美国殖民时期文学中英文双语课件
美国文学史-殖民时期Rev[1].
Week 4: American Romanticism: Whitman &Emily Dickinson
Week 5 National Day
Week 6: American Realism: General Survey, Howells &
Henry James
Week 7: American Realism: Local colorism, Mark Twain
Progression of the course
Week 1: Orientation and The Colonial Period
Week 2: American Romanticism: General Survey (Poe)
Week 3: American Romanticism: Hawthorne & Melville
13 English Colonies
Mayflower (imitation), 27 meters long
102 people aboard
66 days at sea
Features of Puritanism
Purification of the church Calvinism (John Calvin, 1509-1564, French
美国文学介绍(殖民主义时期)
Carlos Williams
2) Prose Writing: modern realism (the Lost Generation)
F. Scott Fitzgerald
William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway
6. The Contemporary Literature (1945 - )
❖ We may even grow and evolve through our literary journey with books.
❖ 5. Ultimately, we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the author says and how he/she says it.
❖ American literature may be among the youngest national literatures in the world.
❖ Its real history, if calculating roughly from the end of the Revolutionary War (October,1781), is about 230 years or more.
literature
❖ In fact, American writers have brought out some of the world’s best literature.
美国文学殖民地时期
John Smith William Bradford(1590-1657) Bradford(1590John Winthrop(1588-1649) Winthrop(1588Anne Bradstreet(1612-1672) Bradstreet(1612Edward Taylor(1642-1729) Taylor(1642宗教 模仿
富兰克林与美国新闻事业
一、印刷始祖
wenku.baidu.com
二、报业先驱
三、广告鼻祖
四、杂志之父
依外国史学家观点,现代杂志发轫于欧美18世纪 的“历书”。这种包含丰富知识的工具书,又以 1732年本杰明·富兰克林用理查德·桑德斯的笔名, 在费城编写的《穷人理查德历书》(Poor Richard Almanac)最具代表性。 他把历书的受众定位在“很少买其它书籍的普通 老百姓”身上,并从此完成了历书的知识性、资 料性、实用性和趣味性的转向,将历书的发展推 向一个新时期。
1760 年至1790 年是美国历史上黑暗的时期。18 世纪60 年代,英国殖民当局同北美大陆人民之间 的矛盾日益尖锐。从1763 年起,13 个殖民地先 后爆发反英斗争,建立了许多秘密的革命组织。 1770 年3 月,在波士顿发生了英军同当地居民的 流血冲突事件,加剧了矛盾的发展。1773 年12 月16日,波士顿民众八千余人将价值一万八千英 镑的茶叶投入大海;第二年年初,殖民当局下令 封闭了波士顿港。1775 年4 月19 日,马萨诸塞 的英国殖民军与当地“通讯委员会”的民兵又发 生武装冲突,这场战斗揭开了美国独立战争的序 幕。1776 年7 月4 日,13 个殖民地通过了由托马 斯·杰弗逊起草的《独立宣言》,宣布人人生而平 等,并且名正言顺地组织起了独立、自主的合众 国。宣言本着资产阶级民主精神,开创了美洲资 产阶级革命的先河。
美国文学殖民主义时期puritan
Part One
COLONIAL PERIOD AND EARLY AMERICAN LITERATURE
(1620-1800)
I. Historical background
1. The native American and their culture– Indians
no written language oral literature
no discourse power话语权
Hegemonism and power politics霸权主义和强权政治
2. The historical background of the colonial Time
Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 2:00am, Friday, October 12, 1492.
Amerigo Vespucci
1497, John Cabot claimed it for England
Immigrants from European: Spanish, Dutch, French, mostly English.
question: Why travel all the way across the ocean to the New World?
