00096外刊经贸知识选读200907

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外刊经贸知识选读7

lesson seven Japan says no一、术语：free trade 自由贸易 trade sanctions 贸易制裁fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划 managed trade 管理贸易trade balance 贸易差额 multilateral rules 多边规则economic cycle 经济周期 budget deficit 预算赤字trade reprisals 贸易报复二、词语释义：draw the line: set limits; refuse to go as far as or beyond （划定界限；不肯做到或超越某种程度）die down: disappear gradually foreshadow: is a sign of; represents; indicatescapitulate to: yield to thrust: principal concern or objectivegeared to: adjusted to take sb to task for: reprimand sb for; criticize sb foris at pains to: makes a great effort to; works hard to of its own accord: voluntarily; spontaneou slyexport-driven: export-led; export-oriented in due course: at the right timecave in to: give in to三、句子翻译：its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import ta rgets—an approach to trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented”. this ugly term fores hadows uncertain consequences. far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade po licy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-pacific confrontation. in addition to the c ustomary dry analysis, this year’s edition will put Japan’s side of an argument that has, until n ow, been dominated by American and European critiques. it follows another miti report, publi shed this week, that takes America, the European community and other large trading partners to task for their “unfair trading practices”.。

全国2019年4月自考00096外刊经贸知识选读试题

绝密★考试结束前全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码:00096 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂㊁写在答题纸上㊂选择题部分注意事项: 1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂ 2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑㊂如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号㊂不能答在试题卷上㊂一㊁单项选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分㊂在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组,请将其选出并将答题卡(纸)的相应代码涂黑㊂错涂㊁多涂或未涂均无分㊂1.Their tax rates jumped from21%to36%.A.decreasedB.reachedC.increasedD.hit2.Supply and demand on the currency market will generally balance.A.fallB.increaseC.growD.equal3.A major objective of the government is to increase the proportion of industrial exports.A.decisionB.measureC.goalD.policy4.Imports of capital and consumers goods are exempted from customs duties,and a uniform15% income-tax rate is applied.A.variedB.unchangingC.respectivebined5.In the United States,women were first granted the right to vote on August18,1920.A.givenB.takenC.rewardedD.trusted6.After World War II the United States emerged as the dominant industrial power in the world.A.firstB.threateningC.giantD.leading7.Aggregate demand is the overall value of planned expenditures in an economy.A.TotalB.AverageC.MarginalD.Fixed8.The Gulf crisis had severely adverse effects on the economies of Middle Eastern countries.A.favorableB.harmfulC.helpfulD.relative9.In addition,economic growth is skidding to an anticipated1%next year.A.jumpingB.amountingC.slidingD.climbing10.Japan’s government was opposed to America’s trade policy for some products.A.agreedB.consentedC.hesitatedD.objected11.Sooner or later their manufacturing sector would lose their competitive edge.A.sideB.advantageC.forceD.end12.Such projects are not favored by foreign consultants as the profit margins are thin.rgeB.bigC.smallD.abundant13.The Uruguay Round would raise global welfare by more than＄100billion a year,and spur world economic growth.A.stimulateB.supportC.increaseD.dampenmodity prices have continued to tumble from the peak they reached in the second quarter.A.raiseB.runC.leapD.fall15.In a hot contest General Electric Trading Co.won a contract of＄150million project in former Romanian because it agreed to conclude the transaction on a counter-trade basis.A.debateB.argumentpetitionD.cooperation二㊁判断题:本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分㊂判断下列各题,在答题卡(纸)相应位置正确的涂 A”,错误的涂 B”㊂Passage1The World EconomyCanada’s new Liberal government has to start rebuilding the economy,”Dornbusch writes. Public finance is rotten;industry is dull.But there is an understanding of what has to happen.”Inflation is lower in Canada than in the US,allowing the Bank of Canada to lower interest rates over the next year without much risk of a rout for the Canadian dollar on foreign exchange markets. The Japanese economy remains in trouble,with output falling two quarters in a row for the first time in decades.An appreciation of more than15per cent in real terms in the yen over the past two years has hurt Japanese competitiveness,Dornbusch notes.The fiscal package to stimulate the econ⁃omy,to be implemented next April, will help some but not much”.At best,Dornbusch predicts,the Japanese economy will grow a real1per cent next year.Ja⁃pan is in a situation which business is singularly ill-equipped to handle.The entire belief system of decades superiority of the Japanese culture and business system,sustained growth,social cohe⁃sion,lifetime employment,accommodating finance,the US can be managed are all up for grabs. Bad news!Outside Japan,Asia booms.China tried to slow down its economy,but apparently abandoned that effort at a Communist Party meeting last month.Growth in national output is expected to run at an astonishing13per cent this year. South Korea has its woes,and so do a few other economies,Dornbusch notes.But there are no major obstacles to continued growth in Asia:savings rates are high,access to external capital is plentiful,and the world trading system is staying cannot fail to do well.”16.The present economic situation in Canada presents nothing to be optimistic about.17.The high value of the Yen has contributed to the incompetitiveness of Japanese manufacturers.18.The Japanese people have lost their total confidence in the belief system built up over many years.n countries,having solved all their problems,are going to fare through1993.20.China’s national output growth running at13%is considered very high and implausible.Passage2Made-in-China Goods in the USIt’s been ten years since China joined the World Trade Organization.Since then,the country’s exports,particularly to the United States,have skyrocketed.Most Americans regularly buy products made or assembled in China.Steve Mores reports from the US city of Denver on how residents of that city feel about the made-in-China label.They know it or not,the Americans are massive consumers of Chinese-made products.The US -China Business Council says the United States imported365billion dollars worth of products from China last year,more than tripled the amount ten years ago.China says the US is its top export mar⁃ket.And many shoppers here in Denver say they buy made-in-China goods almost every day. While electrical equipment tops the list of imports from China,Americans flock to discount re⁃tailers like this to buy Chinese-made clothes,toys,footwear,and International Trade Commission number showed the United States imported29billion dollars worth of apparel from China in2010,and16billion dollars worth of footwear and accessories.But I think made-in-China I think it’s probably going to be an affordable product.”But a series of safety concerns in recent years surrounding a number of products from China, including children’s toys,has prompted some US consumers to look for alternatives close at home. If I could,I would buy everything made-in-America,and know that it was a high-quality product;I can trust it;I wasn’t putting my family in any kind of danger.”But not all the US consumers are worried about the safety of products carrying the made-in-China label.Are those products made well?Yes,they are.The American corporations have the same standards when they have their products made in China as they do when they had their products made in the United States.”China has also become a major export of food to the United States.The US government says food imports from China more than tripled in value over the last decades.With so many goods for sale in the United States carrying the made-in-China label,most people we spoke to say they don’t need to think twice about it.However,the vast majority say that they welcome the importation of Chinese goods as a way of keeping prices lower at American stores.。

全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题

全国自考外刊经贸知识选读考前密卷00096(含答案)一、单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分〕在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

错选、多项选择或未选均无分。

第1题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第2题 .【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第3题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第5题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第6题 .【正确答案】 A 此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第8题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第9题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第11题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第12题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第14题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第15题 .【正确答案】 D二、将以下英语单词或词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题 trade sanctions第2题 intellectual property right【正确答案】知识产权第3题 conglomerate【正确答案】跨行业公司第4题 exclusive contract【正确答案】独家经销合约第5题 trade reprisal【正确答案】贸易报复第6题 sovereignty dispute【正确答案】主权争端第7题 allocation of resources【正确答案】资源配置第8题 auction【正确答案】拍卖第9题 tough policy【正确答案】强硬的政策第10题 surplus labour【正确答案】剩余劳动力三、将以下汉语词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题现货市场【正确答案】 spot market第2题反垄断【正确答案】 anti—trust第3题合资企业【正确答案】 joint venture第4题试销【正确答案】 test marketing第5题反补贴税【正确答案】 countervailing duty第6题国民生产总值【正确答案】 Gross National Product(GNP)第7题高增长率【正确答案】 high rates of growth第8题通货紧缩【正确答案】 deflation第9题中央银行【正确答案】 central bank第10题试销市场【正确答案】 test market四、简答题〔本大题共2小题，每题9分，共18分〕The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer b rown eggs over white. In fact, 90 per cent or more of the fresh eggs c onsumed are brown. The major outlets for white eggs are hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food shops.Chinese consumers prefer the deeper color of brown egg yolks—often consideredessential to the color of many Chinese dishes. Chinesestyle restaurants also f ind that brown eggs are more popular with customers.Chinese eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage , depending on the consumer.To the Chinese consumer, the odor is indicative of a “good egg〞 and isan important reason, in addition to a price advantage, for the popularity of Chinese eggs. The odor, however, is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food outlets.第1题How many per cent do the Chinese constitute of Hong Kong’s popula tion【正确答案】 Chinese constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population.第2题 What kinds of eggs are more popular with customers【正确答案】 Fresh eggs with brown color.第3题What is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hote ls【正确答案】The odor is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels.Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk appears tactical, intended topressure trading partners into offering concessions and to unblock stalled negot iations on several fronts. But it appears that officials are prepared to tur n up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences. In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same welltrod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement thatwould provide only small gains for US companies. The same political pressur es from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now beari ng down on the Clinton team.第1题Why does the Clinton administration put pressure on its trading part ners【正确答案】The Clinton administration has made up its mind to force its trading part ners to offer concessions so that it can resume negotiations with them on several fronts.第2题What are the consequences that the American officials are prepared t o see【正确答案】They are prepared to see US trade relations with its trading partners goi ng from bad to worse.第3题Please paraphrase “Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the s ame welltrod path as the Bush administration.〞【正确答案】Mr. Clinton and his advisers are adopting the same tough trade policies as the Bush administration.五、正误推断题〔本大题共10个题，每题2分，共20分〕如果正确，请写“T〞；如果错误，请写“F〞。

