金砖国家英语介绍
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
• Although more emerging countries were seeking BRICS membership, further expansion should be "slow and cautious" , • Because the accession criteria had not been standardized, and also because imprudent aggrandizement was a ready recipe for unsound coordination and cooperation .
→
BRICS summits
Summit 1st 2nd 3rd Participant Date BRIC BRIC BRICS June 16, 2009 April 16, 2010 April 14, 2011 Host Location country Russia Brazil China
Identity of BRICS
• BRICS currently neither had a permanent secretariat nor served as a formal international organization.
• The rotating system adopted by BRICS featured a free and feasible decision-making procedure, allowing members to reach consensus on specific issues and providing an outlet for their demands. • On top of that, BRICS held meetings among foreign, agricultural and financial ministers and promoted communications among experts and entrepreneurs. These efforts had greatly enriched inter-BRICS cooperation .
Yekaterinburg
Brasí lia Sanya
New Delhi
4th
BRICS
2012
India
New Words:
• Fluctuations n. 波动（fluctuation的复数）；变动； 起伏现象 • whopping adj. 巨大的；天大的 adv. 非常地；异常 地 • Secretariat n. 秘书处；书记处；秘书（书记，部长 等）之职 • rotating system轮作制 ,旋转显示系统 • On top of 另外；熟练掌握；在…之上；紧接着 • Presage n. 预感；前兆 vt. 预感；预言 vi. 预示；预 言 • Imprudent adj. 轻率的，鲁莽的；不小心的 • Aggrandizement n. 强化；扩大；夸大
• • • • • Brazil Russia India China South Africa
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) together have a population of more than 3 billion - or about 43 percent of the world total. The BRICS economies account for 18 percent of the world's economic aggregate, 15 percent of foreign trade volume, and attract 53 percent of the foreign capital. By 2015, BRICS' total GDP will increase to 23 percent of the world total, and by 2020 to 31 percent.
BRICS
Contents
• • • • • • • Member countries History Summits Significance of BRICS Identity of BRICS Opinions about enlargement of BRICS References
Member countries
Significance of BRICS
• close cooperation and dialogue among the BRICS nations would deepen South-South cooperation, change the game rules of international finance and trade, and give developing countries more rights to speak. • BRICS' rise would be difficult to reverse in 10 to 15 years, and it would restructure the global pattern of economy, trade and diplomacy
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
↖
Moscow, Russia
Shanghai, China São Paulo, Brazil
↙
Mumbai, India
Johannesburg, South Africa
History
• The acronym (originally "BRIC") was coined by Jim O'Neill, global economist at Goldman Sachs in a 2001 paper entitled "Building Better Global Economic BRICs". The acronym has come into widespread use as a symbol of the shift in global economic power away from the developed G7 economies towards the developing world. • On April 13, 2011 the "S" was formally added to BRIC to form BRICS after the admission of South Africa into the union.
BRICS Summit to Discuss World Economic Order Time:2011-04-13
Leaders from the five top emerging economies will gather in Sanya, in China's Hainan province, later this week to coordinate their stance on economic issues including fluctuations in commodity prices. The "BRICS" summit, made up of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, will be hosted by Chinese President Hu Jintao. Experts say that the Sanya summit would focus on key issues including the current foreign affairs, global economic and financial issues, development issues and future cooperation among BRICS members. Chen Fengying, director of the World Economy Institute at China's Institute of Contemporary International Relations, says the BRICS nations are committed to cooperation, not confrontation with the developed countries. "BRICS nations are all developing countries. Although they are quite different in culture and history, they're closely aligned economically. They have played an important role in tackling global financial crisis and climate change, and facilitating economic recovery." The BRICS group has emerged as a united economic bloc in recent years. According to research by the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, the combined output of BRICS nations will grow from 17 percent of global gross domestic product in 2010 to a whopping 47 percent in 2030.
Opinions about enlargement of BRICS
• South Africa's membership broadened the representativeness of the BRICS mechanism and presaged the emergence of a novel pattern of global governance.