1). Profit motive
1st Group 1580-1600 led by John Smith
Jamestown in Virginia in 1607
Plantation way of life
美国文学殖民地时期的文学
History And Anthology Of American Literature
Part I The Literature of Colonial America
Historical Introduction
The First American Writings & Writers
Puritan Thoughts
Historical Introduction
● 1. The discovery of the American continent by Christopher Columbus in 1492 Christopher Columbus’s discovery of America
2. English and European explorers
The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards, Italians, and Portuguese, each group settling in different parts of the continent and they all contributed to the forming of the American civilization, but the colonies that became the first United States were for the most part English sustained by English traditions, ruled by English laws, supported by English commerce, and named after English monarchs and English lands.
8. 殖民时期美国文学
Benjamin Franklin
The symbol of America in the age of Enlightenment; the first self-made American man to realize American dream
Make me thy Loome then, knit therein this Twine: And make thy Holy Spirit, Lord, winde quills: Then weave the Web thyselfe. The yarn is fine. Thine Ordinances make my Fulling Mills. Then dy the same in Heavenly Colours Choice, All pinkt with Varnish't Flowers of Paradise. Then cloath therewith mine Understanding, Will, Affections, Judgment, Conscience, Memory; My Words and Actions, that their shine may fill My wayes with glory and thee glorify. Then mine apparell shall display before yee That I am Cloathd in Holy robes for glory.
1 The Literature of Colonial America殖民时期的美国文学
Two significant authors: William Bradford & John Winthrop
--History Of Plymouth Plantation
by William Bradford (first governor of Plymouth) pilgrims
The History Of New England
Chapter one The Literature of Colonial America
Focal Points: -- 1. The characteristics of the Colonial
literature -- 2. The first American writer -- 3. American Puritanism -- 4. Anne Bradstreet and her poems
Characteristics of the Colonial American literature
The first American literature was neither American nor literature.
Humble origins, personnal literature in various forms, imitative
“The simplicity and earnestness of the book, with its direct reporting, make it readable and moving.” (吴伟仁, 2000: p6)
美国文学
1.The Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学
17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。
17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史
美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,French ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portuguese (荷兰人,瑞典人,德国人,法国人,西班牙人,意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志),他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil. 第一批美国永久居民:the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。
专八美国文学
美国文学主要分为四个时期:
㈠The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence(独立革命前后的文学)。
一.殖民地时期(The Literature of Colonial American Colonial Period 1607---1775)1、约翰·史密斯(John Smith):早期英国殖民者、探险家,在弗吉尼亚建立了第一个永久英国殖民地。被誉为美国文学的第一位作家。(注:Jamestown, Virginia, was the first permanent English settlement in North America on May, 1607.)
代表作:《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》(A True Relation of Virginia)是美国文学第一书。2、纳撒尼尔·沃德(Nathaniel Ward):被誉为“北美讽刺文学第一笔”。
代表作:《北美的阿格瓦姆鞋匠》(The Simple Cobbler of Aggawam in America)。
3、威廉·布拉福德(William Bradford):被誉为“美国历史之父”。说起美国人的祖先,一般人都会说是“五月花”号(Mayflower)。威廉·布拉福特(William Bradford)就是“五月花”号上的领导者,《五月花号公约》Mayflower Compact的主要起草人,后来成为普利茅斯殖民地的总督。现在,美国的第二号节日“感恩节”就是由他提出来的。
殖民时期的文学
• The colonial literary works mainly took the form
•
•
of diary and autobiography, which are full of strenuous self-analysis and constant searching of conscience. Practical matter-of-fact accounts of family, hurting and travel etc., which are mainly informative rather than illumination. Political debates about the colonists’relations with the mother country were quite common. Colonial American literary works are characterized with logical structure, precise and compact expression, avoidance of rhetorical decoration, homeliness of imagery and simplicity of diction.
Optimistic view Symbolism Plain writin
美国文学(1)殖民地时期文学 PPT
Historical Overview
•Colonial Period (1607-1765) 殖民时期 •Enlightenment & the War of Independence (17651800)启蒙时期 •Romantic Period(1800-1865)浪漫主义时期 •Realistic Period (1865-1918) 现实主义时期 •Modernism (1918-1945) 现代主义时期 •Contemporary Literature (1945- ) 当代文学
Chapter One
Colonial Period (1607-1775)
主要内容: General background, major writers and their works
重点难点: American Puritanism and its influence on American Literature
the founding of Jamestown in Virginia in 1607.
