Safety; Approved Guideline临床实验室安全；批准指南NCCLS GP18-A 1998.01.01 Laboratory Design - First EditionNCCLS GP20-A 2003.01.01 Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) Techniques - Second Edition细针穿刺活检（细针穿刺细胞学检查）技术-第二版NCCLS GP21-A 2004.01.01 Training and Competence Assessment培训和能力评价NCCLS GP22-A 1999.01.01 Continuous Quality Improvement: Essential Management Approaches - First Edition持续质量改进：管理的基本方法-第一版NCCLS GP23-A 1999.01.01 Nongynecologic Cytologic Specimens: Collection and Cytopreparatory Techniques - First EditionNCCLS GP26-A 2003.01.01 Application of a Quality System Model for Laboratory Services - Second Edition实验室服务的高质量的应用系统模型-第二版NCCLS GP27-A 1999.01.01 Using Proficiency Testing (PT) to Improve the Clinical Laboratory - First Edition使用水平测试（铂）改善临床实验室-第一版NCCLS GP28-P 2004.01.01 Microwave Device Use in the Clinical Laboratory; Proposed Guideline - First Edition微波器件在临床实验室的使用；建议指南-第一版NCCLS GP29-A 2002.01.01 Assessment of Laboratory Tests When Proficiency Testing is Not Available - First Edition评估实验室测试时，测试不可用-第一版NCCLS H1-A3 1991.01.01 Evacuated Tubes for Blood Specimen Collection, Approved Standard; Third Edition真空管采血，经批准的标准；第三版NCCLS H2-A2 2001.01.01 Refernece and Selected Procedure for the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Test参考和选择程序的红细胞沉降率（血沉）试验NCCLS H3-A3 1991.01.01 Procedures for the Collection of Diagnostic Blood Specimens by Venipuncture - Third Edition; Approved Standard静脉穿刺收集诊断血液标本的程序-第三版；批准标准NCCLS H4-A3 1991.01.01 Procedures for the Collection of Diagnostic Blood Specimens by Skin Puncture - Third Edition; Approved Standard皮肤穿刺收集诊断血液标本的程序-第三版；批准标准NCCLS H5-A2 1985.01.01 Procedures for the Handling and Transport of Domestic Diagnostic Specimens and Etiological Agents, Approved Standard; Second Edition处理和运输国内诊断标本和病因剂的程序，经批准的标准；第二版NCCLS H7-A 1985.01.01 Procedure for Determining Packed Cell Volume by the Microhematocrit Method; Approved Standard血球容量计法确定便携细胞体积的程序；批准标准NCCLS H8-A 1986.01.01 Detection of Abnormal Hemoglobin Using Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis; Approved Standard用乙酸纤维素电泳检测异常血红蛋白；批准标准NCCLS H9-A 1989.01.01 Chromatographic (Microcolumn) Determination of Hemoglobin A2; Approved Standard色谱（微）测定血红蛋白；批准标准NCCLS H10-A 1986.01.01 Solubility Test for Confirming the Presence of Sickling Hemoglobins, Approved Standard确认镰状血红蛋白存在的溶解度试验，批准的标准NCCLS H11-A2 1992.01.01 Percutaneous Collection of Arterial Blood for Laboratory Analysis, Approved Standard Second Edition实验室认可的经皮动脉收集血液，第二版NCCLS H13-A 1989.01.01 Quantitative Measurement of Fetal Hemoglobin by the Alkali Denaturation Method, Approved Guideline定量测量胎儿血红蛋白的碱变性方法，批准指南NCCLS H14-A2 1990.01.01 Devices for Collection of Skin Puncture Blood Specimens - Second Edition, Approved Guidelines皮肤穿刺收集血标本的设备-第二版，批准指南NCCLS H15-A 2001.01.01 Reference Procedure for the Quantitative Determination of Hemoglobin in Blood, Approved Standard定量测定血液中血红蛋白的参考程序，批准标准NCCLS H16-P 1985.01.01 Method for Reticulocyte Counting, Proposed Standard网织红细胞计数方法，提出的标准NCCLS H17-P 1990.01.01 The Determination of Serum Iron and Total Iron-Binding Capacity; Proposed Standard测定血清铁和总铁结合能力；提出的标准NCCLS H18-A3 2004.01.01 