References
Ⅰ Hu calls for stronger partnership among BRICS members Ⅱ BRICS leaders issue Sanya Declaration Ⅲ BRICS: Working together to shape the future
Ⅳ Russia gets support from BRICS to join WTO Ⅶ BRICS: working together to shape the future
→
BRICS summits
Summit 1st 2nd 3rd Participant Date BRIC BRIC BRICS June 16, 2009 April 16, 2010 April 14, 2011 Host Location country Russia Brazil China
Identity of BRICS
• BRICS currently neither had a permanent secretariat nor served as a formal international organization.
• The rotating system adopted by BRICS featured a free and feasible decision-making procedure, allowing members to reach consensus on specific issues and providing an outlet for their demands. • On top of that, BRICS held meetings among foreign, agricultural and financial ministers and promoted communications among experts and entrepreneurs. These efforts had greatly enriched inter-BRICS cooperation .
Yekaterinburg
Brasí lia Sanya
New Delhi
4th
BRICS
2012
India
New Words:
• Fluctuations n. 波动（fluctuation的复数）；变动； 起伏现象 • whopping adj. 巨大的；天大的 adv. 非常地；异常 地 • Secretariat n. 秘书处；书记处；秘书（书记，部长 等）之职 • rotating system轮作制 ,旋转显示系统 • On top of 另外；熟练掌握；在…之上；紧接着 • Presage n. 预感；前兆 vt. 预感；预言 vi. 预示；预 言 • Imprudent adj. 轻率的，鲁莽的；不小心的 • Aggrandizement n. 强化；扩大；夸大
• • • • • Brazil Russia India China South Africa
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) together have a population of more than 3 billion - or about 43 percent of the world total. The BRICS economies account for 18 percent of the world's economic aggregate, 15 percent of foreign trade volume, and attract 53 percent of the foreign capital. By 2015, BRICS' total GDP will increase to 23 percent of the world total, and by 2020 to 31 percent.
BRICS
Contents
• • • • • • • Member countries History Summits Significance of BRICS Identity of BRICS Opinions about enlargement of BRICS References
Member countries
Significance of BRICS
• close cooperation and dialogue among the BRICS nations would deepen South-South cooperation, change the game rules of international finance and trade, and give developing countries more rights to speak. • BRICS' rise would be difficult to reverse in 10 to 15 years, and it would restructure the global pattern of economy, trade and diplomacy
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
↖
Moscow, Russia
Shanghai, China São Paulo, Brazil
↙
Mumbai, India
Johannesburg, South Africa
History
• The acronym (originally "BRIC") was coined by Jim O'Neill, global economist at Goldman Sachs in a 2001 paper entitled "Building Better Global Economic BRICs". The acronym has come into widespread use as a symbol of the shift in global economic power away from the developed G7 economies towards the developing world. • On April 13, 2011 the "S" was formally added to BRIC to form BRICS after the admission of South Africa into the union.
BRICS Summit to Discuss World Economic Order Time:2011-04-13
Leaders from the five top emerging economies will gather in Sanya, in China's Hainan province, later this week to coordinate their stance on economic issues including fluctuations in commodity prices. The "BRICS" summit, made up of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, will be hosted by Chinese President Hu Jintao. Experts say that the Sanya summit would focus on key issues including the current foreign affairs, global economic and financial issues, development issues and future cooperation among BRICS members. Chen Fengying, director of the World Economy Institute at China's Institute of Contemporary International Relations, says the BRICS nations are committed to cooperation, not confrontation with the developed countries. "BRICS nations are all developing countries. Although they are quite different in culture and history, they're closely aligned economically. They have played an important role in tackling global financial crisis and climate change, and facilitating economic recovery." The BRICS group has emerged as a united economic bloc in recent years. According to research by the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, the combined output of BRICS nations will grow from 17 percent of global gross domestic product in 2010 to a whopping 47 percent in 2030.
Opinions about enlargement of BRICS
• South Africa's membership broadened the representativeness of the BRICS mechanism and presaged the emergence of a novel pattern of global governance.
References
Ⅰ Hu calls for stronger partnership among BRICS members Ⅱ BRICS leaders issue Sanya Declaration Ⅲ BRICS: Working together to shape the future
Ⅳ Russia gets support from BRICS to join WTO Ⅶ BRICS: working together to shape the future