2023年10月自考00096外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案含评分标准

㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀绝密考试结束前2023年10月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码:00096㊀㊀1.请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂㊁写在答题纸上㊂㊀㊀2.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂选择题部分注意事项:㊀㊀每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑㊂如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号㊂不能答在试题卷上㊂一㊁单项选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分㊂在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组,请将其选出并将答题卡(纸)的相应代码涂黑㊂错涂㊁多涂或未涂均无分㊂1.The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early1960s caused trade to shift away from the USSR and its Comecon partners towards Japan and Western Europe.A.move awayB.keep awayC.stay awayD.hold away2.The following years,a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated.A.bannedB.canceledC.proclaimedD.ceased3.Its boom radiates from Guangdong,its richest province,but it has spread as far west as Xinjiang.A.crisisB.fast growthC.depressionD.fast decrease4.An increase in China s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.A.forfeitB.loseC.missD.maintain5.The strongest signal came last week,when Mickey Kantor moved quickly to cite the12-nation European Community for intolerable discrimination against panies seeking government contracts with the Community.A.fair treatmentB.different treatmentC.friendly treatmentD.certain treatment6.The European Community s languishing Maastricht Treaty for deeper political and economic integration is the obvious example cited.A.consolidationB.separationC.destructionD.break7.Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import targets.A.refusingB.buildingC.rejectingD.canceling浙00096#外刊经贸知识选读试题第1页(共5页)8.Sooner or later they will begin to lose their edge,much as the U.S.did against Japan.A.inferiorityB.shortcomingC.advantageD.weakness9.In the two years since Iraq was ousted from Kuwait,peace and prosperity have returned to the Gulf region.A.economic policyB.economic stagnationC.economic conflictD.economic growth10.The cause of free trade will have many more battles to fight.paniesB.trainingsC.matchesD.banquets11.To secure sales of its F-5jet fighter to the Swiss government,the Northrop Cor.agreed to help the Swiss expand export markets for＄200million worth of goods.A.unsureB.ensureC.waverD.hesitate12.The big guys will press bottlers to drop competing brands to make way for their new products.A.give wayB.make blockC.give strikeD.make at13.Fresh hen eggs,however,are the most popular item.A.unmarketableB.saleableC.inactiveD.disgusting14.Prices are in many cases at historical lows in real terms as markets struggle to cope with floods of surplus produce.A.lessB.fewerC.excessiveD.short15.Unstable crude prices in turn prompted falls in platinum and gold.A.steadyB.firmC.fixedD.variable二㊁判断题:本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分㊂判断下列各题,在答题卡(纸)相应位置正确的涂 A ,错误的涂 B ㊂Passage1U.S.Is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen㊀㊀Some of the Clinton administration s tough talk appears tactical,intended to pressure trading partners into offering concession and to unblock stalled negotiations on several fronts.But it appears that officials are prepared to turn up the temperature on trade and live with the consequences. In some ways,Mr.Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration,which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S. companies.The same political pressures from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are 浙00096#外刊经贸知识选读试题第2页(共5页)now bearing down on the Clinton team.A broad review of trade policy issues is just beginning within the administration,but officials said the underpinnings of Mr.Kantor s decision were plainly found in Mr.Clinton s trade speeches during the campaign,particularly the demand for open markets abroad.The reactions to these first signals from the Clinton team has been sharply divergent.16.The purpose of Clinton administration s tough talk is to make concession to the trade partners.17.The officials will accept the consequences of tough trade negotiation.18.The trade policy by Clinton team is completely different with to that of Bush s.19.The Community threatened to make trade sanctions to the United States.20.Clinton team faced political pressures from trade hawks in Congress.Passage2Economic Troubles Cloud New Market s FutureBut perhaps the major reason is the dark economic clouds now hanging over Europe.One of the central justifications for the single market was its ability to create greater prosperity,but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years.We are going to wind up1992with just about the same level of unemployed nearly10per cent community wide that we had before this project, says an aide to Mr.Delors.In addition, economic growth is skidding to an anticipated1per cent next year,all of which adds up to consumer and business confidence sinking to the same lows recorded during the pre-single market days of Europessimism.Both EC and independent analysts say that business anticipated the economic benefits of the single market,so that much of the burst of economic activity in preparation for the new market has already occurred.Business investment,which had been flat for the five years preceding the decision in1985to create the single market,soared to a7per cent annual growth rate from1985-1990.21.The economic trouble in Europe is the major reason.22.The single market has brought prosperity to the European economy.23.The unemployment rate was10%in1992.24.The economic growth rate next year is expected to be about1%in European Community.25.Business investment increased at5%growth rate in1990s.浙00096#外刊经贸知识选读试题第3页(共5页)非选择题部分注意事项:㊀㊀用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上㊂三㊁将下列中文词组译成英文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂26.合资企业27.外汇储备28.优先权29.国内生产总值30.北美自由贸易协定31.贸易报复32.企业经理人员33.筹措资金34.破坏经济35.经销商四㊁将下列英语单词或词组译成中文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂36.national income37.pipe dream38.container plant39.rental housing40.trade sanctions41.managed trade42.brain trust43.current account44.economic growth45.money market五㊁简答题:本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分㊂Passage1China s cautious approach to foreign borrowing is to be maintained,at least for the time being. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.Foreign 浙00096#外刊经贸知识选读试题第4页(共5页)investment is advantageous insofar as it facilitates the transfer of technology and skills and avoids creating an overhang of debt.The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy,such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints,have been tackled.China s access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.46.What is the meaning of cautious ?47.What are the practical bottlenecks in the context?48.What does borrow on commercial terms imply?Passage2China is reaping the rewards of reforms first launched by Deng Xiaoping in1979.Foreign investment is now welcome.Special Economic Zones are booming.The opening of securities and real-estate markets have created new opportunities.Clearly,China s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population.Its gross domestic product last year was,according to the official measure,＄420billion no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers,and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway204 unpredictable.Few state-owned firms have been sold,and most are laggard behemoths.Growth is driven by new joint ventures,collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than50%of China s industrial production.49.What is the meaning of opportunities ?50.What is China s GDP last year?.51.Who created half of China's industrial output?六㊁翻译题:本大题12分㊂52.Output for the developing countries advanced by1.9%during1991–comparable to the weak performance they registered in1990.In terms of per capita income,real output in developing countries apparently eased somewhat,by–0.1%.A number of factors some broad-based, others more specific–contributed to the weakness of performance.Despite the slowdown in the industrial countries particularly in the U.S. improvements in economic performance in Latin America were widespread.The region s GDP rose by3.0%in1991,thus reversing the slide in annual per capita income that had taken place over the past decade.Growth rates were in excess of4%in Argentina,Chile,and Mexico and reached a high of9.1%in Venezuela. Policy reforms covering fiscal adjustment,trade and investment liberalization,the financial sector,and public-enterprise restructuring and privatization,supported by debt restructuring, have helped to moderate inflation in the region and strengthen domestic demand.浙00096#外刊经贸知识选读试题第5页(共5页)绝密启用前2023年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考(课程代码㊀00096)一㊁单项选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分㊂1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.D10.C 11.B12.A13.B14.C15.D二㊁判断题:本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分㊂Passage116.B17.A18.B19.B20.A Passage221.A22.B23.A24.A25.B三㊁将下列中文词组译成英文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂26.joint venture27.foreign exchange reserves28.preferred status29.GDP(或Gross Domestic Product)30.NAFTA(或North America Free Trade Agreements)31.trade reprisal32.executive33.financing34.wreck the economy35.distributor四㊁将下列英语单词或词组译中文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂36.国民收入37.白日梦38.集装箱工厂39.出租房屋40.贸易制裁41.管理贸易42.智囊团㊀㊀顾问班子43.经常项目44.经济增长㊀㊀经济发展45.货币市场外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考第1页(共2页)五㊁简答题:本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分㊂Passage146.being careful47.an inadequate transport network and energy constraints48. commercial carries the meaning of having profit-making as the aimPassage249.chance to do something possible50.It was＄420billion.51.new joint ventures,collectives and private businesses六㊁翻译题:本大题12分㊂52.1991年,发展中国家的产出增长了1.9%,与1990年的疲软表现相当㊂就人均收入而言,发展中国家的实际产出明显有所下降,下降了0.1%㊂许多因素有一些广泛,另一些更具体导致了业绩的疲软㊂尽管工业国家特别是美国的经济增长放缓,但拉丁美洲的经济表现普遍改善㊂1991年,该地区的GDP增长了3.0%,从而扭转了过去十年来人均年收入的下滑趋势㊂阿根廷㊁智利和墨西哥的增长率超过4%,委内瑞拉的增长率高达9.1%㊂在债务重组的支持下,涵盖财政调整㊁贸易和投资自由化㊁金融部门以及公营企业重组和私有化的政策改革,有助于缓和该地区的通货膨胀,增强内需㊂外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考第2页(共2页)。

