Campathecin_7689-03-4_CoA_MedChemExpress
枣果中环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）的提取工艺及含量测定
枣果中环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）的提取工艺及含量测定张明娟;李薇;庞晓明【摘要】大枣中的环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）含量丰富而且稳定，在已测的动植物材料中居首位。
试验采用超声水浴提取的方法，考察超声时间、乙醇浓度、料液比3个因素对cAMP提取率的影响，结果表明料液比为主要影响因素，超声时间、乙醇浓度次之；确定了cAMP最佳提取：工艺：料液比1：25，乙醇浓度15％，超声时间20min。
并采用高效液相色谱法测定了8种枣果中的cAMP的含量，最高的为朝阳圆枣（375．61μg／g），最低为1-早脆王（46．01μg／g）。
%The cAMP content is abundant and stable in jujubes,and is the highest in animals and plants tested so far. This paper used the method of ultrasound and water bath extraction to study the effect of three factors （time of ul-trasound,concentration of alcohol,solid-liquid ratio） on the extraction rate of cAMP. The result showed that solid-liq-uid ratio was the main influencing factor, ultrasonic time, concentration of alcohol was then followed. The best extrac-tion process of cAMP was ： solid-liquid ratio 1：25, solvent coneentration15% ,ultrasonic time 20min. The paper also used high performance liquid chromatographic to determine cAMP content in eight kinds jujubes, and it showed that chaoyangyuanzao had the highest （375.61 μg/g content, 1 -zaocuiwang had the lowest （46.01μg/g）content.【期刊名称】《食品与发酵工业》【年(卷),期】2012(038)005【总页数】4页(P228-231)【关键词】枣果;环磷酸腺苷;提取;高效液相色谱法【作者】张明娟;李薇;庞晓明【作者单位】北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 中国食品发酵工业研究院,北京100027;北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083;北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TS201.24环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)分子式为:Cl0H12N5O6P·H2O，水合物为类白色或淡黄色结晶，微溶于水，不溶于乙醇或乙醚;熔点为219～220℃(分解)，比旋度为-51.3°(C=0.67);它对酸、碱、热都相当稳定[1］。
环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)检测
迪信泰检测平台
环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）检测
环磷酸腺苷(Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP)，又称为环化腺核苷一磷酸、环腺一磷，是细胞内参与调节物质代谢和生物学功能的重要物质，是生命信息传递的“第二信使”。
在体内可以促进心肌细胞的存活，增强心肌细胞抗损伤、抗缺血和缺氧能力；促进钙离子向心肌细胞内流动，增强磷酸化作用，促进兴奋-收缩偶联，提高心肌细胞收缩力，增加心输出量；同时还扩张外周血管，降低心脏射血阻抗，减轻心脏前后负荷，增加心排出量，改善心功能。
迪信泰检测平台采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和液相质谱联用(LC-MS)，可高效、精准
的检测cAMP的含量变化。
此外，迪信泰检测平台还提供其他信号分子系列检测服务，以满足您的不同需求。
对于常见核苷酸，可配合标样进行检测，对于稀有的核苷酸，如提供标准样品，可提供定制检测。
HPLC和LC-MS测定cAMP样本要求：
1. 请确保样本量大于0.2g或者0.2mL。
周期：2~3周。
项目结束后迪信泰检测平台将会提供详细中英文双语技术报告，报告包括：
1. 实验步骤（中英文）。
2. 相关质谱参数（中英文）。
3. 质谱图片。
4. 原始数据。
5. cAMP含量信息。
迪信泰检测平台可根据需求定制其他物质测定方案，具体可免费咨询技术支持。
SCI_Chem 影响因子
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3.20.01489 5.62318>10.00.013647.55389.40.008828.821867 5.10.27819 4.24368.40.00872 6.542227 5.50.53637 3.497299.90.01888.1211078 4.40.37491 5.1891191 2.40.20333 4.012473 1.80.05534 3.461368.20.03818 3.07130997.70.83183 2.99465 5.90.01757 3.141169 1.40.00944 3.344569 4.20.12336 3.006377.20.00647 2.73229 1.90.00155 3.27323 3.90.00716 4.441557.70.01045 2.068458 1.40.02121 2.833576 6.70.15215 2.032167.90.00342 3.148457 3.60.07856 2.503112 4.60.01202 1.97501 6.90.05008 1.9062220.00197 2.73916>10.00.003282.792Eigenfactor®Metrics286 2.60.0208 2.0046>10.00.00142 1.13896 2.80.01517 2.301119.20.00397 3.974>10.00.00086 1.894 44940.03848 1.5233>10.00.00076 2.537437.60.01013 2.301 63220.04884 2.393 2150.003483173 4.80.28954 1.5629>10.00.00211 3.009 138 5.80.01695 1.794 1015 1.70.02966 1.597 508.20.01226 2.37 160850.18182 1.40244 5.40.01448 3.213188.30.00431 2.295 107.10.00156 2.34 674 6.40.06437 1.6 1916 4.10.1766 1.469 480 5.40.05059 1.419 284>10.00.04014 1.60356 1.20.00194 1.703 617 3.70.05475 1.603 14797.80.17236 1.533 8907.80.09182 1.35 404 4.40.04405 1.352 239.20.00403 2.705 448 4.10.05929 1.252 507 3.50.04948 1.865 480 5.30.05919 1.416 315 1.30.00585 1.6362>10.00.00057 1.543 255 2.10.01222 1.495 116 6.20.01779 2.376 953 2.30.03563 1.2844>10.00.00016 2.2160 5.10.006940.708137.90.00319 2.303 3283 3.40.34957 1.353 2798.70.02859 1.299 773 3.90.057280.943 493 5.30.04212 1.304 11447.10.090460.92115617.50.124780.98 259 5.70.03346 1.295 372 2.80.02555 1.219 1289>10.00.12482 1.03 7277.10.06585 1.03830 5.80.00343 1.39794 6.80.01439 1.685 303 6.60.019140.892 2119 6.70.21487 1.164 9987.10.059110.76263 3.40.002370.436140.000190.962 475 5.50.03101 1.1898.60.00225 1.225 194 2.50.00680.908 817 6.60.031350.985 68170.09849 1.714 1358 2.50.073 1.334 1194 2.60.032550.749 10720.00309 1.26 1021 4.40.12987 1.194 459 3.20.02416 1.192 2618.90.03446 1.396 1804 3.70.15067 1.296 1418.60.01298 1.609 1709 4.50.08330.842 327 1.30.00320.94181 4.90.00904 1.23 327 4.70.03579 1.258 17750.0131 1.044 2597.10.02119 1.078 877 4.30.068460.99799 1.40.001410.915 449 6.30.028910.786 16157.50.18356 1.081 22860.020170.96535 1.90.00176 1.224 1160 3.80.055440.914 201 6.30.017610.949 426 4.10.025740.772 2120 3.70.074070.708 1016 5.80.054290.757 321 5.50.013530.63690 3.30.006210.726 184 4.80.010070.73123>10.00.00228 1.513 610 3.80.032170.72 842 5.40.057730.829 213 5.40.01270.77439 2.40.001731002 4.80.033670.729 208 4.30.00930.537 5247.60.043570.93 116>10.00.02104 1.812 173>10.00.013330.936 589 5.30.032210.807 108 6.10.009190.931 487 4.70.03951 1.142 76450.047770.779 1666 5.20.091160.854 193 1.80.004620.921 120 2.20.004670.894 3338.70.027140.756 4327.10.027040.625 19520.003610.533 194 6.90.011710.909 2597.30.013360.716 266 6.80.026850.752 87080.070140.869 2187.70.01310.75610 5.60.00062 1.012 4189.20.026590.815 622 5.20.034970.666 1709.90.01712 1.222 178 5.80.009120.836 907.70.00320.65258>10.00.01221 1.371 4877.30.041850.896 187 5.60.009820.662 338 6.50.019280.711 443 6.30.026840.651 20850.01330.806 409 4.50.027060.735 774 3.20.034350.762 15287.90.107180.745 739 5.40.053960.715 227.60.001180.774 105 5.10.007480.647 129 4.90.00780.74475 3.50.002990.639212 3.70.013920.784 201 