Procedures for the Handling and Processing of Blood Specimens; Approved Guidelines处理和加工的血液标本的程序；批准指南NCCLS H20-A 1992.01.01 Reference Leukocyte Differential Count (Proportional) and Evaluation of Instrumrntal Methods; Approved Standard 参考白细胞计数（比例）和设备评价方法；批准标准NCCLS H21-A2 1991.01.01 Collection, Transport, and Processing of Blood Specimens for Coagulation Testing and Performance of Coagulation Assays, Approved Guideline Second Edition收集，运输，处理血液的凝血性能检测和凝血化验，批准指南第二版NCCLS H22-P 1984.01.01 Histochemical Method for Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase, Proposed Standard白细胞碱性磷酸酶组织的化学方法，提出的标准NCCLS H23-T 1988.01.01 Citrate Agar Electrophoresis for Confirming Identification of Variant Hemoglobins, Tentative Guideline柠檬酸琼脂电泳确认鉴定变异血红蛋白，暂定准则NCCLS H24-T 1988.01.01 Additives for Blood Collection Devices:Heparin, Tentative Standard血液采集装置的添加剂：肝素，试行标准NCCLS H26-P 1989.01.01 Performance Goals for the Internal Quality Control of Multichannel Hematology Analyzers; Proposed Standard血液分析仪内部质量控制的绩效目标，批准标准；NCCLS H28-T 1992.01.01 One-Stage Prothrombin Time Test (PT), Tentative Guideline一期凝血酶原时间测试（铂），暂定准则NCCLS H29-T 1992.01.01 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Test (APTT), Tentative Guideline活化部分凝血活酶时间（部分凝血活酶时间测试），暂定准则NCCLS H30-T 1991.01.01 Procedure for the Determination of Fibrinogen in Plasma; Tentative Guideline测定血浆中纤维蛋白原的程序，暂定准则；NCCLS H31-P 1986.01.01 Collection Containers for Specimens for Toxicological Analysis, Proposed Guideline收集容器的标本进行分析，提出的指导方针NCCLS H34-P 1986.01.01 Determination of Factor VIII Coagulant Activity (VIII:C), Proposed Guideline测定凝血因子Ⅷ活性（Ⅷ：丙），提议指南NCCLS H35-T 1992.01.01 Additives to Blood Collection Devices: EDTA, Tentative Standard血液采集装置的添加剂：ED TA，试行标准NCCLS H40-P 1986.01.01 Determination of Factor IX Coagulant Activity, Proposed Guideline凝血活性因子Ⅸ测定，提议指南NCCLS H42-T 1992.01.01 Clinical Applications of Flow Cytometry: Quality Assurance and Immunophenotyping of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes; Tentative Guideline临床应用流式细胞术：质量保证和免疫外周血淋巴细胞；暂定准则NCCLS I/LA2-T 1993.01.01 Quality Assurance for the Indirect Immunofluorescence Test for Autoantibodies to Nuclear Antigen (IF-ANA) Tentative Guideline质量保证的间接免疫荧光试验自身核抗原（if-ana）暂定准则NCCLS I/LA6-T 1992.01.01 Evaluation and Performance Criteria for Multiple Component Test Products Intended for the Detection and Quantitation of Rubella Antibody, Tentative Guideline评价和业绩标准，多个组件测试产品的检测和定量检测风疹抗体，初步的指南NCCLS I/LA7-P 1984.01.01 Specimen Handling and Use of Rubella Serology Tests in the Clinical Laboratory, Proposed Guideline标本处理和使用风疹血清学试验在临床实验室，提议指南NCCLS I/LA9-P 1985.01.01 Reference Method for Digoxin by Radioimmunoassay; Proposed Standard放射免疫法测定地高辛用参考方法，批准标准；NCCLS I/LA13-A 1991.01.01 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Reference Material Specifications; Approved Guideline人类免疫缺陷病毒1型，参考材料规范；批准指南NCCLS I/LA15-P 1991.01.01 Apolipoprotein Immunoassays: Development and Recommended Performance Characteristics; Proposed Guideline载脂蛋白免疫：发展和性能特点的指导方针提出建议；NCCLS I/LA18-P 1991.01.01 Specifications for Immunological Testing for Infectious Diseases; Proposed Guideline规格免疫学检测传染病提出的指导方针；NCCLS I2-A2 