7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析

全国2018年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed greatly since the founding of the People’s Republic. ( )A. substantiallyB. initiallyC. secondlyD. commercially2. I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. ( )A. attractedB. prolongedC. transformedD. announced3. China’s special economic zones will still be “special”after the country’s entry to the WTO.( )A. companiesB. areasC. producesD. funds4. Now the world has witnessed China’s emergence and its impact on both the US and the Asia-Pacific region. ( )A. emergencyB. existenceC. appearanceD. distance5. In 1991, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated.( ) A. reversed B. stoppedC. registeredD. consolidated6. An economic confrontation will be destroying in its own way depending on how long it is carried on. ( )A. conflictB. combinationC. consequenceD. connection7. Europe has just traversed one of its roughest economic storms in years.( )A. transmittedB. passedC. transportedD. soured8. Regional and bilateral trade agreements form an integral part of the US approach to international trade policy. ( )A. standB. issueC. wayD. thrust9. There is a trend in an attempt to compete against Microsoft’s dominance in desktop applications. ( )A. rivalB. reachC. outstripD. forge10. The UAE remains wary about Iraq’s threat to Kuwait and, therefore, to the Gulf.( ) A. massive B. parallelC. reasonableD. watchful11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment. ( )A. stimulateB. squanderC. surpriseD. sustain12. Dealers continue to secure parts sales from aftermarket (配件市场) channels.( ) A. exert B. flourishC. acquireD. subsidize13. This measure aims to support commercial promotion in order to increase enterprise competitiveness in thefield. ( )A. placeB. pushC. pressureD. pull14. It could make sense to subsidize the preschool activities of children of poor families since these children maywell receive inadequate care without such subsidies. ( )A. supportB. provideC. supplyD. furnish15. The UN Terrorism Prevention Branch describes various types of conventional terrorist weapons. ( )A. transitionalB. tropicalC. translationalD. traditional二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. compensation agreement17. test market18. currency movement19. security20. good resistance21. tough policy22. impose import23. Special Drawing Right24. GNP (gross national product)25. per capita income三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 最惠国待遇27. 贸易顺差28. 硬通货29. 银行兼并30. 易于变卖的资产31. 闭关自守的国家32. 贸易谈判33. 据粗略估计34. 中国出口商品交易会35. 外汇储备四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks.36. What does “it” in the first sentence refer to? What does the sentence “the local trucks and buses jockey withCadillacs” imply?37. What do “eventually” and “give way to” mean respectively in the passage?38. Where is the biggest container plant in Asia situated? Where are the tractor-trailors going?Passage 2Gold: lower. after coming in for early support on news of strike action affecting mines belonging to gold fields of South Africa, values declined in line with platinum and New York advices as miners were encouraged to return to work by management promises of negotiation. The fall in oil prices also brought pressure to bear but good resistance at around the 400 dollars per ounce level permitted a brief rally. However, values suffered a late decline to below 400 dollars per ounce in line with New York as the dollar strengthened on news of a decline in the U.S. budget trade and a cut in the bank of Japan’s discount rate.39. W hat were “New York advices”?40. What happened to the gold price when the dollar strengthened?41. What brought about the strength of the dollar according to the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company’s total commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance.Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company’s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant.For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results, the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company’s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.42. The purpose of this article is to discuss every market activity. ( )43. It is reasonable for companies to expect return for their expense in marketing.( ) 44. The most successful companies believe that marketing forms an additional expense.( )45. In order to make a good marketing plan, it is necessary to focus on current administrative detail. ( )46. As marketing creates standards to measure actual performance, it will produce lasting results.( )Passage 2Apart from the various subsidies governments offer to their exporters, governments also refund to their exporters the product tax, the import tariff of the components of the exported finished products. This is justifiable as they are finally to be borne by the customers in the importing nations and so the funding is not taken as a kind of subsidy. Now the average product tax refunding rate of the exported products in China is about lower than 10%.Developing nations can also adjust down the exchange rate of their currencies with foreign currencies to encourage export. This is sometimes very effective because it means to reduce prices of their goods in foreign markets. But this will also mean great loss in paying off the foreign loans and shatter the standing of their currencies in international financial markets.Nations also negotiate among themselves to ease the trade among them. They might reach various trade agreements. The present trend is regional economic integration, of which the first stage is free trade area, within which the international flow of goods is free of tariff imposition. North American Free Trade Area is such an instance. The second stage is tariff union, within which the countries not only adopt free trade policy but also united tariff system. Caribbean Community is such an example. The third stage is common market, which is more integrated in that it also allows free flow of labor and capital within this area. Finally, there is economic union, which requires its member countries to adopt uniform economic systems, such as those in finance and social welfare. They will also use the same currency.47. Product tax is a kind of government subsidy.( )48. The customers who buy the imported goods from China pay 10% less of the tariff.( ) 49. By lowering the exchange rate of its currency, the country can market its goods at a lower price in the importing country. ( )50. Adjusting down the exchange rate will sometimes make the currency less strong.( ) 51. All the forms of economic integration across the border aim at keeping trade balances.( ) 六、翻译题（本大题12分）Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was, according to the official measure, $420 billion —no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204—unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production.。

自考笔记.自考考前压题预测.0096外刊经贸知识选读串讲讲义

第一部分导言一、内容梗概《外刊经贸知识选读》这本教材以课文为核心，选文题材包括与我国经贸研究与实际工作有关的几个主要方面：中国对外贸易与吸收外资的概况以及其改革开放的大背景，国际经贸的宏观形势，世界经济和贸易大国的贸易政策和问题，亚洲新兴经济的状况和问题，日益激烈的市场竞争，从关贸总协定到世界贸易组织，初级产品市场的前景预测和市场变化的微观报导等。

这些课程内容的表达上语言上则提供了大量的、丰富的经贸研究与实际工作经常需用的词语、句式和文体及其应用的范例。

二、课程目标学习本课程，要求学生初步掌握使用英语从西方报刊或相类的材料中直接了解并获取经贸信息的基本知识和技巧。

为了实现这一最终目的，必须在学习过程中切实达到下列目标：1、熟悉并掌握课文中出现的经常用于报刊经贸文章（或相类材料）的词、片语和句型；2、能比较熟练地运用这些语言知识并结合所学的经贸业务和背景知识正确地理解教材中的课文练习用文、补充阅读材料等，并能得其要旨。

三、课程性质《外刊经贸知识选读》课程是全国高等教育自学考试国际贸易专业的必考课和英语专业的选修课，是为培养和检验自学应考者的阅读和理解西方报刊经贸文章所需的专业英语的基本知识和应用能力而设置的一门专业英语课程。

这一课程是英语阅读和理解课的一个专业分支。

其特点是：阅读材料以当代国际经贸活动为主要内容和背景；文章是用相关的英语表达的课程的设计和教材的编写着力于提示和总结这类材料的语言运用规律的启发有关经贸知识的应用。

由于课程内容的高度经贸专业化，学习本课程之前应完成经济学和其他国际贸易基础课程的学习。

四、学习方法1、首先要反复认知和记忆教材中出现的在西方经贸报刊文章（英语）中经常使用的词、片语和句型，了解其含义，掌握其用法，能够熟练地运用在阅读理解之中；2、在初步掌握了有关语言知识的基础上，在阅读中要结合所学文章的上下文和内容背景运用这些基本语言知识去正确、深入、灵活地理解。

这里所谓“灵活”，就是说一个词，片语或句型具体用在一句一段一篇里时其含义以至其用法经常有所变化，报刊文字尤其如此，而读者在理解上也要有随和应变之巧，不可一味墨守而不得其真义。

自考00096外刊经贸知识选读-真题词组整理

a hermit nation 一个闭关自守的国家allocation of resources 资源配置anarchy 无政府状态anti-dumping 反倾销anti-trust 反垄断antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法assembly manufacturing 来件组装at a rough estimate 据粗略估计auction 拍卖austerity program 紧缩计划bamboo curtain 竹幕Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行barrier-free market 无壁垒市场barter 易货贸易bilateral pacts 双边条约bonded warehouse 保税仓库brain trust 智囊团budget deficit 预算赤字bureaucratism 官僚主义Business Consultant 商务顾问business cycle 商业周期buzzword 时髦词语capital goods 资本货物capital market 资本市场carbon tax 双重税cash crops 经济作物central bank 中央银行certificate of origin 产地说明书certificate of quality 质量证书chamber of commerce 商会Chinese Export Commodities Fair 中国出口商品交易会civil service 行政部门clearing agreement 清算协议client state 附属国closing level 收盘价closing price 收盘价coastal cities 沿海城市Comecon 经济互助委员会commodity market 商品市场compensation trade 补偿贸易compensation trade agreement 补偿贸易协定competitive advantages 竞争优势concessionary finance 延期付款conglomerate 跨行业公司consortium 国际财团constant price 不变价格consumer goods 消费品convertible currency 可兑换货币cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业counterpurchase 回购countertrade 反向贸易countervailing duty 反补贴税coupons 赠券currency exchange system 汇兑制度currency movement 货币流通current account 经常项目customs duties 进口税customs formalities 报关单dairy products 乳制品debt restructuring 债务调整debt service 利息付款deflation 通货紧缩deinflationary policies 反通胀政策direct investment 直接投资discount rate 贴现率disposable income 可支配收入dollar-denominated 美元标价的domestic demand 国内需求dumping 倾销economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国economic recession 经济衰退entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity capital 产权资本equivalent value 对等价值European Common Market 欧洲共同市场European Community 欧洲共同体European integration 欧洲一体化exchange rate 外汇率exclusive contract 独家经销合同export quota system 出口配额制Ex-warehouse 仓库交货fast food shops 快餐店financial crisis 金融危机financial deregulation 撤销金融管制规定fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划(方案) fledgling industries 新兴工业foreign borrowing 对外借贷foreign exchange income 外汇收入foreign-exchange reserves 外汇储备franchise 特许经营权franchisee 特许经营人free trade 自由贸易free-trade zone 自由贸易区futures 期货generalized system of preferences 普遍优惠制glut of supplies 供应过剩good resistance 强阻力government procurement 政府采购grace period 宽限期Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 国内生产总值Gross National Product (GNP) 国民生产总值hard currency 硬通货headquarters 总部(企业等的)high rates of growth 高增长率high-tech 高技术high-wage economy 高工资经济import quotas 进口配额in prospect 期望中的infrastructure 基础设施insolvency 无偿还能力intellectual property 知识产权intellectual property right 知识产权international brand 国际品牌invisible trade 无形贸易invisible trade account 无形贸易收支invite tender 招标joint venture 合资企业licenser 转让人liquid assets 易于变卖的资产manufactured goods 制成品market diversification 市场多样化market forces 市场力量market orientation 市场导向market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额means of production 生产资料merger of banks 银行兼并most-favored nation treatment/status 最惠国待遇multilateral rules 多边规则national income 国民收入natural resource 自然资源news service 通讯社nominal dollar terms 名义美元价nouveau riche 暴发户packing list 装箱单per capita income 人均收入personal income tax 个人所得税pluralistic operations 多元经营portfolio investment 证券投资preferential tax rate 优惠税率preferred status 优先权price-cutting war 削价战primary products 初级产品productive forces 生产力profit-remittance 利润汇款protectionism 保护(贸易)主义punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税raw material 原料real estate 房地产retailer 零售商retaliatory sanctions 报复性制裁risk-weighted assets 高风险资产securities 有价证券securities and real estate market 证券及房地产市场short supply 供应短缺short-term nominal interest rate 短期名义利率sleeper 出人意料的成功者soft commodity 非耐用商品soft drink 软饮料sovereignty dispute 主权争端speculative business 投机商业spot market 现货市场state subsidy 政府津贴state-run enterprises 国营企业stock market 股票市场strategic reserves 战略性储备strategic stockpile 战略性库存super market 超级市场surplus labour 剩余劳动力take title 取得所有权tax breaks 税额优惠tax-cut-induced boom 由减税引发的繁荣technical transformation 技术革新technology transfer 技术转让test market 试销市场test marketing 试销the draft agreement 协议草案the Gulf Countries 海湾国家the pattern of supply and demand 供求模式the service sector 服务部门the Single Market 统一大市场the Special Drawing Right 特别提款权the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) 经济特区the state apparatus 国家机器the State Council 国务院the World Bank 世界银行tough policy 强硬的政策trade balance 贸易差额trade discrimination 贸易歧视trade fairs and exhibitions 贸易展销会trade friction 贸易摩擦trade in services 服务贸易trade negotiation 贸易谈判trade reprisal 贸易报复trade sanctions 贸易制裁trade surplus 贸易顺差unfair trade 不公平贸易value-added taxes 增值税vertical integration 纵向结合vicious circle 恶性循环visible trade 有形贸易visible trade account 有形贸易收支White Paper 白皮书Wholesaler 批发商wholly foreign-owned 外商独资ETDZ 经济技术开发(Economical & Technical Development Zone) OECD 经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)OPEC石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) GA TT关税及贸易总协定(General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs)。