5.60.009290.599 500 6.30.06138 1.238 >10.00.00042 1.049 290 6.10.019640.625 251 5.60.017330.895 12498.40.075460.68 241 2.20.005560.628 1341 6.70.120620.829 651 6.90.026690.572 224 5.10.010210.672 290 5.30.013220.702 194 1.60.002660.7278>10.00.000620.792 314>10.00.019270.649 32830.001390.381 520 6.30.034550.62153 5.20.004350.904 200 1.30.002460.856 109 3.70.00563143 5.80.013670.825 439 4.20.025470.66 441>10.00.03210.853 17290.80.002020.494 1527.40.009010.741 624 2.40.016810.714 337 6.40.02850.71 173 1.90.002010.614 124 6.30.008010.593 2207.60.010810.602 4708.20.028730.596 221 5.20.00853 1.29 4957.50.036490.714 967.20.003150.52311>10.00.000450.543 184 3.50.006730.588 1064 2.80.017560.666 2437.60.014140.744 257.10.002380.868 105130.022770.574 10130.003550.834 2518.20.017620.63 16669.90.081330.508 1478 4.10.10840.548 14830.008560.8753427.80.015630.587 559.80.002470.6496 1.50.001250.668648.10.002270.561 178 6.20.010850.6 247>10.00.011750.526 202 5.20.013550.701 1484 5.40.069550.546 116 6.40.005740.60572 2.10.00140.58954>10.00.004010.856 351 6.60.011110.57 960 3.90.021660.681 1549.50.006150.597 5790.008180.646 6720.0008353 2.30.00061176 2.60.005320.633 1947.80.016490.569 223 5.60.014960.968 25280.006360.457 1626 5.50.049760.537 1977.10.008730.585 128 5.40.00580.57919>10.00.001080.734 650 3.70.017210.673 9419.10.050830.59113>10.00.00130.598 21090.007690.475 906>10.00.066080.687 350 3.90.005590.396 2247.80.01640.479 1789 5.50.074220.539 419>10.00.014550.491 579 6.80.034280.585 11717.30.084950.73 918.60.003920.471 458.60.00220.655 100 6.20.007370.666 335 5.10.012850.644 964 5.50.038290.59199 5.20.004810.478 302 6.60.012460.48640 2.10.000610.345 392>10.00.021350.719339>10.00.01560.489 5138.90.025150.615 50 4.50.001620.659 1368.50.005580.639 353 5.90.018730.713 495 4.80.011170.321 1147.60.003960.391 156 6.70.022520.706 508 6.50.027410.476 82 5.10.003380.472 410>10.00.020760.421 400>10.00.012770.531 463 4.70.008250.53 728 5.70.012880.253 2367.10.012090.669 180 3.80.004490.45 360>10.00.018270.679 2957.80.035210.653 950 3.40.026580.586 218 5.20.006840.446 2547.50.007820.487。
人环磷酸腺苷cAMPELISA试剂盒使用方法
人环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)ELISA试剂盒使用方法本试剂盒仅供研究使用。
检测范围：96T15pg/ml-400pg/ml使用目的：本试剂盒用于测定人血清、血浆及相关液体样本中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)含量。
实验原理本试剂盒应用双抗体夹心法测定标本中人环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)水平。
用纯化的人环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)抗体包被微孔板，制成固相抗体，往包被单抗的微孔中依次加入环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)，再与HRP标记的环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)抗体结合，形成抗体-抗原-酶标抗体复合物，经过彻底洗涤后加底物TMB显色。
TMB在HRP酶的催化下转化成蓝色，并在酸的作用下转化成最终的黄色。
颜色的深浅和样品中的环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)呈正相关。
用酶标仪在450nm 波长下测定吸光度（OD值），通过标准曲线计算样品中人环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)浓度。
标本要求1．标本采集后尽早进行提取，提取按相关文献进行，提取后应尽快进行实验。
若不能马上进行试验，可将标本放于-20℃保存，但应避免反复冻融2．不能检测含NaN3的样品，因NaN3抑制辣根过氧化物酶的（HRP）活性。
操作步骤1.标准品的稀释：本试剂盒提供原倍标准品一支，用户可按照下列图表在小试管中进行稀2.加样：分别设空白孔（空白对照孔不加样品及酶标试剂，其余各步操作相同）、标准孔、待测样品孔。
在酶标包被板上标准品准确加样50μl，待测样品孔中先加样品稀释液40μl，然后再加待测样品10μl（样品最终稀释度为5倍）。
加样将样品加于酶标板孔底部，尽量不触及孔壁，轻轻晃动混匀。
3.温育：用封板膜封板后置37℃温育30分钟。
4.配液：将30倍浓缩洗涤液用蒸馏水30倍稀释后备用5.洗涤：小心揭掉封板膜，弃去液体，甩干，每孔加满洗涤液，静置30秒后弃去，如此重复5次，拍干。
6.加酶：每孔加入酶标试剂50μl，空白孔除外。
7.温育：操作同3。
8.洗涤：操作同5。
9.显色：每孔先加入显色剂A50μl，再加入显色剂B50μl，轻轻震荡混匀，37℃避光显色15分钟.10.终止：每孔加终止液50μl，终止反应（此时蓝色立转黄色）。
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR) 是一类由配体激活的核转录因子,属Ⅱ型核受体超家族成员, 存在3种亚型，即PPARα、PPARδ、PPARγ，这三种亚型在结构上有一定的相似性，均含DNA结合区和配体结合区等。
PPAR与配体结合后被激活，与9-顺视黄酸类受体形成异二聚体，然后与靶基因的启动子上游的过氧化物酶体增殖物反应元件(peroxisome proliferator response element，PPRE)结合而发挥转录调控作用。
PPRE 由含相隔一个或两个核苷酸的重复序列AGGTCA组成。
与配体结合后，PPAR在DNA结合区发生变构，进而影响PPAR刺激靶基因转录的能力。
PPARδ几乎在所有组织中表达，浓度低于PPARα及PPARγ，直至最近以前尚未找到此一核受体的选择性配基。
PPARδ是代谢综合征（肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、高血压是与脂质紊乱有关的共同的病态表现）的一个新靶点。
有不少的研究表明：GW501516可作为PPARδ的特异激动剂用于研究。
参考网址：/cjh/2003/shownews.asp?id=156/conference/preview.php?kind_id=03&cat_name=ADA2001&title_id=59219 Regulation of Muscle Fiber Type and Running Endurance by PPARδplos biology，Volume 2 | Issue 10 | October 2004/plosonline/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0020294NF-KB通路中的抑制剂好像有1.PDTC(pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate),是一种抗氧化剂，主要作用于IκB降解的上游环节（IκBα的磷酸化或IKK的活性水平），2.Gliotoxin 是一种免疫抑制剂，机制可能从多个环节阻断NF-KB的激活，如IκB的降解，NF-KB的核移位和与DNA的结合。
依达拉奉右莰醇通过铁死亡-脂质过氧化通路对脑出血大鼠神经保护的作用机制
实验研究依达拉奉右莰醇通过铁死亡-脂质过氧化通路对脑出血大鼠神经保护的作用机制毛权西，李作孝△摘要：目的探讨依达拉奉右莰醇对脑出血大鼠的神经保护作用及血肿周围脑组织脂质过氧化的影响。
方法将128只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、脑出血组、依达拉奉组和依达拉奉右莰醇组，每组32只。
除假手术组外，其余组大鼠构建急性脑出血模型，依达拉奉组、依达拉奉右莰醇组于造模后分别腹腔注射依达拉奉6mg/kg、依达拉奉右莰醇7.5mg/kg，每12h注射1次，假手术组和脑出血组腹腔注射等量生理盐水。
术后1d、3d、7d和14d按Garcia评分标准进行神经功能评分，HE染色观察血肿周围脑组织病理变化，化学荧光法检测血肿周围脑组织活性氧（ROS）含量，微量酶标法检测血肿周围脑组织还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量，蛋白免疫印迹法检测血肿周围脑组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4（GPX4）、长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶4（ACSL4）和磷脂胆碱酰基转移酶3（LPCAT3）表达。
结果与假手术组比较，脑出血组大鼠神经功能评分降低，血肿周围脑组织出现大量炎性细胞浸润及神经细胞变性，ROS含量、ACSL4和LPCAT3蛋白表达水平升高，GSH含量、GPX4蛋白表达水平降低（P＜0.05）；与脑出血组比较，依达拉奉组和依达拉奉右莰醇组大鼠神经功能评分升高，血肿周围脑组织病理损伤明显减轻，ROS含量、ACSL4和LPCAT3蛋白表达水平降低，GSH含量、GPX4蛋白表达水平增加（P＜0.05）；依达拉奉右莰醇组干预效果优于依达拉奉组（P＜0.05）；除假手术组外，其余各组均在术后3d时变化最明显，术后7d、14d逐渐恢复（P＜0.05）。
结论依达拉奉右莰醇可能通过调节脑出血大鼠神经细胞铁死亡相关蛋白的表达，减少脑组织脂质过氧化，抑制神经细胞铁死亡，从而发挥脑保护作用。
