HND经济学导论
HND大二经济学导论报告参考Outcome三
An Evaluation of UK Government Policy on Mental
health and behavior in schools
Table of Contents
1 Introduction (1)
2 Market failure (2)
2.1 Merit goods (2)
2.2 Public goods (2)
2.3 Impertfect competition (2)
2.4 Externalities (2)
3 UK Governments policy (1)
3.1 Introduction to the policy (2)
3.2 instruments used (2)
3.3 Justification of the performance of policy (2)
4 Conclusion (2)
References (5)
Appendices (6)
Appendix I: (6)
Appendix II: (6)
1Introduction
This report aims to explain the‘market failure’and the role of government in relative to merit goods, public goods, imperfect composition and externalities.The policy about mental health and behavior in school will also be introduced.Then it will describe the instruments used to achieve the policy and evaluate the policy.
HnD经济学导论outcome1报告
International College
Central South University of Forestry and Technology
ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET
Assessment Task: _____________________________________________________________ Course Name:__________________________________ Outcome: ____________________ Prepared by:______________________________________________________ (English name) ________________________________ (Chinese name) ___________________ (Candidate Number) Class: ____________________ Name of Tutor:___________________________ Due Date: _______________ Date Submitted: ___________________
Your report/essay should meet the following requirements. Please confirm this before submitting your assignment.
HND经济学导论OUTCOME3_共2页
Market Failure and Government Policy
SCN: 177099996
GTB4
Li Wenxuan
Tutor: Lou Qiuyin
November 6 , 2016
th
Content 1.0 introduction
2.0 Market Failure
2.1 Merit Goods
2.2 Public Goods
2.3 Imperfect Competition
2.4 Externalities
3.0 Welfare Policy
3.1 Some important welfare
3.1.1 child benefits
3.2 Case of welfare
3.3 Instrument
4.0 Conclusion
Reference
1.0 Introduction
Economy is human activity that consists in producing exchanging, distributing, and consuming goods and services, studied by economics and realized inside on. In this report, discussing the reasons for market failure and probe government roles in relation to each of the following and government policy.
HND_经济学导论_outcome2_标答
Outcome 2
1.
书178，179二个图
Households buy commodities from firms, using the income individuals receive for their labour and capital supplied to firms
The firms use the income received from the sale of commodities to pay for the labour and to invest in new premises,plant and equipment.
2.
Injections：
Investments：Loan from banks, building societies, insurance companies etc. Money saved by household can be re-injected back into the inner flow as investment by business sector (firms) after they borrow the money out of financial institutions. Government Spending：Roads, hospitals, ing the fund largely collected through taxation, the government can be the biggest buyer spending money on the products and services provided by firms If government wishes to expend the flow of income in circulation, it may choose to increase the amount of its spending and probably adopt a tax-cutting.
hnd经济学导论outcome3
Merit goods
The merit goods are provided from government and basic on the human’s need. The merit goods not distributed through price system. But the private sector do not provide merit goods for people(SQA, 2013). Because the private sector just consider themself benefit, it do not consider ordinary people’s safeguard and maybe private sector do not assume to distribute for people . For example: The museum is merit goods from government to provide. It can free visit goods for people. But the private sector do not have many capital pay for the museum and they only collection of charges that people can visit goods. So the government can provide merit goods.
HND_经济学导论coutcome2
Assessment task 2
Assessment task instructions
The UK economy is made up of millions of people and billions of economic activities. Within these activities, goods and services are created and exchanged. It can be complicated at times but a simple model explaining in general terms how an economy is organised and how those involved interact is a good start.
Question 1
Draw a diagram showing the participants of the Circular Flow of Income and explain how it operates.
The simple model is sufficient for a beginning, but an economy is more complex and involves external influences, which can raise or lower economic activity.