2009年4月自考外刊经贸知识选读试卷试题

全国2009年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. While exports are reasonably robust, domestic consumption remains moribund —a sign of the country’s common anxiety about the future.A. stagnantB. movingC. dynamicD. motivated2. If that happens, the backlash from Mr. Obama’s supporters could be fearful.A. supportB. backingC. deductionD. opposition3. The concept that we can turn this around right now is patently ridiculous.A. patientlyB. rightlyC. pervasivelyD. obviously4. To move the Japanese government, Washington must move an entire nation.A. removeB. touchC. influenceD. change5. Even during buoyant economic growth, unemployment remains as high as 10%.A. slowB. vigorousC. floatingD. slackening6. The consumers welcomed the slash in meat prices.A. remarkable dropB. obvious divisionC. vigorous growthD. apparent rise7. In 1991, for the second year in a row, the economies of low income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated.A. repeatedlyB. successivelyC. respectivelyD. successfully8. A number of economics and political blogs have recently caught onto the political futures market craze,1 全国2009年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题particularly focusing on Intrade (the popular site where people can bet on, among other things, the presidential elections).A. indefinite timeB. near futureC. prospective timeD. commodities transacted at a future date (期货)9. Small manufacturers serving niche markets and wealthy customers are proving recession proof.A. mainstream marketsB. large-scale marketsC. targetable marketsD. current markets10. You can also segment your targets by size of business based on number of employees or total sales.A. divideB. seekC. shootD. narrow11. Falling sales in Thailand were offset by good returns in other markets.A. influencedB. balancedC. offendedD. bargained12. The new trade agreement has facilitated economic growth.A. made easierB. made slowerC. made more difficultD. made more complicated13. It is an area in which ABC Company reigns supreme.A. rapidestB. most famousC. highest in rank or positionD. deepest14. Speculators profited handsomely since the price fluctuated from the 1990s.A. was stableB. was flexibleC. was volatileD. was regular15. The property will be sold to pay off their creditors.A. ownersB. borrowersC. loanersD. believers二、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）16. vested interests 既得利益17. wholesaler 批发商18. a hermit nation 闭关自守国家19. buzzword 时髦新词20. insolvency 无偿还能力21. take title 取得所有权22. market regulation 市场调节2 全国2009年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题23. public tender 公开投标24. countervailing duty 反补贴税25. consortium 国际财团三、将下列汉语词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26．反通胀政策deinflationary policies27．贸易制裁trade sanctions28．产地证明书certificate of origin29. 市场动力market forces30. 转让人licenser31. 现货市场spot market32. 经常项目current account33. 收盘价closing price34．出口配额制export quota35．服务贸易service trade四、简答题（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）Passage 1For South Korea as a whole, that seems as much a prophecy as an ambition. Like Japan in the 1960s, the country is poised for an assault on the world’s export markets. Its surging $81 billion economy is churning out a flood of increasingly sophisticated products, from shoes, toys and telephones to video recorders and microprocessors. Korea’s mighty conglomerates dominate Middle East construction, and they command key shares of the wor ld’s shipbuilding, textile and steel industries. Their affiliates, joint ventures and subsidiaries girdle the globe, stretching from Australia, Indonesia and India to Norway, Spain and Gabon, Hyundai and Daewoo, with annual sales of $10 billion and $6 billion respectively, are pushing into the U.S auto market, riveting the attention of American and Japanese manufacturers. Another colossus, the $9 billion Samsung, has started marketing a “supertech” 256K computer chip-encouraging some Koreans to speak confidently of the day when they will become the world’s second largest manufacturer of basic electronic components, outstripping America and running just behind Japan.36. Please rewrite the first sentence of the passage in plainer words, having the central ideas clarified.For South Korea as a whole, that seems both a prophecy and an ambition.37. Is the clause introduced by the underlined “when” an adverbia l clause or an attributive one?A n attributive clause (定语从句)38. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “outstripping” in the last sentence?Leaving behind3 全国2009年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题Passage 2Computerized data storage and electronic mail were to have heralded the paperless office. But, contrary to expectations, paper consumption throughout the world shows no sign of abating. In fact, consumption, especially of printing and writing papers, continues to increase. World demand for paper and board is now expected to grow faster than the general economic growth in the next 15 years. Strong demand will be underpinned by the growing industrialization of South-East Asia, the reemergence of paper packaging, greater use of facsimile machines and photocopies, and the popularity of direct-mail advertising. It is possible that by 2007, world paper and board demand will reach 455 million tons, compared with 241 million tons in 1991.The pulp and paper industry has not been badly affected by the electronic technologies that promised a paperless society. But what has radically altered the industry’s structure is pressure from another front-a more environmentally conscious society driving an irreversible move towards cleaner industrial production. The environmental consequences of antiquated pulp mill practices and technologies had marked this industry as one in need of reform. Graphic descriptions of deformed fish and thinning populations, particularly in the Baltic Sea where old pulp mills had discharged untreated effluent for 100 years, have disturbed the international community.Until the 1950s, it was common for pulp mills and other industries to discharge untreated effluent into rivers and seas. The environmental effects were at the time either not understood, or regarded as an acceptable cost of economic prosperity in an increasingly import-oriented world economy. But greater environmental awareness has spurred a fundamental change in attitude in the community, in movement and in industry itself.Since the early 1980s, most of the world-scale pulp mills in the Scandinavia and North America have modernized their operations, outlaying substantial amounts to improve production methods. Changes in mill design and processes have been aimed at minimizing the environmental effects of effluent discharge while at the same time producing pulp with the whiteness and strength demanded by the international market. The environmental impetus is taking this industry even further, with the focus now on developing processes that may even eliminate waste-water discharges. But the ghost of the old mills continues face a flood of environment-related legislation. In Germany, companies are now being held responsible for the waste they create.39. What has the pulp and paper industry been greatly affected by these days?A more environmentally conscious society driving an irreversible move towards cleaner industrial production.40. In the past, what was the probable price that the environmental effects of pulp mill practices had to pay?No price41. Why have some paper mills recently modernized their mill design?To minimize the environmental effects of effluent discharge while at the same time producing pulp with the whiteness and strength demanded by the international market.五、正误判断题。

4月外刊经贸知识选读试题真题答案

4月外刊经贸知识选读试题真题答案外刊经贸知识选读试题真题答案全国2022年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上一、Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following sentences. （本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. Owing to the financial crisis, economic problems were exacerbated all over the world.A. deterioratedB. improvedC. enlargedD. transformed2. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years.A. run awayB. reductionC. enhancementD. downward3. Figures show that the bulk of our foreign obligationsconsist of non-bank trade-related credits.A. investmentsB. profitsC. revenuesD. debts4. Foreign investors want to enjoy the same tax status as the domestic ones.A. treatmentB. declineC. supportD. objection5. More than a decade of fast growth makes China to supplant Japan as West’s main trade worry in Asia.A. exceedB. replaceC. agreeD. defeat6. Many governments have promised to take measures to help the unemployed.A. actionB. sizeC. degreeD. care7. Discrimination against goods from foreign countries is prohibited by WTO.A. equalityB. fairnessC. different treatmentD. strict policy8. America’s embrace of the free-trade agreements balanced all the criticism from the developing countries.A. suggestionB. insistenceC. oppositionD. acceptance9. Because of the mutual benefits no one would take a breach of those law lightly.A. offenceB. obedienceC. strikeD. rest10. Economists reckon Japanese bilateral trade surplus with America is also growing rapidly.A. recognizeB. calculateC. predictD. suggest11. Korea’s ambitious plans include a wholesale revamping of the country’s basic ind ustries.A. reconstructingB. retractingC. releasingD. reverting12. Even the well established consultants are finding it hard to secure definitive lucrative projects.A. profitableB. reasonableC. safeD. risky13. Japanese managers act more like western managers, putting profits before their firm’s market share.A. opportunityB. prospectC. protectionD. part14. In the U.S. soft drink industry is dominated by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo.A. competedB. balanced外刊经贸知识选读试题真题答案C. madeD. controlled15. Investment funds have moved out of commodities and into liquid assets.A. in the form of waterB. movingC. easily changed into cashD. clear二、Put the following phrases into English.（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）请将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