关键词：依达拉奉右莰醇；依达拉奉；脑出血；铁死亡；脂质过氧化中图分类号：R743.34文献标志码：A DOI：10.11958/20221777Neuroprotective mechanism of edaravone dexborneol in rats with cerebral hemorrhage throughferroptosis-lipid peroxidation pathwayMAO Quanxi,LI Zuoxiao△Department of Neurology,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou646000,China△Corresponding Author E-mail:Abstract:Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of edaravone dexborneol on cerebral hemorrhage in rats and the effect of lipid peroxidation on perihematomal brain tissue.Methods A total of128SD rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated group,the cerebral hemorrhage group,the edaravone group and the edaravone dexborneol group, with32rats in each group.The acute cerebral hemorrhage model was constructed in all groups except for the sham-operated group.The edaravone group and edaravone dexamphene group were injected intraperitoneally with6mg/kg of edaravone and edaravone dexamphene7.5mg/kg,one injection every12hours.The sham-operated group and the cerebral hemorrhage group were injected intraperitoneally with equal amounts of saline.The neurological function was scored according to Garcia score at1d,3d,7d,and14d after surgery.Brain tissue around hematoma was stained with HE staining.Chemo fluorescence assay was used to observe pathological changes and reactive oxygen species(ROS)content of brain tissue around hematoma.Micro enzyme labeling assay was used to detect glutathione(GSH)content of brain tissue around hematoma.The expression levels of glutathione peroxidase4(GPX4),long-chain lipid acyl-coenzyme A synthase4(ACSL4) and phospholipid choline acyltransferase3(LPCAT3)in brain tissue around hematoma were detected by protein immunoblotting.Results Compared with the sham-operated group,neurological function scores were decreased in the cerebral hemorrhage group.Massive inflammatory cell infiltration and neuronal degeneration in brain tissue around hematoma were found,and ROS content,ACSL4and LPCAT3protein expression level increased.GSH content and GPX4 protein expression level decreased in the cerebral hemorrhage group(P＜0.05).Compared with the cerebral hemorrhage group,neurological function scores were increased,histopathological damage around the hematoma was significantly基金项目：泸州市人民政府-西南医科大学科技战略合作基金项目（2018LZXNYD-ZK17）作者单位：西南医科大学附属医院神经内科（邮编646000）作者简介：毛权西（1990），男，硕士在读，主要从事神经免疫方向研究。
科莱恩推出采用天然原料的DESVOCANT吸附剂
Determination of the Content of Dichloromethane inWaste Water by Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceSpectroscopyZHAO Hengjun CHEN Zhaoyang ZHANG Wei ZHANG Qi GUO QiangshengZHOU Zuxin GUO XiaomingAbstract:A nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy method was developed for the determination ofdichloromethane content in waste water.The deuterium oxide was employed as the solvent and potassium acid phthalatewas used as the internal standard.The 1H chemical shifts of quantitative peaks of potassium acid phthalate anddichloromethane appear at δ=7.45and δ=5.35,respectively.The pulse width of 3.0μs,delay time of 1.0s and samplingfrequency of 1024times were adopted.The results show that the relative standard deviation (RSD)of the determination is 0.81%,and the linear correlation coefficient of the dichloromethane content in range of 500-5000mg/L is 0.998.Two samples of waste water have been determined by the developed 1H NMR method,and the dichloromethane concentrations are 1046.8mg/L (RSD=0.97%)and 3492.5mg/L (RSD=0.83%),respectively.The results are in coincidence with thosemeasured by the headspace gas chromatography method,indicating that NMR spectroscopy can be used for the determina -tion of dichloromethane content in waste water.Key words:Nuclear magnetic resonance;Dichloromethane;Waste water;Potassium acid phthalate;Headspace gas chromatography[8]The British Pharmacopoeia Commission.British pharma-copoeia (2013Ed)[M].London:The Stationary Office,2013.[9]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(2010年版二部)[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2010:附录,81-83.[10]高照明,张玉冰,于永良.核磁共振内标法定量分析肝素钠中多硫酸软骨素[J].分析化学,2011,39(4):601-602.[11]郭强胜,石高旗,宋巍,等.NMR 定量测定片剂中的对乙酰氨基酚[J].分析测试学报,2012,31(1):117-120.[12]禹珊,郭强胜,王会琳,等.定量核磁共振波谱法同时测定中药虎杖中白藜芦醇和虎杖苷的含量[J].分析化学,2015,43(1):69-74.[13]del CAMPO G,BERREGI I,CARACENA R,et al.Quanti-tative determination of caffeine,formic acid,trigonelline and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural in soluble coffees by 1H NMR spectrometry[J].Talanta,2010,81:367-371.[14]肖坤,龚灿,郭强胜,等.定量核磁共振碳谱同时测定食用油中甘油三酯的sn-1,3和sn-2脂肪酸含量[J].分析化学,2020,48(6):802-810.收稿日期：2020年12月科莱恩推出采用天然原料的DESVOCANT 吸附剂最近，科莱恩推出了基于可持续开采膨润土开发的新型DESVOCANT 系列吸附剂，该产品可有效降低运输人员、商家和消费者接触商品残留挥发性有机化合物（VOC ）的机会。
CellTiter Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Protocol
Promega Corporation ·2800 Woods Hollow Road ·Madison, WI 53711-5399 USA Toll F ree in USA 800-356-9526·Phone 608-274-4330 ·F ax 608-277-2516 ·1.Description (1)2.Product Components and Storage Conditions (4)3.Performing the CellTiter-Glo ®Assay (5)A.Reagent Preparation (5)B.Protocol for the Cell Viability Assay (6)C.Protocol for Generating an ATP Standard Curve (optional) (7)4.Appendix (7)A.Overview of the CellTiter-Glo ®Assay..............................................................7B.Additional Considerations..................................................................................8C.References............................................................................................................11D.Related Products. (12)1.DescriptionThe CellTiter-Glo ®Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (a–e)is a homogeneous method to determine the number of viable cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP present, which signals the presence of metabolically active cells. The CellTiter-Glo ®Assay is designed for use with multiwell-plate formats, making it ideal for automated high-throughput screening (HTS) and cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. The homogeneous assay procedure (Figure 1) involves adding a single reagent (CellTiter-Glo ®Reagent) directly to cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium. Cell washing, removal of medium or multiple pipetting steps are not required.The homogeneous “add-mix-measure” format results in cell lysis and generation of a luminescent signal proportional to the amount of ATP present (Figure 2).The amount of ATP is directly proportional to the number of cells present in culture in agreement with previous reports (1). The CellTiter-Glo ®Assay relies on the properties of a proprietary thermostable luciferase (Ultra-Glo™ Recombinant Luciferase), which generates a stable “glow-type” luminescent signal and improves performance across a wide range of assay conditions. The luciferase reaction for this assay is shown in Figure 3. The half-life of the luminescent signal resulting from this reaction is greater than five hours (Figure 4). This extended half-life eliminates the need for reagent injectors and provides flexibility for continuous or batch-mode processing of multiple plates. The unique homogeneous format reduces pipetting errors that may be introduced during the multiple steps required by other ATP-measurement methods.CellTiter-Glo ®Luminescent Cell Viability AssayAll technical literature is available on the Internet at: /protocols/ Please visit the web site to verify that you are using the most current version of this Technical Bulletin. Please contact Promega Technical Services if you have questions on useofthissystem.E-mail:********************Figure 1. Flow diagram showing preparation and use of CellTiter-Glo ®Reagent.Promega Corporation ·2800 Woods Hollow Road ·Madison, WI 53711-5399 USA Toll F ree in USA 800-356-9526·Phone 608-274-4330 ·F ax 608-277-2516 ·3170M A 12_0ACellTiter-Glo CellTiter-Glo MixerLuminometer®System Advantages•Homogeneous:“Add-mix-measure” format reduces the number of plate-handling steps to fewer than that required for similar ATP assays.•Fast:Data can be recorded 10 minutes after adding reagent.•Sensitive:Measures cells at numbers below the detection limits of standard colorimetric and fluorometric assays.•Flexible:Can be used with various multiwell formats. Data can be recorded by luminometer or CCD camera or imaging device.•Robust:Luminescent signal is very stable, with a half-life >5 hours,depending on cell type and culture medium used.•Able to Multiplex:Can be used with reporter gene assays or other cell-based assays from Promega (2,3).Figure 3. The luciferase reaction.Mono-oxygenation of luciferin is catalyzed byluciferase in the presence of Mg 2+, ATP and molecular oxygen.Promega Corporation ·2800 Woods Hollow Road ·Madison, WI 53711-5399 USA Toll F ree in USA 800-356-9526·Phone 608-274-4330 ·F ax 608-277-2516 ·3171M A 12_0A L u m i n e s c e n c e (R L U )Cells per Well10,00060,00020,00030,00040,00050,0000R² = 0.9990.5 × 1061.0 × 1061.5 × 1062.0 × 1062.5 × 1063.0 × 1063.5 × 1064.0 × 106r² = 0.99020,00010,00030,00040,00050,000r² = 0.9900100200300400HO SN S N O S N S N OCOOH +ATP+O 2Ultra-Glo™ Recombinant Luciferase +AMP+PP i +CO 2+LightBeetle Luciferin OxyluciferinMg 2+0Figure 2. Cell number correlates with luminescent output.A direct relationship exists between luminescence measured with the CellTiter-Glo ®Assay and the number of cells in culture over three orders of magnitude. Serial twofold dilutions of HEK293cells were made in a 96-well plate in DMEM with 10% FBS, and assays wereperformed as described in Section 3.B. Luminescence was recorded 10minutes after reagent addition using a GloMax ®-Multi+ Detection System. Values represent the mean ± S.D. of four replicates for each cell number. The luminescent signal from 50HEK293 cells is greater than three times the background signal from serum-supplemented medium without cells. There is a linear relationship (r 2= 0.99)between the luminescent signal and the number of cells from 0to 50,000 cells per well.Figure 4. Extended luminescent half-life allows high-throughput batchprocessing.Signal stability is shown for three common cell lines. HepG2 and BHK-21cells were grown and assayed in MEM containing 10% FBS, while CHO-K1 cells were grown and assayed in DME/F-12 containing 10% FBS. CHO-K1, BHK-21 and HepG2 cells, at 25,000 cells per well, were added to a 96-well plate. After an equal volume of CellTiter-Glo ®Reagent was added, plates were shaken and luminescence monitored over time with the plates held at 22°C. The half-lives of the luminescent signals for the CHO-K1, BHK-21 and HepG2 cells were approximately 5.4, 5.2 and5.8hours, respectively.2.Product Components and Storage ConditionsProduct Size Cat.#CellTiter-Glo ®Luminescent Cell Viability Assay 10ml G7570Substrate is sufficient for 100 assays at 100µl/assay in 96-well plates or 400 assays at 25µl/assay in 384-well plates. Includes:• 1 × 10mlCellTiter-Glo ®Buffer • 1 vial CellTiter-Glo ®Substrate (lyophilized)Product Size Cat.#CellTiter-Glo ®Luminescent Cell Viability Assay 10 × 10ml G7571Each vial of substrate is sufficient for 100 assays at 100µl/assay in 96-well plates or 400 assays at 25µl/assay in 384-well plates (1,000 to 4,000 total assays). Includes:•10 × 10mlCellTiter-Glo ®Buffer •10 vials CellTiter-Glo ®Substrate (lyophilized)Promega Corporation ·2800 Woods Hollow Road ·Madison, WI 53711-5399 USA Toll F ree in USA 800-356-9526·Phone 608-274-4330 ·F ax 608-277-2516 ·R e l a t i v e L u m i n e s c e n c e (%)Time (minutes)CHO-K101020304050607080901003173M A 12_0AProduct Size Cat.# CellTiter-Glo®Luminescent Cell Viability Assay100ml G7572 Substrate is sufficient for 1,000 assays at 100µl/assay in 96-well plates or 4,000assays at 25µl/assay in 384-well plates. Includes:•1 × 100ml CellTiter-Glo®Buffer• 1 vial CellTiter-Glo®Substrate (lyophilized)Product Size Cat.