Question 2
Identify three injections and three withdrawals from the Circular Flow of Income; give examples of each, and how they affect levels of economic activity.
hnd 经济学导论 outcome3 答案
Outcome 3
1. What is meant by public goods and merit goods? Give an example of each.
Merit Goods: The Government provides services that might not be provided by the private sector in sufficient quantities or of a sufficient quality, for example, health services and education. These are commonly referred to as Merit Goods.
For example: 1. Beijing International Studies University.
Public Goods: These are commodities, which would not be provided by the private sector because they would find that many people, even if they benefited from them, would refuse the finance through taxation. The level of spending allocated to public goods varies and will depend on many things such as needs and circumstances and political philosophies.
HND经济学导论OUTCOME3
Market Failure and Government Policy
SCN: 177099996
GTB4
Li Wenxuan
Tutor: Lou Qiuyin
November 6th, 2016
Content 1.0 introduction
2.0 Market Failure
2.1 Merit Goods
2.2 Public Goods
2.3 Imperfect Competition
2.4 Externalities
3.0 Welfare Policy
3.1 Some important welfare
3.1.1 child benefits
3.2 Case of welfare
3.3 Instrument
4.0 Conclusion
Reference
1.0 Introduction
Economy is human activity that consists in producing exchanging, distributing, and consuming goods and services, studied by economics and realized inside on. In this report, discussing the reasons for market failure and probe government roles in relation to each of the following and government policy.
HND经济学导论Outcome1考试题及翻译
Assessment task instructions
Read the following passage and answer the questions which follow.
SteamScot is a privately run rail company, which provides steam train journeys in Scotland. At present they operate three specific rail journeys in various parts of Scotland. These journeys are aimed at the tourist market and operate throughout the summer months. Around 70% of passengers are domestic tourists with the other 30% overseas visitors.
The company has been fairly profitable over the last decade, and with the help of various grants available, they are considering an expansion of its operations. However, it is also aware that within the next five years a major overhaul of its capital stock as well as major repairs will have to be undertaken. It is this dilemma that the board of the company faces.
大二HND经济学导论DE3A 34 outcome 2
Q1. Circular flow of income
画图
解释循环
Q2 3 injection and 3 withdrawals
各举一个例子。共六个例子
例子越详细越好
E.g. Exports
China sells electronics to North Korea, China's National income
(or GDP, GNP) increases.
Q3.
A Explain difficulties in measuring the national income. P162-163
只写黑体字不给分；每个都需要例子并解释
B. Explain why is it difficult to compare the growth rate of various countries P169
每个都举例子并解释
3行算雷同
C. Multiplier
Explain how P199-202
内容包括：
定义
一个例子描述multiplier是如何形成的，可套用199页的例子（但是国家名字，产品名字必须要改掉）
公式
举例计算
MPS=0.25,0.3,0.15(假设）
MPC=1-MPS
K=1/MPS=W
如果注入X，实际国民收入增长加WX
D. Explain the difference between real and nominal growth using examples from the table
Real: 考虑到通货膨胀的效应
Nominal:不考虑通货膨胀的效应
比方说：表格中，英国1994年国民收入增长为4.7%，如果同年通货膨胀为10%的话，real实际上没有增长，反而减少了
HnD经济学导论outcome1报告
International College
Central South University of Forestry and Technology
Assessment Task: _____________________________________________________________ Course Name:__________________________________ Outcome: ____________________ Prepared by：______________________________________________________ （English name）
________________________________ （Chinese name）___________________ （Candidate Number)
Class: ____________________ Name of Tutor：
___________________________
Due Date: _______________ Date Submitted：___________________
Your report/essay should meet the following requirements。Please confirm this before submitting your assignment。
☐Assignment is presented on A4 size paper and is tidily typed and well presented.。
HND 经济学(2) outcome3
Report for Economic Issues
Outcome 3
Name: Zhang Chen
Major: International Economic and Trade
Class: 2
Number: 20115434
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Findings
2.1 Market Failure
2.2 Public Goods
2.3 Merit Goods
2.4 Externalities
2.5 Imperfect Competition
2.6 UK Government policy on welfare
2.7 The evaluation
3. Conclusion
4. Reference
1. Introduction
My reporter is expounding the market failure, and in my explanation I make appropriate reference to the role of government in relation to each of the following: Public Goods, Merit Goods, Externalities and Imperfect Competition. Later, I will explain the UK government policy on welfare and identify and describe the instruments the government use to achieve their policy and give a justified evaluation of the performance of the policy in relation to its use within the UK
HND经济学导论outcome2
Assessment task 2
Assessment task instructions The UK economy is made up of millions of people and billions of economic activities. Within these activities, goods and services are created and exchanged. It can be complicated at times but a simple model explaining in general terms how an economy is organised and how those involved interact is a good start.
