国家开放大学电大考试学位英语-阅读理解

１、规则和习俗 A man on a lonely islandA man on a lonely island can act as he likes because he has no one to consider except himself. But when Robinson Crusoe discovered footprints in the sand, he could no longer act precisely as before. He had to think of the existence of a companion and the possible effect of his actions upon a second person. Two people thus suddenly brought face to face can not ignore each other. Either one must overcome the other or they must arrive at some form of coexistence.In the latter event they have first to convince each other of their friendly intentions. When a man comes upon a tribe whose language he does not know, he will nod and smile, make friendly gestures and perhaps send them small gifts. If these offers are successful, the tribesmen will take him to their village and bring him food and drink. Moreover, the arrival of an important visitor is something out of the ordinary. So, as an answer to the feeling that their guest should be treated as well as they can, something better than the ordinary food will be provided, and the meal followed by singing and dancing. The host wishes to make his guest feel at home, the guest to show thanks of the kindness he has received.Questions of good behavior and consideration for others maybe have arisen in one form or another since social life began, because social life is impossible if each person thinks only of himself.If men are to live together in a community they must, as a measure of common sense and in the interest of all，accept a certain number of rules and conventions. Such agreement is more than ever necessary. Chaos may result when four people play bridge according to widely different conventions. The same is true of social life.1. A man on a lonely island can act as he likes, because _______.D. he feels it unnecessary to consider others2. Two strangers will never get along well unless _______.C. they make peace with each other or one defeats the other謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔點鉍杂篓鳐驱。

3. If you meet a tribe whose language you don't know, you can offer all the followings EXCEPT___.A. teaching them your language4. The arrival of an important visitor is something out of the ordinary, so they will.C. receive the visitor better5. If you want to live well in a community,.manners? How does one know what to do and what not to do? Well, here are some examples.A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are in trouble. Instead, he tries to help them. He is always kind to others. When people are waiting for a bus, he takes his turn. He does not push to the front of the line. On the bus he gives his seat to an older person or a person with a very young child. If he knocks into someone, or gets in his way, he says "Excuse me" or "I'm sorry".He says "Please" when he asks for something and "Thank you" when he receives something. He stands up when he is speaking to an older person, and he does not sit down until the other person takes his seat. He does not interrupt other people when they are talking. He does not talk too much. He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. When he is eating, he does not speak with his mouth full of food. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs. He does not spit in public.As a student, it is a bad manner to come late to class. If you are late you should make an apology to the teacher either at the time or after the class. It is also a bad manner to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question. If you do not know the answer, say so immediately. If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. It is polite for the students to help the teacher. Sometimes students can help their teachers to clean the blackboard, to close or open the door or windows.Sometimes there are papers to collect or to hand out. This kind of help is always appreciated. Ideas of what are good manners are not always the same in different countries. But in all countries it is important to be kind and helpful.1. person with good manners is popular with others because ____.B. he knows what to do and what not to do on different occasions 蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘籜葦繯颓鲷洁。

2. A person with good manners will ____ those in trouble.D. do whatever he can do help3. When you are with an old man, you should do all the following except ______.C. interrupting him if he talks too much4. Which of the following is NOT proper for a student with good manners to do?A. Making no sound all the time in class.5. You'd better keep in mind that _____.elephants killed illegally in Africa has fallen sharply. 89 thousand were killed in 1983. 46 thousand were killed one year later.This happened because African countries agreed to establish export limits on ivory from elephants. Ivory is the hard white material that forms an elephant's two long teeth, or tusks. Countries that import ivory are refusing to accept ivory shipments that do not have legal export documents.The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in a treaty signed by 91 nations led to the program for saving endangered elephants in Africa.Successful efforts also have been made in protecting Africa's endangered mountain gorillas. Almost 400 of the gorillas survive in a volcano area on the border of Rwanda, Uganda and Zaire. The mountain gorilla population has remained about the same for 15 years. This happened partly, because Rwanda developed an important business that depends on protecting the gorillas. Visitors there can pay to get close to watch the gorillas in the animals' traditional home area.Another successful program is to take endangered animals out of their natural homes. The animals are put into zoos or other protected areas where they can reproduce in safety. The goal of many of these programs is to produce enough animals to put back into the wild.51. What is the best title for this passage?B) Protecting Endangered Species52. The number of elephants killed illegally in Africa has decreased greatly in that ______.A) African countries agreed to establish export limits on ivory from elephants 凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴铍賄鹗骥鲧戲。