# CellTiter-Glo®Luminescent Cell Viability Assay10 × 100ml G7573Each vial of substrate is sufficient for 1,000 assays at 100µl/assay in 96-well plates or4,000 assays at 25µl/assay in 384-well plates (10,000to 40,000 total assays). Includes:•10 × 100ml CellTiter-Glo®Buffer•10 vials CellTiter-Glo®Substrate (lyophilized)Storage Conditions:For long-term storage, store the lyophilized CellTiter-Glo®Substrate and CellTiter-Glo®Buffer at –20°C. For frequent use, the CellTiter-Glo®Buffer can be stored at 4°C or room temperature for 48hours without loss of activity. See product label for expiration date information. ReconstitutedCellTiter-Glo®Reagent (Buffer plus Substrate) can be stored at room temperaturefor up to 8hours with <10% loss of activity, at 4°C for 48hours with ~5% lossof activity, at 4°C for 4days with ~20% loss of activity or at –20°C for 21weekswith ~3% loss of activity. The reagent is stable for up to ten freeze-thaw cycles,with less than 10% loss of activity.3.Performing the CellTiter-Glo®AssayMaterials to Be Supplied by the User•opaque-walled multiwell plates adequate for cell culture•multichannel pipette or automated pipetting station for reagent delivery•device (plate shaker) for mixing multiwell plates•luminometer, CCD camera or imaging device capable of reading multiwell plates •optional:ATP for use in generating a standard curve (Section 3.C)3.A.Reagent Preparation1.Thaw the CellTiter-Glo®Buffer, and equilibrate to room temperature priorto use. For convenience the CellTiter-Glo®Buffer may be thawed andstored at room temperature for up to 48hours prior to use.2.Equilibrate the lyophilized CellTiter-Glo®Substrate to room temperatureprior to use.Promega Corporation·2800 Woods Hollow Road ·Madison, WI 53711-5399 USA Toll F ree in USA 800-356-9526·Phone 608-274-4330 ·F ax 608-277-2516 ·3.A.Reagent Preparation (continued)3.Transfer the appropriate volume (10ml for Cat.# G7570 and G7571, or 100mlfor Cat.# G7572 and G7573) of CellTiter-Glo ®Buffer into the amber bottlecontaining CellTiter-Glo ®Substrate to reconstitute the lyophilizedenzyme/substrate mixture. This forms the CellTiter-Glo ®Reagent.4.Mix by gently vortexing, swirling or inverting the contents to obtain ahomogeneous solution. The CellTiter-Glo ®Substrate should go intosolution easily in less than 1minute.3.B.Protocol for the Cell Viability AssayWe recommend that you perform a titration of your particular cells todetermine the optimal number and ensure that you are working within thelinear range of the CellTiter-Glo ®Assay. Figure 2 provides an example of sucha titration of HEK293 cells using 0 to 50,000 cells per well in a 96-well format.1.Prepare opaque-walled multiwell plates with mammalian cells in culturemedium, 100µl per well for 96-well plates or 25µl per well for 384-wellplates.Multiwell plates must be compatible with the luminometer used.2.Prepare control wells containing medium without cells to obtain a value forbackground luminescence.3.Add the test compound to experimental wells, and incubate according toculture protocol.4.Equilibrate the plate and its contents at room temperature forapproximately 30 minutes.5.Add a volume of CellTiter-Glo ®Reagent equal to the volume of cell culturemedium present in each well (e.g., add 100µl of reagent to 100µl of mediumcontaining cells for a 96-well plate, or add 25µl of reagent to 25µl ofmedium containing cells for a 384-well plate).6.Mix contents for 2 minutes on an orbital shaker to induce cell lysis.7.Allow the plate to incubate at room temperature for 10 minutes to stabilizeluminescent signal.Note:Uneven luminescent signal within standard plates can be caused bytemperature gradients, uneven seeding of cells or edge effects in multiwellplates.8.Record luminescence.Note:Instrument settings depend on the manufacturer. An integration timeof 0.25–1 second per well should serve as a guideline.Promega Corporation ·2800 Woods Hollow Road ·Madison, WI 53711-5399 USA Toll F ree in USA 800-356-9526·Phone 608-274-4330 ·F ax 608-277-2516 ·3.C.Protocol for Generating an ATP Standard Curve (optional)It is a good practice to generate a standard curve using the same plate onwhich samples are assayed. We recommend ATP disodium salt (Cat.# P1132,Sigma Cat.# A7699 or GE Healthcare Cat.# 27-1006). The ATP standard curveshould be generated immediately prior to adding the CellTiter-Glo®Reagentbecause endogenous ATPase enzymes found in sera may reduce ATP levels.1.Prepare 1µM ATP in culture medium (100µl of 1µM ATP solution contains10–10moles ATP).2.Prepare serial tenfold dilutions of ATP in culture medium (1µM to 10nM;100µl contains 10–10to 10–12moles of ATP).3.Prepare a multiwell plate with varying concentrations of ATP standard in100µl medium (25µl for a 384-well plate).4.Add a volume of CellTiter-Glo®Reagent equal to the volume of ATPstandard present in each well.5.Mix contents for 2 minutes on an orbital shaker.6.Allow the plate to incubate at room temperature for 10 minutes to stabilizethe luminescent signal.7.Record luminescence.4.Appendix4.A.Overview of the CellTiter-Glo®AssayThe assay system uses the properties of a proprietary thermostable luciferase toenable reaction conditions that generate a stable “glow-type” luminescentsignal while simultaneously inhibiting endogenous enzymes released duringcell lysis (e.g., ATPases). Release of ATPases will interfere with accurate ATPmeasurement. Historically, firefly luciferase purified from Photinus pyralis(LucPpy) has been used in reagents for ATP assays (1,4–7). However, it hasonly moderate stability in