Question 1 Draw a diagram showing the participants of the Circular Flow of Income and explain how it operates. The simple model is sufficient for a beginning, but an economy is more complex and involves external influences, which can raise or lower economic activity.
Question 2 Identify three injections and three withdrawals from the Circular Flow of Income; give examples of each, and how they affect levels of economic activity. In the following table, there are examples of the growth rate of various countries over nine years Country United Kingdom United States Bulgaria Switzerland 1994 4.7 4.0 1.8 0.3 1995 2.9 2.7 2.1 0.6 1996 2.6
精选-HND经济学导论Outcome1考试题及翻译
Assessment task instructions
Read the following passage and answer the questions which follow. SteamScot is a privately run rail company, which provides steam train journeys in Scotland. At present they operate three specific rail journeys in various parts of Scotland. These journeys are aimed at the tourist market and operate throughout the summer months. Around 70% of passengers are domestic tourists with the other 30% overseas visitors. The company has been fairly profitable over the last decade, and with the help of various grants available, they are considering an expansion of its operations. However, it is also aware that within the next five years a major overhaul of its capital stock as well as major repairs will have to be undertaken. It is this dilemma that the board of the company faces. It is estimated that in the coming year it will have £2.5 million to spend. This money could be used to open a new line between Inverness and Fort William, or to begin the repair and replacement plan on its current routes.
hnd经济学2世界经济学
hnd经济学2世界经济学
HND经济学2 ——世界经济学
随着全球化和国际化的不断深入，世界经济学的研究越来越受到人们的关注。作为经济学专业的学生，我们需要了解世界经济学的历史、现状和未来发展趋势，以便更好地为世界经济的发展做出贡献。
一、历史回顾
世界经济学的起源可以追溯到18世纪的亚当·斯密和大卫·李嘉图等人的经济学理论。他们提出了自由市场、贸易自由化和国际分工等理念，为后来的经济学发展奠定了基础。20世纪以来，随着全球化的加速和贸易自由化的推进，世界经济学的研究成为了经济学领域的一个重要分支。世界经济学逐渐成为了国际经济关系、国际贸易和投资等领域的基础理论，也为国际组织如世界贸易组织、国际货币基金组织等提供了理论支持。
二、现状分析
当前，全球经济发展呈现出以下几个特点：
1. 经济全球化程度不断提高。随着技术的发展和市场的扩大，各国之间的贸易和投资关系越来越紧密。
2. 经济增长呈现出新的趋势。新兴市场国家和发展中国家的经济增长速度远高于发达经济体，成为全球经济增长的主要引擎。
3. 贸易保护主义抬头。进入21世纪后，一些国家和地区出现了贸易保护主义倾向，挑战了全球自由贸易的发展。
4. 环境和资源约束。随着人口增长和工业化的不断发展，环境和资源约束成为了经济发展的重要因素。
三、未来趋势
未来世界经济学的发展，将呈现出以下几个趋势：
1. 增长模式的转变。未来经济增长将更注重科技创新和新产业的发展，新经济形态如数字经济、分享经济等将逐渐成为经济增长的新引擎。
2. 贸易自由化的反弹。虽然当前世界贸易形势不容乐观，但全球化和贸易自由化的趋势不可逆转，未来国际贸易将更加自由化和便利化。
HNDSQA Ad 经济学导论案例参考 国贸会计金融Economic Issues Outcome1
Case study;
Green Auto is auto manufacturer, established over 15 years ago. The company has three production lines and over 12,000 employees,In the last 3 years it has seen a negative growth in the market
It might due to three reasons. Firstly, rises in gasoline prices led to more people riding bicycles or taking public transportation instead of driving. Secondly,Green Auto had to recall 3000 cars because of quality problem last year. It affected the company's reputation seriously. Thirdly, Sun Auto, the competitor of Green Auto,launches a new energy vehicle and makes big success. The demand and supply of vehicles at various market prices every year is shown in the schedule below：AYi-Studios
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An investigative report on Welfare Policy in the U.K. Market
Outcome 3
Candidate Name: WANGGAI
Grade and Class: 11 Financial services class 6
Catalog ●Introduce
●Section 1
●Section 2
●Research
Introduce：This report is market failure and government's role and the social welfare policy survey report, report the information from the website as well as books, in a report last may elucidate.