外刊经贸知识选读

外刊经贸知识选读《外刊经贸知识选读》一、术语manufactured goods制成品capital goods资本货物balance of payments国际收支current account经常项目有形贸易项目 visible trade account无形贸易项目 invisible trade account 贸易顺差 trade surplus 贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易 barter 补偿贸易易 compensation trade 反向贸易 counter-trade 组装生产 assembly manufacturing 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业 joint venture 延期付款 deferred payment 买方信贷 buyer credit 卖方信贷 supplier credit 软贷款 (低息贷款) soft loan 最惠国待遇 MFNtreatment (Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations) 国民收入NI(National Income)国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product) 国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association) 国际金融公司IFC(International Finance Comporation)经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement) 欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community) 欧洲联盟 EU(European Union) 外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)二、词语释义:substantially : dramatically， significantly， considerablysubsequently: afterwardsexacerbate: deteriorate， worsen; aggravate; make worsewithdraw: cancellationtheme: principlein return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interruptdestined: designedpronounced: markedin the wake of: following; after with undue: too much; unbearable reverse: change to the oppositebuoyant: briskoutcome: resultboost: stimulate; promote; developrecover: reboundfacilitate: make easyrun-down: reduction mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions insofar as: to the extent bottlenecks: obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East Europeancountries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

7月全国外刊经贸知识选读自考试题及答案解析

全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共30分）Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of each of the following statements or best completes them.1. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand thatcould lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation. （）A. point of viewB. pressureC. prospectD. area2. The value of exports increased by 10 percent, but imports jumped 38 percent at the same time.（）A. decline sharplyB. decline slowlyC. increase sharplyD. increase slowly3. Soon, $2,000 million in financing will have to be arranged for the next phase of development.（）A. planB. departmentC. stageD. career4. The four SEZs have specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investors.（）A. measuresB. stimulusC. taxesD. laws5. The major outlets for white eggs are hotels, western-style restaurants and fast food shops.（）A. channelsB. suppliersC. customersD. outings6. China has the most dynamic economy in the world. （）A. vigorousB. interestingC. hugeD. flexible7. Agricultural productivity has grown rapidly across the board. （）A. across the worldB. comprehensivelyC. worldwideD. greatly8. The decline was partly caused by India’s reining in of its budget deficit. （）A. slackeningB. rainingC. easingD. controlling9. “1992 is a set of laws, and because of the mutual stakes no one would take a breach of those1laws lightly. ”（）A. branchesB. risksC. benefitD. cooperation10. In tea and sugar, it is already taking its toll in the form of reduced purchases by cash-strappedoil producing states. （）A. enjoying popularityB. getting unwelcomingC. suffering lossesD. succeeding11. Per capita income, now $2,000, could reach $5,000 by the end of the century. （）A. every yearB. every personC. per monthD. per week12. Particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.（）A. freedomB. exampleC. exceptionD. compensation13. Re-exports to Kuwait have seesawed from Dh 183 million in 1990 to Dh 1,161 million in1991 and Dh 757 million in 1992. （）A. changedB. fluctuatedC. been seenD. soared14. It’s too early to tell how the reincarnated Coke is selling, since many bottlers are still workingoff old inventories. （）A. producingB. continuingC. providingD. dealing with15. What foreign businessmen find encouraging is that ideology is no longer in the driver’s seatand replaced by entrepreneurship. （）A. permanentB. dominantC. usefulD. successful二、Translate the following phrases into Chinese.（每小题1分，共10分）16. visible trade accounts17. assembly manufacturing18. cooperative enterprises19. securities and real estate market20. nominal dollar terms21. government procurement22. fiscal packages23. risk-weighted assets24. carbon tax25. austerity program三、Translate the following phrases into English.（每小题2分，共20分）226. 贴现率27. 补偿贸易协定28. 新兴工业29. 贸易制裁30. 无壁垒市场31. 惩罚性进口关税32. 外汇储备33. 经常项目34. 技术转让35. 市场多样化四、Read the following passages and answer the questions in English. （共18分）Passage 1“Sweat”: In this sense, South Korea is treading a path not taken by Japan. While Japanese interests span the globe, few foreign firms have successfully penetrated Japan’s home turf. Korea, too, has a legacy of xenophobia; and the Koreans are clearly wary of opening their markets to high-powered western competitors. But they are tentatively doing just that, so far with a momentum unmatched by Japan. The aim is to defuse the protectionist pressures that have hobbled U. S. -Japanese trade relations and, in time, to enter the ranks of the world’s developed nations. That’s no small order, but the Koreans think it can be filled fairly simply. At bottom, says Nam Duc Woo, chairman of the Korea Traders Association, South Korea needs only “some degree of sweet and some degree of technological sophistication”And that’s precisely what has already lifted Korea, Inc. into contention.36. What is compared to an order in the given context?(2分)37. 1)What does the writer mean by the word “sweat”?(2分)2)What does “technological sophistication”refer to? (2分)38. Can you explain “…lifted Korea, Inc. into contention”?(3分)Passage 2Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all their export earnings to debt service, leaving themselves with virtually no surplus to pay for imports. With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.But counter-trade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yoffie, “Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on counter-trade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations. Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use counter-trade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.”39. What is “debt service”?(1分)40. 1)What does “global firms”refer to?(2分)32)What does the network of a so-called “global firms”usually consist of?(5分)41. What’s meant by “tap the networks of global firms”?(1分)五、Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false.Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given.（每小题1分，共10分）Passage 1Many countries are envious of Silicon Valley, the world center of the computer, software, and Internet industries. Silicon Valley started in the 1950s with a modest plan by Federick Terman, a far-sighted dean of Stanford’s Engineering School, to create an industrial park on unused Stanford land. A few companies accepted the offer, but the area was still sleepy and unimpressive when I first visited it in the early 60s.The region took off in the 1970s with the development of the personal computers by Apple Computer Inc. and others, and it has exploded since then with the creation of the Internet and the enormous demand for software. Silicon Valley now employs more than 1 million people, almost 40% of whom have at least a bachelor’s degree, and more than a third are foreign-born. They are attracted by the good jobs and by the early access to frontier developments in the high-tech field.Whatever got Silicon V alley going, its advantages in attracting quality labor venture capital multiplied as the region grew. A large pool of engineers, scientists, and software experts are available to both new and old companies. Talented individuals flock to the region not only because of generous stock options and decent pay, but also because they know they can find good jobs there if their employers fail. So while job changes are common, unemployment rates are extremely low.Innovations and other new developments spread rapidly in Silicon Valley, in part by employees who change jobs. As Alfred Marshall, a great British economist of the late 19th century, recognized, when companies in related industries locate near each other, “the mysteries of the trade become no mysteries; but are as it were in the air.”This makes it difficult to keep secrets, but companies do get access to innovations by neighbors.42. After ten years’development, Silicon Valley has grown up into an industrial cluster like today.（）43. With the creation of Internet, Silicon Valley faced a boom. （）44. Silicon Valley developed wholly by government support. （）45. Unemployment rates are low because workers prefer stay in a company. （）46. Competition makes companies in this area grow faster by innovation. （）Passage 2Market prices move up or down (or remain the same) in response to a host of factors causing shifts in supply (the whole supply curve) or demand (the whole demand curve) or both together.Bad weather makes prices go up ——not just the price of agricultural, but of a great many other ranging from steel to nightgowns ——because of interruption of production, breakdown in transportation, power failure, etc.4Changes in technology cause shifts in supply curves, a more efficient way of making transistors brings down the prices of calculators, computers, radios, television sets, record players, recorders. Increase in the scale of production , as we have seen, often bring down certain product prices.Shrinking oil and mineral reserves contract supply, and prices move up. “Diseconomies”resulting from shrinking scales of production, as when the market for handmade pocketbooks, horse-drawn carriages, grandfather clocks, custom tailoring, and handmade furniture contracts, push up the price of such products not only absolutely, but relatively far above what they were in the old days, when skilled labor was cheaper and more abundant.47. A wide variety of goods are affected by the bad weather. （）48. Improvement in technology will decrease product prices. （）49. Increase in the scale of production means “diseconomy”. （）50. Oil prices are greatly affected by its storage. （）51. Few are being made and so are more expensive to make—handmade furniture is an example.（）六、Translate the following passage into Chinese.（共12分）52. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles andconsumer electronics, Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No. 1 problem this year,”says one Chinese official. “After Japan, we will be first in line for retaliation. ”5。