vitro and is sensitive to its chemical environment,including factors such as pH and detergents, limiting its usefulness fordeveloping a robust homogeneous ATP assay. Promega has successfullydeveloped a stable form of luciferase based on the gene from another firefly,Photuris pennsylvanica(LucPpe2), using an approach to select characteristics thatimprove performance in ATP assays. The unique characteristics of this mutant(LucPpe2m) enabled design of a homogeneous single-reagent-addition approachto perform ATP assays with cultured cells. Properties of the CellTiter-Glo®Reagent overcome the problems caused by factors, such as ATPases, thatinterfere with ATP measurement in cell extracts. The reagent is physicallyrobust and provides a sensitive and stable luminescent output.Promega Corporation·2800 Woods Hollow Road ·Madison, WI 53711-5399 USA Toll F ree in USA 800-356-9526·Phone 608-274-4330 ·F ax 608-277-2516 ·4.A.Overview of the CellTiter-Glo®Assay (continued)Sensitivity and Linearity:The ATP-based detection of cells is more sensitivethan other methods (8–10). In experiments performed by Promega scientists,the luminescent signal from 50HEK293 cells is greater than three standarddeviations above the background signal from serum-supplemented mediumwithout cells. There is a linear relationship (r2= 0.99) between the luminescentsignal and the number of cells from 0 to 50,000 cells per well in the 96-wellformat. The luminescence values in Figure 2 were recorded after 10minutes ofincubation at room temperature to stabilize the luminescent signal as describedin Section3.B. Incubation of the same 96-well plate used in the experimentshown in Figure 2 for 360minutes at room temperature had little effect on therelationship between luminescent signal and number of cells (r2= 0.99).Speed:The homogeneous procedure to measure ATP using the CellTiter-Glo®Assay is quicker than other ATP assay methods that require multiple steps toextract ATP and measure luminescence. The CellTiter-Glo®Assay also is fasterthan other commonly used methods to measure the number of viable cells(such as MTT, alamarBlue®or Calcein-AM) that require prolonged incubationsteps to enable the cells’ metabolic machinery to convert indicator moleculesinto a detectable signal.4.B.Additional ConsiderationsTemperature:The intensity and decay rate of the luminescent signal from theCellTiter-Glo®Assay depends on the luciferase reaction rate. Environmentalfactors that affect the luciferase reaction rate will change the intensity andstability of the luminescent signal. Temperature is one factor that affects therate of this enzymatic assay and thus the light output. For consistent results,equilibrate assay plates to a constant temperature before performing the assay.Transferring eukaryotic cells from 37°C to room temperature has little effect onATP content (5). We have demonstrated that removing cultured cells from a37°C incubator and allowing them to equilibrate to 22°C for 1–2 hours hadlittle effect on ATP content. For batch-mode processing of multiple assayplates, take precautions to ensure complete temperature equilibration. Platesremoved from a 37°C incubator and placed in tall stacks at room temperaturewill require longer equilibration than plates arranged in a single layer.Insufficient equilibration may result in a temperature gradient effect betweenwells in the center and at the edge of the plates. The temperature gradientpattern also may depend on the position of the plate in the stack.Promega Corporation·2800 Woods Hollow Road ·Madison, WI 53711-5399 USA Toll F ree in USA 800-356-9526·Phone 608-274-4330 ·F ax 608-277-2516 ·Chemicals:The chemical environment of the luciferase reaction affects theenzymatic rate and thus luminescence intensity. Differences in luminescenceintensity have been observed using different types of culture media and sera.The presence of phenol red in culture medium should have little impact onluminescence output. Assaying 0.1µM ATP in RPMI medium without phenolred resulted in ~5% increase in luminescence output (in relative light units[RLU]) compared to assays in RPMI containing the standard concentration ofphenol red, whereas assays in RPMI medium containing twice the normalconcentration of phenol red showed a ~2% decrease in luminescence.Solvents for the various test compounds may interfere with the luciferasereaction and thus the light output from the assay. Interference with theluciferase reaction can be detected by assaying a parallel set of control wellscontaining medium without cells. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), commonly usedas a vehicle to solubilize organic chemicals, has been tested at finalconcentrations of up to 2% in the assay and only minimally affects light output.Plate Recommendations:We recommend using standard opaque-walledmultiwell plates suitable for luminescence measurements. Opaque-walledplates with clear bottoms to allow microscopic visualization of cells also maybe used; however, these plates will have diminished signal intensity andgreater cross talk between wells. Opaque white tape may be used to decreaseluminescence loss and cross talk.Cellular ATP Content:Different cell types have different amounts of ATP,and values reported for the ATP level in cells vary considerably (1,4,11–13).Factors that affect the ATP content of cells may affect the relationship betweencell number and luminescence. Anchorage-dependent cells that undergocontact inhibition at high densities may show a change in ATP content per cellat high densities, resulting in a nonlinear relationship between cell numberand luminescence. Factors that affect the cytoplasmic volume