1992.01.01 Temperature Calibration of Water Baths, Instruments, and Temperature Sensors水浴温度的校准，温度传感器NCCLS I16-T 1987.01.01 Temperature Monitoring and Recording in Blood Banks; Tentative Guideline血库的温度监测记录；暂定准则NCCLS I17-P 1991.01.01 Protection of Laboratory Workers from Instrument Biohazards; Proposed Guideline对于实验室仪器生物危害对操作者的保护；提出的指导方针NCCLS LA1-A 1985.01.01 Assessing the Quality of Radioimmunoassay Systems, Approved Guideline，放射免疫分析系统质量评估，批准指南NCCLS LA4-A2 1992.01.01 Blood Collection on Filter Paper for Neonatal Screening Programs, Approved Standard Second Edition采血滤纸新生儿筛查项目，批准的标准第二版NCCLS LIS01-A 2003.04.20 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR LOW-LEVEL PROTOCOL TO TRANSFER MESSAGES BETWEEN CLINICAL LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS - First Edition在临床实验室仪器与计算机系统间的信息传递的低层协议的规范-第一版NCCLS LIS03-A 2003.04.20 STANDARD GUIDE FOR SELECTION OF A CLINICAL LABORATORY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - First Edition临床实验室信息管理系统选择的标准指南-第一版NCCLS LIS04-A 2003.04.20 STANDARD GUIDE FOR DOCUMENTATION OF CLINICAL LABORATORY COMPUTER SYSTEMS - First Edition临床实验室计算机系统文件的标准指南-第一版NCCLS LIS06-A 2003.04.20 STANDARD PRACTICE FOR REPORTING RELIABILITY OF CLINICAL LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEMS - First Edition临床实验室信息系统可靠性报告的标准规程-第一版NCCLS LIS08-A 2003.04.20 STANDARD GUIDE FOR FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLINICAL LABORATORY INFORMATION SYSTEMS - First Edition临床实验室信息系统功能要求的标准指南-第一版NCCLS LIS09-A 2003.04.20 STANDARD GUIDE FOR COORDINATION OF CLINICAL LABORATORY INFORMATION SERVICES WITHIN THE ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD ENVIRONMENT AND NETWORKED ARCHITECTURES - First Edition协调标准指南临床实验室信息服务的电子健康记录环境和网络结构-第一版NCCLS M2 2009.01.01 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests - Tenth Edition抗菌盘易感性试验的性能标准-第十版; Includes NCCLS M100-S19; To Purchase Call 1-800-854-7179 USA/Canada or 303-397-7956 WorldwideNCCLS M6-P 1986.01.01 Evaluating Production Lots of Dehydrated Mueller-Hinton Agar, Proposed Standard评估生产大量脱水mueller-hinton 琼脂，提议标准NCCLS M7 2009.01.01 Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically - Eighth Edition 细菌需氧增长的稀释抗菌易感性试验方法-第八版; Includes NCCLS M100-S19; To Purchase Call 1-800-854-7179 USA/Canada or 303-397-7956 Worldwide NCCLS M11-A2 1990.01.01 Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria厌氧菌的抗菌易感性的试验方法NCCLS M15-T 1992.01.01 Slide Preparation and Staining of Blood Films for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases; Tentative Guideline 制片和染色血片的寄生虫病实验室诊断；暂定准则NCCLS M20-CR 1985.01.01 Antifungal Susceptibility Testing, Committee Report药敏试验，委员会的报告NCCLS M21-T 1992.01.01 Methodology for the Serum Bactericidal Test; Tentative Guideline血清杀菌试验方法；暂定准则NCCLS M22-A 1990.01.01 Quality Assurance for Commercially Prepared Microbiological Culture Media, Approved Standard商业编写微生物媒体的质量保证，认可标准NCCLS M23-T2 1992.01.01 Development of In Vitro Susceptibility Testing Criteria and Quality Control Parameters; Tentative Guideline Second Edition体外药敏试验的标准和质量控制参数的发展；初步的指南第二版NCCLS M24-P 1990.01.01 Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Testing; Proposed