3. What is the Puritan? (p7-9)
Puritan is English protestant.They regarded the reformation of the Church under Elizabeth as incomplete, and called for its further “purification” from what they considered to be unscriptural and corruptforms and ceremonies retained from the unreformed church.
殖民地时期及独立革命时期的美国文学
第一章殖民地时期及独立革命时期的美国文学
I.知识结构:见笔记
II. 知识点精讲
1.时代背景
1)The Native American and their culture---Indians. Before Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent, there was no real literature.
2)Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
3)Captain Christopher Newport reached Virginia in 1607.
4)Puritans came to the New England area, by Mayflower(五月花号)in 1620. (In 1629, the puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.(马萨诸塞湾)Puritans came to America out of various reasons, but it should be remembered that they were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. It is true that they wished to escape religious persecution—and the English government regarded its American colony as an ideal dumping ground for the undesirables, but they were also determined to find a place where they could worship in the way they thought true Christians should. They regarded themselves as God's chosen people, they were meant to reestablish a commonwealth based on the teachings of the Bible, restore the lost paradise, and build the wilderness into a new Garden of Eden.)
殖民时期的美国文学
殖民时期的美国文学
Part 1. Colonial America 殖民地时期的美国文学
Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩(1737-1809):
The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题;
Common Sense常识;
American Crisis美国危机;
Rights of Man:Downfall of Despotism人的权利:专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason理性时代
Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺(1752-1832):
The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲;
The British Prison Ship英国囚船;
To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士;
The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花;
The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地
Jonathan Edwards 乔纳森·爱德华(1702—1758):
The Freedom of the Will自由意志论;
The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended伟哉原罪论辩;
The Nature of True Virtue 真美德的性质
Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林(1706-1790):
A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书;
殖民时期及十八世纪美国文学
North America 1750
The 13 Original States
The British Colonies in North America, 1763-1775
American Puritanism
Doctrines of Puritanism (pp11-12) Puritans’ way of Life (p13, p15) Influence of Puritanism (pp13-15)
Pilgrim Fathers(清教徒前辈移民)
In November 1620, a group of English settlers, sailing on the ship of the Mayflower, stepped on the New England shore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. Only half of the 149 people survived the hard voyage on the Atlantic Ocean. These people are called Pilgrim Fathers, the forefathers of the American people. Their arrival marked the beginning of the American history.
American+literature+讲义+simplified+version(1)
一,美国的殖民地(1590至1750年文学)
(1)文化背景:
<1早在第17届岑>。,在北美定居者大部分都是清教徒谁想要避免了英格兰教会的宗教迫害,并寻求在新的土地宗教信仰自由。
☆清教徒 - 1“将会是净化器”,一个是谁想要净化宗教信仰和英国教会的做法,即恢复到教堂简单的服务和恢复圣经的权威激进派新教改革者神学净化宗教观念,简化仪式
因此,他们遭受的迫害和激烈从英国教会的攻击。为了
为了避免这种迫害,他们逃亡到美洲大陆
<2>美国的清教徒们喜欢他们的兄弟回到了英格兰,是理想主义者,
认为教会应恢复到完整的“纯洁”。&
宿命命定论(上帝决定一切事情发生之前)
原罪和总堕落(人类生来就是邪恶的人本恶,和
这个原罪,可传下来的一代又一代。)
有限的赎罪(一个选定的几个救国,一些<被选中的好人
>可能是救了神,去天堂,而另一些将被发送到地狱)
(3)但是,在严峻的生存斗争,后在美国立即抵达后,他们变得越来越实用。
他们注意到一种道德和宗教精神,语重心长地测定他们的整个生活的方式。
在新英格兰的清教徒实行政教合一的神权政治(一种政府形式,宗教和政府都合而为一。)
他们的生活方式是基于他们的宗教和忧郁强调艰苦奋斗,勤俭节约,虔诚和清醒(节制),他们反对艺术和乐趣。他们怀疑欢乐和笑声的罪恶症状。在人们的日常生活,宗教活动是一个首要的问题应该和所有其他的宗教服务。
☆这种极其艰苦生活纪律和支持自己,克服困难,开拓新的大陆的困难。然而,他们的宗教不容忍(赶出他们的定居点所有这些观点似乎对他们的危险)和限制被批评的后代,如:霍桑。
