圆极化微带天线的设计与研究

摘要

微带天线具有体积小，重量轻，低剖面，制造成本低，易于批量生产，易于和微带线路集成等特点，能得到单方向的宽瓣方向图，易于实现双频段、双极化等多功能工作。这些优点使得微带天线在大约100MHz～100GHz宽广频域上，广泛应用于包括卫星通信、雷达、遥感、制导武器以及便携式无线电设备。

论文首先回顾了微带天线的发展史，介绍了它的结构、优缺点及应用，然后给出了微带天线的几种分析方法，包括传输线法，空腔模型法，积分方程法等，并介绍了微带天线圆极化的原理和实现方法以及微带天线的馈电方式。然后在Ansoft HFSS中创建了一个单馈圆极化微带天线和双馈圆极化微带天线，分析了S11和VSWR参数，画出了方向图。为了实现圆极化，进行了轴比的优化仿真，达到了较为理想的结果。

关键词：微带天线、圆极化、轴比

Abstract

The microstrip antennas has the volume to be small, the weight is light, the low section plane, the production cost is low, easy volume production, easy and characteristics and so on microstrip line integration, can obtain the single direction wide petal directional diagram, easy to realize, the double polarization dual range and so on multi-purpose work. These merits cause the microstrip antennas in approximately the 100MHz-100GHz broad frequency range, widely applies in includes the satellite communication, the radar, the remote sensing, the guided weapon as well as the portable wireless apparatus.

The paper first reviewed microstrip antennas's history, introduced its structure, the good and bad points and the application, then have given microstrip antennas's several analysis method, including the transmission long-base method, the cavity modeling, the integral equation law and so on, and introduced the microstrip antennas circular polarization's principle and realizes the method as well as microstrip antennas's feed method. Then AnSoft Hfss in the creation of a single-fed circular polarization microstrip antenna and double-fed circular polarization microstrip antenna and double-fed circular polarization microstrip antenna, the analysis of the S11 and VSWR parameters, to draw a pattern. In order to achieve circular polarization, the axis carried on the optimization simulation, to a more satisfactory results.

Key words：microstrip antenna；circular polarization; axial ratio

目录

摘要...................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ........................................................................................... II 目录................................................................................................... III 第一章绪论. (1)

§1.1微带天线的发展 (1)

§1.2微带天线的定义和结构 (1)

§1.3微带天线的优缺点 (2)

§1.4微带天线的应用 (3)

第二章微带天线的原理技术 (4)

§2.1微带天线的辐射机理 (4)

§2.2微带天线的分析方法 (5)

§2.2.1传输线模型法 (5)

§2.2.2空腔模型法 (8)

§2.2.3积分方程法 (8)

§2.3微带天线的馈电方法 (9)

§2.4微带天线圆极化技术 (10)

§2.4.1圆极化天线的原理 (10)

§2.4.2圆极化实现技术 (11)

§2.5其他形式的微带天线 (15)

第三章圆极化微带天线的仿真与优化 (19)

§3.1A NSOFT HFSS高频仿真软件的介绍 (19)

§3.2圆极化微带天线的仿真优化 (19)

§3.2.1圆极化微带天线的仿真设计 (19)

§3.2.2天线轴比的优化 (22)

第四章双馈圆极化微带天线的设计 (25)