Standard抗结核药敏试验；标准NCCLS M25-P 1990.01.01 Fetal Bovine (Calf) Serum胎牛血清（牛）NCCLS M26-T 1992.01.01 Methods for Determining Bactericidal Activity of Antimicrobial Agents; Tentative Guideline方法确定杀菌活性抗菌剂；初步的指南NCCLS M27-P 1992.01.01 Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptability Testing of Yeast; Proposed Standard抗真菌药敏检测酵母菌肉汤稀释法的参考方法；标准NCCLS M29-T2 1991.01.01 Protection of Laboratory Workers From Infectious Disease Transmitted by Blood, Body Fluids, and Tissue; Tentative Guideline; Second Edition血液、体液、组织对传染病传播方面实验室工作人员的保护；暂定准则；第二版NCCLS M29-T2-SR N/A M29-T2, Summary of Recommendation摘要，推荐NCCLS M100-S4 1992.01.01 Performance Standard for Antimicrobial Susceptability Testing; Fourth Informational Supplement药敏试验的性能标准；第四信息的补充NCCLS NRSCL1-A 1991.01.01 Development of Definitive Methods for the National Reference System for the Clinical Laboratory临床实验室国家参考系统定义方法的开发NCCLS NRSCL2-A 1991.01.01 Development of Reference Methods to the National Reference System for the Clinical Laboratory临床实验室国家参考系统参考方法的开发NCCLS NRSCL3-A 1991.01.01 Development of Certified Reference Materials for the National Reference System for the Clinical Laboratory 临床实验室国家参考系统的认证参考材料的开发NCCLS NRSCL6-T 1989.01.01 Development of Methodological Principles Documents for Analytes in the Clinical Laboratory; Tentative Guideline 临床实验室分析物方法学文件中的开发；暂定准则NCCLS NRSCL8-P 1985.01.01 Nomenclature and Definitions for Use in the National Reference System for the Clinical Laboratory, Proposed Guideline 临床试验室参考系统用术语和定义NCCLS POL 1/2-T2 1992.01.01 Physician's Office Laboratory Guidelines Procedure Manual, and CLIA/NCCLS POL Index- Second Edition; Tentative Guideline医生办公室实验室程序手册和技术指南，第二版/实验室波尔指数；暂定准则NCCLS RS1-A 1988.01.01 Glucose; Approved Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council葡萄糖；提出简要的方法和材料证书NCCLS RS2-A 1988.01.01 Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST); Approved Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council谷草转氨酶；提出简要的方法和材料证书NCCLS RS3-A 1988.01.01 Cholesterol; Approved Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council胆固醇；提出简要的方法和材料证书NCCLS RS4-A 1988.01.01 Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT); Approved Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council丙氨酸氨基转移酶（谷丙）；提出简要的方法和材料证书NCCLS RS5-A 1988.01.01 Total Protein; Approved Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council总蛋白；提出简要的方法和材料证书NCCLS RS6-A 1988.01.01 Bilirubin; Approved Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council胆红素；批准总结方法和材料NCCLS RS7-P 1988.01.01 Sodium; Proposed Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council钠；提出简要的方法和材料证书NCCLS RS8-P 1988.01.01 Potassium; Proposed Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council钾；提出简要的方法和材料证书NCCLS RS9-P 1989.01.01 Calcium; Proposed Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council钙；提出简要的方法和材料证书NCCLS RS10-P 1988.01.01 Chloride; Proposed Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council氯化物；提出简要的方法和材料证书NCCLS RS11-P 1988.01.01 Urea Nitrogen; Proposed Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council尿素氮；提出简要的方法和材料的信NCCLS RS13-P 1989.01.01 Rubella Antibody; Proposed