(全新整理)7月全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试卷及答案解析

全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将所有答案写在答题纸相应的位置上，否则不计分。

一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. If current population trends continue and states do not improve the education of all racial groups, the skills of the workforce and the incomes of U.S. residents are projected to decline over the next two decades.A. fallB. defineC. increaseD. deliver2. But the company also continues to work in Michigan, including assembling land for retail projects in Commerce Township.A. associatingB. contributingC. appreciatingD. collecting3. The emergence of new products in the global navigation market is growing so fast that today’s $100 CD-ROM navigation package will be out of date in six months.A. efficiencyB. appearanceC. exerciseD. arrangement4. Discover real practical information that shows you how to manifest your desires.A. manageB. accelerateC. demonstrateD. implement5. A slump in share prices has made life difficult for public companies.A. slumB. dropC. pick-upD. contract6. Divergent creative processes like biological evolution always involve tradeoffs between diversity and concentration.A. DifferentB. Absurd1C. FragileD. Explicit7. Just as in the stock market, there is opportunity for power-management advances in rough economic times, despite a darkening forecast for many power management devices themselves.A. coarseB. evidentC. excessD. difficult8. Trade Minister Mark Vaile today announced a new taskforce designed to help Australian companies deal with business opportunities in the United States.A. reckonB. argueC. tackleD. dispute9. My point in explaining this is not necessarily to discourage developers from creating them.A. compoundB. dissuadeC. evaporateD. persuade10. Henry was sure the future of the auto industry was in a low-priced car for the general public.A. automatB. automationC. autobicycleD. automobile11. Managers who seek growth at a reasonable price try to strike a balance between strong earnings and good value.A. fairB. seasonableC. supremeD. predictable12. The bank found that from the 1709 postcode districts in England and Wales, 757 (44%) had average detached property prices above the IHT threshold for the new tax year.A. dischargedB. disguisedC. separatedD. exerted13. If you are a new learner at a participating organization you must register to create your own username and password and gain access to the site.A. haveB. makeC. takeD. save14. Garlic mashed potatoes were served perfectly whipped and full of flavor, but the chopped carrots, drenched in cinnamon, brown sugar and a brandy glaze, were very sweet and sugary and did not complement the rest of the meal.2A. sodaB. tasteC. syrupD. bubble15. Customs procedures should, on the basis of compliance on the part of firms, be simplified, facilitating trade for firms.A. sortingB. gradingC. easingD. shipping二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. GA TT17. portfolio investment18. debt restructuring19. countervailing duty20. glut of supplies21. barrier-free market22. invisible account23. preferential tax rate24. economic heavy weight25. fledgling industries三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 中国出口商品交易会27. 硬通货28. 剩余劳动力29. 试销30. 直接投资31. 资本货物32. 国际收支33. 强硬政策34. 合资企业35. 技术转让四、简答题（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）3Passage 1Having spent years fattening up its leading companies, South Korea is now forcing them to slim down. On Jan. 18th the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced that the country’ s top 30 chaebols would do as the government had asked and concentrate on their core businesses. The ten largest chaebols were allowed to name three sectors each, the next 20 to name two sectors.The government claims it has three clear aims: to encourage competition and foster small businesses; to wrest power from the old industrial dynasties and hand it over to professional managers; and, above all, to stem the “octopus-like growth”of the chaebols into unrelated areas.36. In what way did the government require the chaebols to slim down?37. What does “octopus-like growth”mean here?38. Among the three aims of the government order, which is the most important?Passage 2In the first half of the 1980s, it was conventional wisdom to say that the exceptional strength of the dollar was partly responsible for—and helped to offset—the increasing weakness of dollar denominated commodity prices. All other things being equal, so the argument went, a subsequent fall in the dollar might be expected to give a compensating boost to dollar commodity prices.39. What do “all other things” mainly refer to?40. What was the “fall in the dollar” subsequent to?41. Why should the “boost” hav e been a compensating one?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1In 1958, two young college students, brothers Frank and Dan Carney, opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant in Kansas, USA with US $ 600. The Carney brothers found that there was a great potential in franchises, so they decided to use that as a foundation for their business. A year later, the first Pizza Hut franchise store opened.In 1977, Pizza Hut became a subsidiary of PepsiCo., Inc. Through mergers and acquisitions, as well as organic growth, Pizza Hut has secured a prominent position in the market.Today, franchises and joint venture partnerships account for more than half of the Pizza Hut system’ s total units. Following the opening of the first international restaurant in Canada in 1968,4Pizza Hut restaurants quickly appeared in Mexico, South America, Australia, Europe, the Far East and Africa. The red roof was introduced as the company logo which was soon to become world famous as an easily recognized guarantee of crispy pizza, delicious pasta and friendly service in a pleasant atmosphere.Pizza Hut, a division of Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc., is now the world’ s largest pizza restaurant company with more than 8,000 units in the United States and more than 4,000 units in over 90 countries and territories. The company is the recognized leader in the $25 billion pizza category worldwide. It has more than 250,000 employees worldwide, providing more than 1.7 million pizzas to more than 4 million customers each day.42. Franchise has brought about the spread of Pizza Hut worldwide not only at the beginning of its business but also at present.43. Now Pizza Hut is a subsidiary of PepsiCo., Inc.44. The red roof of Pizza Hut is a symbol of good pizza and good service.45. Four million customers around the world have pizza each day.46. The company makes a total profit of $25 billion each year.Passage 2The term market and marketing can have several meanings depending upon how they are used. The term stock market refers to the buying and selling of shares in corporations as well as other activities related to stock trading and pricing. Another type of market is a grocery market, which is a place where people purchase food. When economists use the word market they mean a set of forces or conditions that determine the price of a product, such as the supply available for sale and the demand for it by consumers. The term marketing in business includes all of these meanings, and more.In the past, the concept of marketing emphasized sales. The manufacturer made a product he wanted to sell. Marketing was the task of figuring out how to sell the product. Basically, selling the product would be accomplished by sales promotion, which included advertising and personal selling. In addition to sales promotion, marketing also involved the physical distribution of the product to the places where it was actually sold. Distribution consisted of transportation, storage, and related services such as financing, standardization and grading, and the related risks.The modern marketing concept includes all of the activities mentioned, but it is based on a5different set of principles. It suggests that production can be economically justified only by consumption. In other words, goods should be produced only if they can be sold. Therefore, the producer should consider who is going to buy the product or what the market for the product is—before production begins.Marketing now involves first deciding what the customer wants, and designing and producing a product that satisfies these wants at a profit to the company. Instead of concentrating solely on production, the company must consider the desires of the consumer, and this is much more difficult since it involves human behavior. Production, on the other hand, is mostly an engineering problem.Because products are often marketed internationally, distribution has increased in importance. Goods must be at the place where the customer needs them and must be brought there. This is known as place utility; it adds value to a product. However, many markets are separated from the place of production, which means that often both raw materials and finished products must be transported to the points where they are needed.Modern marketing is therefore a coordinated system of many business activities, but basically it involves four things: 1. selling the correct product at the proper place; 2. selling it at a price determined by demand; 3. satisfying a customer’ s needs and wants; and 4. producing a profit for the economy.47. When different economists use the wor d “marketing”, they mean different things.48. Marketing is a bigger concept than market.49. One characteristic of traditional marketing is that demand is considered before production.50. Modern marketing is much more than making a product and thinking about how to sell it.51. Distribution is a basic activity of modern marketing.六、翻译题（本大题12分）52. But some economists stressed the risks that a more aggressive U.S. policy poses. C. Fred Bergsten, director of the Institute for International Economists and a prominent member of the free-trade establishment, said he saw little evidence for a strategy, except for “a willingness to listen to protectionist appeals”from the automobile, semi conductor, steel and energy industries, among others, and a desire to mollify these industries’powerful congressional protectors.6。

外刊经贸知识选读习题集及答案

《外刊经贸知识选读》习题集I. INTERNA TIONAL TRADE一、翻译-中译英1. 一个国家贸易规模的相对大小经常通过该国的出口金额占其国内生产总值的比例来衡量。