or physiology ofcells also will affect ATP content. For example, oxygen depletion is one factorknown to cause a rapid decrease in ATP (1).Promega Corporation·2800 Woods Hollow Road ·Madison, WI 53711-5399 USA Toll F ree in USA 800-356-9526·Phone 608-274-4330 ·F ax 608-277-2516 ·4.B.Additional Considerations (continued)Mixing:Optimal assay performance is achieved when the CellTiter-Glo®Reagent is mixed completely with the cultured cells. Suspension cell lines (e.g., Jurkat cells) generally require less mixing to achieve lysis and extract ATP than adherent cells (e.g., L929 cells). Tests were done to evaluate the effect ofshaking the plate after adding the CellTiter-Glo® Reagent. Suspension cellscultured in multiwell plates showed only minor differences in light outputwhether or not the plates were shaken after adding the CellTiter-Glo®Reagent.Adherent cells are more difficult to lyse and show a substantial differencebetween shaken and nonshaken plates.Several additional parameters related to reagent mixing include the force ofdelivery of CellTiter-Glo®Reagent, sample volume and dimensions of the well.All of these factors may affect assay performance. The degree of reagent mixing required may be affected by the method used to add the CellTiter-Glo®Reagent to the assay plates. Automated pipetting devices using a greater or lesser force of fluid delivery may affect the degree of subsequent mixing required.Complete reagent mixing in 96-well plates should be achieved using orbitalplate shaking devices built into many luminometers and the recommended2-minute shaking time. Special electromagnetic shaking devices that use aradius smaller than the well diameter may be required to efficiently mixcontents of 384-well plates. The depth of medium and geometry of themultiwell plates may have an effect on mixing efficiency. We recommend that you take these factors into consideration when performing the assay andempirically determine whether a mixing step is necessary for the individualapplication.LuminometersFor highly sensitive luminometric assays, the luminometer model and settings greatly affect the quality of data obtained. Luminometers from differentmanufacturers will vary in sensitivities and dynamic ranges. We recommend the GloMax®products because these instruments do not require gainadjustments to achieve optimal sensitivity and dynamic range. Additionally, GloMax®instruments are preloaded with Promega protocols for ease of use.If you are not using a GloMax®luminometer, consult the operating manual for your luminometer to determine the optimal settings. The limits should beverified on each instrument before analysis of experimental samples. The assay should be linear in some portion of the detection range of the instrument used.For an individual luminometer there may be different gain settings. Werecommend that you optimize the gain settings.4.C.References1.Crouch, S.P. et al.(1993) The use of ATP bioluminescence as a measure of cellproliferation and cytotoxicity. J. Immunol. Methods160, 81–8.2.Farfan, A.et al.(2004) Multiplexing homogeneous cell-based assays. Cell Notes10, 2–5.3.Riss, T., Moravec, R. and Niles, A. (2005) Selecting cell-based assays for drugdiscovery screening. Cell Notes13, 16–21.4.Kangas, L., Grönroos, M. and Nieminen, A.L. (1984) Bioluminescence of cellular ATP:A new method for evaluating cytotoxic agents in vitro. Med. Biol.62, 338–43.5.Lundin, A. et al.(1986) Estimation of biomass in growing cell lines by adenosinetriphosphate assay.Methods Enzymol. 133, 27–42.6.Sevin, B.U. et al.(1988) Application of an ATP-bioluminescence assay in human tumorchemosensitivity testing. Gynecol. Oncol.31, 191–204.7.Gerhardt, R.T.et al.(1991) Characterization of in vitro chemosensitivity ofperioperative human ovarian malignancies by adenosine triphosphatechemosensitivity assay. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 165, 245–55.8.Petty, R.D. et al.(1995) Comparison of MTT and ATP-based assays for themeasurement of viable cell number. J. Biolumin. Chemilumin.10, 29–34.9.Cree, I.A. et al.(1995) Methotrexate chemosensitivity by ATP luminescence in humanleukemia cell lines and in breast cancer primary cultures: Comparison of the TCA-100assay with a clonogenic assay. AntiCancer Drugs6, 398–404.10.Maehara, Y. et al.(1987) The ATP assay is more sensitive than the succinatedehydrogenase inhibition test for predicting cell viability. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol.23, 273–6.11.Stanley, P.E. (1986) Extraction of adenosine triphosphate from microbial and somaticcells. Methods Enzymol.133, 14–22.12.Beckers, B. et al.(1986) Application of intracellular ATP determination in lymphocytesfor HLA-typing. J. Biolumin. Chemilumin.1, 47–51.13.Andreotti, P.E. et al.(1995) Chemosensitivity testing of human tumors using amicroplate adenosine triphosphate luminescence assay: Clinical correlation forcisplatin resistance of ovarian carcinoma. 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ApoTox-Glo, ApoLive-Glo, CellTiter-Fluor, CytoTox-Fluor, CytoTox-Glo, CytoTox-ONE, DeadEnd, GSH-Glo, GSH/GSSG-Glo, Instinct, Mitochondrial ToxGlo and Ultra-Glo are trademarks of Promega Corporation. alamarBlue is a registered trademark of Trek Diagnostic Ssystems, Inc.Products may be covered by pending or issued patents or may have certain limitations. Please visit our Web site for more information.All prices and specifications are subject to change without prior notice.Product claims are subject to change. Please contact Promega Technical Services or access the Promega online catalog for the most up-to-date information on Promega products.。
二甲双胍片联合德谷门冬胰岛素治疗难治性2型糖尿病的疗效研究