1、Market failure：Market malfunction is due to intrinsic functional defects and external conditions caused by the defect of market mechanism in the allocation of resources in certain areas of operation. Because the market monopoly and price distortion or for the public goods character because of the asymmetric information and the external reasons, causes the resources disposition of invalid or small effect, which can realize resource to configure zero opportunity cost of resource allocation state. Usually used for invalid rate of special major, or non market mechanism is more efficient and the ability to create wealth is better when the private choice. On the other hand, the market failure is usually used to describe the market forces can not meet the status of public interest. Market failure establishes the basis for government intervention. The roles of government in attempting to correct these failures: merit goods, public goods, externalities and imperfect competition。Specific policy measures used by the government of the UK, such as competition, health care, transport etc. The market mechanism may fail to provide the optimal mix of output. The optimal mix of output is the most desirable combination of output attainable with existing resources, technology and social values.
Government intervention in economic activities, but complementary, grant of. The government in market economy economic role, is to remedy market flaw or insufficient needs a decision. The role of government can be divided into regulation of human character, commonweal character, control characters, the arbitrator roles and role of night watchman.
2、Public goods：The market mechanism works efficiently only if the benefits of consuming the good or service are available only to individuals who purchase it.
Public goods are common. Pay consumer items, such as national power grid, public radio, all kinds of public facilities consulting and so on, and provide these is the government, the government is responsible for the provision of public goods to let you use.
3、Externalities：In market economy, a main body of the market (consumer or producer) of the consequences of the Act (cost or revenue), not by the subject himself to bear, but by other subjects to bear, this is called external, or call the market externalities. Externalities cause of market mechanism in the allocation of resources function failure, is "market failure" which is one of the reasons. For example, Western countries set up factories in developing countries: more emission of waste gas waste water in other countries, in domestic emissions pollution are subject to strict fine, the developed country takes industrial waste shipped to some developed countries, at the same time, give some benefits in terms of commitment, to maintain their environment.
4、Merit Goods: Merit goods are required by individuals on a basis of need rather than on their ability to pay. Where a free market economy may fail to provide merit goods as they could be financially unattractive, the government will intervene and provide such a necessity as education. For example,Air has the use value, is one of the three elements of survival, but no value, which could not be called commodities, if a person into the deep mountains and forests, with bottles and cans of fresh air is transported to the polluted city in sale, the air will have a value, may be called a commodity.
5、Imperfect competition：Imperfect competition refers to such market perfect competition cannot be maintained, because at least one large enough to influence the market price to the buyer (or seller), and therefore face a downward-sloping demand curve (or supply).Includes various incomplete factors, such as monopoly, oligopoly or monopoly competition. For example,In December 4, 1991, the United States