2. 最重要的海运单据是提单。

它首先是发货人与船公司之间的一种合约；其次是收到货物的收据；第三是所有权单证。

3. 典型的信用证可能要求以下单证：发票、提单、海运保险单、装箱单、磅码单、检验证书及产地证。

4. 国际贸易是一个国家所生产的商品和服务和另一个国家所生产的商品和服务之间的交换。

5. 海关同中央银行紧密地合作，以确保货物只能按照现行的管理条例进口或出口。

二、翻译-英译中1. The issuing bank examines the draft and documents upon receipt, to ensure that the documents conform to the letter of credit. If anything is wrong, the discrepancies are subject to acceptance by the buyer.2. Consular invoices are declarations made at the consulate of the importing country. They confirm the ex works cost of a consignment.3. “Ex works” means that the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named p lace not cleared for export and not loaded on any collecting vehicle.4. “Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.5. “Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.6. “Delivered Ex Ship” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship not cleared for import at the named port of destination.三、阅读-归纳Passage 1Chinese trade officials remain alarmed at the extent of the abuse of trade compensatory measures against China, although the number of anti-dumping investigations involving China has actually dropped. China remains the world’s largest vic tim of the abuse of anti-dumping measures with 27 investigations having been started into its exports in the latter half of last year, according to latest data from the World Trade Organization (WTO). The large number was partly because China’s exports grew extraordinarily quickly last year against the backdrop of gloomy world economic outlook, said Chinese trade officials. The abuse of anti-dumping measures against China has started to fall as the number was down from 29 investigations into Chinese exports in the latter of 2001, indicated WTO data. Chinese trade officials said China’s WTO membership helped deter foreign countries from discriminatory actions against China. The decrease was also a result of the hard work of the Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export under the Ministry of Commerce, they said. The bureau, set up immediately after China’s WTO entry in late 2001, has done a lot inhelping domestic companies respond to foreign anti-dumping charges and refraining from vicious price competitions in international market. Officials with the bureau had expected the number of anti-dumping cases involving China would rapidly increase this year, with regard to big growth in Chinese exports last year and reviving international trade protectionism.1. Make a brief summary on the present situation of anti-dumping measures against China.2. Make a brief summary on the reasons which cause the large number of anti-dumping measures against China.3. Make a brief summary on the reasons which lead to the decreased number of anti-dumping measures against China.4. Make a brief summary on the function of Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export in respond to risk of exportation.Passage 2In January, the United States imported more than $1.2 billion in textiles and apparel from China, up from about $701 million a year ago. Imports of major apparel products from China jumped 546 percent. Last January, for example, China shipped 941,000 cotton knit shirts, which were limited by quotas; this January, it shipped 18.2 million, a 1,836 percent increase. Imports of cotton knit trousers were up 1,332 percent from a year ago. These figures may be understated because China ships a large part of its goods through Hong Kong, and those shipments are not included. Fears that China is going to flood the world market with cheap textile exports have already inflamed tensions between Washington and Beijing because of worries about American manufacturing plants being closed and thousands of jobs being lost. Already, in January, the first month after global quotas were lifted, 12,200 jobs were lost in the United States apparel and textile industries, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Some analysts have predicted that China could capture as much as 70 percent of the American market in the next two years. Before the end of quotas, about 16 percent of apparel sold in the United States came from China. Last year, the United States trade deficit with China set a record of $162 billion, making it the largest trade imbalance ever recorded by the United States with a single country. To be sure, some textile importers say this phenomenon may be a one-time surge. Companies, for instance, may have put off shipping goods at the end of last year to avoid the quotas.5. Make a brief summary on the development of textiles imports to the United States from China after the end of quota.6. Make a brief summary on the connection between the end of quota and unemployment in the United States.7. Make a brief summary on the impact of the end of quota on the economy and society of United States.Passage 3International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture. Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to alesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production. Trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Instead of importing a factor of production, a country can import goods that make intensive use of that factor of production and thus embody it. An example is the import of labor-intensive goods by the United States from China. Instead of importing Chinese labor, the United States imports goods that were produced with Chinese labor. One report in 2010 suggested that international trade was increased when a country hosted a network of immigrants, but the trade effect was weakened when the immigrants became assimilated into their new country.8. Make a brief summary on the definition of international trade.9. Make a brief summary on the difference between international trade and domestic trade.10. Make a brief summary on the reason that the United States imports labor-intensive goodsfrom China.四、阅读-答问A standard, commercial letter of credit (LC) is a document issued mostly by a financial institution, used primarily in trade finance, which usually provides an irrevocable payment undertaking.The letter of credit can also be payment for a transaction, meaning that redeeming the letter of credit pays an exporter. Letters of credit are used primarily in international trade transactions of significant value, for deals between a supplier in one country and a customer in another. In such cases, the International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits applies (UCP 600 being the latest version).The parties to a letter of credit are usually a beneficiary who is to receive the money, the issuing bank of whom the applicant is a client, and the advising bank of whom the beneficiary is a client. Almost all letters of credit are irrevocable, i.e., cannot be amended or canceled without prior agreement of the beneficiary, the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any. In executing a transaction, letters of credit incorporate functions common to giros and Traveler's cheques. Typically, the documents a beneficiary has to present in order to receive payment include a commercial invoice, bill of lading, and documents proving the shipment was insured against loss or damage in transit.Letters of credit (LC) deal in documents, not goods. An LC can be irrevocable or revocable. An irrevocable LC cannot be changed unless both buyer and seller agree. With a revoca ble LC, changes can be made without the consent of the beneficiary.A sight LC means that payment is made immediately to the beneficiary/seller/exporter upon presentation of the correct documents in the required time frame. A time or date LC will specify when payment will be made at a future date and upon presentation of the required documents. Negotiation means the giving of value for draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate, viz the nominated bank. Mere examination of the documents and forwarding the same to the letter of credit issuing bank for reimbursement, without giving of value / agreed to give, does not constitute a negotiation.To receive payment, an exporter or shipper must present the documents required by the letter of credit. Typically, the payee presents a document proving the goods were sent instead of showing the actual goods. The Original Bill of Lading (OBL) is normally the document accepted by banks as proof that goods have been shipped. However, the list and form of documents is open to imagination and negotiation and might contain requirements to present documents issued by a neutral third party evidencing the quality of the goods shipped, or their place of origin or place.One of the primary peculiarities of the documentary credit is that the payment obligation is abstract and independent from the underlying contract of sale or any other contract in the transaction. Thus the bank’s obligation is defined by the terms of the credit alone, and the sale contract is irre levant. The defensive of the buyer arising out of the sale contract do not concern the bank and in no way affect its liability. Article 4(a) UCP states this principle clearly. Article 5 the UCP further states that banks deal with documents only, they are not concerned with the goods (facts). Accordingly, if the documents tendered by the beneficiary, or his or her agent, appear to be in order, then in general the bank is obliged to pay without further qualifications.All the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit, negotiation of documents, reimbursements and other charges like courier are to the account of applicant or as per the terms and conditions of the Letter of credit. If the letter of credit is silent on charges, then they are to the account of the Applicant. The description of charges and who would be bearing them would be indicated in the field 71B in the Letter of Credit.1. What is the major function of letter of credit in international trade?2. What does UCP stand for?3. Which institution is the one that issued UCP 600?4. How should the exporter and the importer be called as parties of a letter of credit?5. What is the major function of issuing bank in a letter of credit business?6. What is the connection between the advising bank and the beneficiary?7. What is the major feature of an irrevocable LC?8. Under which circumstance can an irrevocable LC be amended?9. Which kind of LC does the exporter prefer to use, the revocable ones or irrevocable ones?10. As far as the time of payment is concerned, what are the two types of LC?11. Under which circumstances will the bank pay to the exporter?12. Which document is a title document?13. How to understand “the bank’s obligation is independent from sales contract”?14. Will the banks inspect the goods before making payment? Why?15. Usually, who is responsible for the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit?II. INTERNA TIONAL ECONOMIC RELA TIONS AND COOPERA TION一、翻译-中译英1. 工业化或发达国家是指那些除具有先进的农业和原料采掘技术外，还具有相当水平的制造业和服务业的国家。

外刊经贸知识选读_lesson 7

Lesson 7 Japan Says NoTOKYOAmerica wants Japan to meet import targets for some American goods. An unwilling Japan has decided to draw the line.美国希望日本达到进口美国货物的指标，不那么情愿的日本决定划定最低界线。

Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it by setting import targets—an approach to trade policy that supporters call ”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust(要点，目标) of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-pacific confrontation.从前，日本面对外来压力时，或者勉强屈服，或者保持沉默，并希望这种压力逐渐消失。

但现这种情况已经一去不复返了。

克林顿政府热衷于拖加这样的压力（依然认为对日施加贸易压力会有效果。

全国2013年4月自考外刊经贸知识选读试题和答案

A. constraintB. promotion
C. settlementD. forecast
3. Yiwu has become a shopping paradise for tourists from all over the world with itsbewilderingrange of cheap, quality merchandise.
C. outputD. lawfulness
6. This movespurredcar sales and propelledChinato surpass theUnited Statesas the world’s largest auto market.
A. operatedB. stimulated
C. acceptedD. witnessed
9. The urban-rural gap can beexacerbatedby rapid urbanization, which is expected to sustain the demand for more and better urban healthcare.
A. GrowingB. Bustling
C. GroomD. Inactive
11. He stressed that the trade imbalance was caused by a combination of factors, including structural trade and investment differences,divergentpatterns of savings and consumption and the international division of labor.