DOI：10.16658/ki.1672-4062.2023.22.092二甲双胍片联合德谷门冬胰岛素治疗难治性2型糖尿病的疗效研究李萌曦，赵忠涛，董焱连云港市赣榆区人民医院内分泌科，江苏连云港222100[摘要]目的探讨二甲双胍片联合德谷门冬胰岛素在难治性2型糖尿病中的诊疗意义。
方法选取2022年6月—2023年6月连云港市赣榆区人民医院接诊的82例难治性2型糖尿病患者为研究对象，采取随机数表法分为两组。
对照组（n=40）采用盐酸二甲双胍片+甘精胰岛素治疗，观察组（n=42）采用盐酸二甲双胍片+德谷门冬双胰岛素治疗。
比较两组患者血糖水平以及血糖波动等相关指标在治疗前后差异和并发症情况。
结果治疗前，两组患者血糖水平比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗后，两组患者血糖均下降，且观察组血糖显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗前，两组患者血糖波动相关指标包括血糖均值、血糖水平标准差、最大血糖波动幅度、餐后血糖波动幅度比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗后，两组患者血糖波动相关指标均改善，且观察组改善程度显著优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组并发症发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
结论二甲双胍联合德谷门冬双胰岛素治疗效果更好，可明显改善难治性2型糖尿病患者血糖水平。
[关键词] 2型糖尿病；难治性；二甲双胍；德谷门冬双胰岛素[中图分类号] R587 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-4062（2023）11（b）-0092-04Efficacy of Metformin Tablets Combined with Insulin Degludec and Insu⁃lin Aspart in the Treatment of Refractory Type 2 Diabetes MellitusLI Mengxi, ZHAO Zhongtao, DONG YanDepartment of Endocrinology, Ganyu District People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222100 China[Abstract] Objective To explore the significance of metformin tablets combined with insulin degludec and insulin as⁃part in the treatment of refractory type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 82 patients with refractory type 2 diabe⁃tes mellitus treated in Ganyu District People's Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 selected as the study objects and divided into two groups by random number table method. The control group (n=40) was treated with metformin hydro⁃chloride tablets + insulin glargine, and the observation group (n=42) was treated with metformin hydrochloride tablets+ Degu asparton double insulin. The differences and complications of blood glucose level, blood glucose fluctuation and other related indicators before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results Before treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in blood glucose levels between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). After treatment, blood glucose decreased in both groups, and the degree of blood glucose decrease in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Be⁃fore treatment, there were no statistically statistical significance differences in the indexes related to blood glucose fluctuation between the two groups, including mean blood glucose, standard deviation of blood glucose level, largest amplitude of glycemic excursion, and postprandial blood glucose fluctuation (P>0.05). After treatment, the relevant in⁃dexes of blood glucose fluctuation were improved in both groups, and the improvement degree of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The com⁃plication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically signifi⁃cant (P<0.05). Conclusion Metformin combined with insulin degludec and insulin aspart is better, can significantly [作者简介]李萌曦（1989-），女，本科，主治医师，研究方向为内分泌科。
依达拉奉右莰醇治疗缺血性脑卒中的研究进展
- 179 -①滨州医学院附属医院神经内科 山东 滨州 256600通信作者：鹿树军依达拉奉右莰醇治疗缺血性脑卒中的研究进展席娅琳① 汪临华① 鹿树军① 【摘要】 缺血性脑卒中是脑血管疾病中的常见病，严重可导致高级认知及运动障碍，甚至死亡。
缺血性脑卒中的治疗方法主要包括早期溶栓和保护神经细胞等治疗，然而目前神经保护剂的临床疗效有待考证，大多数神经保护剂仍未得出有益的证据。
新型双靶点复合型神经保护剂依达拉奉右莰醇（ED）可抑制诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的表达，降低自由基过氧化亚硝基阴离子（ONOO -）水平，从而改善缺血性脑卒中所致的神经损伤症状、功能障碍及活动障碍，本文将对ED 的作用机制及其应用发展做一综述，并对ED 的临床应用进行展望，为后续的用药提供指导。
【关键词】 缺血性脑卒中 自由基清除剂 神经保护剂 依达拉奉右莰醇 Research Progress of Edaravone Dexborneol in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke/XI Yalin, WANG Linhua, LU Shujun. //Medical Innovation of China, 2024, 21(10): 179-183 [Abstract] Ischemic stroke is a common type of cerebrovascular disease that can lead to advanced cognitive and motor deficits and even death. The treatment of ischemic stroke mainly includes early thrombolysis and neuroprotection. However, the clinical efficacy of neuroprotective agents remains to be verified, and most neuroprotective agents have not yet received useful evidence. Edaravone Dexborneol (ED), a new dual-target neuroprotective agent, can inhibit the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), reduce the level of peroxynitrite anion (ONOO -), and improve the symptoms of nerve injury, dysfunction, and activity disorder caused by ischemic stroke. This article will review the mechanism of ED and its application development, and prospect the clinical application of ED, so as to provide guidance for subsequent medication. [Key words] Ischemic stroke Free radical scavenger Neuroprotective agent Edaravone Dextrogenol First-author's address: Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, China doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2024.10.041 脑卒中已成为我国居民寿命的“第一杀手”，其中，急性缺血性脑卒中（acute ischemic stroke，AIS）约占我国脑卒中的70%，为最常见的卒中类型[1-2]。
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作为快速解离多巴胺2受体拮抗剂的哌嗪-1-基-三氟甲基取代的吡啶[发明专利]
![作为快速解离多巴胺2受体拮抗剂的哌嗪-1-基-三氟甲基取代的吡啶[发明专利]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/74b490918e9951e79a8927ab.png)
专利名称：作为快速解离多巴胺2受体拮抗剂的哌嗪-1-基-三氟甲基取代的吡啶
专利类型：发明专利
发明人：J·M·巴托洛梅尼布雷达,G·J·麦克唐纳德,M·L·M·范古尔
申请号：CN200980139599.4
申请日：20090729
公开号：CN102171189A
公开日：
20110831
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明涉及为快速解离多巴胺2受体拮抗剂的哌嗪-1-基-三氟甲基取代的吡啶、用于制备这些化合物的方法、包含这些化合物作为活性组分的药用组合物。
所述化合物发现具有作为通过发挥抗精神病作用用于治疗或预防中枢神经系统病症如精神分裂症而没有运动神经副作用的药物的用途。
申请人：詹森药业有限公司
地址：比利时比尔斯
国籍：BE
代理机构：中国专利代理(香港)有限公司
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气相色谱法同时测定卡莫司汀原料中3种有机溶剂残留量
均回收率均在 ９８．０％以上（ｎ＝９）。结论 该方法采用直接进样方式提高了甲酸和 制药品质量。
关键词：气相色谱法；卡莫司汀；残留溶剂；质量控制
中图分类号：Ｒ９２７．２；Ｒ９７９．１
文献标识码：Ａ
文章编号：１００６－４９３１牗２０１９牘０３－００２９－０３
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