Summary of Methods and Materials Credentialed by the NRSCL Council风疹抗体；提出简要的方法和材料的威望NCCLS SC1 N/A Evaluation ProtocolsNCCLS SC1-L 1996.01.01 Evaluation Protocols评价协议: Speciality Collections专业收藏 Includes EP5, EP6, EP7, EP9, Ep10, GP10NCCLS SC2 N/A Specimen Collection标本收集NCCLS SC3 N/A Antimicrobial Susceptibility抗菌敏感性NCCLS SC4 N/A General Laboratory Practices and SafetyNCCLS SC5 N/A pH and Blood GasNCCLS SC6 N/A Immunoassay免疫测定NCCLS SC7 N/A General Hematology血液学NCCLS SC8 N/A General ChemistryNCCLS SC9 N/A General Laboratory PracticesNCCLS SC10 N/A Laboratory SafetyNCCLS SC11 CLIA N/A SC11 CLIA CollectionNCCLS SC12 N/A Coagulation CollectionNCCLS SC14-L N/A A COLLECTION OF FORMER ASTM STANDARDS RELATING TO CLINICAL LABORATORY COMPUTER SYSTEMS. (THE COLLECTION INCLUDES LIS1-A, LIS2-A, LIS3-A, LIS4-A, LIS5-A, LIS6-A, LIS8-A, AND LIS9-A)NCCLS T/DM1-A 1991.01.01 Development of Requisition Forms for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and/or Overdose Toxicology: Approved Guideline开发征用形式的治疗药物监测和/或过量毒理学：批准指南NCCLS T/DM6-P 1988.01.01 Blood Alcohol Testing in the Clinical Laboratory; Proposed Guideline血液酒精测试在临床实验室提出的指导；。
九年级英语实验室安全注意事项单选题40题
九年级英语实验室安全注意事项单选题40题1. In the laboratory, you should ______ the chemicals carefully.A. handleB. holdC. carryD. take答案：A。
本题考查动词词义辨析。
“handle”有“处理、操作”的意思，在实验室里小心地“处理”化学品，A 选项符合语境。
“hold”是“握住、拿着”；“carry”是“携带、搬运”；“take”是“拿、取”，这三个选项都不太符合在实验室小心对待化学品的意思。
2. When doing experiments in the lab, it's important to ______ your safety glasses.A. put onB. wearC. dressD. have on答案：B。
“wear”表示“穿着、戴着”的状态，强调状态的持续性。
在实验室做实验时，重要的是“戴着”安全眼镜，B 选项符合。
“put on”强调动作“穿上、戴上”；“dress”常表示“给某人穿衣服”，后面接人；“have on”也表示“穿着”，但不用于进行时态。
3. Don't ______ the fire in the laboratory without permission.A. lightB. startC. burnD. make答案：A。
“light”有“点燃”的意思，“light the fire”表示“点火”，A 选项符合实验室安全规则的语境。
“start”侧重于“开始”；“burn”是“燃烧”；“make”有“制作、使”等意思，这三个选项不太能准确表达“点火”的意思。
4. If you spill some chemicals on the table, you should ______ them up at once.A. cleanB. clearC. washD. wipe答案：D。
实验室安全规则英文版
LABORATORY SAFETY Safe Personal Laboratory Habits 1. Eye protection must be worn at all times. 2. Food/drink is not allowed in laboratories where chemicals are used/ stored. 3. No smoking in the laboratory. 4. Lab coats must be worn while handling corrosive, toxic, or flammable materials. Gloves must be worn when necessary, especially when handling corrosives, toxic and dangerously reactive materials. 5. Do not work alone. 6. Do not mouth pipet. 7. If you see a colleague doing something dangerous, point it out to him or her. 8. Know where safety equipment (eyewash, shower and extinguisher) is located. 9. Always read MSDS before handling new chemicals. 10. Know how to clean up spills of common chemicals and specific chemicals you see. Be familiar with the locations and contents of spill carts and how to use it. 11. Always wash your hands after handling chemicals and before eating. 12. Short skirts, shorts, and open shoes must not be worn. 13. Lab coats must not be worn outside laboratories and in public areas. 14. Avoid wearing a walkman or other portable music devices while working in the lab.