外贸经贸知识选读（推荐5篇）

外贸经贸知识选读（推荐5篇）第一篇：外贸经贸知识选读全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.The original ban on private trading had long since been()A.wavedB.waitedC.waivedD.wanted2.are produced according to sample provided by the customer.()A.ProceduresB.ProductsC.PotentialsD.Proposals3.China is the rewards of reforms first launched by Deng Xiaoping in 1979.()A.obtainingB.bouncingC.radiatingD.raising4.Many countries in the region were adversely by declines in workers’ remittances and tourism revenues.()A.stagnatedB.slackenedpoundedD.impacted5.The museum stored all articles in a locked showcase.()A.breakableB.payableC.considerableD.amenable6.The US asks the World Trade Organization to limit trade to $1bn instead of the $4bn sanctions the EU wants to impose.()A.penaltiesB.confrontationsC.frictionsD.consequences7.The world’s second l argest economy, Japan, has been for nearly a decade, after the boom of the early 1980s collapsed.()A.activeB.robustC.inactiveD.encouraging8.Exports of Japanese machinery the downturn quite well because the Asian economies that buy them continued to boom.()A.disputedB.provokedC.reckonedD.resisted9.Email scripts on a computer without one’s knowledge.()A.trespassB.eliminateC.detractD.proceed10.Dubai is making progress in its efforts to promoteinternational of its attractions.()A.accommodationB.consciousnessC.coincidenceD.legitimacy11.Security Council members confirm support for African efforts to conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea.()A.spreadB.spoilC.stopD.spill12.Smoking is strictly in the process of handling explosive materials.()A.flourishedB.enduredC.subsidizedD.forbidden13.Big companies understand the importance of()A.executivesB.experimentsC.franchisesD.trademarks14.That market alone half of the volume and 40 per cent of the value of the total U.S.exports of shell eggs for food use.()A.added toB.shared withC.amounted toD.connected with15.International not-for-profit trade association with 50 corporate members resided in 20 countries who produce 95percent of the world supply of rubber.()A.productiveB.artificialC.tropicalD.artistic二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16.market share17.raw material18.capital market19.foreign-exchange reserves20.bilateral pacts21.intellectual property22.free trade23.(OPEC)24.hard currency25.consumer goods三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26.战略性储备27.服务贸易28.供应过剩29.清算协议30.利息付款31.特别提款权32.证券投资33.生产力34.合资企业35.技术转让四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1In 1991, for the second year the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually as measured by an increase in per capita gross domestic product(GDP).output for developing countries advanced by slightly less than 2 per cent during 1991(similar to the weak performance of 1990), implying an easing in per capita income of 0.1 per cent.Aggregate statistics for 1991 were influenced by the sharp decline in output in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as by the adverse effects of the Gulf crisis on several economies in the Middle East.Excluding Central and Eastern Europe, growth in developing countries in 1991 was 3.4 per cent, compared with 3.8 per cent during the 1980s.Estimates of GDP growth by major region show an acceleration in Latin America and in sub-Saharan Africa;an increase in China’s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.36.Wha t do “in a row”, “stagnate” and “aggregate” mean in the first paragraph?37.What kind of influence did the Gulf crisis have on the Middle East economy?38.What does the report mean to emphasize using the word “geographic”?Passage 2Some of the Clinton adm inistration’s tough talk appears intended to pressure trading partners into offering concession and to unblock stalled negotiations on several fronts.But it appears that officials are prepared to turn up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences.In some ways, Mr.Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against theCommunity last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for panies.The same political pressures from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now bearing down on the Clinton team.39.“Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk” is described as being “tactical” in the text.What is the implication of in the given context?40.What did the Clinton administration have in common with the Bush administration in their attitude toward the EU?41.Why did America refuse to sign a GATT agreement as mentioned in the second passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1John T.Chambers, Chief Executive of Cisco Systems, talks about the merger of Cisco with a larger company:A merger of equals had a lot of appeal.If you combine the Number 1 and Number 2 players in an industry, by definition you’re Number 1 in terms of size.By combining two companies with good management teams, you automatically build up the strength of your management.You can also widen your customer base and have more distribution channels.In addition, the merger automatically makes your remaining competition second level.As a result, your competition must rethink its strategy.In the end, you force a period of mergers and acquisitions on your competition.When we looked more closely, our concerns were raised.For example, 50 percent of large-scale mergers fail.Mergers can fail on a number of levels.They can fail in terms of their benefit to the shareholders, customers, employees and business partners.A decision has to be right with each of those groups, or we would not go forward with it.If you merge twocompanies that are growing at 80 percent rates, you stand a very good chance of stopping both of them.That’s a fact.For a period of time, no matter how smoothly they operate, you lose momentum.Our industry is not like the banking industry, where you are acquiring branch banks and customers.In our industry, you are acquiring people.And if you don’t keep those people, you have made a terrible, terrible investment.We pay between $500,000 and $2 million per person in an acqusition.So you can understand that if you don’t keep the people, you’ve done a tremendous disservice to your shareholders.So we focus first on the people and how we incorporate them into our company, and then we focus on how to drive the business.42.The passage talks about the benefits and problems after a merger of companies.()43.The word “competition” in this passage means “rivals”.()44.In order to compete with other companies, Cisco is forced to go into the next round of mergers.()45.The reason why 50 percent of large-scale mergers fail is just that the companies do not let their shareholders, customers, employees and business partners make decisions.()46.When Cisco Systems buys another company, its primary focus is on its customers.()Passage 2In the eyes of economists, economic growth is a phenomenon about population.First, the accumulation of capital needed to support growth comes from citizens’ saving tendencies.A labor-intensive economy has more deposit capacity than an ageing society.Secondly, economic growth relies on the growth of labor forces, especially young laborers.Sustained growth also depends on education standards.In China, labor forces are mainly outsourced from rural areas.In the past 25 years,some 160 million rural laborers have quit traditional farming and found employment in cities or non-farming sectors.Although agriculture still employs more than 60 per cent of China’s population, its share in the country’s financial revenue has declined to less than 15 per cent, dropping from 40 per cent or so in late 1970s.This also shows that China’s growth is mainly based on an industrialization course featuring expansion of the manufacturing sector.Continuous supply of labor forces has improved China’s private saving capability substantially, which means surplus income that can be reinvested to fuel economic growth.The importance of labor supply in China’s growth dynamics means it is necessary to review the way China’s population increases.After years of decline, China’s birth rate is now equivalent to that of other emerging East Asian economies.The low birth rate in the country is mainly a result of the family planning policy initiated in the late 1970s.Some scholars have estimated China will see zero growth in young laborers in 2015.Some have also projected that by 2030, 20 per cent of China’s population will be over 60-years-old, compared to 8 per cent now, and the number of pensioners will be more than 40per cent of the number of working people.47.This passage mainly talks about the importan ce of labor supply in China’s economic growth.()48.The two factors that will limit China’s future growth are the industrialization process and the slowdown in labor supply.()49.China’s productivity mainly resulted from the transfer of labor forces to farming sectors.()50.One major characteristic of China’s industrialization is the development of manufacturing business.()51.The contribution of agriculture to China’s financial revenue has remained quite stable over the past three decades.()六、翻译题（本大题12分）52.Interest in imports from China is high.The Chinese consulate’s commercial section in Dubai reported a continual stream of visitors in the run-up to the exhibition from companies wanting to do business for the first time with China.More than 4,000 Chinese traders visited the emirates on government and private missions last year.As a result of this activity, China’s exports to the UAE have almost doubled from $279.5 million in 1990 to $522.7 million in 1992, according to Chinese government statistics.Du bai’s statistics show that China was the fifth largest supplier in 1990第二篇：自考经贸知识选读复习材料(串讲)第一章一、术语制成品 manufactured goods 资本货物 capital goods 国际收支balance of payments 经常项目current account 有形贸易项目visible trade account 无形贸易项目 invisible trade account 贸易顺差 trade surplus 贸易逆差 trade deficit易货贸易barter 补偿贸易compensation trade 反向贸易counter-trade 组装生产assembly manufacturing 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业 joint venture 延期付款deferred payment 买方信贷buyer credit 卖方信贷supplier credit 软贷款(低息贷款)soft loan 最惠国待遇MFN treatment(Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)国民收入NI(National Income)国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product)国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际开发协会IDA(International Development Association)国际金融公司IFC(International Finance Comporation)经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) 国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community)欧洲联盟EU(European Union)外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)二、词语释义：substantially : dramatically, significantly, considerablysubsequently: afterwardsexacerbate: deteriorate, worsen;aggravate;make worsewithdraw: cancellation 1theme: principlein return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interruptdestined: designedpronounced: markedin the wake of: following;after withundue: too much;unbearablereverse: change to the oppositebuoyant: briskoutcome: resultboost: stimulate;promote;developrecover: reboundfacilitate: make easyrun-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extentbottlenecks: obstacles三、句子翻译1.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

外刊经贸知识选读(00096) 英汉词组互译

1. barrier-free market自由/无壁垒市场2. test market试销市场3. budget deficit预算赤字4. capital-intensive investment资金密集型投资5. top-of-the-line technology行业内领先技术6. visible trade account有型贸易项目7. punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税8. intellectual property right知识产权9. most favored nation status最惠国待遇10. depression销条11. trade surplus贸易顺差12. deflation通货紧缩13. barter trade易货贸易14. futures market期货市场15. current account经常项目16. invisible trade 无形贸易17. compensation trade补偿贸易18. devaluation 贬值19. per capita income人均收入20. infrastructure基础设施21. market share 市场分额22. special economic zone 经济特区23. exclusive agency agreement 独家代理协议24. finished goods/manufactured goods制成品25. agriculture and industrial production工农业生产26. trade balance贸易差额27. merger 兼并28. market force市场力量29. monetary policy 货币政策30. world trade organization 世界贸易组织31. personal/individual income tax个人所得税32. commodity/goods market商品市场33. service trade服务贸易34. primary goods 初级产品35. international monetary fund 国际货币基金组织36. per capita GDP(gross domestic product)人均国内生产总值37. convertible currency 可兑换货币38. customs duties and taxation海关关税39. good infrastructure 良好的基础设施40. deinflationary policy反通货膨胀政策41. trade sanction 贸易制裁42 . at the summit meeting 峰会43. on a conservative estimate据保守估计44. price hike价格上涨45. self-sufficient自给自足46. liquid assets 流动资产47. trade fairs and exhibitions贸易展销会48. preferential tax rate优惠关税49. vested interests既得利益50. export quota 出口配额51. government procurement政府采购52. European integration欧洲一体化53. bilateral pacts 双边条约54. countervailing duty反补贴税55. fledgling industries新兴工业56. stock market股票市场57. capital transfer 资本转移58. trade discrimination贸易歧视59. bilateral trade 双边贸易60. European continent欧洲大陆61. carbon tax 双重税62. state-owned enterprises国有企业63. competitive advantage竞争优势64. balance of payments国际收支65. high-tech 高技术66. portfolio investment证券投资67. free market自由市场68. trade barriers贸易壁垒69. glut of supply供应过剩70. equivalent value对等价值71. economic recession经济衰退72. unfair trade 不平等交易73. exclusive contract独家经销合同74. per capita income人均收入75. long-term strategy长期战略76. GATT 关税及贸易总协定77. financial crisis 金融危机78. trade representative商务代表79. physical market 现货市场80. financial deregulation撤销金融管制规定81. sovereignty dispute主权争端82. hard currency硬通货83. merger of banks银行兼并84. a hermit naiton闭关自守的国家85. trade negotiation贸易谈判86. at a rough estimate 据粗略估计87. Chinese export commodities fair中国出口商品交易会88. foreign exchange reserve外汇储备89. debt sevice/interest payment利息付款90. sole foreign funded外商独资91. technology transfer技术转让92. domestic demand国内需求93. export oriented出口导向94. trade balance 贸易差额95. certificate of origin产地证书96. customs duties进口税97. clearing agreement清算协议98. real estate房地产99. business cycle商业周期100. fiscal packages财政一揽子计划101. debt service 利息付款102. good resistance强阻力103. cash crops经济作物104. GNP 国民生产总值105. deinflationary policy反通胀政策106. short supply供应短缺107. the World Bank世界银行108. capital goods资本货物109. productive force 生产力110. foreign exchange earnings外汇收入111. profit-remittance 利润汇款112. national income国民收入113. closing level收盘价。