殖民地时期美国文学PPT课件
5. What is the Puritanism?
Puritanism is a religious and political movement that developed in England about the middle of the 16th century and later spread influence into the New England in America. Puritanism was a logical aftermath of the Renaissance, the Reformation, the establishment of the Church of England, and the growth of Presbyterianism (a.[宗]长老会(制)的). Through these movements, one sees emerging the right of the individual to political and religious independence.
Englishmen across the ocean (Jamestown, Virginia) ▪ 3) In 1620, 102 passengers sailed on the ship Mayflower across the sea and settled on the new continent “New England”. (Plymouth, Massachusetts)
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1. Puritanism
清教思想
Here American Puritanism will be the first major topic, the one enduring influence in American Literature.
main figure: Jonathan Edwards
swiftly developed well matured began to receive international recognition has exercised an impactful effect upon world
literature
In fact American writers have brought out some of the world’s best literature.
Introduction to American Literature
美国文学:与思想伟人 和文学大师同行,愿大家各
有各的收获!
主要参考书
Fra Baidu bibliotek
常耀信:《美国文学简史》 李宜燮,常耀信:《美国文学选读》 童明:《美国文学史》, 外语教学与研究出版 社; 吴定柏:《美国文学大纲》, 上海外语教育出 版社 吴定柏:《美国文学欣赏》, 上海外语教育出 版社 杨金才:《新编美国文学史》 秦小孟:《当代美国文学》
2. The Period of Enlightenment
The 18th century American history witnessed two great revolutions: American Revolution Enlightenment
Enlightenment
an intellectual movement whose rationalistic spirit inspired American men of letters brought them into a new horizon beyond the limitation of prevailing Puritanism
Ending: the end of the 18th century
The main literary works
(no 1st-rank literary works produced)
diaries & journals travel books collections of letters histories poetry biographies prose
I. The Colonial Period (1607-1765) & the Period of Independent Revolution (1775-1783)
Beginning: the settlement of America in the early 17th century
The 4 Stages
The Early Age: The Colonial Period The Period of Enlightenment The Romantic Age: Early Romantic Period High Romantic Period
The Age of Realism:现实主义时期 Local-colorism American Realism American Naturalism The Modern Age:现代时期 Modernism Post-modernism
Its real history, if calculating roughly from the end of the Revolutionary War (October,1781), is only about 200 years or more.
Within such a short period, American literature
nine American Nobel Prize Winners in Literature
1930: Sinclair Lewis, 刘易斯 1936: Eugene O’Neill, 奥尼尔 1938: Pearl S. Buck, 赛珍珠 1949: William Faulkner, 福克纳 1954: Ernest Hemingway, 海明威 1962: John Steinbeck, 斯坦贝克 1976: Saul Bellow, 索尔· 贝娄 1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer, 辛格 1993: Toni Morrison, 莫里森
1980: Czeslaw Milosz 米沃什 (Poland/USA) 1987: Joseph Brodsky 布罗德斯基 (USSR/USA)
Basic common qualities of American Writers: Independent,独立精神 Individualistic,个性意识 Critical,批判精神 Innovative,革新意识 Humorous,幽默风格
The two revolutions produced a number of outstanding political and literary figures, such as
Definition of “American Literature”:
the literature produced in American English
by American citizen
Introduction
American literature may be among the youngest national literatures in the world.